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Evans VD, Arenas A, Shinozuka K, Tabaac BJ, Beutler BD, Cherian K, Fasano C, Muir OS. Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Ketamine. Am J Ther 2024; 31:e155-e177. [PMID: 38518272 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine, an arylcyclohexylamine dissociative anesthetic agent, has evolved into a versatile therapeutic. It has a rapid-onset, well-understood cardiovascular effects and a favorable safety profile in clinical use. Its enantiomeric compound, esketamine, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 for both treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY Research indicates dose-dependent impacts on cognition, particularly affecting episodic and working memory following both acute administration and chronic use, albeit temporarily for the former and potentially persistent for the latter. Alongside acute risks to cardiovascular stability, ketamine use poses potential liver toxicity concerns, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure within short time frames. The drug's association with "ketamine cystitis," characterized by bladder inflammation, adds to its profile of physiological risks. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES Data demonstrate a single intravenous infusion of ketamine exhibits antidepressant effects within hours (weighted effect size averages of depression scores (N = 518) following a single 0.5 mg/kg infusion of ketamine is d = 0.96 at 24 hours). Ketamine is also effective at reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity following repeated infusions (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores: -11.88 points compared with midazolam control). Ketamine also decreased suicidal ideation in emergency settings (Scale for Suicidal Ideation scores: -4.96 compared with midazolam control). Through its opioid-sparing effect, ketamine has revolutionized postoperative pain management by reducing analgesic consumption and enhancing recovery. LIMITATIONS Many studies indicate that ketamine's therapeutic effects may subside within weeks. Repeated administrations, given multiple times per week, are often required to sustain decreases in suicidality and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Ketamine's comprehensive clinical profile, combined with its robust effects on depression, suicidal ideation, PTSD, chronic pain, and other psychiatric conditions, positions it as a substantial contender for transformative therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana D Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alejandro Arenas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kenneth Shinozuka
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Burton J Tabaac
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV
- Department of Neurology, Carson Tahoe Health, Carson City, NV
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kirsten Cherian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Owen S Muir
- Fermata Health, Brooklyn, NY; and
- Acacia Clinics, Sunnyvale, CA
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2
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Teng Y, Niu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen J, Kong Y, Wang L, Lian B, Wang W, Sun H, Yue K. Ketamine alleviates fear memory and spatial cognition deficits in a PTSD rat model via the BDNF signaling pathway of the hippocampus and amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114792. [PMID: 38048914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with traumatic stress experiences. This condition can be accompanied by learning and cognitive deficits. Studies have demonstrated that ketamine can rapidly and significantly alleviate symptoms in patients with chronic PTSD. Nonetheless, the effects of ketamine on neurocognitive impairment and its mechanism of action in PTSD remain unclear. METHODS In this study, different concentrations of ketamine (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated in rat models of single prolonged stress and electrophonic shock (SPS&S). Expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMG) were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The data showed that rats subjected to SPS&S exhibited significant PTSD-like cognitive impairment. The effect of ketamine on SPS&S-induced neurocognitive function showed a U-shaped dose effect in rats. A single administration of ketamine at a dosage of 10-15 mg/kg resulted in significant changes in behavioral outcomes. These manifestations of improvement in cognitive function and molecular changes were reversed at high doses (15-20 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Overall, ketamine reversed SPS&S-induced fear and spatial memory impairment and the down-regulation of BDNF and BDNF-related PSD-95 signaling in the HIP and AMG. A dose equal to 15 mg/kg rapidly reversed the behavioral and molecular changes and promoted the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction. The enhanced association of BDNF signaling with PSD-95 effects could be involved in the therapeutic efficiency of ketamine for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Teng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - JiaYao Niu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - JinHong Chen
- School of Continuing Education, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - YuJia Kong
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Clinical Competency Training Center, Medical experiment and training center, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Bo Lian
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - WeiWen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - HongWei Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
| | - KuiTao Yue
- The Medical imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428# Yuhe Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
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Rothärmel M, Mekaoui L, Kazour F, Herrero M, Beetz-Lobono EM, Lengvenyte A, Holtzmann J, Raynaud P, Cuenca M, Bulteau S, de Maricourt P, Husson T, Olié E, Gohier B, Sauvaget A, Gaillard R, Richieri R, Szekely D, Samalin L, Guillin O, Moulier V, El-Hage W, Laurin A, Berkovitch L. Esketamine-induced post-traumatic stress disorder flashbacks during treatment-resistant depression indication: is it just a side effect? MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.09.24300998. [PMID: 38293161 PMCID: PMC10827260 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.24300998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe and frequent affection that is highly comorbid to major depressive disorder. Comorbid PTSD and depression are usually treatment-resistant, with a high risk of functional impairment and suicide. Esketamine nasal spray is a recent validated treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but its efficacy on comorbid TRD-PTSD remains insufficiently documented. In particular, flashbacks can occur during esketamine administration and their influence on clinical outcomes is unknown. Objectives Our main objective was to describe esketamine-induced traumatic flashbacks and their impact on clinical trajectories within a sample of patients with comorbid TRD-PTSD. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients receiving esketamine nasal spray for TRD with comorbid PTSD who experienced at least one flashback of their trauma during esketamine sessions across 11 psychiatric departments. Results Between February 2020 and March 2023, 22 adult patients with TRD met inclusion criteria. In sixteen patients (72.7%) flashbacks disappeared as the sessions progressed. In six patients (27.3%), esketamine treatment was stopped because of persistent flashbacks. When esketamine was continued, clinical response was observed both for depression and PTSD (depression response rate: 45.5% and remission rate: 22.7%; PTSD response rate: 45.5% and remission: 18.2%). Limitations The retrospective design of the study and the absence of a comparator group are the main limitations of our study. Conclusions Our results suggest that the occurrence of esketamine-induced traumatic flashbacks does not hinder clinical response. On the contrary, when managed appropriately and combined with targeted psychotherapy, it could even contribute to positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Rothärmel
- University Department of Psychiatry, Therapeutic Centre of Excellence, Institute of Psychiatry – Rouvray Hospital Centre, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Lila Mekaoui
- Mental and Brain Illness Clinic, Sainte-Anne Hospital, GHU Paris – Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - François Kazour
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Morgane Herrero
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Aiste Lengvenyte
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Holtzmann
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Grenoble, hôpital Nord, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Macarena Cuenca
- University Department of Psychiatry, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Bulteau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth Research, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre de Maricourt
- University Department of Psychiatry, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Husson
- University Department of Psychiatry, Therapeutic Centre of Excellence, Institute of Psychiatry – Rouvray Hospital Centre, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Gohier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth Research, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Raphaël Gaillard
- University Department of Psychiatry, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Service Universitaire de santé mentale et physique, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, APHM, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - David Szekely
- Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Service de psychiatrie, Principauté de Monaco
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Guillin
- University Department of Psychiatry, Therapeutic Centre of Excellence, Institute of Psychiatry – Rouvray Hospital Centre, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
- CHU Rouen, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Moulier
- University Department of Psychiatry, Therapeutic Centre of Excellence, Institute of Psychiatry – Rouvray Hospital Centre, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC), EPS Ville Evrard, Neuilly-sur-Marne, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Centre Régional de Psychotraumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional
- Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France, 3 INSERM U1253 Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), Tours, France
| | - Andrew Laurin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth Research, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Berkovitch
- University Department of Psychiatry, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
- Saclay CEA Centre, Neurospin, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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4
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Acevedo J, Mugarura NE, Welter AL, Johnson EM, Siegel JA. The Effects of Acute and Repeated Administration of Ketamine on Memory, Behavior, and Plasma Corticosterone Levels in Female Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 512:99-109. [PMID: 36496189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that has recently been approved for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. Females are diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder at higher rates than males, yet most of the pre-clinical research on ketamine has been conducted in male subjects. Additionally, the literature on the acute and long-term behavioral and cognitive effects of ketamine shows conflicting results. It is important to examine the acute and long-term cognitive and behavioral effects of ketamine exposure at lower sub-anesthetic doses, as the recreational use of the drug at higher doses is associated with cognitive and memory impairments. The current study examined the effects of acute and repeated ketamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior, novel object recognition memory, depression-like behavior, and plasma corticosterone levels in 20 adult female C57BL/6J mice. Mice were exposed acutely or repeatedly for 10 consecutive days to saline or 15 mg/kg ketamine and behavior was measured in the open field test, novel object recognition test, and the Porsolt forced swim test. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured following behavioral testing. Acute ketamine exposure decreased locomotor activity and increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test compared to controls, while repeated ketamine exposure impaired memory in the novel object recognition test. There were no effects of acute or repeated ketamine exposure on depression-like behavior in the Porsolt forced swim test or on plasma corticosterone levels. These findings suggest that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine alters behavior and cognition in female mice and the effects are dependent on the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Acevedo
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Naomi E Mugarura
- Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA.
| | - Alex L Welter
- Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA.
| | - Emily M Johnson
- Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA.
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The College of Science, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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5
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Birnie MT, Eapen AV, Kershaw YM, Lodge D, Collingridge GL, Conway‐Campbell BL, Lightman SL. Time of day influences stress hormone response to ketamine. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13194. [PMID: 36056546 PMCID: PMC9787621 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over 50% of depressed patients show hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Conventional therapy takes weeks to months to improve symptoms. Ketamine has rapid onset antidepressant effects. Yet its action on HPA axis activity is poorly understood. Here, we measured the corticosterone (CORT) response to ketamine administered at different times of day in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. In male rats, blood was collected every 10 min for 28 h using an automated blood sampling system. Ketamine (5/10/25 mg · kg) was infused through a subcutaneous cannula at two time points-during the active and inactive period. CORT levels in blood were measured in response to ketamine using a radioimmunoassay. WKY rats displayed robust circadian secretion of corticosterone and was not overly different to Sprague Dawley rats. Ketamine (all doses) significantly increased CORT response at both infusion times. However, a dose dependent effect and marked increase over baseline was observed when ketamine was administered during the inactive phase. Ketamine has a robust and rapid effect on HPA axis function. The timing of ketamine injection may prove crucial for glucocorticoid-mediated action in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alen V. Eapen
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - David Lodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Becky L. Conway‐Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroendocrinology, School of MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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6
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Radford KD, Berman RY, Jaiswal S, Kim SY, Zhang M, Spencer HF, Choi KH. Enhanced Fear Memories and Altered Brain Glucose Metabolism ( 18F-FDG-PET) following Subanesthetic Intravenous Ketamine Infusion in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031922. [PMID: 35163844 PMCID: PMC8836808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although women and men are equally likely to receive ketamine following traumatic injury, little is known regarding sex-related differences in the impact of ketamine on traumatic memory. We previously reported that subanesthetic doses of an intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion following fear conditioning impaired fear extinction and altered regional brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in male rats. Here, we investigated the effects of IV ketamine infusion on fear memory, stress hormone levels, and BGluM in female rats. Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats received a single IV ketamine infusion (0, 2, 10, or 20 mg/kg, over a 2-h period) following auditory fear conditioning (three pairings of tone and footshock). Levels of plasma stress hormones, corticosterone (CORT) and progesterone, were measured after the ketamine infusion. Two days after ketamine infusion, fear memory retrieval, extinction, and renewal were tested over a three-day period. The effects of IV ketamine infusion on BGluM were determined using 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT). The 2 and 10 mg/kg ketamine infusions reduced locomotor activity, while 20 mg/kg infusion produced reduction (first hour) followed by stimulation (second hour) of activity. The 10 and 20 mg/kg ketamine infusions significantly elevated plasma CORT and progesterone levels. All three doses enhanced fear memory retrieval, impaired fear extinction, and enhanced cued fear renewal in female rats. Ketamine infusion produced dose-dependent effects on BGluM in fear- and stress-sensitive brain regions of female rats. The current findings indicate that subanesthetic doses of IV ketamine produce robust effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and brain energy utilization that may contribute to enhanced fear memory observed in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennett D. Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Rina Y. Berman
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Shalini Jaiswal
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core (BRIC), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Sharon Y. Kim
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.Y.K.); (H.F.S.)
| | - Michael Zhang
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Haley F. Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.Y.K.); (H.F.S.)
| | - Kwang H. Choi
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.Y.K.); (H.F.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, F. E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-295-2682
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Chakraborty P, Chattarji S, Jeanneteau F. A salience hypothesis of stress in PTSD. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:8029-8051. [PMID: 34766390 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention to key features of contexts and things is a necessary tool for all organisms. Detecting these salient features of cues, or simply, salience, can also be affected by exposure to traumatic stress, as has been widely reported in individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Interestingly, similar observations have been robustly replicated across many animal models of stress as well. By using evidence from such rodent stress paradigms, in the present review, we explore PTSD through the lens of salience processing. In this context, we propose that interaction between the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoids determines the long lasting cellular and behavioural consequences of stress salience. We also describe the dual effect of glucocorticoid therapy in the amelioration of PTSD symptoms. Finally, by integrating in vivo observations at multiple scales of plasticity, we propose a unifying hypothesis that pivots on a crucial role of glucocorticoid signalling in dynamically orchestrating stress salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabahan Chakraborty
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, 34090, France.,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sumantra Chattarji
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, 34090, France
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Melanson B, Leri F. Effect of ketamine on the physiological responses to combined hypoglycemic and psychophysical stress. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:81-87. [PMID: 34485972 PMCID: PMC8406162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that hypoglycemic stress can interact with other stressors, and that ketamine can mitigate the impact of these stressors on behavior and physiology. The current study in male Sprague-Dawley rats investigated whether pre-treatment with 0, 10, or 20 mg/kg ketamine could modulate the interaction between hypoglycemia induced by 0 or 300 mg/kg 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and the psychophysical stress of forced swimming (FSS; 6 sessions, 10 min/session) on serum concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. It was found that 2-DG enhanced the CORT response to an initial session of FSS, and this effect dissipated after multiple sessions. More importantly, animals displayed significantly higher levels of CORT and lower levels of TNF-α in response to a drug-free test swim conducted 1 week after exposure to the combined stressors, and these responses were not observed in rats that were pre-treated with ketamine. Overall, these findings indicate that ketamine has the potential to reduce the negative impact of interacting stressors on the biological reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Melanson
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience, Program University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience, Program University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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9
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Kohtala S. Ketamine-50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:323-345. [PMID: 33609274 PMCID: PMC7994242 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine's effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine's complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine's action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kohtala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Morena M, Colucci P, Mancini GF, De Castro V, Peloso A, Schelling G, Campolongo P. Ketamine anesthesia enhances fear memory consolidation via noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107362. [PMID: 33333316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trauma patients treated with ketamine during emergency care present aggravated early post- traumatic stress reaction which is highly predictive of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development and severity. The use of ketamine in the acute trauma phase may directly or indirectly interfere with neural processes of memory consolidation of the traumatic event, thus leading to the formation of maladaptive memories, a hallmark symptom of PTSD. We have recently shown that ketamine anesthesia, immediately after a traumatic event, enhances memory consolidation and leads to long-lasting alterations of social behavior in rats. Based on the evidence that ketamine induces a robust central and peripheral adrenergic/noradrenergic potentiation and that activation of this system is essential for the formation of memory for stressful events, we explored the possibility that the strong sympathomimetic action of ketamine might underlie its memory enhancing effects. We found that rats given immediate, but not delayed, post-training ketamine anesthesia (125 mg/kg) presented enhanced 48-h memory retention in an inhibitory avoidance task and that these effects were blocked by adrenal medullectomy, lesions of the locus coeruleus, systemic or intra-basolateral amygdala ß-adrenergic receptor antagonism. Thus, the memory enhancing effects of ketamine anesthesia are time-dependent and mediated by a combined peripheral-central sympathomimetic action. We elucidated a mechanism by which ketamine exacerbates acute post-traumatic reaction, possibly leading to development of PTSD symptomatology later in life. These findings will help guide for a better management of sedation/anesthesia in emergency care to promote the prophylaxis and reduce the risk of developing trauma-related disorders in trauma victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morena
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Colucci
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina De Castro
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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11
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Choi KH, Berman RY, Zhang M, Spencer HF, Radford KD. Effects of Ketamine on Rodent Fear Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197173. [PMID: 32998470 PMCID: PMC7582895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a multimodal anesthetic drug, has become increasingly popular in the treatment of pain following traumatic injury as well as treatment-resistant major depressive disorders. However, the psychological impact of this dissociative medication on the development of stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains controversial. To address these concerns, preclinical studies have investigated the effects of ketamine administration on fear memory and stress-related behaviors in laboratory animals. Despite a well-documented line of research examining the effects of ketamine on fear memory, there is a lack of literature reviews on this important topic. Therefore, this review article summarizes the current preclinical literature on ketamine and fear memory with a particular emphasis on the route, dose, and timing of ketamine administration in rodent fear conditioning studies. Additionally, this review describes the molecular mechanisms by which ketamine may impact fear memory and stress-related behaviors. Overall, findings from previous studies are inconsistent in that fear memory may be increased, decreased, or unaltered following ketamine administration in rodents. These conflicting results can be explained by factors such as the route, dose, and timing of ketamine administration; the interaction between ketamine and stress; and individual variability in the rodent response to ketamine. This review also recommends that future preclinical studies utilize a clinically relevant route of administration and account for biological sex differences to improve translation between preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang H. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (K.H.C.); (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Rina Y. Berman
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (K.H.C.); (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (K.H.C.); (R.Y.B.); (M.Z.)
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Haley F. Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Kennett D. Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Silote GP, de Oliveira SFS, Ribeiro DE, Machado MS, Andreatini R, Joca SRL, Beijamini V. Ketamine effects on anxiety and fear-related behaviors: Current literature evidence and new findings. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109878. [PMID: 31982463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, presents a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in clinical and preclinical studies. Regarding ketamine effects on anxiety, there is a widespread discordance among pre-clinical studies. To address this issue, the present study reviewed the literature (electronic database MEDLINE) to summarize the profile of ketamine effects in animal tests of anxiety/fear. We found that ketamine anxiety/fear-related effects may depend on the anxiety paradigm, schedule of ketamine administration and tested species. Moreover, there was no report of ketamine effects in animal tests of fear related to panic disorder (PD). Based on that finding, we evaluated if treatment with ketamine and another NMDA antagonist, MK-801, would induce acute and sustained (24 hours later) anxiolytic and/or panicolytic-like effects in animals exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM evaluates, in the same animal, conflict-evoked and fear behaviors, which are related, respectively, to generalized anxiety disorder and PD. Male Wistar rats were systemically treated with racemic ketamine (10, 30 and 80 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and tested in the ETM in the same day or 24 hours after their administration. Ketamine did not affect the behavioral tasks performed in the ETM acutely or 24 h later. MK-801 impaired inhibitory avoidance in the ETM only at 45 min post-injection, suggesting a rapid but not sustained anxiolytic-like effect. Altogether our results suggest that ketamine might have mixed effects in anxiety tests while it does not affect panic-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Silote
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina F S de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Deidiane E Ribeiro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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13
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Feder A, Rutter SB, Schiller D, Charney DS. The emergence of ketamine as a novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. RAPID ACTING ANTIDEPRESSANTS 2020; 89:261-286. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Radford KD, Spencer HF, Zhang M, Berman RY, Girasek QL, Choi KH. Association between intravenous ketamine-induced stress hormone levels and long-term fear memory renewal in Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112259. [PMID: 31560919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a multimodal dissociative anesthetic and analgesic that is widely used after traumatic injury. We previously reported that an analgesic dose of intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion (10 mg/kg, 2-h) after fear conditioning enhanced short-term fear memory in rats. Here, we investigated the effects of the same dose of an IV ketamine infusion on plasma stress hormone levels and long-term fear memory in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (9-week-old with an average weight of 308 g upon arrival) received a ketamine infusion (0 or 10 mg/kg, 2-h) immediately after auditory fear conditioning (three auditory tone and footshock [0.6 mA, 1-s] pairings) on Day 0. After the infusion, a blood sample was collected from a jugular vein catheter for corticosterone and progesterone assays, and each animal was tested on tail flick to measure thermal antinociception. One week later, animals were tested on fear extinction acquisition (Day 7), fear extinction retrieval (Day 8), and fear renewal (Day 9). The IV ketamine infusion, compared to the saline infusion, reduced locomotor activity (sedation), increased tail flick latency (antinociception), and elevated plasma corticosterone and progesterone levels. The ketamine infusion did not alter long-term fear memory extinction or fear renewal. However, elevated corticosterone and progesterone levels resulting from the ketamine infusion were correlated with sedation, antinociception, and long-term fear memory renewal. These results suggest that individual differences in sensitivity to acute ketamine may predict vulnerability to develop fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennett D Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Haley F Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rina Y Berman
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Quinn L Girasek
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwang H Choi
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Zhang M, Radford KD, Driscoll M, Purnomo S, Kim J, Choi KH. Effects of subanesthetic intravenous ketamine infusion on neuroplasticity-related proteins in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:87-94. [PMID: 30723838 PMCID: PMC6350099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic, is a powerful analgesic administered following trauma due to its hemodynamic and respiratory stability. However, ketamine can cause hallucination and dissociation which may adversely impact traumatic memory after an injury. The effects of ketamine on proteins implicated in neural plasticity are unclear due to different doses, routes, and timing of drug administration in previous studies. Here, we investigated the effects of a single intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion on protein levels in three brain regions of rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with indwelling IV catheters underwent an auditory fear conditioning (three pairings of tone and mild footshock 0.8 mA, 0.5 s) and received a high dose of IV ketamine (0 or 40 mg/kg/2 h) infusion (Experiment 1). In a follow-up study, animals received a low dose of IV ketamine (0 or 10 mg/kg/2 h) infusion (Experiment 2). Two hours after the infusion, brain tissue from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala were collected for western blot analyses. Protein levels of a transcription factor (c-Fos), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) were quantified in these regions. The 40 mg/kg ketamine infusion increased c-Fos levels in the mPFC and amygdala as well as pERK levels in the mPFC and hippocampus. The 10 mg/kg ketamine infusion increased BDNF levels in the amygdala, but decreased pERK levels in the mPFC and hippocampus. These findings suggest that a clinically relevant route of ketamine administration produces dose-dependent and brain region-specific effects on proteins involved in neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Kennett D. Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Mercedes Driscoll
- National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Salsabila Purnomo
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Jean Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Kwang H. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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Veen C, Jacobs G, Philippens I, Vermetten E. Subanesthetic Dose Ketamine in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Role for Reconsolidation During Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:137-162. [PMID: 29637527 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2017_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to develop more effective therapies, PTSD remains a difficult disorder to treat. Insight into the dynamic nature of memory formation and its required molecular machinery can provide an opportunity to target pathological memories for emotionally arousing events. As memories become labile upon retrieval, novel information can update the strength and course of these consolidated memories. Targeting the process of reconsolidation may offer a relevant approach to attenuate fearful and traumatic memories. Specific molecular mechanisms that are required for reconsolidation of arousing information include an intact functioning of the glutamatergic signaling pathways and, more specifically, the integrity of NMDA receptors. Ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDA-receptor antagonist, is receiving increasing interest for a variety of psychiatric indications. This compound can also be an interesting candidate for targeting emotional memories. We explore whether single intravenous infusion of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine can be considered as a viable augmentation strategy for trauma-focused psychotherapy in patients with PTSD. As a consequence, a systematic approach is needed to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of ketamine in relation to both psychotherapy and its pharmacokinetics prior to its application in patient populations. By using a "question-based drug development plan," we can explore such aspects for novel drugs, and we formulated five additional topics that need to be addressed concerning the psychotherapeutic approach and phase orientation of pharmacological assisted psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato Veen
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Research Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
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17
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Radford KD, Park TY, Jaiswal S, Pan H, Knutsen A, Zhang M, Driscoll M, Osborne-Smith LA, Dardzinski BJ, Choi KH. Enhanced fear memories and brain glucose metabolism ( 18F-FDG-PET) following sub-anesthetic intravenous ketamine infusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:263. [PMID: 30504810 PMCID: PMC6269482 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a multimodal dissociative anesthetic, which provides powerful analgesia for victims with traumatic injury. However, the impact of ketamine administration in the peri-trauma period on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains controversial. Moreover, there is a major gap between preclinical and clinical studies because they utilize different doses and routes of ketamine administration. Here, we investigated the effects of sub-anesthetic doses of intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion on fear memory and brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an IV ketamine infusion (0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg, 2 h) or an intraperitoneal (IP) injection (0 and 10 mg/kg) following an auditory fear conditioning (3 pairings of tone and foot shock [0.6 mA, 1 s]) on day 0. Fear memory retrieval, fear extinction, and fear recall were tested on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The effects of IV ketamine infusion (0 and 10 mg/kg) on BGluM were measured using 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT). The IV ketamine infusion dose-dependently enhanced fear memory retrieval, delayed fear extinction, and increased fear recall in rats. The IV ketamine (10 mg/kg) increased BGluM in the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, while decreasing it in the cerebellum. On the contrary, a single ketamine injection (10 mg/kg, IP) after fear conditioning facilitated fear memory extinction in rats. The current findings suggest that ketamine may produce differential effects on fear memory depending on the route and duration of ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennett D. Radford
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Thomas Y. Park
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Shalini Jaiswal
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Hongna Pan
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Andrew Knutsen
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Mercedes Driscoll
- 0000 0001 0560 6544grid.414467.4National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Lisa A. Osborne-Smith
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Nurse Anesthesia Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Bernard J. Dardzinski
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Kwang H. Choi
- 0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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Arnaud F, Pappas G, Chen Y, Maudlin-Jeronimo E, McCarron R. Effect of acute restraint stress in a polytrauma rat model. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:91-97. [PMID: 30018022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A stressful environment may contribute to poor outcomes after TBI. The current study evaluates the impact of acute stress in a polytrauma rat model. METHODS Rats were stressed by a 45-minute immobilization period before instrumentation under ketamine (t1). Polytrauma was produced by blast overpressure and controlled hemorrhage (t2). Rats were euthanized immediately after a 3 h simulated Medevac-transport time (t3) or after 72 h post-trauma (t4). Corticosterone, ACTH, and ACTH receptor gene expression were measured at these time points. Physiological parameters were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS HR was higher in stressed compared to unstressed animals at t1. Corticosterone and ACTH levels were similar for all conditions at t1 and t2; ACTH and corticosterone became elevated in all groups at t3 and at t4, respectively. The ACTH receptor gene expression trended towards higher values at t4 for the stressed animals whether being injured or not. Survival after injury was 83% in both unstressed and stressed animals. CONCLUSION Overall, corticosterone was not significantly affected following acute stress in ketamine-anesthetized rats. Early mortality was primarily due to polytrauma and change in the animal's biochemical parameters appeared at t4 post trauma. The findings indicate that ketamine-anesthesia and/or surgery may have overshadowed the effect of the initial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Arnaud
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, 20889 MD, United States.
| | - Georgina Pappas
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States
| | - Ye Chen
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States
| | - Eric Maudlin-Jeronimo
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States
| | - Richard McCarron
- Naval Medical Research Center, NeuroTrauma Department, Silver Spring, 20910, MD, United States; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, 20889 MD, United States
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Cohen SP, Bhatia A, Buvanendran A, Schwenk ES, Wasan AD, Hurley RW, Viscusi ER, Narouze S, Davis FN, Ritchie EC, Lubenow TR, Hooten WM. Consensus Guidelines on the Use of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions for Chronic Pain From the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 43:521-546. [PMID: 29870458 PMCID: PMC6023575 DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 2 decades, the use of intravenous ketamine infusions as a treatment for chronic pain has increased dramatically, with wide variation in patient selection, dosing, and monitoring. This has led to a chorus of calls from various sources for the development of consensus guidelines. METHODS In November 2016, the charge for developing consensus guidelines was approved by the boards of directors of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and, shortly thereafter, the American Academy of Pain Medicine. In late 2017, the completed document was sent to the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committees on Pain Medicine and Standards and Practice Parameters, after which additional modifications were made. Panel members were selected by the committee chair and both boards of directors based on their expertise in evaluating clinical trials, past research experience, and clinical experience in developing protocols and treating patients with ketamine. Questions were developed and refined by the committee, and the groups responsible for addressing each question consisted of modules composed of 3 to 5 panel members in addition to the committee chair. Once a preliminary consensus was achieved, sections were sent to the entire panel, and further revisions were made. In addition to consensus guidelines, a comprehensive narrative review was performed, which formed part of the basis for guidelines. RESULTS Guidelines were prepared for the following areas: indications; contraindications; whether there was evidence for a dose-response relationship, or a minimum or therapeutic dose range; whether oral ketamine or another N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist was a reasonable treatment option as a follow-up to infusions; preinfusion testing requirements; settings and personnel necessary to administer and monitor treatment; the use of preemptive and rescue medications to address adverse effects; and what constitutes a positive treatment response. The group was able to reach consensus on all questions. CONCLUSIONS Evidence supports the use of ketamine for chronic pain, but the level of evidence varies by condition and dose range. Most studies evaluating the efficacy of ketamine were small and uncontrolled and were either unblinded or ineffectively blinded. Adverse effects were few and the rate of serious adverse effects was similar to placebo in most studies, with higher dosages and more frequent infusions associated with greater risks. Larger studies, evaluating a wider variety of conditions, are needed to better quantify efficacy, improve patient selection, refine the therapeutic dose range, determine the effectiveness of nonintravenous ketamine alternatives, and develop a greater understanding of the long-term risks of repeated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Cohen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; and
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anuj Bhatia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric S. Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; and
| | - Ajay D. Wasan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert W. Hurley
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Eugene R. Viscusi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; and
| | - Samer Narouze
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, Western Reserve Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Fred N. Davis
- Procare Pain Solutions and
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Elspeth C. Ritchie
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; and
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC; and
| | | | - William M. Hooten
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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20
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Lee B, Lee H. Systemic Administration of Curcumin Affect Anxiety-Related Behaviors in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder via Activation of Serotonergic Systems. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:9041309. [PMID: 30018659 PMCID: PMC6029466 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disease characterized by impaired hyperarousal, fear extermination, depression, anxiety, and amnesic symptoms that may include the release of monoamines in the dread circuit. Curcumin (CUR), a major diarylheptanoid and polyphenolic component of Curcuma longa, reportedly possesses several pharmacological features, including antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, anticancer, and neuropsychiatric actions. But the anxiolytic-like effects of CUR and its mechanism of action in PTSD are unclear. The current research measured some anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of CUR on symptoms of anxiety in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure by reversing the serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction. Rats received CUR (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg, i.p., once daily) for 14 days after SPS exposure. Administration of CUR significantly increased the number of central zone crossings in the open field test and reduced grooming behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and increased the number of open-arm visits on the EPM test. CUR administration significantly reduced freezing response to contextual fear conditioning. CUR recovered neurochemical abnormalities and SPS-induced decreased 5-HT tissue levels in the hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum. These results suggested that CUR has anxiolytic-like effects on biochemical and behavioral symptoms associated with anxiety. Thus, CUR may be a useful agent to alleviate or treat psychiatric disorders similar to those observed in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kredlow MA, Eichenbaum H, Otto MW. Memory creation and modification: Enhancing the treatment of psychological disorders. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:269-285. [PMID: 29494172 PMCID: PMC5897133 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the ongoing influence of maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns is a fundamental feature of many psychological treatments. Accordingly, a clear understanding of the nature of memory adaptation and accommodation to therapeutic learning becomes an important issue for (1) understanding the impact of clinical interventions, and (2) considering innovations in treatment strategies. In this article, we consider advances in the conceptualization of memory processes and memory modification research relative to clinical treatment. We review basic research on the formation of memories, the way in which new learning is integrated within memory structures, and strategies to influence the nature and degree to which new learning is integrated. We then discuss cognitive/behavioral and pharmacological strategies for influencing memory formation in relation to disorder prevention or treatment. Our goal is to foster awareness of current strategies for enhancing therapeutic learning and to encourage research on potential new avenues for memory enhancement in service of the treatment of mental health disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
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22
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Faye C, McGowan JC, Denny CA, David DJ. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Implications for the Aged Population. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:234-270. [PMID: 28820053 PMCID: PMC5843978 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170818095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a common reaction to an environmental adversity, but a dysregulation of the stress response can lead to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders. Yet, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders; those with enhanced stress resilience mechanisms have the ability to adapt successfully to stress without developing persistent psychopathology. Notably, the potential to enhance stress resilience in at-risk populations may prevent the onset of stress-induced psychiatric disorders. This novel idea has prompted a number of studies probing the mechanisms of stress resilience and how it can be manipulated. METHODS Here, we review the neurobiological factors underlying stress resilience, with particular focus on the serotoninergic (5-HT), glutamatergic, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) in rodents and in humans. Finally, we discuss stress resiliency in the context of aging, as the likelihood of mood disorders increases in older adults. RESULTS Interestingly, increased resiliency has been shown to slow aging and improved overall health and quality of life. Research in the neurobiology of stress resilience, particularly throughout the aging process, is a nascent, yet, burgeoning field. CONCLUSION Overall, we consider the possible methods that may be used to induce resilient phenotypes, prophylactically in at-risk populations, such as in military personnel or in older MDD patients. Research in the mechanisms of stress resilience may not only elucidate novel targets for antidepressant treatments, but also provide novel insight about how to prevent these debilitating disorders from developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Faye
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Josephine C. McGowan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A. Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis J. David
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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23
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Psychedelics and reconsolidation of traumatic and appetitive maladaptive memories: focus on cannabinoids and ketamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:433-445. [PMID: 29178010 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical data with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients recently stimulated interest on the potential therapeutic use of psychedelics in disorders characterized by maladaptive memories, including substance use disorders (SUD). The rationale for the use of MDMA in PTSD and SUD is being extended to a broader beneficial "psychedelic effect," which is supporting further clinical investigations, in spite of the lack of mechanistic hypothesis. Considering that the retrieval of emotional memories reactivates specific brain mechanisms vulnerable to inhibition, interference, or strengthening (i.e., the reconsolidation process), it was proposed that the ability to retrieve and change these maladaptive memories might be a novel intervention for PTSD and SUD. The mechanisms underlying MDMA effects indicate memory reconsolidation modulation as a hypothetical process underlying its efficacy. OBJECTIVE Mechanistic and clinical studies with other two classes of psychedelic substances, namely cannabinoids and ketamine, are providing data in support of a potential use in PTSD and SUD based on the modulation of traumatic and appetitive memory reconsolidation, respectively. Here, we review preclinical and clinical data on cannabinoids and ketamine effects on biobehavioral processes related to the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories. RESULTS We report the findings supporting (or not) the working hypothesis linking the potential therapeutic effect of these substances to the underlying reconsolidation process. We also proposed possible approaches for testing the use of these two classes of drugs within the current paradigm of reconsolidation memory inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Metaplasticity may be the process in common between cannabinoids and ketamine/ketamine-like substance effects on the mediation and potential manipulation of maladaptive memories.
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Fattore L, Piva A, Zanda MT, Fumagalli G, Chiamulera C. Psychedelics and reconsolidation of traumatic and appetitive maladaptive memories: focus on cannabinoids and ketamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017. [PMID: 29178010 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4793-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical data with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients recently stimulated interest on the potential therapeutic use of psychedelics in disorders characterized by maladaptive memories, including substance use disorders (SUD). The rationale for the use of MDMA in PTSD and SUD is being extended to a broader beneficial "psychedelic effect," which is supporting further clinical investigations, in spite of the lack of mechanistic hypothesis. Considering that the retrieval of emotional memories reactivates specific brain mechanisms vulnerable to inhibition, interference, or strengthening (i.e., the reconsolidation process), it was proposed that the ability to retrieve and change these maladaptive memories might be a novel intervention for PTSD and SUD. The mechanisms underlying MDMA effects indicate memory reconsolidation modulation as a hypothetical process underlying its efficacy. OBJECTIVE Mechanistic and clinical studies with other two classes of psychedelic substances, namely cannabinoids and ketamine, are providing data in support of a potential use in PTSD and SUD based on the modulation of traumatic and appetitive memory reconsolidation, respectively. Here, we review preclinical and clinical data on cannabinoids and ketamine effects on biobehavioral processes related to the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories. RESULTS We report the findings supporting (or not) the working hypothesis linking the potential therapeutic effect of these substances to the underlying reconsolidation process. We also proposed possible approaches for testing the use of these two classes of drugs within the current paradigm of reconsolidation memory inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Metaplasticity may be the process in common between cannabinoids and ketamine/ketamine-like substance effects on the mediation and potential manipulation of maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Fattore
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piva
- Sezione Farmacologia, Dipt. Diagnostica e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Sezione Farmacologia, Dipt. Diagnostica e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Sezione Farmacologia, Dipt. Diagnostica e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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25
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Saur L, Neves LT, Greggio S, Venturin GT, Jeckel CMM, Costa Da Costa J, Bertoldi K, Schallenberger B, Siqueira IR, Mestriner RG, Xavier LL. Ketamine promotes increased freezing behavior in rats with experimental PTSD without changing brain glucose metabolism or BDNF. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:6-11. [PMID: 28823895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute treatment with ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has been reported to be efficacious in treating depression. The goal of our study was to evaluate ketamine treatment in an animal model of another important psychiatric disease, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-eight male rats were initially divided into four groups: Control+Saline (CTRL+SAL), Control+Ketamine (CTRL+KET), PTSD+Saline (PTSD+SAL) and PTSD+Ketamine (PTSD+KET). To mimic PTSD we employed the inescapable footshock protocol. The PTSD animals were classified according to freezing behavior duration into "extreme behavioral response" (EBR) or "minimal behavioral response" (MBR). Afterwards, the glucose metabolism and BDNF were evaluated in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and amygdala. Our results show that animals classified as EBR exhibited increased freezing behavior and that ketamine treatment further increased freezing duration. Glucose metabolism and BDNF levels showed no significant differences. These results suggest ketamine might aggravate PTSD symptoms and that this effect is unrelated to alterations in glucose metabolism or BDNF protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiani Saur
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, FaBio, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Tartari Neves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, FaBio, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul- PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karine Bertoldi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, FaBio, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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26
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McGowan JC, LaGamma CT, Lim SC, Tsitsiklis M, Neria Y, Brachman RA, Denny CA. Prophylactic Ketamine Attenuates Learned Fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1577-1589. [PMID: 28128336 PMCID: PMC5518899 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has been reported to be an efficacious antidepressant for major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Most recently, ketamine has also been shown to be prophylactic against stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. It remains unknown, however, when ketamine should be administered relative to a stressor in order to maximize its antidepressant and/or prophylactic effects. Moreover, it is unknown whether ketamine can be prophylactic against subsequent stressors. We systematically administered ketamine at different time points relative to a fear experience, in order to determine when ketamine is most effective at reducing fear expression or preventing fear reactivation. Using a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm, mice were administered a single dose of saline or ketamine (30 mg/kg) at varying time points before or after CFC. Mice administered prophylactic ketamine 1 week, but not 1 month or 1 h before CFC, exhibited reduced freezing behavior when compared with mice administered saline. In contrast, ketamine administration following CFC or during extinction did not alter subsequent fear expression. However, ketamine administered before reinstatement increased the number of rearing bouts in an open field, possibly suggesting an increase in attentiveness. These data indicate that ketamine can buffer a fear response when given a week before as prophylactic, but not when given immediately before or after a stress-inducing episode. Thus, ketamine may be most useful in the clinic if administered in a prophylactic manner 1 week before a stressor, in order to protect against heightened fear responses to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C McGowan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina T LaGamma
- Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean C Lim
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Melina Tsitsiklis
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Brachman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A Denny
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, Room 777, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, NY 10032, USA, Tel: +1 646 774 7100, Fax: +1 646 774 7102, E-mail:
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27
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Effects of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and propofol anesthesia on emotional memory consolidation in rats: Consequences for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Ju LS, Yang JJ, Lei L, Xia JY, Luo D, Ji MH, Martynyuk AE, Yang JJ. The Combination of Long-term Ketamine and Extinction Training Contributes to Fear Erasure by Bdnf Methylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:100. [PMID: 28473755 PMCID: PMC5398013 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of antidepressant drugs and psychotherapy exhibits more promising efficacy in treating fear disorders than either treatment alone, but underlying mechanisms of such treatments remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the role of DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene in the therapeutic effects of ketamine in combination with extinction training in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) induced by inescapable electric foot shocks (IFS). Male mice received ketamine for 22 consecutive days starting 1 h after the IFS (long-term ketamine treatment) or 2 h prior to the extinction training on days 15 and 16 after the IFS (short-term ketamine treatment). The Open Field (OF) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests were conducted on days 18 and 20. The spontaneous recovery and fear renewal tests were performed on day 23. Mice, subjected to IFS, exhibited anxiety-like behavior and fear relapse, accompanied by the increased levels of DNA methyltransferases, hyper-methylation of Bdnf gene, and decreased BDNF mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Long-term treatment with ketamine combined with extinction training alleviated the IFS-induced abnormalities. These results suggest that long-term ketamine treatment in combination with extinction training may ameliorate fear relapse in the murine model of PTSD, at least in part, by normalizing DNA methylation of Bdnf gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sha Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of MedicineGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Anatoly E Martynyuk
- Department of Anesthesiology and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of MedicineGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
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29
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Jin ZL, Liu JX, Liu X, Zhang LM, Ran YH, Zheng YY, Tang Y, Li YF, Xiong J. Anxiolytic effects of GLYX-13 in animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder-like behavior. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:913-21. [PMID: 27147594 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116645298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of GLYX-13, an NMDA receptor glycine site functional partial agonist, to alleviate the enhanced anxiety and fear response in both a mouse and rat model of stress-induced behavioral changes that might be relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies over the last decades have suggested that the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the most consistent findings in stress-related disease. Herein, we used these animal models to further investigate the effect of GLYX-13 on the stress hormone levels and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. We found that exposure to foot shock induced long-lasting behavioral deficiencies in mice, including freezing and anxiety-like behaviors, that were significantly ameliorated by the long-term administration of GLYX-13 (5 or 10 mg/kg). Our enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that long-term administration of GLYX-13 at behaviorally effective doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the elevated serum levels of both corticosterone and its upstream stress hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone in rats subjected to the TDS procedure. These results suggest that GLYX-13 exerts a therapeutic effect on PTSD-like stress responding that is accompanied by (or associated with) modulation of the HPA axis, including inhibition of stress hormone levels and upregulation of hippocampal GR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Liang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xu Liu
- Pingdu People's Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hua Ran
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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30
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Gastrodin reversed the traumatic stress-induced depressed-like symptoms in rats. J Nat Med 2016; 70:749-59. [PMID: 27417451 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to severe stress can lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in at-risk individuals. Gastrodin (GAS), a primary constituent of an Oriental herbal medicine, has been shown to effectively treat various mood disorders. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether GAS would ameliorate stress-associated depression-like behaviors in a rat model of single prolonged stress (SPS)-induced PTSD. Following the SPS procedure, rats received intraperitoneal administration of GAS (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the rats performed the forced swimming test, and norepinephrine (NE) levels in the hippocampus were measured. Daily GAS (100 mg/kg) significantly reversed depression-like behaviors and restored SPS-induced increases in hippocampal NE concentrations as well as tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, the administration of GAS attenuated SPS-induced decreases in the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y and the hippocampal mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These findings indicate that GAS possesses antidepressant effects in the PTSD and may be an effective herbal preparation for the treatment of PTSD.
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31
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Lee B, Sur B, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effects of systemic administration of ibuprofen on stress response in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:357-66. [PMID: 27382352 PMCID: PMC4930904 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are modulated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the effects of ibuprofen (IBU) on enhanced anxiety in a rat model of PTSD induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure. The effects of IBU on inflammation and BDNF modulation in the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying for anxiolytic action of IBU were also investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given IBU (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p., once daily) for 14 days. Daily IBU (40 mg/kg) administration signifi cantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index in the EPM test, and increased the time spent in the center of an open fi eld after SPS. IBU administration signifi cantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and BDNF, in the hippocampus, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. These fi ndings suggest that IBU exerts a therapeutic effect on PTSD that might be at least partially mediated by alleviation of anxiety symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory activity and BDNF expression in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Bongjun Sur
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.; The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.; The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Duclot F, Perez-Taboada I, Wright KN, Kabbaj M. Prediction of individual differences in fear response by novelty seeking, and disruption of contextual fear memory reconsolidation by ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:293-305. [PMID: 27343386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Only a portion of the population exposed to trauma will develop persistent emotional alterations characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which illustrates the necessity for identifying vulnerability factors and novel pharmacotherapeutic alternatives. Interestingly, clinical evidence suggests that novelty seeking is a good predictor for vulnerability to the development of excessive and persistent fear. Here, we first tested this hypothesis by analyzing contextual and cued fear responses of rats selected for their high (high responders, HR) or low (low responders, LR) exploration of a novel environment, indicator of novelty seeking. While HR and LR rats exhibited similar sensitivity to the shock and cued fear memory retention, fewer extinction sessions were required in HR than LR animals to reach extinction, indicating faster contextual and cued memory extinction. In a second part, we found an effective disruption of contextual fear reconsolidation by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine, associated with a down-regulation of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in the hippocampal CA1 area, and up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA levels in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices. Altogether, these data demonstrate a link between novelty seeking and conditioned fear extinction, and highlight a promising novel role of ketamine in affecting established fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Duclot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Iara Perez-Taboada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Katherine N Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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Howlett JR, Stein MB. Prevention of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders: A Review. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:357-69. [PMID: 26315508 PMCID: PMC4677144 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, frequently chronic, and disabling condition which, along with acute stress disorder (ASD), is categorized as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder by the DSM-5. These disorders are unique in requiring exposure to a severe stressor, which implies that potential sufferers could be identified and helped before developing a disorder. Research on prevention strategies for stress-related disorders has taken a number of avenues, including intervention before and after trauma and the use of both psychosocial and somatic approaches. Despite advances in neurobiological understanding of response to trauma, clinical evidence for preventive interventions remains sparse. This review provides an overview of prevention approaches and summarizes the existing literature on prevention of ASD and PTSD, including clinical and preclinical studies. Given the potential benefits to trauma survivors and society, the development of effective preventive interventions should be given greater priority. Resources should be directed to adequately test promising interventions in clinical trials, and research should be conducted according to translational research principles in which preclinical research informs the design of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Howlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ, Homechaudhuri S, Stewart AM, Collier AD, Kaluyeva AA, Li S, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang J, Yang L, Mitra A, Pal S, Chaudhuri A, Roy A, Biswas M, Roy D, Podder A, Poudel MK, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Kyzar EJ, Gaikwad S, Nguyen M, Song C. Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:297-309. [PMID: 26372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as an important model organism for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. The behavioral/phenotypic complexity of zebrafish allows for thorough dissection of complex human brain disorders and drug-evoked pathological states. As numerous zebrafish models become available with a wide spectrum of behavioral, genetic, and environmental methods to test novel drugs, here we discuss recent zebrafish phenomics methods to facilitate drug discovery, particularly in the field of biological psychiatry. Additionally, behavioral, neurological, and endocrine endpoints are becoming increasingly well-characterized in zebrafish, making them an inexpensive, robust and effective model for toxicology research and pharmacological screening. We also discuss zebrafish behavioral phenotypes, experimental considerations, pharmacological candidates and relevance of zebrafish neurophenomics to other 'omics' (e.g., genomic, proteomic) approaches. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations of utilizing this model organism, and outline future strategies of research in the field of zebrafish phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Chemical-Technological Institute and Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - David J Echevarria
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Sumit Homechaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Shaomin Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Yingcong Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Anisa Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subharthi Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adwitiya Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Missidona Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dola Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anupam Podder
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Ruchi J Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Siddharth Gaikwad
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Lee B, Sur B, Cho SG, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Ginsenoside Rb1 rescues anxiety-like responses in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Nat Med 2015; 70:133-44. [PMID: 26611866 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Single prolonged stress (SPS), a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), induces alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), is one of the widely used traditional anxiolytics. However, the efficacy of GRb1 in alleviating PTSD-associated anxiety-like abnormalities has not been investigated. The present study used several behavioral tests to examine the effects of GRb1 on symptoms of anxiety in rats after SPS exposure and on the central noradrenergic system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received GRb1 (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p., once daily) during 14 days of SPS. Daily GRb1 (30 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open-arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index, increased the risk assessment, reduced grooming behaviors in the EPM test, and increased the total number of line crossings of an open field after SPS. The higher dose of GRb1 also blocked SPS-induced decreases in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression, increases in locus coeruleus tyrosine hydroxylase expression, and decreases in hippocampal mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These findings suggest that GRb1 has anxiolytic-like effects on both behavioral and biochemical symptoms similar to those observed in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bongjun Sur
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Guk Cho
- The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.,The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. .,The Graduate School of Basic Science of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Saur L, Baptista PPA, Bagatini PB, Neves LT, de Oliveira RM, Vaz SP, Ferreira K, Machado SA, Mestriner RG, Xavier LL. Experimental Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Decreases Astrocyte Density and Changes Astrocytic Polarity in the CA1 Hippocampus of Male Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:892-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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