1
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Li X, Jiang G, Wang G, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhao D. Promising cellulose-based functional gels for advanced biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129600. [PMID: 38266849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Novel biomedical materials provide a new horizon for the diagnosis/treatment of diseases and tissue repair in medical engineering. As the most abundant biomass polymer on earth, cellulose is characterized by natural biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and structure-performance designability. Owing to these outstanding features, cellulose as a biomacromolecule can be designed as functional biomaterials via hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interaction or chemical modification for human tissue repair, implantable tissue organs, and controlling drug release. Moreover, cellulose can also be used to construct medical sensors for monitoring human physiological signals. In this study, the structural characteristics, functionalization approaches, and advanced biomedical applications of cellulose are reviewed. The current status and application prospects of cellulose and its functional materials for wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and electronic skin (e-skin) are discussed. Finally, the key technologies and methods used for designing cellulosic biomaterials and broadening their application prospects in biomedical fields are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Geyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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2
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Taha M, Fouly A, Abdo HS, Alnaser IA, Abouzeid R, Nabhan A. Unveiling the Potential of Rice Straw Nanofiber-Reinforced HDPE for Biomedical Applications: Investigating Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37504861 PMCID: PMC10381549 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient utilization of rice waste has the potential to significantly contribute to environmental sustainability by minimizing the waste impact on the environment. Through repurposing such waste, novel materials can be developed for various biomedical applications. This approach not only mitigates waste, but it also promotes the adoption of sustainable materials within the industry. In this research, rice-straw-derived nanofibers (RSNFs) were utilized as a reinforcement material for high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The rice-straw-derived nanofibers were incorporated at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) into the HDPE. The composites were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion (to ensure homogenous distribution) and the injection-molding process (to crease the test samples). Then, the mechanical strengths and frictional performances of the bio-composites were assessed. Different characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphology of the RSNFs. Thermal analyses (TGA/DTG/DSC), the contact angle, and XRD were utilized to study the performances of the HDPE/RSNF composites. The study findings demonstrated that the addition of RSNFs as a reinforcement to the HDPE improved the hydrophilicity, strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the proposed bio-composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Sadat Road, Aswan 81511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fouly
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S Abdo
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alnaser
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragab Abouzeid
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ahmed Nabhan
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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3
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Lima MHA, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Mariano M, da Silva MC, de Menezes AJ. Functionalized Cellulose Nanofibrils Obtained from Cellulose Oxypropylated. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Xie Z, Wang X, Chen Z, Jiang H. Palmitoylated cellulose nanocrystal/polycarbonate composite with high mechanical performance and good transparency. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Xingjuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Zhangyun Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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5
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Fire Behavior and Failure Model of Multilayered Wood Flour/HDPE/Polycarbonate Composites with a Sandwich Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142833. [PMID: 35890609 PMCID: PMC9323810 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The flame retardancy of wood–polymer composites significantly affects their potential applications. Thus, multilayered wood flour/high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/polycarbonate (PC) composites were prepared via thermocompression to improve the fire retardancy of wood–polymer composites in this paper. Thermal degradation behavior, flame retardancy, and flexural strengths of the resulting composites were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry, and mechanical testing machine, respectively. Results revealed that the boric acid treatment reduced the heat release rate and total heat release of the wood flour/HDPE composites and increased their mass of residues. However, boric acid reduced the flexural strength of the resulting composites. The combustion test indicated that PC cap layers suppressed the combustion of the resulting composites via the formation of carbon layers. Adding PC layers reduced heat release and increased the flexural strength of the resulting composites. Finally, the failure mode of the multilayered wood flour/HDPE/PC composites in the three-point flexural test was simulated by finite element analysis.
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6
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Redondo A, Mortensen N, Djeghdi K, Jang D, Ortuso RD, Weder C, Korley LTJ, Steiner U, Gunkel I. Comparing Percolation and Alignment of Cellulose Nanocrystals for the Reinforcement of Polyurethane Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7270-7282. [PMID: 35077647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites can be achieved through alignment or percolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Here, we compare the efficacy of these reinforcement mechanisms in thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer nanocomposites containing thermally stable cotton CNCs. CNC alignment was achieved by melt spinning nanocomposite fibers, while a percolating CNC network was generated by solvent casting nanocomposite films with CNC contents up to 20 wt %. While in films both the CNCs and the PU matrix were entirely isotropic at all concentrations as confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering and birefringence analysis, the CNCs in the fibers exhibited a preferential orientation, which improved with increasing CNC concentration. Increasing the CNC concentration in the fibers reduces, however, the alignment of the PU chains, resulting in an entirely isotropic PU matrix at high CNC contents. The mechanical properties of films and fibers were evaluated using stress-strain measurements. Nanocomposite fibers with low CNC content exhibited superior stiffness, extensibility, and strength compared to the films, while the films displayed superior mechanical properties at high CNC concentrations. These findings are rationalized using common semiempirical models describing the reinforcing effects of CNC alignment in fibers (Halpin-Tsai) and CNC percolation in films (percolation model). The formation of a percolating CNC network leads to a stronger reinforcement than CNC alignment, as the reinforcing effect of the latter is limited by the comparably low aspect ratio of CNCs extracted from cotton. As a consequence, above the percolation threshold for cotton CNCs, isotropic nanocomposite PU films show a higher stiffness than aligned nanocomposite PU fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Redondo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Mortensen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kenza Djeghdi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Roberto D Ortuso
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Mechanical Performance of Fused Filament Fabricated and 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Polymer and Polycarbonate/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites were fabricated with polycarbonate (PC) as the matrix material. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) at low filler loadings (0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) was used as the filler. Samples were produced using melt mixing extrusion with the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. The optimum 3D-printing parameters were experimentally determined and the required specimens for each tested material were manufactured using FFF 3D printing. Tests conducted for mechanical performance were tensile, flexural, impact, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests, while images of the side and the fracture area of the specimens were acquired using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), aiming to determine the morphology of the specimens and the fracture mechanism. It was concluded that the filler’s ratio addition of 0.5 wt.% created the optimum performance when compared to pure PC and PC CNF 1.0 wt.% nanocomposite material.
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8
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Zhang J, Koubaa A, Xing D, Godard F, Li P, Tao Y, Wang XM, Wang H. Fire Retardancy, Water Absorption, and Viscoelasticity of Borated Wood-Polycarbonate Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142234. [PMID: 34300991 PMCID: PMC8309212 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for high-performance biocomposites is increasing due to their ease of processing, low environmental impact, and in-service performance. This study investigated the effect of boric acid modification of wood flour on polycarbonate (PC) wood composites’ thermal stability, fire retardancy, water absorption, and creep behavior. The composites’ fire retardancy increased with increasing wood flour content, and their char residue increased by 102.3% compared to that of pure PC. However, the water absorption of the resulting composites increased due to the hydroxyl groups of the wood flour. Wood flour also improved the composites’ anti-creep properties. The excellent fire retardancy and anti-creep properties of wood–PC composites expand their use in the construction sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfa Zhang
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada; (J.Z.); (F.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ahmed Koubaa
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada; (J.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.X.)
| | - Dan Xing
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada; (J.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.X.)
| | - François Godard
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada; (J.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yubo Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xiang-Ming Wang
- New Construction Materials Group, FPInnovations, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada;
| | - Haigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
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9
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Gauche C, Felisberti MI. Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals Grafted with Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11893-11905. [PMID: 31460300 PMCID: PMC6682102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer grafting onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has been used as a tool to improve CNC dispersion in nonpolar solvents or polymeric matrixes. The grafting of flexible polymer chains onto rigid particle surfaces leads to significant modifications in colloidal behavior. Here, poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s of well-defined molar mass and narrow molar mass distribution were synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization and grafted onto CNC surfaces, where the coupling reaction was favored when partially hydrolyzed polymers were used (reaching 64% reaction yield). The particles grafted with polymer chains could be redispersed in water after freeze-drying, producing stable dispersions, and they were not cell-toxic up to 10 wt % aqueous dispersion. Colloidal stability, nanostructure organization, and rheological behavior of grafted CNC and CNC-grafted CNC mixtures were evaluated. The rheological behavior of grafted nanoparticles, meanwhile, showed new features when compared to original CNC dispersions. Aqueous CNC dispersions showed a liquid crystal nematic organization and rheological behavior characteristic of true gel (at 5 wt %) prior to drying. On the other hand, nanoparticle dispersions behaved as weak gels upon the addition of 10 wt % of CNC-g-(PEtOx95-s-Ei5) under the same conditions. Dispersions of CNC-g-P(PEtOx-s-Ei) particles obtained by redispersion of freeze-dried particles behaved as a fluid, without the presence of the nematic organization. Through oscillatory rheology and time-domain NMR results, it can be concluded that polymer-water interactions are dominant over CNC-water interactions, being responsible for CNC nematic phase disruption. By introducing polymer chains, the introduction of isotropic character modifies water organization, changing the flow behavior of CNC-grafted with poly(oxazoline)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cony Gauche
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Ferreira FV, Mariano M, Pinheiro IF, Cazalini EM, Souza DH, Lepesqueur LS, Koga‐Ito CY, Gouveia RF, Lona LM. Cellulose nanocrystal‐based poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) nanocomposites covered with antimicrobial silver thin films. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcos Mariano
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ivanei F. Pinheiro
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Cazalini
- Department of PhysicsTechnological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Diego H.S. Souza
- Institute of Macromolecules Professor Eloísa Mano (IMA)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Laura S.S. Lepesqueur
- Department of Biosciences and Oral DiagnosisInstitute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cristiane Y. Koga‐Ito
- Department of Biosciences and Oral DiagnosisInstitute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubia F. Gouveia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Liliane M.F. Lona
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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11
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Clarke A, Vasileiou AA, Kontopoulou M. Crystalline nanocellulose/thermoplastic polyester composites prepared by
in situ
polymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Clarke
- Department of Chemical EngineeringQueen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | - Marianna Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemical EngineeringQueen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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12
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Silver nanoparticles coated with dodecanethiol used as fillers in non-cytotoxic and antifungal PBAT surface based on nanocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:800-807. [PMID: 30813086 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the preparation of antifungal and non-cytotoxic polymer nanocomposites with potential application in biomedical materials. Dodecanethiol-protected silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-DDT) were synthesized by a reduction/precipitation method and dispersed in chloroform to obtain stable colloidal dispersions. PBAT-based nanocomposites containing 0.25, 0.5 and 2 wt% AgNPs-DDT were prepared by casting method. The incorporation of AgNPs-DDT in PBAT matrix resulted in nanocomposites which combine improved mechanical performance and antifungal properties with a non-cytotoxic characteristic.
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13
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Fedosse Zornio C, Livi S, Jestin J, Duchet J, Gérard JF. Ionic PMMA/nanosilica interfaces from grafting ionic liquids under supercritical CO2 conditions. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Recent developments in nanocellulose-based biodegradable polymers, thermoplastic polymers, and porous nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Dufresne A. Cellulose nanomaterials as green nanoreinforcements for polymer nanocomposites. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170040. [PMID: 29277738 PMCID: PMC5746555 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected and attractive properties can be observed when decreasing the size of a material down to the nanoscale. Cellulose is no exception to the rule. In addition, the highly reactive surface of cellulose resulting from the high density of hydroxyl groups is exacerbated at this scale. Different forms of cellulose nanomaterials, resulting from a top-down deconstruction strategy (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils) or bottom-up strategy (bacterial cellulose), are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer nanocomposites, the basis for low-density foams, additives in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of filtration, electronic, food, hygiene, cosmetic and medical products. This paper focuses on the use of cellulose nanomaterials as a filler for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. Impressive mechanical properties can be obtained for these materials. They obviously depend on the type of nanomaterial used, but the crucial point is the processing technique. The emphasis is on the melt processing of such nanocomposite materials, which has not yet been properly resolved and remains a challenge.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Kargarzadeh H, Mariano M, Huang J, Lin N, Ahmad I, Dufresne A, Thomas S. Recent developments on nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites: A review. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Ferreira FV, Cividanes LS, Gouveia RF, Lona LM. An overview on properties and applications of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-PBAT based composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano); Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciana S. Cividanes
- Department of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering; Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA); São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubia F. Gouveia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano); Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Liliane M.F. Lona
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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18
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Mariano M, Pilate F, de Oliveira F, Khelifa F, Dubois P, Raquez JM, Dufresne A. Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposites through Noncovalent Modification with PLLA-Based Surfactants. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2678-2688. [PMID: 31457609 PMCID: PMC6641156 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection-molding using a masterbatch approach. Noncovalent modification of CNCs was performed with two different poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)-based surfactants to improve the filler/matrix compatibility. They both have a PLLA block that is expected to improve the compatibility with the PLA matrix and differ by the polar head. It consists of either a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block (PEG-b-PLLA) or an imidazolium group (Im-PLLA), that is able to interact with the surface of the CNCs. The morphological, structural, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The different modes of interaction of the polar head of the surfactant lead to different properties. However, the global decrease in the molecular weight of PLA, induced by the short PLLA blocks from the surfactants and the possible degradation during melt processing, results in a plasticization effect and impacts the crystallization of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Pilate
- LPCM,
CIRMAP, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Farid Khelifa
- LPCM,
CIRMAP, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- LPCM,
CIRMAP, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department
Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, 5 Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- LPCM,
CIRMAP, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Sapkota J, Shirole A, Foster EJ, Martinez Garcia JC, Lattuada M, Weder C. Polymer nanocomposites with nanorods having different length distributions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Natterodt JC, Sapkota J, Foster EJ, Weder C. Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals Featuring Adaptive Surface Groups. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:517-525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens C. Natterodt
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Janak Sapkota
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 203 Holden Hall, 445 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Mariano M, Dufresne A. Nanocellulose: Common Strategies for Processing of Nanocomposites. NANOCELLULOSES: THEIR PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1251.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- Univeristy Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Univeristy Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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23
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Leite LSF, Battirola LC, da Silva LCE, Gonçalves MDC. Morphological investigation of cellulose acetate/cellulose nanocrystal composites obtained by melt extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria do Carmo Gonçalves
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
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Mariano M, Chirat C, El Kissi N, Dufresne A. Impact of cellulose nanocrystal aspect ratio on crystallization and reinforcement of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
- CNRS, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LRP; Grenoble F-38000 France
| | - Christine Chirat
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
- CNRS, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
| | - Nadia El Kissi
- CNRS, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LRP; Grenoble F-38000 France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
- CNRS, LGP2; Grenoble F-38000 France
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25
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Nagalakshmaiah M, El Kissi N, Dufresne A. Ionic Compatibilization of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Quaternary Ammonium Salt and Their Melt Extrusion with Polypropylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8755-8764. [PMID: 26990597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
On account to their high mechanical properties along with high reinforcing capacity, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) could be the ultimate choice for polymer nanocomposites as filler. Recently, different strategies have been investigated for the melt extrusion of CNC-based polymer nanocomposites because it is a solvent-free process and because this technique is more viable for commercial industrialization. However, most thermoplastic polymers are processed at high temperatures, and sulfuric acid preparation of CNC limits the processing because of surface sulfate groups degradation. In this study we profitably used these negatively charged groups, and quaternary ammonium salt was ionically adsorbed on CNC by a simple aqueous method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize adsorbed CNC, and changes in polarity were investigated by contact angle measurements. Modified CNC was extruded with polypropylene at 190 °C, and the ensuing composites were characterized in terms of mechanical (by dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests), thermal (by differential scanning calorimetry), and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) properties. The melt rheology of PP-based nanocomposites was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malladi Nagalakshmaiah
- LRP and ‡LGP2, Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- LRP and ∥LGP2, CNRS , F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia El Kissi
- LRP and ‡LGP2, Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- LRP and ∥LGP2, CNRS , F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- LRP and ‡LGP2, Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- LRP and ∥LGP2, CNRS , F-38000, Grenoble, France
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26
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Abitbol T, Rivkin A, Cao Y, Nevo Y, Abraham E, Ben-Shalom T, Lapidot S, Shoseyov O. Nanocellulose, a tiny fiber with huge applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:76-88. [PMID: 26930621 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is of increasing interest for a range of applications relevant to the fields of material science and biomedical engineering due to its renewable nature, anisotropic shape, excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, and interesting optical properties. We discuss the main areas of nanocellulose research: photonics, films and foams, surface modifications, nanocomposites, and medical devices. These tiny nanocellulose fibers have huge potential in many applications, from flexible optoelectronics to scaffolds for tissue regeneration. We hope to impart the readers with some of the excitement that currently surrounds nanocellulose research, which arises from the green nature of the particles, their fascinating physical and chemical properties, and the diversity of applications that can be impacted by this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Abitbol
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Rivkin
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eldho Abraham
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Ben-Shalom
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites modified with phthalic anhydride. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:52-9. [PMID: 26428099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of biomass nanofiller for polymers, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has good mechanical properties and reinforcing capability. To improve the compatibility of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA)/CNC composites, phthalic anhydride was used as a compatilizer during melt mixing, leading to the significant improvement of the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites, which is related to the better dispersion of CNC in the composites. The addition of phthalic anhydride could accelerate the crystallization of PBSA component as evidenced by the curves of isothermal crystallization of the composites, but had little effect on the crystalline polymorphs of PBSA component. The addition of phthalic anhydride could strongly improve the hydrophobicity of the composites. The good mechanical properties, fast crystallization and improved hydrophobicity of PBSA/CNC composites with phthalic anhydride are favor to their practical commercial utilization.
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