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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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2
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Bleton O, Beaucage N, Guerrero-Morales J, Collins SK. Photocatalytic Thiol-Yne Reactions of Alkynyl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38019972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-yne reactions typically employ thiols and terminal alkynes as the reaction partners. The thiol-yne reaction of alkynyl sulfides and thiols is possible when employing a nonmetal photocatalyst eosin Y, green LED irradiation, under an air atmosphere. Alkynyl sulfides were transformed in good overall yields (58-90% total yields, 11 examples) favoring the cis isomer. No addition to the α-position of the alkynyl sulfide is observed, and regioselectivity is believed to be controlled through the stabilization of radical intermediates by the adjacent sulfur atom. Furthermore, control experiments with "all-carbon" internal alkynes demonstrate that alkynyl sulfides possess improved reactivity and regioselectivity profiles during thiol-yne processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bleton
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2 V 0B3, Québec, Canada
| | - Noémie Beaucage
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2 V 0B3, Québec, Canada
| | - Javier Guerrero-Morales
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2 V 0B3, Québec, Canada
| | - Shawn K Collins
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2 V 0B3, Québec, Canada
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3
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Khan A. Thiol-epoxy 'click' chemistry: a focus on molecular attributes in the context of polymer chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11028-11044. [PMID: 37642518 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Base-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of epoxides with the thiol nucleophiles is useful in the preparation and post-polymerization modification of synthetic polymers. Due to its many beneficial characteristics, this process is referred to as the thiol-epoxy 'click' reaction. In this article, our aim is to discuss the fundamental attributes of this process by tracing our own steps in the field. We initially address the aspects of efficiency, regio-selectivity, stoichiometry, and reaction conditions with the help of linear, hyperbranched, graft, dendritic, and cross-linked poly(β-hydroxy thioether)s. A special emphasis is placed on hydrogel synthesis and photopolymerization on surfaces. Subsequently, quenching of the alkoxide anion is considered which is a critical step in the formation of the β-hydroxy thioether linkage upon completion of reaction. The amenability of further reaction on the hydroxy and thioether groups through esterification and sulfur alkylation is then discussed. Initially, post-gelation/fabrication modification of sulfide linkages is considered to obtain cationic sulfonium hydrogels and zwitterionic photopatterned networks with antibacterial and antibiofouling properties, respectively. A post-synthesis functionalization strategy is then described to access same centered and segregated main-chain poly(β-hydroxy sulfonium)s as potent antibacterial materials. In side-chain polysulfides, the sequential post-synthesis modifications involving poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffolds can lead to the formation of amphiphilic homopolymers. The application of such materials is discussed in the arena of siRNA delivery. Finally, concerns relating to the formation of disulfide defects and open research goals such as study of the orthogonality of the reaction are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzar Khan
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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4
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Yang X, Wang B, Peng D, Nie X, Wang J, Yu CY, Wei H. Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Injectable Hydrogels for Wound Dressing and Localized Tumor Therapy: A Review. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Dongdong Peng
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Xiaobo Nie
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Hua Wei
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
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5
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Bruña S, Valverde-González A, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Cuadrado I. Thiol-yne chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene: from synthesis and electrochemistry to theoretical studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15412-15424. [PMID: 36156664 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thiol-yne coupling chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene (FcCCFc) 1, bearing two electron rich and redox-active ferrocenyl units (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)) and an internal triple bond, has been investigated for the first time. In order to determine whether steric limitations might affect hydrothiolation, a model reaction using a functionalized monothiol was tested, namely 2-mercaptoethanol I. The thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions were initiated either thermally (in toluene with AIBN) or by UV light irradiation (in THF and in the presence of DMPA as the photoinitiator). The outcomes of these thiol-yne reactions showed a strong dependence on the initiation method used, with the thermally initiated one being the most efficient. These thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions mainly afforded the (Z)-stereoisomer of the newly obtained vinyl thioether sulfide FcCHC(Fc)S-(CH2)2OH (2), unlike the more common (E)-vinyl sulfides found in other additions to alkynes. The hydrothiolation of the internal -CC- bond in 1 was successfully extended to dithiol 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol II, leading to the formation of the (ZZ)-isomer, with four ferrocenyl units, as the major product. According to the electrochemical studies, the new asymmetrical ferrocenyl-vinyl sulfides show iron-iron electronic and electrostatic interactions. Theoretical results for the (Z)-stereoisomer (2) suggest that adiabatic oxidation would lead to the loss of almost one electron on the ferrocenyl subunit closer to the thioether chain. Furthermore, the thiol-yne chemistry of the internal -CC- bond in diferrocenylacetylene has been compared to the external triple bond in ethynylferrocene, the theoretical results of which helped us to rationalize the very different reactivities observed in both metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Synthesis of Metalorganic Copolymers Containing Various Contorted Units and Iron(II) Clathrochelates with Lateral Butyl Chains: Conspicuous Adsorbents of Lithium Ions and Methylene Blue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163394. [PMID: 36015650 PMCID: PMC9412635 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of three highly soluble metalorganic copolymers, TCP1-3, that were made from a one-pot complexation of iron(II) clathrochelate units that are interconnected by various thioether-containing contorted groups. TCP1-3 were converted into their poly(vinyl sulfone) derivatives OTCP1-3 quantitatively via the selective oxidation of the thioether moieties into their respective sulfones. All of the copolymers, TCP1-3 and OTCP1-3, underwent structural analysis by various techniques; namely, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The copolymers were tested as potent lithium ions adsorbents revealing a maximum adsorption (qm) value of 2.31 mg g-1 for OTCP2. Furthermore, this same copolymer was found to be a promising adsorbent of methylene blue (MEB); an isothermal adsorption study divulged that OTCP2's uptake of MEB from an aqueous solution (following the Langmuir model) was, at maximum adsorption capacity, (qm) of 480.77 mg g-1; whereas the kinetic study divulged that the adsorption follows pseudo second-order kinetics with an equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,cal) of 45.40 mg g-1.
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7
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Pektas B, Sagdic G, Daglar O, Luleburgaz S, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Ultrafast synthesis of dialkyne-functionalized polythioether and post-polymerization modification via click chemistry. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Zhao C, Sheng C, Zhou C. Fast Gelation of Poly(ionic liquid)-Based Injectable Antibacterial Hydrogels. Gels 2022; 8:52. [PMID: 35049587 PMCID: PMC8775204 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antibacterial hydrogels have a broad-spectrum bactericidal effect and are widely used as wound dressings. However, the biological toxicity and drug resistance of these antibacterial hydrogels cannot meet the requirements of long-term clinical application. Imidazolium poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) are polymeric antibacterial agents exhibiting strong antibacterial properties, as they contain a strong positive charge. In this study, two imidazolium PILs, namely poly(N-butylimidazolium propiolic acid sodium) (PBP) and poly(N-(3,6-dioxaoctane) imidazolium propiolic acid sodium) (PDP), as high efficiency antibacterial agents, were synthesized by polycondensation reaction. Then, the PILs were compounded with polyethylene glycol (PEG) by a thiol-yne click reaction to prepare injectable antibacterial hydrogels. An in vitro assay showed that the injectable antibacterial hydrogels could not only quickly kill Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), but also had low toxicity for human skin fibroblasts cells (HSFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively. Additionally, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model revealed that the injectable antibacterial hydrogels also had anti-inflammatory effects, which would be advantageous to accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhao
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China;
| | - Chengju Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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9
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Daglar O, Alkan B, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Ultrafast synthesis of phosphorus-containing polythioethers in the presence of TBD. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Alkan B, Daglar O, Luleburgaz S, Gungor B, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. One-pot cascade polycondensation and Passerini three-component reactions for the synthesis of functional polyesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot cascade four-component polymerization and post-polymerization modification reaction is introduced to synthetic polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Yalova Vocational School, University of Yalova, 77200 Yalova, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serter Luleburgaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Begum Gungor
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Alkan B, Daglar O, Aydogan Temel B, Durmaz H, Temel G. Rapid Synthesis of Polyester Based Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles via Intra-Molecular Aza Michael Addition Reaction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An alternative strategy was developed to prepare intramolecularly crosslinked soft nanoparticles using aza Michael addition reaction on a linear polyester (PCA) containing in-chain reactive triple bonds. The linear precursor was...
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12
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Pérez LA, Hernández R, Alonso JM, Pérez-González R, Sáez-Martínez V. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Crosslinked in Physiological Conditions: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1113. [PMID: 34572298 PMCID: PMC8466770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels display a wide variety of biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug vehiculization and controlled release. To date, most of the commercially available hyaluronic acid hydrogel formulations are produced under conditions that are not compatible with physiological ones. This review compiles the currently used approaches for the development of hyaluronic acid hydrogels under physiological/mild conditions. These methods include dynamic covalent processes such as boronic ester and Schiff-base formation and click chemistry mediated reactions such as thiol chemistry processes, azide-alkyne, or Diels Alder cycloaddition. Thermoreversible gelation of HA hydrogels at physiological temperature is also discussed. Finally, the most outstanding biomedical applications are indicated for each of the HA hydrogel generation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José María Alonso
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Raúl Pérez-González
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Virginia Sáez-Martínez
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
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13
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He XQ, Cui YY, Yang CX. Thiol-Yne Click Postsynthesis of a Sulfonate Group-Enriched Magnetic Microporous Organic Network for Efficient Extraction of Benzimidazole Fungicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39905-39914. [PMID: 34374514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lack of functional groups or binding sites largely hindered the broad application of microporous organic networks (MONs). Herein, we report the fabrication of the sulfonate group-enriched magnetic MON composite (MMON-SO3H@SO3Na) via the combination of the sulfonic acid group containing the monomer and thiol-yne click postmodification for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of benzimidazole fungicides (BZDs) from complex sample matrices. The well-defined core-shell-structured MMON-SO3H@SO3Na was obtained and served as an advanced adsorbent for MSPE for concentrating and monitoring trace BZDs. The MMON-SO3H@SO3Na with numerous sulfonate groups provides plenty of ion-exchange, hydrogen-bonding, and π-π sites, leading to the favorable affinity to BZDs via multiple interaction mechanisms. The MMON-SO3H@SO3Na-based MSPE-high-performance liquid chromatography method afforded a wide linear range, low limits of detection, large enrichment factors, good precisions, and reusability for BZDs. Trace BZDs in complex vegetables and fruit samples were successfully detected by the established method. The MMON-SO3H@SO3Na also exhibited good selectivity toward multiple types of polar contaminants containing hydrogen-bonding sites and aromatic structures. This work provided a new postsynthesis strategy for constructing novel and multifunctioned magnetic MONs for preconcentration of trace analytes in a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cui
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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All in one: The preparation of polyester/silica hybrid nanocomposites via three different metal-free click reactions. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Worch JC, Stubbs CJ, Price MJ, Dove AP. Click Nucleophilic Conjugate Additions to Activated Alkynes: Exploring Thiol-yne, Amino-yne, and Hydroxyl-yne Reactions from (Bio)Organic to Polymer Chemistry. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6744-6776. [PMID: 33764739 PMCID: PMC8227514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between activated alkynes or acetylenic Michael acceptors and nucleophiles (i.e., the nucleophilic Michael reaction) is a historically useful organic transformation. Despite its general utility, the efficiency and outcomes can vary widely and are often closely dependent upon specific reaction conditions. Nevertheless, with improvements in reaction design, including catalyst development and an expansion of the substrate scope to feature more electrophilic alkynes, many examples now present with features that are congruent with Click chemistry. Although several nucleophilic species can participate in these conjugate additions, ubiquitous nucleophiles such as thiols, amines, and alcohols are commonly employed and, consequently, among the most well developed. For many years, these conjugate additions were largely relegated to organic chemistry, but in the last few decades their use has expanded into other spheres such as bioorganic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Within these fields, they have been particularly useful for bioconjugation reactions and step-growth polymerizations, respectively, due to their excellent efficiency, orthogonality, and ambient reactivity. The reaction is expected to feature in increasingly divergent application settings as it continues to emerge as a Click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Worch
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Connor J. Stubbs
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Price
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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16
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Dynamic Ring-chain Equilibrium of Nucleophilic Thiol-yne “Click” Polyaddition for Recyclable Poly(dithioacetal)s. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Luleburgaz S, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Modification of Polyketone via Chlorodimethylsilane-Mediated Reductive Etherification Reaction: A Practical Way for Alkoxy-Functional Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serter Luleburgaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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18
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Costa AM, Bosch L, Petit E, Vilarrasa J. Computational Study of the Addition of Methanethiol to 40+ Michael Acceptors as a Model for the Bioconjugation of Cysteines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7107-7118. [PMID: 33914532 PMCID: PMC8631706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A long series of Michael acceptors are studied computationally as potential alternatives to the maleimides that are used in most antibody-drug conjugates to link Cys of mAbs with cytotoxic drugs. The products of the reaction of methanethiol (CH3SH/MeSH, as a simple model of Cys) with N-methylated ethynesulfonamide, 2-ethynylpyridinium ion, propynamide, and methyl ethynephosphonamidate (that is, with HC≡C-EWG) are predicted by the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) method to be thermodynamically more stable, in relation to their precursors, than that of MeSH with N-methylmaleimide and, in general, with H2C═CH-EWG; calculations with AcCysOMe and tBuSH are also included. However, for the addition of the anion (MeS-), which is the reactive species, the order changes and N-methylated 2-vinylpyridinium ion, 2,3-butadienamide, and maleimide may give more easily the anionic adducts than several activated triple bonds; moreover, the calculated ΔG⧧ values increase following the order HC≡C-SO2NHMe, N-methylmaleimide, HC≡C-PO(OMe)NHMe, and HC≡C-CONHMe. In other words, MeS- is predicted to react more rapidly with maleimides than with ethynephosphonamidates and with propynamides, in agreement with the experimental results. New mechanistic details are disclosed regarding the advantageous use of some amides, especially of ethynesulfonamides, which, however, are more prone to double additions and exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Costa
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Petit
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Organic
Chemistry Section,
Facultat de Química, Universitat
de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Gungor B, Daglar O, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. One‐Step Modification of Diacid‐Functional Polythioethers via Simultaneous Passerini and Esterification Reactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Gungor
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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20
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Nador F, Mancebo-Aracil J, Zanotto D, Ruiz-Molina D, Radivoy G. Thiol-yne click reaction: an interesting way to derive thiol-provided catechols. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2074-2082. [PMID: 35424146 PMCID: PMC8693720 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrothiolation of activated alkynes is presented as an attractive and powerful way to functionalize thiols bearing catechols. The reaction was promoted by a heterogeneous catalyst composed of copper nanoparticles supported on TiO2 (CuNPs/TiO2) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) under heating at 80 °C. The catalyst could be recovered and reused in three consecutive cycles, showing a slight decrease in its catalytic activity. Thiol derivatives bearing catechol moieties, obtained through a versatile Michael addition, were reacted with different activated alkynes, such as methyl propiolate, propiolic acid, propiolamide or 2-ethynylpyridine. The reaction was shown to be regio- and stereoselective towards anti-Markovnikov Z-vinyl sulfide in most cases studied. Finally, some catechol derivatives obtained were tested as ligands in the preparation of coordination polymer nanoparticles (CNPs), by taking the advantage of their different coordination sites with metals such as iron and cobalt. An attractive approach to the synthesis of catechol derivates through thiol-yne click reaction is presented. Compounds obtained were used in the preparation of CNPs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Nador
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Juan Mancebo-Aracil
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Duham Zanotto
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Insitut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2)
- Edifici ICN2
- UAB Campus
- 08193 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gabriel Radivoy
- Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET)
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
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21
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Barát V, Eom T, Khan A, Stuparu MC. Buckybowl polymers: synthesis of corannulene-containing polymers through post-polymerization modification strategy. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the synthesis of methacrylate polymers carrying buckybowl corannulene as the polymer side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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22
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Sagdic G, Daglar O, Gunay US, Cakmakci E, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. Practical phosphorylation of polymers: an easy access to fully alcohol soluble synthetically and industrially important polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the phosphorylation of synthetically and industrially important polymers is introduced to the polymer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Sagdic
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Emrah Cakmakci
- Department of Chemistry
- Marmara University
- 34722 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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23
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Beyer VP, Cattoz B, Becer CR. Thiol-Bromo Click Reaction for One-Pot Synthesis of Star-Shaped Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000519. [PMID: 33210395 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers have unique physical properties and they are sought after materials in industry. However, the ease of synthesis is essential for translation of these materials into large-scale applications. Herein, a highly efficient synthetic method to prepare star-shaped polymers by combination of Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP) and thiol-bromo click reaction is described. Well-defined linear and block polymers with a very high bromine chain end fidelity are obtained via Cu-RDRP and subsequently react with multi-functional thiol compounds. High coupling efficiencies of larger than 90% are obtained owing to the quick and efficient reaction between thiols and alkyl bromides. Moreover, the arms of the obtained star-shaped polymers are linked via thioether bonds to the core, making them susceptible for oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Peter Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Milton Hill Business & Technology Centre, Infineum UK Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX13 6BB, UK
| | - Caglar Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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24
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Eom T, Khan A. Polyselenonium salts: synthesis through sequential selenium-epoxy 'click' chemistry and Se-alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14271-14274. [PMID: 33124621 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the help of amphiphilic homopolymers, this work explores three new avenues in polymer chemistry: (i) the 'click' nature of the selenium-epoxy reaction, (ii) alkylation of the seleno-ethers as a means to prepare cationic polyelectrolytes, and (iii) the antibacterial activity of polyselenonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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