1
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Alkassfarity AN, Yassin MA, Abdel Rehim MH, Liu L, Jiao Z, Wang B, Wei Z. Modified cellulose nanocrystals enhanced polycaprolactone multifunctional films with barrier, UV-blocking and antimicrobial properties for food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129871. [PMID: 38309396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The packaging industry demands improved eco-friendly materials with new and enhanced properties. In this context, bio-nanocomposite films with antimicrobial and UV-shielding properties based on modified cellulose nanocrystals/polycaprolactone (MCNC/PCL) were fabricated via solution casting method, and then food packaging simulation was carried out. CNCs were obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by successful functionalization with Quaternary ammonium surfactant, confirmed by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TEM, and DLS analyses. Furthermore, the morphological, physical, antibacterial, and food packaging properties of all prepared films were investigated. Results showed that the mechanical, UV blocking, barrier properties, and antibacterial activity of all composite films were remarkably improved. Particularly, the addition of 3 wt% MCNC increased the tensile strength and elongation at break by 27.5 % and 20.0 %, respectively. Moreover, the permeability of O2, CO2, and water vapor dramatically reduced by 97.6 %, 96.7 %, and 49.8% compared to the Neat PCL. Further, the UV-blocking properties of the composite films were significantly improved. The antimicrobial properties of MCNC/PCL films showed good antimicrobial properties against S. aureus. Finally, cherry packaged with 1 and 3 wt% MCNC films exhibited satisfactory freshness after 22 days of preservation. Overall, the fabricated PCL nanocomposite films can be utilized in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa N Alkassfarity
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Packing and Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Packing and Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona H Abdel Rehim
- Packing and Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyue Jiao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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2
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Panaitescu DM, Frone AN, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Miu DM, Soare MG, Vasile BS, Lupescu I. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) nanocomposites modified with even and odd chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125324. [PMID: 37307975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was blended with medium-chain-length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) for improving its flexibility while nanocellulose (NC) was added as a reinforcing agent. Even and odd-chain-length PHAs, having as main component poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) or poly(3-hydroxynonanoate) (PHN) were synthesized and served as PHB modifiers. The effects of PHO and PHN on the morphology, thermal, mechanical and biodegradation behaviors of PHB were different, especially in the presence of NC. The addition of mcl-PHAs decreased the storage modulus (E') of PHB blends by about 40 %. The further addition of NC mitigated this decrease bringing the E' of PHB/PHO/NC close to that of PHB and having a minor effect on the E' of PHB/PHN/NC. The biodegradability of PHB/PHN/NC was higher than that of PHB/PHO/NC, the latter's being close to that of neat PHB after soil burial for four months. The results showed a complex effect of NC, which enhanced the interaction between PHB and mcl-PHAs and decreased the size of PHO/PHN inclusions (1.9 ± 0.8/2.6 ± 0.9 μm) while increasing the accessibility of water and microorganisms during soil burial. The blown film extrusion test showed the ability of mcl-PHA and NC modified PHB to stretch forming uniform tube and supports the application of these biomaterials in the packaging sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Maria Miu
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Calea Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Gratiela Soare
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Calea Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- National Research Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Lupescu
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Calea Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Spiru Haret University, 256 Bulevardul Basarabia, 030352 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Ladhari S, Vu NN, Boisvert C, Saidi A, Nguyen-Tri P. Recent Development of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Materials for Antibacterial Applications: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1398-1430. [PMID: 36912908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The diseases caused by microorganisms are innumerable existing on this planet. Nevertheless, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent global challenge. Thus, in recent decades, bactericidal materials have been considered promising candidates to combat bacterial pathogens. Recently, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been used as green and biodegradable materials in various promising alternative applications, especially in healthcare for antiviral or antiviral purposes. However, it lacks a systematic review of the recent application of this emerging material for antibacterial applications. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this review is to provide a critical review of the state of the art recent development of PHA biopolymers in terms of cutting-edge production technologies as well as promising application fields. In addition, special attention was given to collecting scientific information on antibacterial agents that can potentially be incorporated into PHA materials for biological and durable antimicrobial protection. Furthermore, the current research gaps are declared, and future research perspectives are proposed to better understand the properties of these biopolymers as well as their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ladhari
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Nhu-Nang Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Cédrik Boisvert
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Alireza Saidi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
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4
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Bangar SP, Kajla P, Ghosh T. Valorization of wheat straw in food packaging: A source of cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:762-776. [PMID: 36563802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wheat straw (WS) is one of the abundant categories of agricultural waste, which is usually abandoned and burned yearly, thus creating environmental issues. Traditionally, it is used for low-value purposes, mainly in cattle feeding or agricultural mulch, and the rest is burnt or thrown away. WS is a valuable candidate as raw material for being used as reinforcing fibers to fabricate biocomposites. Among existing strategies, one of the potential strategies to utilize such lignocellulosic biomasses includes the extraction of cellulose as a potential candidate in the fabrication of sustainable packaging. Exploring WS as a valuable source of cellulose could be a key strategy for enabling biopolymers in packaging, which relies on developing tailor-made materials from non-food and low-cost resources. In this regard, the valorization of WSs for packaging can add value to these underutilized residues and successfully contribute to the circular economy concept. The review addresses the valorization of WS as a source of cellulose and its nanostructured forms for food packaging applications. The review also discusses cellulose derivatives extraction using conventional or innovative techniques (microwave-assisted extraction, fractionation, mechanical fibrillation, steam-explosion, microfludization, enzymatic hydrolysis, etc.). The different applications of these extracted biopolymers in the packaging are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, USA.
| | - Priyanka Kajla
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Tabli Ghosh
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
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5
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Polysaccharides for Biodegradable Packaging Materials: Past, Present, and Future (Brief Review). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020451. [PMID: 36679331 PMCID: PMC9865279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecological problems emerging due to accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics are becoming more and more urgent. This problem can be solved by the development of biodegradable materials which will replace the non-biodegradable ones. Among numerous approaches in this field, there is one proposing the use of polysaccharide-based materials. These polymers are biodegradable, non-toxic, and obtained from renewable resources. This review opens discussion about the application of polysaccharides for the creation of biodegradable packaging materials. There are numerous investigations developing new formulations using cross-linking of polymers, mixing with inorganic (metals, metal oxides, clays) and organic (dyes, essential oils, extracts) compounds. The main emphasis in the present work is made on development of the polymer blends consisting of cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, pectin, alginate, carrageenan with some synthetic polymers, polymers of natural origin, and essential oils.
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6
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Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Ojanen M, Puttonen S, Vaittinen H. Trends and challenges in the development of bio-based barrier coating materials for paper/cardboard food packaging; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158328. [PMID: 36037892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, petroleum-based synthetic plastics are used as a key barrier material in the paper-based packaging of several food and nonfood goods. This widespread usage of plastic as a barrier lining is not only harmful to human and marine health, but it is also polluting the ecosystem. Researchers and food manufacturers are focused on biobased alternatives because of its numerous advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and structural flexibility. When used alone or in composites/multilayers, these biobased alternatives provide strong barrier qualities against grease, oxygen, microbes, air, and water. According to the most recent literature reports, biobased polymers for barrier coatings are having difficulty breaking into the business. Technological breakthroughs in the field of bioplastic production and application are rapidly evolving, proffering new options for academics and industry to collaborate and develop sustainable packaging solutions. Existing techniques, such as multilayer coating of nanocomposites, can be improved further by designing them in a more systematic manner to attain the best barrier qualities. Modified nanocellulose, lignin nanoparticles, and bio-polyester are among the most promising future candidates for nanocomposite-based packaging films with high barrier qualities. In this review, the state-of-art and research advancements made in biobased polymeric alternatives such as paper and board barrier coating are summarized. Finally, the existing limitations and potential future development prospects for these biobased polymers as barrier materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujtaba
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland.
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Aalto University, Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mari Ojanen
- Kemira Oyj, Energiakatu 4, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vaittinen
- Valmet Technologies, Wärtsilänkatu 100, 04440 Järvenpää, Finland
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7
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Chandran GU, Parappanal AS, S H, Sambhudevan S, Shankar B. A critical review on cellulose nano structures based polymer nanocomposites for packaging applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2086813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma U Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
| | | | - Hema S
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
| | - Sreedha Sambhudevan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
| | - Balakrishnan Shankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India
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8
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da Silva MRP, Matos RS, Monteiro MDS, Santos SB, Filho HDF, Andrade GRS, Salerno M, Almeida LE. Exploiting the Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of PHB/PEG and PHB/PEG/ALG-e Blends Loaded with Ag Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15217544. [PMID: 36363134 PMCID: PMC9657507 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based films containing Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), esterified sodium alginate (ALG-e) and polymeric additives loaded with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by a conventional casting method. AgNPs were produced in aqueous suspension and added to polymeric gels using a phase exchange technique. Composite formation was confirmed by finding the Ag peak in the XRD pattern of PHB. The morphological analysis showed that the inclusion of PEG polymer caused the occurrence of pores over the film surface, which were overshadowed by the addition of ALG-e polymer. The PHB functional groups were dominating the FTIR spectrum, whose bands associated with the crystalline and amorphous regions increased after the addition of PEG and ALG-e polymers. Thermal analysis of the films revealed a decrease in the degradation temperature of PHB containing PEG/AgNPs and PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs, suggesting a catalytic effect. The PHB/PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs film combined the best properties of water vapor permeability and hydrophilicity of the different polymers used. All samples showed good antimicrobial activity in vitro, with the greater inhibitory halo observed for the PEG/PEG/AgNPs against Gram positive S. aureus microorganisms. Thus, the PHB/PEG/ALG-e/AgNPs composite demonstrated here is a promising candidate for skin wound healing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário R. P. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Robert S. Matos
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Michael D. S. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Corrosion and Nanotechnology (LCNT), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Samuel B. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Henrique D. F. Filho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanoscopy (LSNN), Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69077-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - George R. S. Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Energy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marco Salerno
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luís E. Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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9
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Li Z, Zhu G, Lin N. Dispersibility Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric-Based Composites. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4439-4468. [PMID: 36195577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles extracted from biomass with properties and functions different from cellulose and are being developed for property-oriented applications such as high stiffness, abundant active groups, and biocompatibility. It has broad application prospects in the field of composite materials, while the dispersibility of the CNC in polymers is the key to its application performance. Many reviews have discussed in-depth the modification strategies to improve the dispersibility of the CNC and summarized all characterization for the CNC, but there are no reviews on the in-depth exploration of dispersion characterization. This review is a comprehensive summary of the characterization of CNC dispersion in the matrix in terms of direct observation, indirect evaluation, and quantified evaluation, summarizing how and why different characterization tools reveal dispersibility. In addition, "decision tree" flowcharts are presented to provide the reader with a reference for selecting the appropriate characterization method for a specific composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
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10
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Nano Cadmium Sulfide Mediation of Poly(hydroxybutyrate)-Based Biocomposite Film for Improved Thermomechanical Properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Innovative solutions and challenges to increase the use of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in food packaging and disposables. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB. Chitin Nanocomposite Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends as Fully Biodegradable Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153177. [PMID: 35956691 PMCID: PMC9370966 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blends plasticized with tributyrin (TB), and their nanocomposite based on chitin nanoparticles (ChNPs) was developed using melt mixing followed by a compression molding process. The combination of PHB and ChNPs had an impact on the crystallinity of the plasticized PLA matrix, thus improving its oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties as well as displaying a UV light-blocking effect. The addition of 2 wt% of ChNP induced an improvement on the initial thermal degradation temperature and the overall migration behavior of blends, which had been compromised by the presence of TB. All processed materials were fully disintegrated under composting conditions, suggesting their potential application as fully biodegradable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Chemical Science Department, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
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13
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Morphology and crystallization behaviour of polyhydroxyalkanoates-based blends and composites: A review. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Erdal NB, Hakkarainen M. Degradation of Cellulose Derivatives in Laboratory, Man-Made, and Natural Environments. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2713-2729. [PMID: 35763720 PMCID: PMC9277587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers complement recyclable materials in battling plastic waste because some products are difficult to recycle and some will end up in the environment either because of their application or due to wear of the products. Natural biopolymers, such as cellulose, are inherently biodegradable, but chemical modification typically required for the obtainment of thermoplastic properties, solubility, or other desired material properties can hinder or even prevent the biodegradation process. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the degradation of common cellulose derivatives in different laboratory, natural, and man-made environments. Depending on the environment, the degradation can be solely biodegradation or a combination of several processes, such as chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, photodegradation, and oxidation. It is clear that the type of modification and especially the degree of substitution are important factors controlling the degradation process of cellulose derivatives in combination with the degradation environment. The big variation of conditions in different environments is also briefly considered as well as the importance of the proper testing environment, characterization of the degradation process, and confirmation of biodegradability. To ensure full sustainability of the new cellulose derivatives under development, the expected end-of-life scenario, whether material recycling or "biological" recycling, should be included as an important design parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla B Erdal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, FibRe - Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, FibRe - Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Popa MS, Frone AN, Panaitescu DM. Polyhydroxybutyrate blends: A solution for biodegradable packaging? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:263-277. [PMID: 35257732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a valuable bio-based and biodegradable polymer that may substitute common polymers in packaging and biomedical applications provided that the production cost is reduced and some properties improved. Blending PHB with other biodegradable polymers is the most simple and accessible route to reduce costs and to improve properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the preparation, properties and application of the PHB blends with other biodegradable polyesters such as medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), poly(propylene carbonate) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or polysaccharides and their derivatives. A special attention has been paid to the miscibility of PHB with these polymers and the compatibilizing methods used to improve the dispersion and interface. The changes in the PHB morphology, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties induced by the second polymer have been critically analyzed in view of industrial application. The biodegradability and recyclability strategies of the PHB blends were summarized along with the processing techniques adapted to the intended application. This review provides the tools for a better understanding of the relation between the micro/nanostructure of PHB blends and their properties for the further development of PHB blends as solutions for biodegradable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stelian Popa
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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16
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Usurelu CD, Badila S, Frone AN, Panaitescu DM. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101974. [PMID: 35631856 PMCID: PMC9144865 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is one of the most promising substitutes for the petroleum-based polymers used in the packaging and biomedical fields due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, good stiffness, and strength, along with its good gas-barrier properties. One route to overcome some of the PHB’s weaknesses, such as its slow crystallization, brittleness, modest thermal stability, and low melt strength is the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and the production of PHB/CNCs nanocomposites. Choosing the adequate processing technology for the fabrication of the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites and a suitable surface treatment for the CNCs are key factors in obtaining a good interfacial adhesion, superior thermal stability, and mechanical performances for the resulting nanocomposites. The information provided in this review related to the preparation routes, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites may represent a starting point in finding new strategies to reduce the manufacturing costs or to design better technological solutions for the production of these materials at industrial scale. It is outlined in this review that the use of low-value biomass resources in the obtaining of both PHB and CNCs might be a safe track for a circular and bio-based economy. Undoubtedly, the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites will be an important part of a greener future in terms of successful replacement of the conventional plastic materials in many engineering and biomedical applications.
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Ghasemlou M, Daver F, Murdoch BJ, Ball AS, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Biodegradation of novel bioplastics made of starch, polyhydroxyurethanes and cellulose nanocrystals in soil environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152684. [PMID: 34995611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is recognized as a major environmental problem in many countries. Over the last decade, academics have embraced research on bioplastics to discover newer high-end green materials. However, the end-of-life environmental fate of such materials is not adequately understood. Non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) are green engineering materials with huge potential to replace traditional polyurethanes. Despite this immense potential, a number of questions about their environmental fate remain unanswered. The present study investigated the extent and mechanisms underlying soil biodegradation of PHUs and determined whether the deterioration of PHUs within starch bioplastics (ST) can improve the biodegradation of starch (ST)-PHU hybrids. Soil microbiomes managed to effectively and quickly digest not only PHUs but also ST-PHU hybrids. All ST-PHU hybrids were characterized by exceptional biodegradability with mass losses of up to ~88% following a soil burial time of only 120 days. The biodegradation of ST-alone bioplastics was 69% under identical conditions. The presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) reduced the potential for the soil microbial community to degrade nanohybrids (ST-PHU-CNC). Microbially digested bioplastics with PHU presented less stages of thermal degradation, and reduced intensities of FTIR, NMR and XPS signals compared to the original films, indicating improvement of the biodegradation mechanism. These findings suggested the positive environmental implications of PHU in improving the bioplastic's degradation and their potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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18
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Rojas-Lema S, Nilsson K, Trifol J, Langton M, Gomez-Caturla J, Balart R, Garcia-Garcia D, Moriana R. “Faba bean protein films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals as edible food packaging material”. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Motloung MP, Mofokeng TG, Ojijo V, Ray SS. A review on the processing–morphology–property relationship in biodegradable polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Tladi Gideon Mofokeng
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
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20
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Bangar SP, Whiteside WS. Nano-cellulose reinforced starch bio composite films- A review on green composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:849-860. [PMID: 34237362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic-based food packaging is generating a serious environmental problem by accumulating large amounts of plastic in the surroundings. Ecological and health concerns are driving research efforts for developing biodegradable films. There are few alternatives that could reduce the environmental impact; one of them is to substitute petroleum-based plastic with starch-based film. Starch has remarkable properties, including biodegradability, sustainability, abundancy, and capable of being modified or blended with other polymers. However, low mechanical strength and low water resistance restrict its application in food packaging. Nanocellulose isolated from lignocellulosic fibers has attracted tremendous interest in the field of science due to high crystallinity and mechanical strength, unique morphology along with abundancy, renewability, and biodegradability. Therefore, nano cellulose as a reinforcer proved to be a good option for fabricating biocomposites for food packaging. The current review will give a critical snapshot of the potential application of nanocellulose in food packaging and discuss new challenges and opportunities for starch biocomposites enriched with nano cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, USA.
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21
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Avossa J, Pota G, Vitiello G, Macagnano A, Zanfardino A, Di Napoli M, Pezzella A, D'Errico G, Varcamonti M, Luciani G. Multifunctional mats by antimicrobial nanoparticles decoration for bioinspired smart wound dressing solutions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111954. [PMID: 33812582 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing advanced materials for wound dressings is a very challenging, yet unaddressed task. These systems are supposed to act as temporary skin substitutes, performing multiple functions, including fluid absorption and antimicrobial action, supporting cell proliferation and migration in order to promote the skin regeneration process. Following a global bioinspired approach, in this study, we developed a multifunctional textile for wound dressing applications. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/poly-3-caprolactone (PHB/PCL) mats were fabricated by electrospinning to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus providing structural and biochemical support to tissue regeneration. Furthermore, inspired by nature's strategy which exploits melanin as an effective weapon against pathogens infection, PHB/PCL mats were modified with hybrid Melanin-TiO2 nanostructures. These were combined to PHB/PCL mats following two different strategies: in-situ incorporation during electrospinning process, alternately ex-post coating by electrospraying onto obtained mats. All samples revealed huge water uptake and poor cytotoxicity towards HaCat eukaryotic cells. Melanin-TiO2 coating conferred PHB/PCL mats significant antimicrobial activity towards both Gram(+) and Gram(-) strains, marked hydrophilic properties as well as bioactivity which is expected to promote materials-cells interaction. This study is going to provide a novel paradigm for the design of active wound dressings for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Avossa
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research-National Research Council (IIA-CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo 00016, Italy
| | - G Pota
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - G Vitiello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, via della Lastruccia 3, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Macagnano
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research-National Research Council (IIA-CNR), Research Area of Rome 1, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo 00016, Italy
| | - A Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Pezzella
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - G D'Errico
- CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, via della Lastruccia 3, Firenze, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G Luciani
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", p.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Ahankari SS, Subhedar AR, Bhadauria SS, Dufresne A. Nanocellulose in food packaging: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117479. [PMID: 33436241 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The research in eco-friendly and sustainable materials for packaging applications with enhanced barrier, thermo-mechanical, rheological and anti-bacterial properties has accelerated in the last decade. Last decade has witnessed immense interest in employing nanocellulose (NC) as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to the current synthetic packaging barrier films. This review article gathers the research information on NC as a choice for food packaging material. It reviews on the employment of NC and its various forms including its chemico-physical treatments into bio/polymers and its impact on the performance of nanocomposites for food packaging application. The review reveals the fact that the research trends towards NC based materials are quite promising for Active Packaging (AP) applications, including the Controlled Release Packaging (CRP) and Responsive Packaging (RP). Finally, it summarizes with the challenges of sustainable packaging, gray areas that need an improvement/focus in order to commercially exploit this wonderful material for packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Ahankari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, TN, 632014, India.
| | - Aditya R Subhedar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Swarnim S Bhadauria
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122891. [PMID: 33276625 PMCID: PMC7761566 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.
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24
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Doh H, Dunno KD, Whiteside WS. Cellulose nanocrystal effects on the biodegradability with alginate and crude seaweed extract nanocomposite films. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Panaitescu DM, Vizireanu S, Stoian SA, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Damian CM, Trusca R, Carpen LG, Dinescu G. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Modified by Plasma and TEMPO-Oxidized Celluloses. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071510. [PMID: 32646005 PMCID: PMC7408025 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was surface modified by two approaches, namely a plasma treatment in liquid using a Y-shaped tube for oxygen flow (MCC-P) and a TEMPO mediated oxidation (MCC-T). Both treatments led to the surface functionalization of cellulose as illustrated by FTIR and XPS results. However, TEMPO oxidation had a much stronger oxidizing effect, leading to a decrease of the thermal stability of MCC by 80 °C. Plasma and TEMPO modified celluloses were incorporated in a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) matrix and they influenced the morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites (PHB-MCC-P and PHB-MCC-T) differently. However, both treatments were efficient in improving the fiber-polymer interface and the mechanical properties, with an increase of the storage modulus of composites by 184% for PHB-MCC-P and 167% for PHB-MCC-T at room temperature. The highest increase of the mechanical properties was observed in the composite containing plasma modified cellulose although TEMPO oxidation induced a much stronger surface modification of cellulose. This was due to the adverse effect of more advanced degradation in this last case. The results showed that Y-shaped plasma jet oxidation of cellulose water suspensions is a simple and cheap treatment and a promising method of cellulose functionalization for PHB and other biopolymer reinforcements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Sorin Vizireanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Sergiu Alexandru Stoian
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.S.); (C.-A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Celina Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymers Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Gabriela Carpen
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, Bucharest University, 405 Atomistilor Street, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Dinescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Atomistilor 409, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (L.G.C.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, Bucharest University, 405 Atomistilor Street, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
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Ivorra-Martinez J, Verdu I, Fenollar O, Sanchez-Nacher L, Balart R, Quiles-Carrillo L. Manufacturing and Properties of Binary Blend from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Poly(caprolactone) with Improved Toughness. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051118. [PMID: 32422915 PMCID: PMC7285169 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent a promising group of bacterial polyesters for new applications. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is a very promising bacterial polyester with potential uses in the packaging industry; nevertheless, as with many (almost all) bacterial polyesters, PHBH undergoes secondary crystallization (aging) which leads to an embrittlement. To overcome or minimize this, in the present work a flexible petroleum-derived polyester, namely poly(ε-caprolactone), was used to obtain PHBH/PCL blends with different compositions (from 0 to 40 PCL wt %) using extrusion followed by injection moulding. The thermal analysis of the binary blends was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Both TGA and DSC revealed immiscibility between PHBH and PCL. Mechanical dynamic thermal analysis (DMTA) allowed a precise determination of the glass transition temperatures (Tg) as a function of the blend composition. By means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), an internal structure formed by two phases was observed, with a PHBH-rich matrix phase and a finely dispersed PCL-rich phase. These results confirmed the immiscibility between these two biopolymers. However, the mechanical properties obtained through tensile and Charpy tests, indicated that the addition of PCL to PHBH considerably improved toughness. PHBH/PCL blends containing 40 PCL wt % offered an impact resistance double that of neat PHBH. PCL addition also contributed to a decrease in brittleness and an improvement in toughness and some other ductile properties. As expected, an increase in ductile properties resulted in a decrease in some mechanical resistant properties, e.g., the modulus and the strength (in tensile and flexural conditions) decreased with increasing wt % PCL in PHBH/PCL blends.
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27
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De La Rosa‐Ramírez H, Aldas M, Ferri JM, López‐Martínez J, Samper MD. Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alicante Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y AgroindustriaEscuela Politécnica Nacional Quito Ecuador
| | - José Miguel Ferri
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alicante Spain
| | - Juan López‐Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alicante Spain
| | - María Dolores Samper
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alicante Spain
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28
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Li F, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chen Q, Li Y, You J. Graft ratio: Quantitative measurement and direct evidence for its blending sequence dependence during reactive compatibilization in PVDF/PLLA. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Functionalization of Partially Bio-Based Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) by Blending with Fully Bio-Based Poly(Amide) 10,10 and a Glycidyl Methacrylate-Based Compatibilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081331. [PMID: 31405161 PMCID: PMC6723675 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work shows the potential of binary blends composed of partially bio-based poly(ethyelene terephthalate) (bioPET) and fully bio-based poly(amide) 10,10 (bioPA1010). These blends are manufactured by extrusion and subsequent injection moulding and characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties. To overcome or minimize the immiscibility, a glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, namely poly(styrene-ran-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-GMA; Xibond™ 920) was used. The addition of 30 wt % bioPA provides increased renewable content up to 50 wt %, but the most interesting aspect is that bioPA contributes to improved toughness and other ductile properties such as elongation at yield. The morphology study revealed a typical immiscible droplet-like structure and the effectiveness of the PS-GMA copolymer was assessed by field emission scanning electron microcopy (FESEM) with a clear decrease in the droplet size due to compatibilization. It is possible to conclude that bioPA1010 can positively contribute to reduce the intrinsic stiffness of bioPET and, in addition, it increases the renewable content of the developed materials.
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Abstract
Demand for environmentally friendly plastic materials which are obtained from renewable resources such as biomass-based polyesters is of concern. Herein, the enhanced characteristic performances of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by employing the fabrication of PBS-based composites with the nanosilver-coated carbon black (AgCB) using an injection-molding method are reported. The preformed AgCB additives are priorly prepared by the benzoxazine oxidation method. Phase characterization of the obtained composite materials examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the crystalline PBS matrix and the presence of metallic silver particles, confirming the successful fabrication of the composite materials. Detailed analyses on thermal, mechanical, electrical, and antimicrobial properties of the composite materials are reported. The AgCB-PBS composite materials provide such potential features by an enhancement of electrical conductivity and the antimicrobial activity by an inhibition against E. coli and C. albicans. These AgCB-PBS composite materials show the possibility to be an option for antielectrostatic and antimicrobial applications such as for the production of smart, environmentally friendly keyboards.
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Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Different Lignocellulosic Residues to Chitosan/Glycerol Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040658. [PMID: 30974908 PMCID: PMC6523815 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in nanocellulose obtained from natural resources has grown, mainly due to the characteristics that these materials provide when incorporated in biodegradable films as an alternative for the improvement of the properties of nanocomposites. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of nanocellulose obtained from different fibers (corncob, corn husk, coconut shell, and wheat bran) into the chitosan/glycerol films. The nanocellulose were obtained through acid hydrolysis. The properties of the different nanobiocomposites were comparatively evaluated, including their barrier and mechanical properties. The nanocrystals obtained for coconut shell (CS), corn husk (CH), and corncob (CC) presented a length/diameter ratio of 40.18, 40.86, and 32.19, respectively. Wheat bran (WB) was not considered an interesting source of nanocrystals, which may be justified due to the low percentage of cellulose. Significant differences were observed in the properties of the films studied. The water activity varied from 0.601 (WB Film) to 0.658 (CH Film) and the moisture content from 15.13 (CS Film) to 20.86 (WB Film). The highest values for tensile strength were presented for CC (11.43 MPa) and CS (11.38 MPa) films, and this propriety was significantly increased by nanocellulose addition. The results showed that the source of the nanocrystal determined the properties of the chitosan/glycerol films.
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Ferreira F, Dufresne A, Pinheiro I, Souza D, Gouveia R, Mei L, Lona L. How do cellulose nanocrystals affect the overall properties of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites: A comprehensive review. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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