1
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Muranov KO, Ostrovsky MA. Biochemistry of Eye Lens in the Norm and in Cataractogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:106-120. [PMID: 35508906 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of cellular organelles in fiber cells and very high cytoplasmic protein concentration (up to 900 mg/ml) minimize light scattering in the lens and ensure its transparency. Low oxygen concentration, powerful defense systems (antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, chaperone-like protein alpha-crystallin, etc.) maintain lens transparency. On the other hand, the ability of crystallins to accumulate age-associated post-translational modifications, which reduce the resistance of lens proteins to oxidative stress, is an important factor contributing to the cataract formation. Here, we suggest a mechanism of cataractogenesis common for the action of different cataractogenic factors, such as age, radiation, ultraviolet light, diabetes, etc. Exposure to these factors leads to the damage and death of lens epithelium, which allows oxygen to penetrate into the lens through the gaps in the epithelial layer and cause oxidative damage to crystallins, resulting in protein denaturation, aggregation, and formation of multilamellar bodies (the main cause of lens opacification). The review discusses various approaches to the inhibition of lens opacification (cataract development), in particular, a combined use of antioxidants and compounds enhancing the chaperone-like properties of alpha-crystallin. We also discuss the paradox of high efficiency of anti-cataract drugs in laboratory settings with the lack of their clinical effect, which might be due to the late use of the drugs at the stage, when the opacification has already formed. A probable solution to this situation will be development of new diagnostic methods that will allow to predict the emergence of cataract long before the manifestation of its clinical signs and to start early preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin O Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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2
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Hayashi J, Ton J, Negi S, Stephens DEKM, Pountney DL, Preiss T, Carver JA. The Effect of Oxidized Dopamine on the Structure and Molecular Chaperone Function of the Small Heat-Shock Proteins, αB-Crystallin and Hsp27. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073700. [PMID: 33918165 PMCID: PMC8037807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidized DA forms adducts with proteins which can alter their functionality. αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are intracellular, small heat-shock molecular chaperone proteins (sHsps) which form the first line of defense to prevent protein aggregation under conditions of cellular stress. In vitro, the effects of oxidized DA on the structure and function of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 were investigated. Oxidized DA promoted the cross-linking of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 to form well-defined dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc., species, as monitored by SDS-PAGE. Lysine residues were involved in the cross-links. The secondary structure of the sHsps was not altered significantly upon cross-linking with oxidized DA but their oligomeric size was increased. When modified with a molar equivalent of DA, sHsp chaperone functionality was largely retained in preventing both amorphous and amyloid fibrillar aggregation, including fibril formation of mutant (A53T) α-synuclein, a protein whose aggregation is associated with autosomal PD. In the main, higher levels of sHsp modification with DA led to a reduction in chaperone effectiveness. In vivo, DA is sequestered into acidic vesicles to prevent its oxidation and, intracellularly, oxidation is minimized by mM levels of the antioxidant, glutathione. In vitro, acidic pH and glutathione prevented the formation of oxidized DA-induced cross-linking of the sHsps. Oxidized DA-modified αB-crystallin and Hsp27 were not cytotoxic. In a cellular context, retention of significant chaperone functionality by mildly oxidized DA-modified sHsps would contribute to proteostasis by preventing protein aggregation (particularly of α-synuclein) that is associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Hayashi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Ton
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Sparsh Negi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Daniel E. K. M. Stephens
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Dean L. Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6125-9748
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3
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Abstract
In vivo, small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are key players in maintaining a healthy proteome. αB-crystallin (αB-c) or HspB5 is one of the most widespread and populous of the ten human sHsps. Intracellularly, αB-c acts via its molecular chaperone action as the first line of defence in preventing target protein unfolding and aggregation under conditions of cellular stress. In this review, we explore how the structure of αB-c confers its function and interactions within its oligomeric self, with other sHsps, and with aggregation-prone target proteins. Firstly, the interaction between the two highly conserved regions of αB-c, the central α-crystallin domain and the C-terminal IXI motif and how this regulates αB-c chaperone activity are explored. Secondly, subunit exchange is rationalised as an integral structural and functional feature of αB-c. Thirdly, it is argued that monomeric αB-c may be its most chaperone-species active, but at the cost of increased hydrophobicity and instability. Fourthly, the reasons why hetero-oligomerisation of αB-c with other sHsps is important in regulating cellular proteostasis are examined. Finally, the interaction of αB-c with aggregation-prone, partially folded target proteins is discussed. Overall, this paper highlights the remarkably diverse capabilities of αB-c as a caretaker of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Hayashi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Muranov KO, Poliansky NB, Chebotareva NA, Kleimenov SY, Bugrova AE, Indeykina MI, Kononikhin AS, Nikolaev EN, Ostrovsky MA. The mechanism of the interaction of α-crystallin and UV-damaged β L-crystallin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:736-748. [PMID: 31445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin maintains the transparency of the lens by preventing the aggregation of damaged proteins. The aim of our work was to study the chaperone-like activity of native α-crystallin in near physiological conditions (temperature, ionic power, pH) using UV-damaged βL-crystallin as the target protein. α-Crystallin in concentration depended manner inhibits the aggregation of UV-damaged βL-crystallin. DSC investigation has shown that refolding of denatured UV-damaged βL-crystallin was not observed under incubation with α-crystallin. α-Crystallin and UV-damaged βL-crystallin form dynamic complexes with masses from 75 to several thousand kDa. The content of UV-damaged βL-crystallin in such complexes increases with the mass of the complex. Complexes containing >10% of UV-damaged βL-crystallin are prone to precipitation whereas those containing <10% of the target protein are relatively stable. Formation of a stable 75 kDa complex is indicative of α-crystallin dissociation. We suppose that α-crystallin dissociation is the result of an interaction of comparable amounts of the chaperone-like protein and the target protein. In the lens simultaneous damage of such amounts of protein, mainly β and gamma-crystallins, is impossible. The authors suggest that in the lens rare molecules of the damaged protein interact with undissociated oligomers of α-crystallin, and thus preventing aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N B Poliansky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Chebotareva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology"of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
| | - S Yu Kleimenov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - A E Bugrova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M I Indeykina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Kononikhin
- Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - E N Nikolaev
- Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - M A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Santhanagopalan I, Degiacomi MT, Shepherd DA, Hochberg GKA, Benesch JLP, Vierling E. It takes a dimer to tango: Oligomeric small heat shock proteins dissociate to capture substrate. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19511-19521. [PMID: 30348902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones, and sHsp mutations or altered expression are linked to multiple human disease states. sHsp monomers assemble into large oligomers with dimeric substructure, and the dynamics of sHsp oligomers has led to major questions about the form that captures substrate, a critical aspect of their mechanism of action. We show here that substructural dimers of two plant dodecameric sHsps, Ta16.9 and homologous Ps18.1, are functional units in the initial encounter with unfolding substrate. We introduced inter-polypeptide disulfide bonds at the two dodecameric interfaces, dimeric and nondimeric, to restrict how their assemblies can dissociate. When disulfide-bonded at the nondimeric interface, mutants of Ta16.9 and Ps18.1 (TaCT-ACD and PsCT-ACD) were inactive but, when reduced, had WT-like chaperone activity, demonstrating that dissociation at nondimeric interfaces is essential for sHsp activity. Moreover, the size of the TaCT-ACD and PsCT-ACD covalent unit defined a new tetrahedral geometry for these sHsps, different from that observed in the Ta16.9 X-ray structure. Importantly, oxidized Tadimer (disulfide bonded at the dimeric interface) exhibited greatly enhanced ability to protect substrate, indicating that strengthening the dimeric interface increases chaperone efficiency. Temperature-induced size and secondary structure changes revealed that folded sHsp dimers interact with substrate and that dimer stability affects chaperone efficiency. These results yield a model in which sHsp dimers capture substrate before assembly into larger, heterogeneous sHsp-substrate complexes for substrate refolding or degradation, and suggest that tuning the strength of the dimer interface can be used to engineer sHsp chaperone efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Santhanagopalan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Matteo T Degiacomi
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and.,Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dale A Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and
| | - Georg K A Hochberg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003,
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6
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3D structure of the native α-crystallin from bovine eye lens. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1289-1298. [PMID: 29870813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin is the major eye lens protein that has been shown to support lens transparency by preventing the aggregation of lens proteins. The 3D structure of α-crystallin is largely unknown. Electron microscopy, single-particle 3D reconstruction, size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to study the structure of the native α-crystallin. Native α-crystallin has a wide distribution in size. The shape of mass distribution is temperature-dependent, but the oligomers with a sedimentation coefficient of ~22 S (750-830 kDa) strongly prevailed at all temperatures used. A 3D model of native α-crystallin with resolution of ~2 nm was created. The model is asymmetrical, has an elongated bean-like shape 13 × 19 nm with a dense core and filamentous "kernel". It does not contain a central cavity. The majority of α-crystallin particles regardless of experimental conditions are 13 × 19 nm, which corresponds to 22S sedimentation coefficient, hydrodynamic diameter 20 nm and mass of 750-830 kD. These particles are in dynamic equilibrium with particles of smaller and larger sizes.
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Wright MA, Aprile FA, Bellaiche MMJ, Michaels TCT, Müller T, Arosio P, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM, Knowles TPJ. Cooperative Assembly of Hsp70 Subdomain Clusters. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3641-3649. [PMID: 29763298 PMCID: PMC6202011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many molecular chaperones exist as oligomeric complexes in their functional states, yet the physical determinants underlying such self-assembly behavior, as well as the role of oligomerization in the activity of molecular chaperones in inhibiting protein aggregation, have proven to be difficult to define. Here, we demonstrate direct measurements under native conditions of the changes in the average oligomer populations of a chaperone system as a function of concentration and time and thus determine the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters governing the self-assembly process. We access this self-assembly behavior in real time under native-like conditions by monitoring the changes in the micrometer-scale diffusion of the different complexes in time and space using a microfluidic platform. Using this approach, we find that the oligomerization mechanism of the Hsp70 subdomain occurs in a cooperative manner and involves structural constraints that limit the size of the species formed beyond the limits imposed by mass balance. These results illustrate the ability of microfluidic methods to probe polydisperse protein self-assembly in real time in solution and to shed light on the nature and dynamics of oligomerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Wright
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Fluidic Analytics Ltd. , Cambridge , U.K
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Mathias M J Bellaiche
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Fluidic Analytics Ltd. , Cambridge , U.K
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI F 105 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
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8
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Rutsdottir G, I Rasmussen M, Hojrup P, Bernfur K, Emanuelsson C, Söderberg CAG. Chaperone-client interactions between Hsp21 and client proteins monitored in solution by small angle X-ray scattering and captured by crosslinking mass spectrometry. Proteins 2017; 86:110-123. [PMID: 29082555 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein (sHsp) chaperones are important for stress survival, yet the molecular details of how they interact with client proteins are not understood. All sHsps share a folded middle domain to which is appended flexible N- and C-terminal regions varying in length and sequence between different sHsps which, in different ways for different sHsps, mediate recognition of client proteins. In plants there is a chloroplast-localized sHsp, Hsp21, and a structural model suggests that Hsp21 has a dodecameric arrangement with six N-terminal arms located on the outside of the dodecamer and six inwardly-facing. Here, we investigated the interactions between Hsp21 and thermosensitive model substrate client proteins in solution, by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and crosslinking mass spectrometry. The chaperone-client complexes were monitored and the Rg -values were found to increase continuously during 20 min at 45°, which could reflect binding of partially unfolded clients to the flexible N-terminal arms of the Hsp21 dodecamer. No such increase in Rg -values was observed with a mutational variant of Hsp21, which is mainly dimeric and has reduced chaperone activity. Crosslinking data suggest that the chaperone-client interactions involve the N-terminal region in Hsp21 and only certain parts in the client proteins. These parts are peripheral structural elements presumably the first to unfold under destabilizing conditions. We propose that the flexible and hydrophobic N-terminal arms of Hsp21 can trap and refold early-unfolding intermediates with or without dodecamer dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Rutsdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Morten I Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Hojrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katja Bernfur
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden
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9
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Garvey M, Ecroyd H, Ray NJ, Gerrard JA, Carver JA. Functional Amyloid Protection in the Eye Lens: Retention of α-Crystallin Molecular Chaperone Activity after Modification into Amyloid Fibrils. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030067. [PMID: 28895938 PMCID: PMC5618248 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation occurs from a wide range of peptides and proteins and is typically associated with a loss of protein function and/or a gain of toxic function, as the native structure of the protein undergoes major alteration to form a cross β-sheet array. It is now well recognised that some amyloid fibrils have a biological function, which has led to increased interest in the potential that these so-called functional amyloids may either retain the function of the native protein, or gain function upon adopting a fibrillar structure. Herein, we investigate the molecular chaperone ability of α-crystallin, the predominant eye lens protein which is composed of two related subunits αA- and αB-crystallin, and its capacity to retain and even enhance its chaperone activity after forming aggregate structures under conditions of thermal and chemical stress. We demonstrate that both eye lens α-crystallin and αB-crystallin (which is also found extensively outside the lens) retain, to a significant degree, their molecular chaperone activity under conditions of structural change, including after formation into amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates. The results can be related directly to the effects of aging on the structure and chaperone function of α-crystallin in the eye lens, particularly its ability to prevent crystallin protein aggregation and hence lens opacification associated with cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Garvey
- CSL Limited, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Nicholas J Ray
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Juliet A Gerrard
- School of Biological Science and School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
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10
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Carver JA, Grosas AB, Ecroyd H, Quinlan RA. The functional roles of the unstructured N- and C-terminal regions in αB-crystallin and other mammalian small heat-shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:627-638. [PMID: 28391594 PMCID: PMC5465038 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), such as αB-crystallin, are one of the major classes of molecular chaperone proteins. In vivo, under conditions of cellular stress, sHsps are the principal defence proteins that prevent large-scale protein aggregation. Progress in determining the structure of sHsps has been significant recently, particularly in relation to the conserved, central and β-sheet structured α-crystallin domain (ACD). However, an understanding of the structure and functional roles of the N- and C-terminal flanking regions has proved elusive mainly because of their unstructured and dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose functional roles for both flanking regions, based around three properties: (i) they act in a localised crowding manner to regulate interactions with target proteins during chaperone action, (ii) they protect the ACD from deleterious amyloid fibril formation and (iii) the flexibility of these regions, particularly at the extreme C-terminus in mammalian sHsps, provides solubility for sHsps under chaperone and non-chaperone conditions. In the eye lens, these properties are highly relevant as the crystallin proteins, in particular the two sHsps αA- and αB-crystallin, are present at very high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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11
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Wright MA, Aprile FA, Arosio P, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM, Knowles TPJ. Biophysical approaches for the study of interactions between molecular chaperones and protein aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14425-34. [PMID: 26328629 PMCID: PMC8597951 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are key components of the arsenal of cellular defence mechanisms active against protein aggregation. In addition to their established role in assisting protein folding, increasing evidence indicates that molecular chaperones are able to protect against a range of potentially damaging aspects of protein behaviour, including misfolding and aggregation events that can result in the generation of aberrant protein assemblies whose formation is implicated in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The interactions between molecular chaperones and different amyloidogenic protein species are difficult to study owing to the inherent heterogeneity of the aggregation process as well as the dynamic nature of molecular chaperones under physiological conditions. As a consequence, understanding the detailed microscopic mechanisms underlying the nature and means of inhibition of aggregate formation remains challenging yet is a key objective for protein biophysics. In this review, we discuss recent results from biophysical studies on the interactions between molecular chaperones and protein aggregates. In particular, we focus on the insights gained from current experimental techniques into the dynamics of the oligomerisation process of molecular chaperones, and highlight the opportunities that future biophysical approaches have in advancing our understanding of the great variety of biological functions of this important class of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
| | - Francesco A. Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB2 1EWUK+44 (0)1223 336300
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12
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Raju M, Santhoshkumar P, Krishna Sharma K. Alpha-crystallin-derived peptides as therapeutic chaperones. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:246-51. [PMID: 26141743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demonstration of chaperone-like activity in peptides (mini-chaperones) derived from α-crystallin's chaperone region has generated significant interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of peptide chaperones in diseases of protein aggregation. Recent studies in experimental animals show that mini-chaperones could reach intended targets and alter the disease phenotype. Although mini-chaperones show potential benefits against protein aggregation diseases, they do tend to form aggregates on storage. There is thus a need to fine-tune peptide chaperones to increase their solubility, pharmacokinetics, and biological efficacy. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the properties and the potential therapeutic roles of mini-chaperones in protein aggregation diseases and highlights some of the refinements needed to increase the stability and biological efficacy of mini-chaperones while maintaining or enhancing their chaperone-like activity against precipitation of unfolding proteins. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mini-chaperones suppress the aggregation of proteins, block amyloid fibril formation, stabilize mutant proteins, sequester metal ions, and exhibit antiapoptotic properties. Much work must be done to fine-tune mini-chaperones and increase their stability and biological efficacy. Peptide chaperones could have a great therapeutic value in diseases associated with protein aggregation and apoptosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a primary cause for many age-related diseases, including cataract, macular degeneration, and various neurological diseases. Stabilization of native proteins is a logical therapeutic approach for such diseases. Mini-chaperones, with their inherent antiaggregation and antiapoptotic properties, may represent an effective therapeutic molecule to prevent the cascade of protein conformational disorders. Future studies will further uncover the therapeutic potential of mini-chaperones. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Raju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Puttur Santhoshkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - K Krishna Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Nagaraj RH, Nahomi RB, Mueller NH, Raghavan CT, Ammar DA, Petrash JM. Therapeutic potential of α-crystallin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:252-7. [PMID: 25840354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings that α-crystallins are multi-functional proteins with diverse biological functions have generated considerable interest in understanding their role in health and disease. Recent studies have shown that chaperone peptides of α-crystallin could be delivered into cultured cells and in experimental animals with beneficial effects against protein aggregation, oxidation, inflammation and apoptosis. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we will summarize the latest developments on the therapeutic potential of α-crystallins and their functional peptides. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS α-Crystallins and their functional peptides have shown significant favorable effects against several diseases. Their targeted delivery to tissues would be of great therapeutic benefit. However, α-crystallins can also function as disease-causing proteins. These seemingly contradictory functions must be carefully considered prior to their therapeutic use. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE αA and αB-Crystallin are members of the small heat shock protein family. These proteins exhibit molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. The core crystallin domain within these proteins is largely responsible for these prosperities. Recent studies have identified peptides within the crystallin domain of both α- and αB-crystallins with remarkable chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. Administration of α-crystallin or their functional peptides has shown substantial inhibition of pathologies in several diseases. However, α-crystallins have been shown to promote disease-causing pathways. These two sides of the proteins are discussed in this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram H Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Rooban B Nahomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Niklaus H Mueller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cibin T Raghavan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David A Ammar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Bakthisaran R, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Small heat shock proteins: Role in cellular functions and pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:291-319. [PMID: 25556000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are conserved across species and are important in stress tolerance. Many sHsps exhibit chaperone-like activity in preventing aggregation of target proteins, keeping them in a folding-competent state and refolding them by themselves or in concert with other ATP-dependent chaperones. Mutations in human sHsps result in myopathies, neuropathies and cataract. Their expression is modulated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. Their ability to bind Cu2+, and suppress generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have implications in Cu2+-homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Circulating αB-crystallin and Hsp27 in the plasma may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. αB-crystallin and Hsp20 exhitbit anti-platelet aggregation: these beneficial effects indicate their use as potential therapeutic agents. sHsps have roles in differentiation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy and development. sHsps exhibit a robust anti-apoptotic property, involving several stages of mitochondrial-mediated, extrinsic apoptotic as well as pro-survival pathways. Dynamic N- and C-termini and oligomeric assemblies of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are important factors for their functions. We propose a "dynamic partitioning hypothesis" for the promiscuous interactions and pleotropic functions exhibited by sHsps. Stress tolerance and anti-apoptotic properties of sHsps have both beneficial and deleterious consequences in human health and diseases. Conditional and targeted modulation of their expression and/or activity could be used as strategies in treating several human disorders. The review attempts to provide a critical overview of sHsps and their divergent roles in cellular processes particularly in the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Hochberg GK, Benesch JL. Dynamical structure of αB-crystallin. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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The structured core domain of αB-crystallin can prevent amyloid fibrillation and associated toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1562-70. [PMID: 24711386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322673111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that form polydisperse and dynamic complexes with target proteins, serving as a first line of defense in preventing their aggregation into either amorphous deposits or amyloid fibrils. Their apparently broad target specificity makes sHSPs attractive for investigating ways to tackle disorders of protein aggregation. The two most abundant sHSPs in human tissue are αB-crystallin (ABC) and HSP27; here we present high-resolution structures of their core domains (cABC, cHSP27), each in complex with a segment of their respective C-terminal regions. We find that both truncated proteins dimerize, and although this interface is labile in the case of cABC, in cHSP27 the dimer can be cross-linked by an intermonomer disulfide linkage. Using cHSP27 as a template, we have designed an equivalently locked cABC to enable us to investigate the functional role played by oligomerization, disordered N and C termini, subunit exchange, and variable dimer interfaces in ABC. We have assayed the ability of the different forms of ABC to prevent protein aggregation in vitro. Remarkably, we find that cABC has chaperone activity comparable to that of the full-length protein, even when monomer dissociation is restricted through disulfide linkage. Furthermore, cABC is a potent inhibitor of amyloid fibril formation and, by slowing the rate of its aggregation, effectively reduces the toxicity of amyloid-β peptide to cells. Overall we present a small chaperone unit together with its atomic coordinates that potentially enables the rational design of more effective chaperones and amyloid inhibitors.
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Eronina TB, Chebotareva NA, Roman SG, Kleymenov SY, Makeeva VF, Poliansky NB, Muranov KO, Kurganov BI. Thermal denaturation and aggregation of apoform of glycogen phosphorylaseb. Effect of crowding agents and chaperones. Biopolymers 2014; 101:504-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana B. Eronina
- Department of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Natalia A. Chebotareva
- Department of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Roman
- Department of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Kleymenov
- Koltsov's Institute of Developmental Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st 26 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Valentina F. Makeeva
- Department of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Poliansky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Konstantin O. Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Boris I. Kurganov
- Department of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins; A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia
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20
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Borzova VA, Markossian KA, Kara DA, Chebotareva NA, Makeeva VF, Poliansky NB, Muranov KO, Kurganov BI. Quantification of anti-aggregation activity of chaperones: a test-system based on dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74367. [PMID: 24058554 PMCID: PMC3769246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The methodology for quantification of the anti-aggregation activity of protein and chemical chaperones has been elaborated. The applicability of this methodology was demonstrated using a test-system based on dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of bovine serum albumin at 45°C as an example. Methods for calculating the initial rate of bovine serum albumin aggregation (v agg) have been discussed. The comparison of the dependences of v agg on concentrations of intact and cross-linked α-crystallin allowed us to make a conclusion that a non-linear character of the dependence of v agg on concentration of intact α-crystallin was due to the dynamic mobility of the quaternary structure of α-crystallin and polydispersity of the α-crystallin-target protein complexes. To characterize the anti-aggregation activity of the chemical chaperones (arginine, arginine ethyl ester, arginine amide and proline), the semi-saturation concentration [L]0.5 was used. Among the chemical chaperones studied, arginine ethyl ester and arginine amide reveal the highest anti-aggregation activity ([L]0.5 = 53 and 58 mM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A. Borzova
- Department of Molecular Organization of Biological Structures, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira A. Markossian
- Department of Molecular Organization of Biological Structures, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Kara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Chebotareva
- Department of Molecular Organization of Biological Structures, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina F. Makeeva
- Department of Molecular Organization of Biological Structures, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Poliansky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Processes Kinetics, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin O. Muranov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Processes Kinetics, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I. Kurganov
- Department of Molecular Organization of Biological Structures, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Smirnova E, Chebotareva N, Gurvits B. Transient transformation of oligomeric structure of alpha-crystallin during its chaperone action. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 55:62-8. [PMID: 23274879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New evidence for dynamic behavior and flexible oligomeric structure of the molecular chaperone α-crystallin is presented. Based on the results of laser dynamic light scattering, centrifugal ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, addition of α-crystallin to fully reduced α-lactalbumin, used as a model protein substrate, at the stage of its start aggregate formation results in dissociation of multimeric structure of α-crystallin. In addition to large oligomers, transient low-sized assemblies are formed with the apparent molecular mass of 50-55 kDa that corresponds to the α-crystallin dimeric form associated with destabilized monomeric α-lactalbumin. This phenomenon is suggested to represent an essential component of a transient protective mechanism tuning the stressed protein to binding sites on the exposed surface of the chaperone dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Hilton GR, Lioe H, Stengel F, Baldwin AJ, Benesch JLP. Small heat-shock proteins: paramedics of the cell. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 328:69-98. [PMID: 22576357 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise a family of molecular chaperones which are widespread but poorly understood. Despite considerable effort, comparatively few high-resolution structures have been determined for the sHSPs, a likely consequence of their tendency to populate ensembles of inter-converting conformational and oligomeric states at equilibrium. This dynamic structure appears to underpin the sHSPs' ability to bind and sequester target proteins rapidly, and renders them the first line of defence against protein aggregation during disease and cellular stress. Here we describe recent studies on the sHSPs, with a particular focus on those which have provided insight into the structure and dynamics of these proteins. The combined literature reveals a picture of a remarkable family of molecular chaperones whose thermodynamic and kinetic properties are exquisitely balanced to allow functional regulation by subtle changes in cellular conditions.
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23
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Baldwin AJ, Hilton GR, Lioe H, Bagnéris C, Benesch JL, Kay LE. Quaternary Dynamics of αB-Crystallin as a Direct Consequence of Localised Tertiary Fluctuations in the C-Terminus. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:310-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Baldwin AJ, Lioe H, Robinson CV, Kay LE, Benesch JL. αB-Crystallin Polydispersity Is a Consequence of Unbiased Quaternary Dynamics. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Garvey M, Griesser SS, Griesser HJ, Thierry B, Nussio MR, Shapter JG, Ecroyd H, Giorgetti S, Bellotti V, Gerrard JA, Carver JA. Enhanced molecular chaperone activity of the small heat-shock protein alphaB-cystallin following covalent immobilization onto a solid-phase support. Biopolymers 2011; 95:376-89. [PMID: 21225714 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The well-characterized small heat-shock protein, alphaB-crystallin, acts as a molecular chaperone by interacting with unfolding proteins to prevent their aggregation and precipitation. Structural perturbation (e.g., partial unfolding) enhances the in vitro chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin. Proteins often undergo structural perturbations at the surface of a synthetic material, which may alter their biological activity. This study investigated the activity of alphaB-crystallin when covalently bound to a support surface; alphaB-crystallin was immobilized onto a range of solid material surfaces, and its characteristics and chaperone activity were assessed. Immobilization was achieved via a plasma-deposited thin polymeric interlayer containing aldehyde surface groups and reductive amination, leading to the covalent binding of alphaB-crystallin lysine residues to the surface aldehyde groups via Schiff-base linkages. Immobilized alphaB-crystallin was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microgravimetry, which showed that 300 ng cm(-2) (dry mass) of oligomeric alphaB-crystallin was bound to the surface. Immobilized alphaB-crystallin exhibited a significant enhancement (up to 5000-fold, when compared with the equivalent activity of alphaB-crystallin in solution) of its chaperone activity against various proteins undergoing both amorphous and amyloid fibril forms of aggregation. The enhanced molecular chaperone activity of immobilized alphaB-crystallin has potential applications in preventing protein misfolding, including against amyloid disease processes, such as dialysis-related amyloidosis, and for biodiagnostic detection of misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Garvey
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University ofAdelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Karmakar S, Das KP. Stabilization of oligomeric structure of α-crystallin by Zn+2 through intersubunit bridging. Biopolymers 2010; 95:105-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Krushelnitsky A, Mukhametshina N, Gogolev Y, Tarasova N, Faizullin D, Zinkevich T, Gnezdilov O, Fedotov V. Subunit Mobility and the Chaperone Activity of Recombinant alphaB-Crystallin. Open Biochem J 2008; 2:116-20. [PMID: 18949083 PMCID: PMC2570560 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x00802010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparison of the chaperone-like activity of native and covalently cross-linked human αB-crystallins has confirmed the important role of the subunit mobility in the chaperoning mechanism. Our data clearly demonstrate that the chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin is not only a surface phenomenon as was suggested by some researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krushelnitsky
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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Ferns G, Shams S, Shafi S. Heat shock protein 27: its potential role in vascular disease. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:253-74. [PMID: 16875491 PMCID: PMC2517372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that have an ability to protect proteins from damage induced by environmental factors such as free radicals, heat, ischaemia and toxins, allowing denatured proteins to adopt their native configuration. Heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small Hsp (sHsp) family of proteins, and has a molecular weight of approximately 27 KDa. In addition to its role as a chaperone, it has also been reported to have many additional functions. These include effects on the apoptotic pathway, cell movement and embryogenesis. In this review, we have focused on its possible role in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ferns
- Centre for Clinical Science and Measurement, School of Biomedical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford Surrey, UK.
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29
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Liu L, Ghosh JG, Clark JI, Jiang S. Studies of alphaB crystallin subunit dynamics by surface plasmon resonance. Anal Biochem 2006; 350:186-95. [PMID: 16480679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone activity of alphaB crystallin, an important stress protein in humans, is regulated by physiological factors, including temperature, pH, Ca2+, and ATP. In this study, the role of these factors in regulating the subunit dynamics of human alphaB crystallin was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR experiments indicate that at temperatures above 37 degrees C, where alphaB crystallin has been reported to have higher chaperone activity, the subunit dynamics of alphaB crystallin were increased with faster association and dissociation rates. SPR experiments also indicate that interactions between alphaB crystallin subunits were enhanced with much faster association and slower dissociation rates at pH values below 7.0, where alphaB crystallin has been reported to have lower chaperone activity. The results suggest that the dynamic and rapid subunit exchange rate may regulate the chaperone activity of alphaB crystallin. The effect of Ca2+ and ATP on the subunit dynamics of alphaB crystallin was minimal, suggesting that Ca2+ and ATP modulate the chaperone activity of alphaB crystallin without altering the subunit dynamics. Based on the SPR results and previously reported biochemical data for the chaperone activity of alphaB crystallin under different conditions of temperature and pH, a model for the relationship between the subunit dynamics and chaperone activity of alphaB crystallin is established. The model is consistent with previous biochemical data for the chaperone activity and subunit dynamics of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and establishes a working hypothesis for the relationship between complex assembly and chaperone activity for sHSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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