1
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Hydrolytic degradation mechanism of modified polylactic acid in different food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Rheological and thermoresponsive shape memory properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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3
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Kuehl BW, Hohmann A, Lee TH, Forrester M, Hernandez N, Dietrich H, Smith C, Musselman S, Tran G, Cochran EW. Cavitation-Mediated Fracture Energy Dissipation in Polylactide at Rubbery Soybean Oil-Based Block Copolymer Interfaces Formed via Reactive Extrusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46912-46919. [PMID: 36201621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we spearhead a new approach to biopolymer impact modification that demonstrates superior performance while maintaining greater than 99% compostability. Using soybean-based monomers, a virtually untapped resource in terms of commercial volume and overall cost, a series of hyperbranched block copolymers were synthesized and melt-processed with poly(l-lactide) (PLA) to yield impact resistant all-polymer composites. Although PLA impact modification has been treated extensively, to date, the only practical solutions have relied on non-compostable petroleum-based rubbers. This study illustrates the activity of energy dissipation mechanisms such as cavitation, classically relegated to well-entangled petroleum-based rubbers, in poorly entangled hyperbranched soybean-based rubbers. Furthermore, we present a complete study of the mechanical performance and morphology of these impact modified PLA composites. The significance of combining deformation theory with a scalable green alternative to petroleum-based rubbers opens up a potential avenue for cheap compostable engineering thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baker W Kuehl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Austin Hohmann
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ting Han Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael Forrester
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacu Hernandez
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hannah Dietrich
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Connor Smith
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sam Musselman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Grayson Tran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W Cochran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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4
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Gong Z, Huang J, Fan J, Chen X, Wang H, Chen Y. Super-Tough Poly(lactic Acid)-Based Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Based on Selective Dispersion and In Situ Compatibilization of Commercial Reinforcing Fillers and Its Application in Three-Dimensional Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Gong
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Zhongshan Wangcai Technology Co., Ltd. Technology Business Incubator, No. 70, Zhongshan Port Avenue, Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Zhongshan Wangcai Technology Co., Ltd. Technology Business Incubator, No. 70, Zhongshan Port Avenue, Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan 528403, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, South China University of Technology, Zhongshan 528437, China
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5
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Ding Y, Chen X, Huang D, Fan B, Pan L, Zhang K, Li Y. Post-chemical grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) to commercially renewable elastomer as effective modifiers for polylactide blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:718-733. [PMID: 33811931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide)-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (ECO-g-PMMA) was successfully synthesized from a commercially renewable elastomer via the ATRP method. The graft copolymer was investigated as a toughening agent and compatibilizer for polylactide (PLA) and PLA/ECO blends, respectively. Binary blending PLA with the copolymers (5-15 wt%) significantly improved the strain at break of PLA above 200% without a great strength loss. More importantly, the ternary PLA/ECO/ECO-g-PMMA copolymer blends exhibited a remarkably high impact strength of 96.9 kJ/m2 with non-broken behaviors. An interesting phase structure transformation from a typical sea-island structure to a unique quasi-continuous network structure was observed with varying the content of ECO-g-PMMA from 0 to 15 wt% in the ternary blends. The native toughening mechanism analysis indicated the synergistic toughening effect of the good interfacial adhesion and unique quasi-continuous morphology endowed the ternary blends with excellent mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No.135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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6
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Li Z, Shi S, Yang F, Cao D, Zhang K, Wang B, Ma Z, Pan L, Li Y. Supertough and Transparent Poly(lactic acid) Nanostructure Blends with Minimal Stiffness Loss. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13148-13157. [PMID: 32548501 PMCID: PMC7288571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is an attempt to explore the effectiveness of a series of newly obtained thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) as a toughening agent for modifying poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The TPEs, including ionically modified isotactic polypropylene-graft-PLA (iPP-g-PLA) copolymers with explicit graft length, graft density, and ionic group content, and an iPP-g-PLA copolymer with a very high molecular weight and explicit graft density, were elaborately designed and synthesized. The semicrystal or rubbery copolymer backbone originated from iPP was designed to improve the toughness and maintain a relatively high strength, while the grafted PLA side chain was to ensure a high level of compatibility with the PLA matrix. To obtain further enhancement in interfacial reinforcement, the imidazolium-based ionic group was also added during graft onto reaction. All of these graft copolymers were identified with randomly distributed PLA branches, bearing a very high molecular weight ((33-398) × 104) and very high PLA content (57.3-89.3 wt %). Unprecedentedly, with a very small amount of newly designed TPE, the modified PLA blends exhibited a significantly increased elongation at break (up to about 190%) and simultaneously retained the very high stiffness and excellent transparency. The nanometer-scale phase-separated particles with good compatibility and refractive index matching to the PLA matrix were demonstrated to play a crucial role in the excellent performance. The findings suggested that the newly designed iPP-g-PLA copolymers are very economic, promising, and effective modifying agents for developing highly transparent and tough PLA-based sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuwen Shi
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dafu Cao
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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7
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Wu B, Xu P, Yang W, Hoch M, Dong W, Chen M, Bai H, Ma P. Super‐Toughened Heat‐Resistant Poly(lactic acid) Alloys By Tailoring the Phase Morphology and the Crystallization Behaviors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baogou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Martin Hoch
- Arlanxeo High Performance Elastomers (Shanghai Branch), 150 Hubin Road Shanghai 200021 China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Huiyu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 China
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8
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Liu H, Chen N, Shan P, Song P, Liu X, Chen J. Toward Fully Bio-based and Supertough PLA Blends via in Situ Formation of Cross-Linked Biopolyamide Continuity Network. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wushu Street, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wushu Street, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjia Shan
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wushu Street, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingan Song
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wushu Street, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Shang M, Wu Y, Shentu B, Weng Z. Toughening of PBT by POE/POE-g-GMA Elastomer through Regulating Interfacial Adhesion and Toughening Mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yijian Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Plastic Modification and Processing, KingFa Sci & Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhixue Weng
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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Wang B, Tu Z, Wu C, Hu T, Wang X, Long S, Gong X. Effect of Poly(styrene- ran-methyl acrylate) Inclusion on the Compatibility of Polylactide/Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Blends Characterized by Morphological, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050846. [PMID: 31083318 PMCID: PMC6572652 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(styrene-ran-methyl acrylate) (S-MA) (75/25 mol/mol), synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization, was used as a compatibilizer for polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS)-toughened polylactide (PLA) blends. Upon compatibilization, the blends exhibited a refined dispersed-phase morphology, a decreased crystallinity with an increase in their amorphous interphase, improved thermal stability possibly from the thicker, stronger interfaces insusceptible to thermal energy, a convergence of the maximum decomposition-rate temperatures, enhanced magnitude of complex viscosity, dynamic storage and loss moduli, a reduced ramification degree in the high-frequency terminal region of the Han plot, and an increased semicircle radius in the Cole–Cole plot due to the prolonged chain segmental relaxation times from increases in the thickness and chain entanglement degree of the interphase. When increasing the S-MA content from 0 to 3.0 wt %, the tensile properties of the blends improved considerably until 1.0 wt %, above which they then increased insignificantly, whereas the impact strength was maximized at an optimum S-MA content of ~1.0 wt %, hypothetically due to balanced effects of the medium-size SBS particles on the stabilization of preexisting crazes and the initiation of new crazes in the PLA matrix. These observations confirm that S-MA, a random copolymer first synthesized in our laboratory, acted as an effective compatibilizer for the PLA/SBS blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Zheng Tu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Shijun Long
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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11
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Rigoussen A, Raquez JM, Dubois P, Verge P. A dual approach to compatibilize PLA/ABS immiscible blends with epoxidized cardanol derivatives. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Chen Q, Shan P, Tong C, Yan D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Hao C. Influence of reactive blending temperature on impact toughness and phase morphologies of PLA ternary blend system containing magnesium ionomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang Province People's Republic China
| | - Pengjia Shan
- College of EngineeringZhejiang A & F University, Lin'an District Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Tong
- College of EngineeringZhejiang A & F University, Lin'an District Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Yan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of EngineeringZhejiang A & F University, Lin'an District Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- College of EngineeringZhejiang A & F University, Lin'an District Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang Province People's Republic China
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13
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Phetphaisit CW, Wapanyakul W, Phinyocheep P. Effect of modified rubber powder on the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of blown poly(lactic acid)-hydroxyl epoxidized natural rubber films for flexible film packaging. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chor Wayakron Phetphaisit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Wittawat Wapanyakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Pranee Phinyocheep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; 10400 Thailand
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14
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Jing Z, Li J, Xiao W, Xu H, Hong P, Li Y. Crystallization, rheology and mechanical properties of the blends of poly(l-lactide) with supramolecular polymers based on poly(d-lactide)–poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone)–poly(d-lactide) triblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26067-26079. [PMID: 35531016 PMCID: PMC9070369 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the blending of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with supramolecular polymers based on poly(d-lactide)–poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone)–poly(d-lactide) (PDLA–PCVL–PDLA) triblock copolymers as an efficient way to modify PLLA. The supramolecular polymers (SMP) were synthesized by the terminal functionalization of the PDLA–PCVL–PDLA copolymers with 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy). The structure, thermal properties and rheological behavior of the synthesized supramolecular polymers were studied; we found that the formation of the UPy dimers expanded the molecular chain of the polymer and the incorporation of the UPy groups suppressed the crystallization of polymers. In addition, the synthesized supramolecular polymers had a low glass transition temperature of about −50 °C, showing the characteristics of elastomers. On this basis, superior properties such as a fast crystallization rate, high melt strength, and toughness of fully bio-based, i.e., PLA-based materials were achieved simultaneously by blending PLLA with the synthesized supramolecular polymers. In the PLLA/SMP blends, PLLA could form a stereocomplex with its enantiomeric PDLA blocks of supramolecular polymers, and the stereocomplex crystals with the cross-linking networks reinforced the melt strength of the PLLA/SMP blends. The influences of the SMP composition and the SMP content in the PLLA matrix on crystallization and mechanical properties were analyzed. The supramolecular polymers SMP0.49 and SMP1.04 showed a reverse effect on the crystallization of PLLA. Tensile tests revealed that the lower content of the synthesized supramolecular polymers could achieve toughening of the PLLA matrix. Therefore, the introduction of supramolecular polymers based on PDLA–PCVL–PDLA is an effective way to control the crystallization, rheology and mechanical properties of PLLA. Supramolecular polymer based on PDLA–PCVL–PDLA triblock copolymer was used for the modification of PLLA, and the results showed that it is an effective way to control the crystallization, rheology and mechanical properties of PLLA.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxin Jing
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Weiyu Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Hefeng Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Environment
- Guangdong Ocean University
- Zhanjiang
- China
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15
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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16
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Nematollahi M, Jalali-Arani A, Modarress H. High-performance bio-based poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends: effect of epoxidized natural rubber on microstructure, toughness and static and dynamic mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nematollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Jalali-Arani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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17
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Hamad K, Kaseem M, Ayyoob M, Joo J, Deri F. Polylactic acid blends: The future of green, light and tough. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ma M, Liu K, Zheng H, Chen S, Wu B, Shi Y, Wang X. Effect of the composition and degree of crosslinking on the properties of poly( l
-lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane blends. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Haiming Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Bozhen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou PR China
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Wang Y, Wei Z, Li Y. Toughening polylactide with epoxidized styrene-butadiene impact resin: Mechanical, morphological, and rheological characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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Quiles-Carrillo L, Blanes-Martínez M, Montanes N, Fenollar O, Torres-Giner S, Balart R. Reactive toughening of injection-molded polylactide pieces using maleinized hemp seed oil. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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