1
|
Gui H, Ma W, Cao Y, Chao H, Fan M, Dong Q, Li L. Sustained release, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of modified porous starch-based biodegradable polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate/thermoplastic starch active packaging film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131657. [PMID: 38636753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Porous starch (PS) is a modified starch with commendable biodegradable and adsorption properties. PS exhibits poor thermal stability, and the aqueous solution casting method is conventionally used for PS-activated packaging films. This approach limits the large-scale production of films and makes it difficult to play the functions of porous pores. In this study, PS was prepared by enzymatic digestion combined with freeze-drying and adsorbed with clove essential oil (CEO) after cross-linking with sodium trimetaphosphate. Subsequently, a novel PLA/PBAT/TPS/ScPS-CEO sustained release active packaging film was prepared by blending PLA, PBAT, TPS, and ScPS-CEO using industrial melt extrusion. Compared with PS, ScPS effectively slowed down the release of CEO from the film, with the maximum release of active substances at equilibrium increasing by approximately 100 %, which significantly enhanced the persistence of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The polylactic acid/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/trimetaphosphate-crosslinked porous starch incorporated with clove essential oil (PLA/PBAT/TPS/ScPS-CEO) film could reduce the proteolysis, lipid oxidation and microbial growth of salmon, extending its shelf life by approximately 100 % at 4 °C. These results indicate that the ScPS can be used in fresh packaging material in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wenya Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yichen Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Hui Chao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Latos-Brozio M, Czechowski L, Masek A. The Influence of Solar Ageing on the Compositions of Epoxy Resin with Natural Polyphenol Quercetin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1592. [PMID: 38612105 PMCID: PMC11012991 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Epoxy resin compositions are used in modern railways, replacing other materials. However, epoxy composites in public transport are subject to many requirements, including that they should be flame retardant and resistant to weather conditions. The aim of the research was to analyse the resistance to solar ageing of epoxy resin composites containing flame retardants and the addition of the natural stabilising substance-quercetin. The homogeneity of the samples (optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy) and their thermal stability (TGA thermogravimetry) were analysed. The T5 temperature, which is the initial temperature of thermal decomposition of the samples, was 7 °C higher for the epoxy resin containing quercetin, so the material with polyphenol was characterised by better thermal resistance. Changes in material properties (hardness, surface energy, carbonyl index, colour) after 800 h solar ageing were investigated. The tensile tests on materials were executed for three different directions before and after ageing effect. The samples showed good resistance to degradation factors, i.e., they retained the functional properties (hardness and mechanical properties). However, analysis of carbonyl indices and surface energies showed that changes appeared in the composites after solar ageing, suggesting the beginning of material degradation. An approximately 3-fold increase in the polar component in epoxy resin compositions (from approximately 3 mN/m to approximately 11 mN/m) is associated with an increase in their hydrophilicity and the progress of ageing of the materials' surface. The obtained results are an introduction to further research on the long-term degradation processes of epoxy resins with plant stabilisers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Latos-Brozio
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Leszek Czechowski
- Department of Strength of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao W, Liu J, Wang S, Dai J, Liu X. Bio-Based Thermosetting Resins: From Molecular Engineering to Intrinsically Multifunctional Customization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311242. [PMID: 38504494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in bio-based thermosetting resins in terms of environmental concerns and the desire for sustainable industrial practices. Beyond sustainability, utilizing the structural diversity of renewable feedstock to craft bio-based thermosets with customized functionalities is very worthy of expectation. There exist many bio-based compounds with inherently unique chemical structures and functions, some of which are even difficult to synthesize artificially. Over the past decade, great efforts are devoted to discovering/designing functional properties of bio-based thermosets, and notable progress have been made in antibacterial, antifouling, flame retardancy, serving as carbon precursors, and stimuli responsiveness, among others, largely expanding their application potential and future prospects. In this review, recent advances in the field of functional bio-based thermosets are presented, with a particular focus on molecular structures and design strategies for discovering functional properties. Examples are highlighted wherein functionalities are facilitated by the inherent structures of bio-based feedstock. Perspectives on issues regarding further advances in this field are proposed at the end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jingkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Jinyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Xu Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Yang B, Hu R, Zou J, Zheng C, Qian Q. Study on Thermomechanical Properties and Morphology of an Epoxy Resin Thermally Conductive Adhesive under Different Curing Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11637-11645. [PMID: 38497002 PMCID: PMC10938327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive is a type of thermosetting polymer encapsulation material that exhibits comprehensive performance, and the thermomechanical properties of this adhesive vary significantly under different curing conditions. In this paper, spherical alumina was used as a filler for thermal conductivity to prepare an epoxy resin thermal conductivity adhesive using a multistage freezing mixing method. The effects of various curing conditions on the thermal-mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the epoxy resin thermal conductivity adhesive were studied. The results showed that the curing condition of 150 °C/2.5 h significantly improved the performance of the epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive. Through the shear test of the composite material, the influence of the curing agent on the adhesion of the thermally conductive adhesive under fixed conditions was explored. It was found that the curing agent with a superbranched structure exhibited latent properties and greatly enhanced the toughness of the cured epoxy resin product. Altering the curing conditions increases the shear strength by up to 307%. With the increase in curing temperature and the extension of curing temperature, the glass transition temperature gradually increased from 103.9 to 159.8 °C. The initial decomposition temperature TIDT gradually increased from 295.4 to 310.1 °C, and the temperature at which the fastest decomposition rate occurs (Tmax) gradually increased from 312.48 to 330.33 °C. The thermal stability of the substance increased with both temperature and time. The curing time and curing temperature were increased, and the morphology of the fracture of the epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive cured sample gradually showed a ductile fracture from a typical brittle fracture. The research results reveal the influence of curing conditions on the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive, which has a specific reference value for improving the performance of the epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive, optimizing its usage conditions, and improving production efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yingxuan Huang
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yang Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai
Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School
of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Changran Zheng
- Academy
for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Zhejiang
Silanex Technology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd., No 318, Yongyuan Road, Lunan Street, Luqiao District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318050, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alamfard T, Lorenz T, Breitkopf C. Glass Transition Temperatures and Thermal Conductivities of Polybutadiene Crosslinked with Randomly Distributed Sulfur Chains Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:384. [PMID: 38337272 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal conductivities and glass transition temperatures of polybutadiene crosslinked with randomly distributed sulfur chains having different lengths from mono-sulfur (S1) to octa-sulfur (S8) were investigated. The thermal conductivities of the related models as a function of the heat flux autocorrelation function, applying an equilibrium molecular dynamic (EMD) simulation and the Green-Kubo method, were studied for a wide range of temperatures. The influence of the length of sulfur chains, degree of crosslinking, and molar mass of the crosslinker on the glass transition temperature and final values of thermal conductivities were studied. First, the degree of crosslinking is considered constant for the eight simulation models, from mono-sulfur (S1) to octa-sulfur (S8), while the molar mass of the sulfur is increases. The results show that the thermal conductivities of the crosslinked structure decrease with increasing temperature for each model. Moreover, by increasing the lengths of the sulfur chains and the molar weight of the crosslinker, thermal conductivity increases at a constant temperature. The MD simulation demonstrates that the glass transition temperature and density of the crosslinked structure enhance as the length of the sulfur chains and molar mass of the sulfur increase. Second, the molar weight of sulfur is considered constant in these eight models; therefore, the degree of crosslinking decreases with the increase in the lengths of the sulfur chains. The results show that the thermal conductivities of the crosslinked structure decrease with the increase in the temperature for each model. Moreover, by increasing the lengths of sulfur chains and thus decreasing the degree of crosslinking, the trend in changes in thermal conductivities are almost the same for all of these models, so thermal conductivity is constant for a specific temperature. In addition, the glass transition temperature and density of the crosslinked structure decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Alamfard
- Chair of Thermodynamics, Institute of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tommy Lorenz
- Chair of Thermodynamics, Institute of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Breitkopf
- Chair of Thermodynamics, Institute of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Wan Y, Yang N, Hou Y, Chen D, Liu J, Cai G, Wang M. The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:348. [PMID: 38255516 PMCID: PMC10817621 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, as well as the composition evolution of the coatings, were investigated by using large-plate combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, a cone calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis, a N2 adsorption and desorption test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a tensile strength test, and a viscosity test. The results showed that the addition of 14BBDE and T403 promoted the oxidation of B4C and the formation of boron-containing glass or ceramics, increased the residual mass of char, densified the surface char layer, and increased the specific surface area of porous residual char. When their dosage was 30%, ESB-1T-3 coating exhibited the most excellent flame-retardant properties. During the 2 h large-plate combustion test, the backside temperature was only 138.72 °C, without any melting pits. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production (PSPR) were reduced by 13.15%, 13.9%, 5.48%, and 17.45%, respectively, compared to the blank ESB coating. The LOI value reached 33.4%, and the vertical combustion grade was V-0. In addition, the tensile strength of the ESB-1T-3 sample was increased by 10.94% compared to ESB. In contrast, the addition of BGE and DDM promoted the combustion of the coating, affected the ceramic process of the coating, seriously affected the formation of borosilicate glass, and exhibited poor flame retardancy. The backside temperature reached 190.93 °C after 2 h combustion. A unified rule is that as the amount of diluent and curing agent increases, the flame retardancy improves while the mechanical properties decrease. This work provides data support for the preparation and process optimization of resin-based coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Yang
- School of Materials and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Y.); (J.L.)
- Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Yange Wan
- Department of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China; (Y.W.); (N.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China; (Y.W.); (N.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yilin Hou
- Department of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China; (Y.W.); (N.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Dantong Chen
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China;
| | - Jiachen Liu
- School of Materials and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China; (Y.W.); (N.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Department of Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China; (Y.W.); (N.Y.); (Y.H.)
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, 2898 Jinbei Road, Tianjin 300300, China;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
You Y, Wang Z, Chen Q, Li H, Jin L, Ma K, Huang C, Xie H. Robust Vanillin-Derived Poly(thioether imidazoles) as Both a Latent Curing and Toughening Agent for One-Component Epoxy Resins. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1151-1158. [PMID: 37505463 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
One-component epoxy resins based on latent curing agents have garnered research attention owing to their outstanding storage stability and excellent processability, while their development considerably depends on the design and preparation of sustainable latent curing agents. Herein, taking structural advantage of lignin-derived vanillin, a biobased polymerizable aromatic imidazole monomer with α,ω-diene functionality was designed and prepared, which was applicable in subsequent thiol-ene polymerization, yielding a series of robust poly(thioether imidazoles) with excellent tunability of the structure and properties. The findings indicated that the precursors comprising poly(thioether imidazole) and commercially available epoxy resins could keep their fluidity at 25 °C for over 90 days and rapidly cured into resins under elevated temperature, demonstrating that the poly(thioether imidazole) can serve as both a latent curing and toughening agent for one-component epoxy resins because of homopolymerization initiated by imidazole groups and the introduction of an aliphatic chain in the as-prepared poly(thioether imidazole) matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhelin Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Longming Jin
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Caijuan Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Xu M, Yang X, Li T, Du Y, Liu Y, Song H. Stretchable and recyclable gelatin Ionogel based ionic skin with extensive temperature tolerant, self-healing, UV-shielding, and sensing capabilities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125417. [PMID: 37331536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating sustainable ionic skin with multi-functional outstanding performances using biocompatible natural polymer-based ionogel is highly desired but remains a great challenge up to now. Herein, a green and recyclable ionogel has been fabricated by in-situ cross-linking of gelatin with a green bio-based multifunctional cross-linker of Triglycidyl Naringenin in ionic liquid. Benefiting from the unique multifunctional chemical crosslinking networks along with multiple reversible non-covalent interactions, the as-prepared ionogels exhibit high stretchability (>1000 %), excellent elasticity, fast room-temperature self-healability (>98 % healing efficiency at 6 min), and good recyclability. These ionogels are also highly conductive (up to 30.7 mS/cm at 150 °C), and exhibit extensive temperature tolerance (-23 to 252 °C) and outstanding UV-shielding ability. As a result, the as-prepared ionogel can easily be applied as stretchable ionic skin for wearable sensors, which exhibits high sensitivity, fast response time (102 ms), excellent temperature tolerance, and stability over 5000 stretching-relaxing cycles. More importantly, the gelatin-based sensor can be used in signal monitor system for various human motion real-time detection. This sustainable and multifunctional ionogel provides a new idea for easy and green preparation of advanced ionic skins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yonggang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050043, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin Y, Meng F, Xu C, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Li S, Yuan X. Preparation and Performance of Novel Flavonoid Phenols-Based Biomass-Modified Phenol Formaldehyde Resins. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
10
|
Synthesis and applications of a new type of 1,4-diaminophenyltetraglycidyl amine. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
Chen F, Liu F, Du X. Molecular dynamics simulation of crosslinking process and mechanical properties of epoxy under the accelerator. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding Hunan University Changsha China
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding Hunan University Changsha China
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding Hunan University Changsha China
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar B, Roy S, Agumba DO, Pham DH, Kim J. Effect of bio-based derived epoxy resin on interfacial adhesion of cellulose film and applicability towards natural jute fiber-reinforced composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1304-1313. [PMID: 36198365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a bio-based vanillin-derived epoxy (VDE) resin for bio-based natural fiber-reinforced composites. VDE monomer was synthesized, and curing agents, namely, 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and isophorone diamine, were used. The prepared VDE resins with various curing parameters were characterized using FTIR, NMR, tensile test, bending test and water contact angle. Further, the interfacial adhesion feasibility of VDE resins on cellulose film was studied through the single-lap shear joint examination and compared with a commercial epoxy, DGEBA. The VDE-DDM resin exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion with cellulose than VDE-IPDA and DGEBA-DDM resins. The cured VDE-DDM thermoset showed a tensile strength of 86.0 ± 6.5 MPa, thermal stability of 241.0 °C at Td5%, and an elastic modulus of 2.9 ± 0.3 GPa, which is better than the commercial epoxy resin. Besides, the developed VDE-DDM resin was used to fabricate treated-jute fiber (TJF)-reinforced composites. The bio-based VDE-DDM/TJF composite's flexural strength was higher than the commercial epoxy resin composite, DGEBA-DDM/TJF. Furthermore, the phosphorus moiety of the VDE-DDM resin endows flame retardancy to the VDE-DDM/TJF composite during combustion. Overall, the appealing properties of bio-based VDE-DDM/TJF composite render environment-friendly and high-performance structural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarup Roy
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dickens O Agumba
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc H Pham
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Natural polymers, such as starch, and polymers derived from renewable resources, such as vegetable oils, have been considered as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics during recent decades, due to environmental concerns. Indeed, these materials can offer a variety of advantages, such as low cost, wide availability, carbon neutrality, elevated thermal stability, and easily tunable mechanical properties. However, some of these polymers alone exhibit poor mechanical properties, making them not suitable for some applications. Hence, the reinforcement of these bio-based polymers with other materials is often considered to overcome this challenge. In this work, thermosetting composites based on tung and linseed oil resins were prepared using starch as reinforcement. Analyses from Soxhlet extractions showed that the higher the concentration of tung oil in comparison to linseed oil in the resins, the lower the mass of unreacted material, leading to an optimum resin entirely based on tung oil. Dielectric analysis (DEA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the polymerization was completed in 3 h 20 min, at 140 °C, and that the composites were thermally stable until 270 °C. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirmed that the addition of starch to the resins increased the room temperature storage modulus (E′25) from 94 MPa to 893 MPa. Composites prepared with a resin formulation that did not contain a compatibilizer exhibited E′25 of 441 MPa. The composites investigated in this work are promising candidates for applications that require improved mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
14
|
Busiak R, Masek A, Węgier A, Rylski A. Accelerated Aging of Epoxy Biocomposites Filled with Cellulose. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093256. [PMID: 35591590 PMCID: PMC9104355 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presented research concerns the mechanochemical modification of a snap-cure type of epoxy resin, A.S. SET 1010, with the addition of different amounts of cellulose (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 per 100 resin), for a novel, controlled-degradation material with possible application in the production of passenger seats in rail transport. Composite samples were prepared on a hydraulic press in ac-cordance with the resin manufacturer’s recommendations, in the form of tiles with dimensions of 80 × 80 × 1 mm. The prepared samples were subjected to thermo-oxidative aging and weathering for a period of 336 h. Changes in the color and surface defects in the investigated composites were evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Cie-Lab). The degree of degradation by changes in the chemical structure of the samples was analyzed using FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. Differential scan-ning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were performed, and the sur-face energy of the samples was determined by measuring the contact angle of droplets. Tests were performed to determine changes in cellulose-filled epoxy resin composites after thermo-oxidative aging and weathering. It was found out that the addition of cellulose did not inflict sufficient changes to the properties within tested parameters. In the tested case, cellulose acted as a natural active biofiller. Our research is in line with the widespread pursuit of pro-ecological solutions in industry and the creation of materials with a positive impact on the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Busiak
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (R.B.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (R.B.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Węgier
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (R.B.); (A.W.)
- S.Z.T.K. “TAPS”—Maciej Kowalski, ul. Borowa 4, 94-247 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Rylski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang J, Fu P, Li W, Xiao L, Chen J, Nie X. Influence of crosslinking density on the mechanical and thermal properties of plant oil-based epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23048-23056. [PMID: 36090445 PMCID: PMC9379777 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant oil-based epoxy resins are of great interest due to their ecological and economic necessity. Previous studies suggested that the crosslinking density had a considerable influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of plant oil-based epoxy resins. However, so far, the relationship between the crosslinking density and the thermo-mechanical properties of plant oil-based epoxy resins is not clear. To address this issue, model tung oil-based epoxy resins with different crosslinking densities were fabricated to investigate the influence of crosslinking density on the mechanical and thermal properties of tung oil-based epoxy resins. Results show that the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and glass transition temperature are linearly increased with increasing crosslinking density. The elongation at break and tensile toughness show nonlinear downward trends as the crosslinking density increases. The elongation at break decreases gently at first, then dramatically, and finally slowly as the crosslinking density increases. The tensile toughness declines sharply at first and then slowly with increasing crosslinking density. The relationship between the thermostability and the crosslinking density is complex, because the thermostability is determined by both the molecular structure of the curing system and the crosslinking density. These results provide some information for designing plant oil-based epoxy resins according to the requirements of their applications. Plant oil-based epoxy resins are of great interest due to their ecological and economic necessity. In this study, the relationship between the crosslinking density and the thermo-mechanical properties of tung oil-based epoxy resins was established.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Huang
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Laihui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center for Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|