1
|
Liu S, Zhang W. NAD + metabolism and eye diseases: current status and future directions. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8653-8663. [PMID: 37540459 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no truly effective treatments for a variety of eye diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). These conditions have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and can be a burden on society. However, these diseases share a common pathological process of NAD+ metabolism disorders. They are either associated with genetically induced primary NAD+ synthase deficiency, decreased NAD+ levels due to aging, or enhanced NAD+ consuming enzyme activity during disease pathology. In this discussion, we explore the role of NAD+ metabolic disorders in the development of associated ocular diseases and the potential advantages and disadvantages of various methods to increase NAD+ levels. It is essential to carefully evaluate the possible adverse effects of these methods and conduct a more comprehensive and objective assessment of their function before considering their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, VA, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, VA, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan W, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liang W, Xia Y, Yan W, Chen M, Chen T, Li D. The impacts of resveratrol on the retinal degeneration in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa induced by alkylation: an in-vivo study. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:138-148. [PMID: 37388281 PMCID: PMC10304456 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2226695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Sirtuin Type 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been proved to protect against ample ocular diseases, while its effect on retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has not been illustrated. The study was aimed to explore the impacts of resveratrol (RSV), a SIRT1 activator, on the photoreceptor degeneration in a rat model of RP induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), an alkylation. The rats were induced RP phenotypes via the intraperitoneal injection of MNU. The electroretinogram was conducted and revealed that RSV could not prevent the decline of retinal function in the RP rats. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the retinal histological examination were performed and showed that the reduced thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was not preserved by RSV intervention. The immunostaining technique was applied. Afther the MNU administration, the number of the apoptotic photoreceptors in the ONL throughout the retinasand the number of microglia cells present among the outer part throughout the retinas were not significantly reduced by RSV. Western blotting was also performed. The data showed that the level of SIRT1 protein was decreased after MNU administration, while RSV was not able to obviously alleviate the downregulation. Our data together indicated that RSV was not able to rescue the photoreceptor degeneration in the MNU-induced RP rats, which might be due to the MNU-induced consumption of the NAD+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangjiao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Yan
- Changtai No.2 High School of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meizhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA (Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hopsital Affiliated to Xiamen University), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Strømland Ø, Diab J, Ferrario E, Sverkeli LJ, Ziegler M. The balance between NAD + biosynthesis and consumption in ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111569. [PMID: 34509469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme in redox reactions. NAD+ is also important in cellular signalling as it is consumed by PARPs, SARM1, sirtuins and CD38. Cellular NAD+ levels regulate several essential processes including DNA repair, immune cell function, senescence, and chromatin remodelling. Maintenance of these cellular processes is important for healthy ageing and lifespan. Interestingly, the levels of NAD+ decline during ageing in several organisms, including humans. Declining NAD+ levels have been linked to several age-related diseases including various metabolic diseases and cognitive decline. Decreasing tissue NAD+ concentrations have been ascribed to an imbalance between biosynthesis and consumption of the dinucleotide, resulting from, for instance, reduced levels of the rate limiting enzyme NAMPT along with an increased activation state of the NAD+-consuming enzymes PARPs and CD38. The progression of some age-related diseases can be halted or reversed by therapeutic augmentation of NAD+ levels. NAD+ metabolism has therefore emerged as a potential target to ameliorate age-related diseases. The present review explores how ageing affects NAD+ metabolism and current approaches to reverse the age-dependent decline of NAD+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Strømland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
| | - Joseph Diab
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
| | - Eugenio Ferrario
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
| | - Lars J Sverkeli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
HE S, MA X, MENG Q, LU J, QIN X, FANG S, MA C. Effects and mechanisms of water-soluble Semen cassiae polysaccharide on retinitis pigmentosa in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang MA
- Dalian Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cong MA
- Dalian Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
N-Methyl- N-Nitrosourea-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration Is Inhibited by Nicotinamide via the Blockade of Upstream Events before the Phosphorylation of Signalling Proteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3238719. [PMID: 31179317 PMCID: PMC6507250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3238719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a known carcinogen, is generally used in animal models to chemically induce photoreceptor degeneration. It has been reported that nicotinamide (NAM) exerts a protective effect on MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration. We investigated the molecular mechanisms on MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Intraperitoneal MNU injection (75 mg/kg) in rats induced selective photoreceptor degeneration in 7 days. NAM administration completely inhibited photoreceptor degeneration. Photoreceptor layer abnormality was observed within 6 hours after MNU injection, whereas it was restored in the NAM-treated retina, as detected by optical coherence tomography. One day following MNU administration, phosphorylation of the cell death-associated signalling proteins c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) increased, while the apoptosis-related proteins, full-length poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), were depleted. These changes were not observed in the NAM-treated retinas. Cell survival signalling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, increased in the MNU- but not in the NAM-treated rat retinas. Increased phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) levels were observed within 6 hours after MNU administration, suggestive of cell survival signalling activation. This did not occur in NAM-treated retinas. These results indicate that NAM regulates upstream cellular events prior to the activation of cell death-related signalling events, such as JNK and p38 phosphorylation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Gayyar MMH, Bagalagel A, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Diri R. The therapeutic effects of nicotinamide in hepatocellular carcinoma through blocking IGF-1 and effecting the balance between Nrf2 and PKB. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108653. [PMID: 30784932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin growth factor (IGF) family and their receptors play a great role in tumors' development. In addition, IGF-1 enhances cancer progression through regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and metastasis. Moreover, nicotinamide is association with protection against cancer. Therefore, we conducted this research to examine the therapeutic effects of nicotinamide against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro through affecting IGF-1 and the balance between PKB and Nrf2. HCC was induced in rats by 200 mg/kg, ip thioacetamide. The rat survival, number and size of tumors and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured. The gene and protein levels of IGF-1, Nrf2, PKB and JNK-MAPK were assessed in rat livers. In addition, HepG2 cells, human HCC cell lines, were treated with different concentrations of nicotinamide. We found that nicotinamide enhanced the rats' survival and reduced the number and size of hepatic tumors as well as it reduced serum AFP and HepG2 cells survival. Nicotinamide ameliorated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of Nrf2. Moreover, nicotinamide blocked HCC-induced elevation in IGF-1, PKB and JNK-MAPK. In conclusion, nicotinamide produced cytotoxic effects against HCC both in vivo and in vitro. The cytotoxic activity can be explained by inhibition of HCC-induced increased in the expression of IGF-1 and leads to disturbances in the balance between the cell death signal by PKB and MAPK; and the cell survival signal by Nrf2, directing it towards cell survival signals in normal liver cells providing more protection for body against tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Bagalagel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diena M Almasri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Diri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu CB, Sui BD, Wang BY, Li G, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Du FY, Zhu CH, Li HB, Feng Y, Jin Y, Yu XR. NDRG2 suppression as a molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death in the mouse retina. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:32. [PMID: 30245855 PMCID: PMC6135825 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is recognized as the key pathogenesis of retinal degeneration, but the molecular basis underlying photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damaging conditions is virtually unknown. The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family has recently been reported to regulate cell viability, in particular NDRG1 has been uncovered expression in photoreceptor cells. Accordingly, we herein examined the potential roles of NDRGs in mediating photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damages. By using mouse models of retinal degeneration and the 661 W photoreceptor cell line, we showed that photoreceptor cells are indeed highly sensitive to light exposure and the related oxidative stress, and that photoreceptor cells are even selectively diminished by phototoxins of the alkylating agent N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Unexpectedly, we discovered that of all the NDRG family members, NDRG2, but not the originally hypothesized NDRG1 or other NDRG subtypes, was selectively expressed and specifically responded to retinal damaging conditions in photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, functional experiments proved that NDRG2 was essential for photoreceptor cell viability, which could be attributed to NDRG2 control of the photo-oxidative stress, and that it was the suppression of NDRG2 which led to photoreceptor cell loss in damaging conditions. More importantly, NDRG2 preservation contributed to photoreceptor-specific cell maintenance and retinal protection both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized role of NDRG2 in mediating photoreceptor cell homeostasis and established for the first time the molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death as NDRG2 suppression, shedding light on improved understanding and therapy of retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Biao Hu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Bao-Ying Wang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Gao Li
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,5Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, 250200 Zhangqiu, Shandong China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Fang-Ying Du
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Yan Feng
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Yan Jin
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Rui Yu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang B, Hu C, Yang X, Du F, Feng Y, Li H, Zhu C, Yu X. Inhibition of GSK-3β Activation Protects SD Rat Retina Against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Degeneration by Modulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:233-242. [PMID: 28929374 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are characterized by photoreceptor cell loss. Photoreceptor cell loss leading to retinal degeneration can be induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), which was widely used to mimic the pathology. However, the mechanism by which MNU induces photoreceptor cell loss is still largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) is a potent mediator of MNU-induced retinal degeneration and how p-GSK-3β affects the process. MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat retinas. GSK-3β and Akt expression levels did not change during MNU-induced retinal degeneration but the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and Akt was decreased by MNU treatment. Lithium chloride (LiCl), which increases p-GSK-3β level and active-β-catenin level, reversed retinal degeneration induced by MNU treatment. These results suggest that GSK-3β activation is closely related to photoreceptor cell loss and that the application of the GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduce photoreceptor cell loss induced by MNU. Our findings indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β activation may be a potential therapeutic target for retinal degeneration induced by photoreceptor cell loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghu Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jordan JJ, Chhim S, Margulies CM, Allocca M, Bronson RT, Klungland A, Samson LD, Fu D. ALKBH7 drives a tissue and sex-specific necrotic cell death response following alkylation-induced damage. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2947. [PMID: 28726787 PMCID: PMC5550884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis has emerged as a major cell death mechanism in response to different forms of physiological and pharmacological stress. The AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7) protein is required for regulated cellular necrosis in response to chemotherapeutic alkylating agents but its role within a whole organism is unknown. Here, we show that ALKBH7 modulates alkylation-induced cellular death through a tissue and sex-specific mechanism. At the whole-animal level, we find that ALKBH7 deficiency confers increased resistance to MMS-induced toxicity in male but not female mice. Moreover, ALKBH7-deficient mice exhibit protection against alkylation-mediated cytotoxicity in retinal photoreceptor and cerebellar granule cells, two cell types that undergo necrotic death through the initiation of the base excision repair pathway and hyperactivation of the PARP1/ARTD1 enzyme. Notably, the protection against alkylation-induced cerebellar degeneration is specific to ALKBH7-deficient male but not female mice. Our results uncover an in vivo role for ALKBH7 in mediating a sexually dimorphic tissue response to alkylation damage that could influence individual responses to chemotherapies based upon alkylating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Jordan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophea Chhim
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carrie M Margulies
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin FL, Lin CH, Ho JD, Yen JL, Chang HM, Chiou GCY, Cheng YW, Hsiao G. The natural retinoprotectant chrysophanol attenuated photoreceptor cell apoptosis in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse model of retinal degenaration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41086. [PMID: 28112220 PMCID: PMC5253624 DOI: 10.1038/srep41086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited photoreceptor-degenerative disease, and neuronal degeneration in RP is exacerbated by glial activation. Cassia seed (Jue-ming-zi) is a traditional herbal medicine commonly used to treat ocular diseases in Asia. In this report, we investigated the retina-protective effect of chrysophanol, an active component of Cassia seed, in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mouse model of RP. We determined that chrysophanol inhibited the functional and morphological features of MNU-induced retinal degeneration using scotopic electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and immunohistochemistry analysis of R/G opsin and rhodopsin. Furthermore, TUNEL assays revealed that chrysophanol attenuated MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis and inhibited the expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins PARP, Bax, and caspase-3. In addition, chrysophanol ameliorated reactive gliosis, as demonstrated by a decrease in GFAP immunolabeling, and suppressed the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-mediated gelatinolysis. In vitro studies indicated that chrysophanol inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in the BV2 mouse microglia cell line and inhibited MMP-9 activation in primary microglia. Our results demonstrate that chrysophanol provided neuroprotective effects and inhibited glial activation, suggesting that chrysophanol might have therapeutic value for the treatment of human RP and other retinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Gao H, Peng X, Wen Y, Dai G. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuates N-methy-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis in rats through regulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:125-134. [PMID: 27208869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum L., popularly known as "Goji berry", a classic of Traditional Chinese Medicine has long been used to treat ocular diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the photoreceptor cell protection of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), a water extract from Lycium barbarum L. has received more attention. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of LBP on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis, and the involvement of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photoreceptor cell injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of MNU 60mg/kg. Seven days prior to MNU injection, LBP were intragastrical administered daily, rats were sacrificed at 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. Retinal morphologies, photoreceptor cells apoptosis, and protein expression were evaluated at 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. RESULTS Morphologically, the outer nuclear layer was well preserved in the LBP-treated rat retinas throughout the experimental period. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays showed that LBP could significantly suppress the loss of photoreceptor cells, as determined by the photoreceptor cell ratio at the central retina 24h and 7 days after MNU administration. Western-blot analysis demonstrated the expression levels of procaspase-9, -7, -3 and cleaved caspase-9, -7, -3 were upregulated, and PARP were downregulated both 24h and 7 days after MNU injection. LBP treatment significantly decreased protein levels of procaspase and cleaved caspase, increased the level of PARP and cleaved PARP on 24h and 7 days. CONCLUSIONS LBP inhibits MNU-induced rat photoreceptor cell apoptosis and protects retinal structure via the regulation of the expressions of PARP and caspase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Hua Gao
- Departments of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 803 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China; Key laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Youmin Wen
- Departments of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 803 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, PR China.
| | - Guidong Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Kaili University, Kaiyuan Road, Kaili, Guizhou 556011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koriyama Y, Sugitani K, Ogai K, Kato S. Heat shock protein 70 induction by valproic acid delays photoreceptor cell death by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in mice. J Neurochem 2014; 130:707-19. [PMID: 24773621 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases (RDs) are a group of inherited diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells. Selective photoreceptor loss can be induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and, because of its selectivity, this model is widely used to study the mechanism of RDs. Although it is known that calcium-calpain activation and lipid peroxidation are involved in the initiation of cell death, the precise mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to function as a chaperone molecule to protect cells against environmental and physiological stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of HSP70 on photoreceptor cell death in mice. HSP70 induction by valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuated the photoreceptor cell death by MNU through inhibition of apoptotic caspase signals. Furthermore, HSP70 itself was rapidly and calpain-dependently cleaved after MNU treatment. Therefore, HSP70 induction by valproic acid was dually effective against MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss as a result of its anti-apoptotic actions and its ability to prevent HSP70 degradation. These findings might help lead us to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of RDs. Retinal degenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells. We proposed the following cascade for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell death: MNU gives rise to cleavage of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70); HSP70 induction by valproic acid (VPA) is dually effective against MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss because of its anti-apoptotic actions and its ability to prevent HSP70 degradation. We hope that the present study heralds a new era in developing therapeutic tools against retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Koriyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoshizawa K, Sasaki T, Uehara N, Kuro M, Kimura A, Kinoshita Y, Miki H, Yuri T, Tsubura A. N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea induces retinal photoreceptor damage in adult rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:27-35. [PMID: 22481856 PMCID: PMC3320154 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven-week-old male Lewis rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) (100, 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg), and retinal damage was evaluated 7 days after the treatment. Sequential morphological features of the retina and retinal DNA damage, as determined by a TUNEL assay and phospho-histone H2A.X (γ-H2AX), were analyzed 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hr, 7 days, and/or 30 days after 400 mg/kg ENU treatment. Activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was analyzed immunohistochemically by poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) expression in response to DNA damage of the retina. All rats that received ≥ 400 mg/kg of ENU developed retinal degeneration characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells in both the central and peripheral retina within 7 days. In the 400 mg/kg ENU-treated rats, TUNEL-positive signals were only located in the photoreceptor cells and peaked 24 hr after ENU treatment. The γ-H2AX signals in inner retinal cells appeared at 24 hr and peaked at 72 hr after ENU treatment, and the PAR signals selectively located in the photoreceptor cell nuclei appeared at 12 hr and peaked at 24 hr after ENU treatment. However, degeneration was restricted to photoreceptor cells, and no degenerative changes in inner retinal cells were seen at any time points. Retinal thickness and the photoreceptor cell ratio in the central and peripheral retina were significantly decreased, and the retinal damage ratio was significantly increased 7 days after ENU treatment. In conclusion, ENU induced retinal degeneration in adult rats that was characterized by photoreceptor cell apoptosis through PARP activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsuruma K, Yamauchi M, Inokuchi Y, Sugitani S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Role of oxidative stress in retinal photoreceptor cell death in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-treated mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:351-62. [PMID: 22362184 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11110fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress contributes to retinal cell death in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). We measured in vitro MNU-induced radical production in retinal cell cultures of murine 661W photoreceptor-derived cells; RGC-5, a mouse ganglion cell line; and primary retinal cells. The addition of MNU induced oxidative radical generation in 661W and primary retinal cells, but not in RGC-5 cells. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, at 1 µM reduced MNU-induced radical production in 661W and primary retinal cells. To induce in vivo retinal photoreceptor degeneration in mice, we administered 60 mg/kg MNU by intraperitoneal injection. We intravenously administered 1 mg/kg edaravone immediately and at 6 h after the MNU injection. Retinal photoreceptor degeneration was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and by oxidative stress markers. MNU caused photoreceptor cell loss at 7 days after administration. Edaravone inhibited ONL thinning and reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the oxidative stress markers. These findings indicate that MNU leads to selective photoreceptor degradation via oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo and may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of retinitis pigmentosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Ullah N, Lee HY, Naseer MI, Ullah I, Suh JW, Kim MO. Nicotinamide inhibits alkylating agent-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27093. [PMID: 22164206 PMCID: PMC3229474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent thiotepa during brain development leads to neurological complications arising from neurodegeneration and irreversible damage to the developing central nerve system (CNS). Administration of single dose of thiotepa in 7-d postnatal (P7) rat triggers activation of apoptotic cascade and widespread neuronal death. The present study was aimed to elucidate whether nicotinamide may prevent thiotepa-induced neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Neuronal cell death induced by thiotepa was associated with the induction of Bax, release of cytochrome-c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Post-treatment of developing rats with nicotinamide suppressed thiotepa-induced upregulation of Bax, reduced cytochrome-c release into the cytosol and reduced expression of activated caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1. Cresyl violet staining showed numerous dead cells in the cortex hippocampus and thalamus; post-treatment with nicotinamide reduced the number of dead cells in these brain regions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 show that thiotepa-induced cell death is apoptotic and that it is inhibited by nicotinamide treatment. CONCLUSION Nicotinamide (Nic) treatment with thiotepa significantly improved neuronal survival and alleviated neuronal cell death in the developing rat. These data demonstrate that nicotinamide shows promise as a therapeutic and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in newborns and infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Suh
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Namdong, Yongin, Kyonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Giansanti V, Donà F, Tillhon M, Scovassi AI. PARP inhibitors: new tools to protect from inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1869-77. [PMID: 20417190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) consists in the conversion of β-NAD(+) into ADP-ribose, which is then bound to acceptor proteins and further used to form polymers of variable length and structure. The correct turnover of poly(ADP-ribose) is ensured by the concerted action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) enzymes, which are responsible for polymer synthesis and degradation, respectively. Despite the positive role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in sensing and repairing DNA damage, generated also by ROS, PARP over-activation could allow NAD depletion and consequent necrosis, thus leading to an inflammatory condition in many diseases. In this respect, inhibition of PARP enzymes could exert a protective role towards a number of pathological conditions; i.e. the combined treatment of tumors with PARP inhibitors/anticancer agents proved to have a beneficial effect in cancer therapy. Thus, pharmacological inactivation of poly(ADP-ribosylation) could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to limit cellular injury and to attenuate the inflammatory processes that characterize many disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giansanti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szabadfi K, Mester L, Reglodi D, Kiss P, Babai N, Racz B, Kovacs K, Szabo A, Tamas A, Gabriel R, Atlasz T. Novel neuroprotective strategies in ischemic retinal lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:544-561. [PMID: 20386654 PMCID: PMC2852854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia can be effectively modeled by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, which leads to chronic hypoperfusion-induced degeneration in the entire rat retina. The complex pathways leading to retinal cell death offer a complex approach of neuroprotective strategies. In the present review we summarize recent findings with different neuroprotective candidate molecules. We describe the protective effects of intravitreal treatment with: (i) urocortin 2; (ii) a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, diazoxide; (iii) a neurotrophic factor, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide; and (iv) a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (HO3089). The retinoprotective effects are demonstrated with morphological description and effects on apoptotic pathways using molecular biological techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(K.S.);
(N.B.);
(R.G.)
| | - Laszlo Mester
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(B.R.);
(K.K.);
(A.S.)
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(D.R.);
(P.K.);
(A.T.)
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(D.R.);
(P.K.);
(A.T.)
| | - Norbert Babai
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(K.S.);
(N.B.);
(R.G.)
| | - Boglarka Racz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(B.R.);
(K.K.);
(A.S.)
| | - Krisztina Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(B.R.);
(K.K.);
(A.S.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(B.R.);
(K.K.);
(A.S.)
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(D.R.);
(P.K.);
(A.T.)
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(K.S.);
(N.B.);
(R.G.)
| | - Tamas Atlasz
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; E-Mails:
(K.S.);
(N.B.);
(R.G.)
- Department of Sportbiology, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +36-72-503-600/4613; Fax: +36-72-501-517
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Hou J, Shang YC. The vitamin nicotinamide: translating nutrition into clinical care. Molecules 2009; 14:3446-85. [PMID: 19783937 PMCID: PMC2756609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B(3) (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyltransferase, and participates in the cellular energy metabolism that directly impacts normal physiology. However, nicotinamide also influences oxidative stress and modulates multiple pathways tied to both cellular survival and death. During disorders that include immune system dysfunction, diabetes, and aging-related diseases, nicotinamide is a robust cytoprotectant that blocks cellular inflammatory cell activation, early apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure, and late nuclear DNA degradation. Nicotinamide relies upon unique cellular pathways that involve forkhead transcription factors, sirtuins, protein kinase B (Akt), Bad, caspases, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase that may offer a fine line with determining cellular longevity, cell survival, and unwanted cancer progression. If one is cognizant of the these considerations, it becomes evident that nicotinamide holds great potential for multiple disease entities, but the development of new therapeutic strategies rests heavily upon the elucidation of the novel cellular pathways that nicotinamide closely governs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Protection against chronic hypoperfusion-induced retinal neurodegeneration by PARP inhibition via activation of PI-3-kinase Akt pathway and suppression of JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Neurotox Res 2009; 16:68-76. [PMID: 19526300 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation is considered as a major regulator of cell death in various pathophysiological conditions, however, no direct information is available about its role in chronic hypoperfusion-induced neuronal death. Here, we provide evidence for the protective effect of PARP inhibition on degenerative retinal damage induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), an adequate chronic hypoperfusion murine model. We found that BCCAO in adult male Wistar rats led to severe degeneration of all retinal layers that was attenuated by a carboxaminobenzimidazol-derivative PARP inhibitor (HO3089) administered unilaterally into the vitreous body immediately following carotid occlusion and then 4 times in a 2-week-period. Normal morphological structure of the retina was preserved and the thickness of the retinal layers was increased in HO3089-treated eyes compared to the BCCAO eyes. For Western blot studies, HO3089 was administered immediately after BCCAO and retinas were removed 4 h later. According to Western blot analysis utilizing phosphorylation-specific primary antibodies, besides activating poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) synthesis, BCCAO induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). HO3089 inhibited PAR synthesis, and decreased the phosphorylation of these proapoptotic MAPKs. In addition, HO3089 treatment induced phosphorylation, that is activation, of the protective Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. These data indicate that PARP activation has a major role in mediating chronic hypoperfusion-induced neuronal death, and inhibition of the enzyme prevents the pathological changes both in the morphology and the kinase signaling cascades involved. These results identify PARP inhibition as a possible molecular target in the clinical management of chronic hypoperfusion-induced neurodegenerative diseases including ocular ischemic syndrome.
Collapse
|
21
|
Early remodeling in an inducible animal model of retinal degeneration. Neuroscience 2009; 160:517-29. [PMID: 19272416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor degeneration is followed by significant morphological changes in the second-order retinal neurons in humans and in several genetic animal models. However, it is not clear whether similar changes occur when photoreceptor degeneration is induced nongenetically, raising the question whether these changes are a general effect of deafferentation independent of the cause of degeneration. We addressed this by inducing selective photoreceptor degeneration with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and studying its effects on inner retinal neurons in a mouse for up to 3 months, using immunocytochemistry and iontophoretic labeling. To develop objective measures of photoreceptor degeneration and of retinal remodeling, we measured several retinal proteins using immunoblot analysis, and quantified gross visual ability of the animal in a visual cliff test. The MNU-induced progressive degeneration of rods and cones was associated with declining levels of postsynaptic density 95 protein in the retina, and with deteriorating visual performance of the animal. Müller glial cells showed enhanced reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, which also reflected in increased levels of the protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting. Horizontal cells and rod bipolar cells progressively lost their dendritic processes, which correlated with a slight decline in the levels of calbindin and protein kinase C alpha respectively. Horizontal cell axons, immunoreactive for nonphosphorylated neurofilaments, showed sprouting into the inner nuclear layer. Ganglion cells and their synaptic inputs, probed by immunolocalizing beta-III-tubulin, neurofilaments, bassoon and synaptophysin, appeared to be unaffected. These results demonstrate that MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration leads to retinal remodeling similar to that observed in genetic models, suggesting that the remodeling does not depend on the etiopathology that underlies photoreceptor degeneration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shibata W, Maeda S, Hikiba Y, Yanai A, Sakamoto K, Nakagawa H, Ogura K, Karin M, Omata M. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 is a critical regulator for the development of gastric cancer in mice. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5031-9. [PMID: 18593901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) links several cellular processes, including proliferation and survival, and is believed to be involved in carcinogenesis. However, the role of JNK in gastric tumorigenesis is unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that JNK is frequently activated in human gastric cancer tissue. We investigated whether JNK1, a major JNK isozyme, is involved in chemically induced gastric cancer development. Mice lacking JNK1 exhibited a marked decrease in gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, relative to their wild-type counterparts. Impaired tumor development correlated with decreased tumor initiation, which is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. We also found that lower levels of tumorigenesis were correlated with the decreased expression of cyclin D and CDK as well as decreased cell proliferation. Taken together, JNK seems to be involved in both tumor initiation and promotion and may be an attractive target for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zaniolo K, Desnoyers S, Leclerc S, Guérin SL. Regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) gene expression through the post-translational modification of Sp1: a nuclear target protein of PARP-1. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:96. [PMID: 17961220 PMCID: PMC2175517 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that plays critical functions in many biological processes, including DNA repair and gene transcription. The main function of PARP-1 is to catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose units from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to a large array of acceptor proteins, which comprises histones, transcription factors, as well as PARP-1 itself. We have previously demonstrated that transcription of the PARP-1 gene essentially rely on the opposite regulatory actions of two distinct transcription factors, Sp1 and NFI. In the present study, we examined whether suppression of PARP-1 expression in embryonic fibroblasts derived from PARP-1 knockout mice (PARP-1-/-) might alter the expression and/or DNA binding properties of Sp1 and NFI. We also explored the possibility that Sp1 or NFI (or both) may represent target proteins of PARP-1 activity. Results Expression of both Sp1 and NFI was found to be considerably reduced in PARP-1-/- cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PARP-1 physically interacts with Sp1 in a DNA-independent manner, but neither with Sp3 nor NFI, in PARP-1+/+ cells. In addition, in vitro PARP assays indicated that PARP-1 could catalyze the addition of polymer of ADP-ribose to Sp1, which also translated into a reduction of Sp1 binding to its consensus DNA target site. Transfection of the PARP-1 promoter into both PARP-1+/+ and PARP-1-/- cells revealed that the lack of PARP-1 expression in PARP-1-/- cells also results in a strong increase in PARP-1 promoter activity. This influence of PARP-1 was found to rely on the presence of the Sp1 sites present on the basal PARP-1 promoter as their mutation entirely abolished the increased promoter activity observed in PARP-1-/- cells. Subjecting PARP-1+/+ cells to an oxidative challenge with hydrogen peroxide to increase PARP-1 activity translated into a dramatic reduction in the DNA binding properties of Sp1. However, its suppression by the inhibitor PJ34 improved DNA binding of Sp1 and led to a dramatic increase in PARP-1 promoter function. Conclusion Our results therefore recognized Sp1 as a target protein of PARP-1 activity, the addition of polymer of ADP-ribose to this transcription factor restricting its positive regulatory influence on gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Zaniolo
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre de Recherche du CHUL-CHUQ and Département d'Anatomie-Physiologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang L, Li D, Chen J, Yang J, Xue L, Hu S, Wu K. Microarray expression analysis of the early N-methy-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal degeneration in rat. Neurosci Lett 2007; 418:38-43. [PMID: 17412507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the gene expressions in N-methy-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat retinal degeneration (RD) by performing microarray analysis of retinal RNA at 12h. All rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a 12h model group and a 24h model group. Rats in the two model groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg body weight of MNU, while those in the normal group were injected with equivalent volume of physiological saline. After 12h and 24h of the injection, rats in each respective group were sacrificed, respectively. One eye of each animal was used for hematoxylin and erosin (H&E) staining, and fresh retinas of the other eye of each animal in the both normal group and 12h model group were used to extract total RNA, which was analyzed by microarray and real time RT-PCR. Retinal histological alteration was found in the 24h model group. There were 75 genes differently expressed (ratio > or =2.0), including 64 genes up-regulated and 11 genes down-regulated. Seven genes were assayed by real time RT-PCR and demonstrated the same alteration tendency as in microarray analysis. These genes that expressed differently mainly involved signal transduction, development, immune and defense, and apoptosis, etc. The major pathways were MAP-kinase signaling pathways, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and apoptosis pathway involved. The results suggest that there are significant changes of gene expression in the early stage of MNU-induced RD. These microarray results provide clues to understand the molecular pathways underlying photoreceptor degeneration and indicate directions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miki K, Uehara N, Shikata N, Matsumura M, Tsubura A. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide rescues N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis in Sprague-Dawley rats through preservation of nuclear factor-kappaB activity. Exp Eye Res 2006; 84:285-92. [PMID: 17137578 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays a pivotal role in mediating N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis. We examined the retinoprotective effects of the PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) against MNU-induced retinal damage in relation to dose and timing of prescription, and the involvement of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg MNU at 50 days of age, and were then immediately given a subcutaneous injection of 0, 1, 5, 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg of 3-AB, or were injected with 50 mg/kg 3-AB 12h before, concurrently, or 4, 6 or 12h after MNU. Rats were killed 3 and 7 days after MNU, and MNU-treated and 3-AB-injected retinas were compared with MNU-untreated control retinas or MNU-treated/3-AB-uninjected retinas. Apoptosis in photoreceptor cells was detected by performing formamide-induced DNA denaturation and staining with anti-single-stranded DNA antibody. Retinal morphologies were compared and evaluated morphometrically using the photoreceptor cell ratio and retinal damage ratio as indices to evaluate the efficacy of 3-AB. We examined expression of the phosphorylated form of NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha (p-NF-kappaB and p-IkappaBalpha, respectively) in retinas of MNU-treated rats concurrently treated with or without 50mg/kg 3-AB, compared with MNU-untreated control retinas. 3-AB dose-dependently suppressed photoreceptor cell apoptosis: 50mg/kg 3-AB injected concurrently with MNU completely rescued photoreceptor cell damage; 30 mg/kg 3-AB significantly reduced photoreceptor cell damage; 10 mg/kg 3-AB tended to suppress photoreceptor cell damage; <or=5mg/kg 3-AB was ineffective. When 50mg/kg 3-AB was injected 12h before or >or=4h after MNU, it did not exert a retinoprotective effect. p-NF-kappaB levels of MNU-treated rat retinas were significantly lower than those of MNU-untreated control retinas, while 50 mg/kg 3-AB injected concurrently with MNU preserved the p-NF-kappaB levels; p-IkappaBalpha levels tended to decrease after MNU injection, compared with untreated control retinas, but the difference was not significant. Thus, 3-AB dose-dependently suppressed MNU-induced retinal damage, and 50mg/kg 3-AB injected concurrently with MNU completely rescued photoreceptor cell apoptosis via preservation of NF-kappaB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Miki
- Second Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|