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Crescioli C, Paronetto MP. The Emerging Role of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition in Neurological Disorders: The State of the Art. Cells 2024; 13:1720. [PMID: 39451238 PMCID: PMC11506759 DOI: 10.3390/cells13201720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is not just a consequence of neurodegeneration in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but it is rather a determinant factor, which plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of these disorders. Neuroinflammation can affect cells and processes in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as immune cells, and might precede protein aggregation, which is a hallmark of the neurodegenerative process. Standard treatment methods are far from being able to counteract inflammation and delay neurodegeneration. Remarkably, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5is), which represent potent vasoactive drugs used as a first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), display important anti-inflammatory effects through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level stabilization. Since PDE5 hydrolyzes cGMP, several studies positioned PDE5 as a therapeutic target, and more specifically, PDE5is as potential alternative strategies for the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. Indeed, PDE5is can limit neuroinflammation and enhance synaptic plasticity, with beneficial effects on cognitive function and memory. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of some of the main processes underlying neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration which may be potential targets for PDE5is, focusing on sildenafil, the most extensively studied. Current strategies using PDEis for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Haider AA, Rex TS, Wareham LK. cGMP Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit-Implications for Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1671. [PMID: 36421684 PMCID: PMC9687235 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive age-related disease of the visual system and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently, intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for the disease, but even as IOP is lowered, the pathology of the disease often progresses. Hence, effective clinical targets for the treatment of glaucoma remain elusive. Glaucoma shares comorbidities with a multitude of vascular diseases, and evidence in humans and animal models demonstrates an association between vascular dysfunction of the retina and glaucoma pathology. Integral to the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is functional neurovascular coupling (NVC), providing RGCs with metabolic support in response to neuronal activity. NVC is mediated by cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which include vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. Nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling is a prime mediator of NVC between endothelial cells and neurons, but emerging evidence suggests that cGMP signaling is also important in the physiology of other cells of the NVU. NO-cGMP signaling has been implicated in glaucomatous neurodegeneration in humans and mice. In this review, we explore the role of cGMP signaling in the different cell types of the NVU and investigate the potential links between cGMP signaling, breakdown of neurovascular function, and glaucoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren K. Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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You JY, Liu XW, Bao YX, Shen ZN, Wang Q, He GY, Lu J, Zhang JG, Chen JW, Liu PQ. A novel phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor LW33 protects against ischemic stroke through the cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Roy A, Tolone A, Hilhorst R, Groten J, Tomar T, Paquet-Durand F. Kinase activity profiling identifies putative downstream targets of cGMP/PKG signaling in inherited retinal neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35241647 PMCID: PMC8894370 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that lead to photoreceptor cell death and eventually blindness. IRDs are characterised by a high genetic heterogeneity, making it imperative to design mutation-independent therapies. Mutations in a number of IRD disease genes have been associated with a rise of cyclic 3’,5’-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in photoreceptors. Accordingly, the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) has emerged as a new potential target for the mutation-independent treatment of IRDs. However, the substrates of PKG and the downstream degenerative pathways triggered by its activity have yet to be determined. Here, we performed kinome activity profiling of different murine organotypic retinal explant cultures (diseased rd1 and wild-type controls) using multiplex peptide microarrays to identify proteins whose phosphorylation was significantly altered by PKG activity. In addition, we tested the downstream effect of a known PKG inhibitor CN03 in these organotypic retina cultures. Among the PKG substrates were potassium channels belonging to the Kv1 family (KCNA3, KCNA6), cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1), DNA topoisomerase 2-α (TOP2A), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (F263), and the glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate 2 (GRIK2). The retinal expression of these PKG targets was further confirmed by immunofluorescence and could be assigned to various neuronal cell types, including photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and ganglion cells. Taken together, this study confirmed the key role of PKG in photoreceptor cell death and identified new downstream targets of cGMP/PKG signalling that will improve the understanding of the degenerative mechanisms underlying IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Roy
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 96708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,PamGene International B.V, 5200 BJ, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Arianna Tolone
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, 72072, Germany
| | - Riet Hilhorst
- PamGene International B.V, 5200 BJ, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - John Groten
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 96708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,PamGene International B.V, 5200 BJ, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Tushar Tomar
- PamGene International B.V, 5200 BJ, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, 72072, Germany.
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Zhu G, Ueda K, Hashimoto M, Zhang M, Sasaki M, Kariya T, Sasaki H, Kaludercic N, Lee DI, Bedja D, Gabrielson M, Yuan Y, Paolocci N, Blanton RM, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, O'Rourke B, Kass DA, Takimoto E. The mitochondrial regulator PGC1α is induced by cGMP-PKG signaling and mediates the protective effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in heart failure. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:17-28. [PMID: 34778969 PMCID: PMC9199229 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition (PDE5i) activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and ameliorates heart failure; however, its impact on cardiac mitochondrial regulation has not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) in the PDE5i-conferred cardioprotection, utilizing PGC1α null mice. In PGC1α+/+ hearts exposed to 7 weeks of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction, chronic treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil improved cardiac function and remodeling, with improved mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of PGC1α mRNA in the myocardium. By contrast, PDE5i-elicited benefits were abrogated in PGC1α-/- hearts. In cultured cardiomyocytes, PKG overexpression induced PGC1α, while inhibition of the transcription factor CREB abrogated the PGC1α induction. Together, these results suggest that the PKG-PGC1α axis plays a pivotal role in the therapeutic efficacy of PDE5i in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manling Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taro Kariya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hideyuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong-Ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Gabrielson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Mendelsohn
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardurion Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Adenuga GO, Odugbemi ZA, Adetoye RO, Akintunde OG. Naringin attenuates Bisphenol-A mediated neurotoxicity in hypertensive rats by abrogation of cerebral nucleotide depletion, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:18-33. [PMID: 32810514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether active fruit naringin can reduce the risk of BPA-mediated neurotoxicity in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats and whether the modulation could be linked to improvement of brain NO signaling. Male albino rats were randomly distributed into eight (n = 7) groups. Group I was control animals, Group II was orally-treated with L-NAME, Group III was orally treated with 100 mg/kg BPA, Group IV was orally-treated with L-NAME +100 mg/kg BPA. Group V was orally-administered with L-NAME +80 mg/kg NAR. Group VI was orally-administered with 100 mg/kg BPA +80 mg/kg NAR. Group VII was orally-administered with L-NAME+100 mg/kg BPA +80 mg/kg NAR. Lastly, group VIII was orally-treated with 80 mg/kg NAR. The treatment lasted for 14 days. Sub-acute exposure to L-NAME and BPA induced hypertension and mediated-neuroinflammation at CA-2 and CA-4 of hippocampus cells. It was evident by increase in PDE-51 and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase and AMPase) with corresponding upsurge in cholinergic (AChE and BuChE), dopaminergic (MAO-A) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes as well as movement disorder. The hypertensive-mediated neurotoxicity was related to alteration of NO signaling and higher release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), apoptotic proteins (P53 and caspace-9) and facilitated entry of T-lymphocytes (CD43+) into CNS through blood brain barrier potentiated by antigen presenting cells. Hence, these features of BPA-mediated neurotoxicity in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats were prohibited by co-administration of NAR through production of neuro-inflammatory mediators, stabilizing neurotransmitter enzymes, normalizing NO signaling and improving brain histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T E Akintola
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - G O Adenuga
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Z A Odugbemi
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - R O Adetoye
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O G Akintunde
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is upregulated. Sildenafil inhibits PDE5 and increases cGMP levels. Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1α deacetylation. Via PGC1α signaling, low-dose sildenafil likely suppresses β-secretase 1 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, and induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, sildenafil should increase brain perfusion, insulin sensitivity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis while suppressing neural apoptosis and inflammation. A systematic review of sildenafil in AD was undertaken. In vitro, sildenafil protected neural mitochondria from Aβ and advanced glycation end products. In transgenic AD mice, sildenafil was found to rescue deficits in CREB phosphorylation and memory, upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduce reactive astrocytes and microglia, decrease interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decrease neural apoptosis, increase neurogenesis, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation. All studies that tested Aβ levels reported significant improvements except the two that used the highest dosage, consistent with the dose-limiting effect of cGMP-induced phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) activation and cAMP depletion on PGC1α signaling. In AD patients, a single dose of sildenafil decreased spontaneous neural activity, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. A randomized control trial of sildenafil (ideally with a PDE2 inhibitor) in AD patients is warranted.
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cGMP signaling pathway in hepatic encephalopathy neuroinflammation and cognition. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106082. [PMID: 31869775 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that results from liver failure and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms such as alteration in the sleep-waking cycle, neuromuscular coordination, mood, and cognition. The deregulation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and several studies pointed that the cGMP signaling is impaired in patients with HE and experimental models of chronic hyperammonemia. This review aimed to briefly present the current knowledge of the cGMP signaling pathways in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and memory in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential therapeutic role.
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França MER, Ramos RKLG, Oliveira WH, Duarte-Silva E, Araújo SMR, Lós DB, Peixoto CA. Tadalafil restores long-term memory and synaptic plasticity in mice with hepatic encephalopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114673. [PMID: 31323263 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tadalafil displays important neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, however its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the action of Tadalafil on learning and memory, neuroinflammation, glial cell activation and neuroprotection in the experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) induced by Thioacetamide (TAA) in mice. METHODS Mice received intraperitoneal injections of TAA, for 3 consecutive days, reaching the final dose of 600 mg/kg. Tadalafil 15 mg/kg body weight was administered by gavage during 15 days after TAA induction. Mice underwent a Barnes maze for learning and memory evaluation. RESULTS Animals with hepatic encephalopathy showed reduced learning and spatial memory in the Barnes Maze, presented astrocyte and microglia activation and increased neuroinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, p-p38, p-ERK and p-NF-kB. In addition, the signaling pathway PKA/PKG/CREB/BDNF/NeuN/synaptophysin and glutamate receptors were deregulated by TAA. Tadalafil treatment regulated the inflammation signaling pathways restoring learning and spatial memory. CONCLUSION Tadalafil significantly reduced neuroinflammation, promoted neuroprotection and plasticity, regulated the expression of hippocampal glutamate receptor and restored spatial learning ability and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Rocha França
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Wilma Helena Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/ Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meyre Rocha Araújo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Duan X, Gan J, Peng DY, Bao Q, Xiao L, Wei L, Wu J. Identification and functional analysis of microRNAs in rats following focal cerebral ischemia injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4175-4184. [PMID: 30896823 PMCID: PMC6471137 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA sequencing (miRNA‑seq) was performed in the present study to investigate miRNA expression profiles in infarcted brain areas following focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. In total, 20 miRNAs were identified to be upregulated and 17 to be downregulated in the infarct area. The expression levels of six differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), miR‑211‑5p, miR‑183‑5p, miR‑10b‑3p, miR‑182, miR‑217‑5p and miR‑96‑5p, were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, a miRNA‑mRNA network was constructed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to investigate the functions of the mRNAs targeted by these DEmiRs. The present study aimed to investigate the association between miRNAs and cerebral ischemia to provide potential insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Bao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Liangbing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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Bonafede R, Manucha W. Óxido nítrico y factores relacionados a oxidación e inflamación como posibles biomarcadores de insuficiencia cardíaca. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tian Y, Heng D, Xu K, Liu W, Weng X, Hu X, Zhang C. cGMP/PKG-I Pathway-Mediated GLUT1/4 Regulation by NO in Female Rat Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1147-1158. [PMID: 29300939 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional gaseous molecule that plays important roles in mammalian reproductive functions, including follicular growth and development. Although our previous study showed that NO mediated 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and follicle-stimulating hormone-induced granulosa cell development via upregulation of glucose transporter protein (GLUT)1 and GLUT4 in granulosa cells, little is known about the precise mechanisms regulating ovarian development via glucose. The objective of the present study was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanism by which NO regulates GLUT expression and glucose uptake in granulosa cells. Our results indicated that NO increased GLUT1/GLUT4 expression and translocation in cells, as well as glucose uptake. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)-I protein content. The results of small interfering RNA (siRNA) analysis showed that knockdown of PKG-I significantly attenuated gene expression, translocation, and glucose uptake. Moreover, the PKG-I inhibitor also blocked the above processes. Furthermore, NO induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding factor (CREB) phosphorylation, and CREB siRNA attenuated NO-induced GLUT expression, translocation, and glucose uptake in granulosa cells. These findings suggest that NO increases cellular glucose uptake via GLUT upregulation and translocation, which are mediated through the activation of the cGMP/PKG pathway. Meanwhile, the activated CREB is also involved in the regulation. These findings indicate that NO has an important influence on the glucose uptake of granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Heng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Weng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusong Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Olivares-González L, Martínez-Fernández de la Cámara C, Hervás D, Marín MP, Lahoz A, Millán JM, Rodrigo R. cGMP-Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death Activation in Porcine Retinal Explants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166717. [PMID: 27861632 PMCID: PMC5115799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal hypoxia and oxidative stress are involved in several retinal degenerations including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, central retinal artery occlusion, or retinopathy of prematurity. The second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been reported to be protective for neuronal cells under several pathological conditions including ischemia/hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the accumulation of cGMP through the pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) with Zaprinast prevented retinal degeneration induced by mild hypoxia in cultures of porcine retina. Exposure to mild hypoxia (5% O2) for 24h reduced cGMP content and induced retinal degeneration by caspase dependent and independent (PARP activation) mechanisms. Hypoxia also produced a redox imbalance reducing antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and increasing superoxide free radical release. Zaprinast reduced mild hypoxia-induced cell death through inhibition of caspase-3 or PARP activation depending on the cell layer. PDE inhibition also ameliorated the effects of mild hypoxia on antioxidant response and the release of superoxide radical in the photoreceptor layer. The use of a PKG inhibitor, KT5823, suggested that cGMP-PKG pathway is involved in cell survival and antioxidant response. The inhibition of PDE, therefore, could be useful for reducing retinal degeneration under hypoxic/ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Marín
- Unidad de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustin Lahoz
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Unidad Analítica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Millán
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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15
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Rey-Funes M, Larrayoz IM, Fernández JC, Contartese DS, Rolón F, Inserra PIF, Martínez-Murillo R, López-Costa JJ, Dorfman VB, Martínez A, Loidl CF. Methylene blue prevents retinal damage in an experimental model of ischemic proliferative retinopathy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1011-9. [PMID: 26984891 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00266.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia induces retinal lesions, generating ischemic proliferative retinopathy, which may result in blindness. Previously, we showed that the nitrergic system was involved in the physiopathology of perinatal asphyxia. Here we analyze the application of methylene blue, a well-known soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, as a therapeutic strategy to prevent retinopathy. Male rats (n = 28 per group) were treated in different ways: 1) control group comprised born-to-term animals; 2) methylene blue group comprised animals born from pregnant rats treated with methylene blue (2 mg/kg) 30 and 5 min before delivery; 3) perinatal asphyxia (PA) group comprised rats exposed to perinatal asphyxia (20 min at 37°C); and 4) methylene blue-PA group comprised animals born from pregnant rats treated with methylene blue (2 mg/kg) 30 and 5 min before delivery, and then the pups were subjected to PA as above. For molecular studies, mRNA was obtained at different times after asphyxia, and tissue was collected at 30 days for morphological and biochemical analysis. Perinatal asphyxia produced significant gliosis, angiogenesis, and thickening of the inner retina. Methylene blue treatment reduced these parameters. Perinatal asphyxia resulted in a significant elevation of the nitrergic system as shown by NO synthase (NOS) activity assays, Western blotting, and (immuno)histochemistry for the neuronal isoform of NOS and NADPH-diaphorase activity. All these parameters were also normalized by the treatment. In addition, methylene blue induced the upregulation of the anti-angiogenic peptide, pigment epithelium-derived factor. Application of methylene blue reduced morphological and biochemical parameters of retinopathy. This finding suggests the use of methylene blue as a new treatment to prevent or decrease retinal damage in the context of ischemic proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rey-Funes
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Angiogenesis Study Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain;
| | - Juan C Fernández
- Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Contartese
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Rolón
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo I F Inserra
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Murillo
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Juan J López-Costa
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica B Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Study Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - César F Loidl
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
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16
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Triggers, inhibitors, mechanisms, and significance of eryptosis: the suicidal erythrocyte death. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:513518. [PMID: 25821808 PMCID: PMC4364016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by erythrocyte shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation, stimulation of caspases, calpain activation, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of several kinases. Eryptosis is triggered by a wide variety of xenobiotics. It is inhibited by several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules including NO and erythropoietin. The susceptibility of erythrocytes to eryptosis increases with erythrocyte age. Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes adhere to the vascular wall by binding to endothelial CXC-Motiv-Chemokin-16/Scavenger-receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low density lipoprotein (CXCL16). Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes are further engulfed by phagocytosing cells and are thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Eryptosis eliminates infected or defective erythrocytes thus counteracting parasitemia in malaria and preventing detrimental hemolysis of defective cells. Excessive eryptosis, however, may lead to anemia and may interfere with microcirculation. Enhanced eryptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of several clinical disorders including metabolic syndrome and diabetes, malignancy, cardiac and renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Facilitating or inhibiting eryptosis may be a therapeutic option in those disorders.
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Lang E, Lang F. Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:35-42. [PMID: 25636585 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling, is stimulated by Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+)-permeable, PGE2-activated cation channels, by ceramide, caspases, calpain, complement, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, oxidative stress, and deranged activity of several kinases (e.g. AMPK, GK, PAK2, CK1α, JAK3, PKC, p38-MAPK). Eryptosis is triggered by intoxication, malignancy, hepatic failure, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, hemolytic uremic syndrome, dehydration, phosphate depletion, fever, sepsis, mycoplasma infection, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Eryptosis may precede and protect against hemolysis but by the same token result in anemia and deranged microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Peixoto CA, Nunes AKS, Garcia-Osta A. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Action on the Signaling Pathways of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cognition. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:940207. [PMID: 26770022 PMCID: PMC4681825 DOI: 10.1155/2015/940207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and memory loss diseases. Mechanistically, PDE5-Is produce an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effect by increasing expression of nitric oxide synthases and accumulation of cGMP and activating protein kinase G (PKG), the signaling pathway of which is thought to play an important role in the development of several neurodiseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge of the signaling pathways that underlie the use of PDE5-Is in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alves Peixoto
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- *Christina Alves Peixoto:
| | - Ana Karolina Santana Nunes
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- 3Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death, is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and phosphatidylserine translocation to the outer membrane leaflet. Phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface binds endothelial CXCL16/SR-PSOX (CXC-Motiv-Chemokin-16/Scavenger-receptor-for-phosphatidylserine-and-oxidized-low-density-lipoprotein) and fosters engulfment of affected erythrocytes by phagocytosing cells. Eryptosis serves to eliminate infected or defective erythrocytes, but excessive eryptosis may lead to anemia and may interfere with microcirculation. Clinical conditions with excessive eryptosis include diabetes, chronic renal failure, hemolytic uremic syndrome, sepsis, malaria, iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glutamate cysteine ligase modulator deficiency, and Wilson's disease. RECENT ADVANCES Eryptosis is triggered by a wide variety of xenobiotics and other injuries such as oxidative stress. Signaling of eryptosis includes prostaglandin E₂ formation with subsequent activation of Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels, Ca(2+) entry, activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, and cell membrane scrambling, as well as phospholipase A2 stimulation with release of platelet-activating factor, sphingomyelinase activation, and ceramide formation. Eryptosis may involve stimulation of caspases and calpain with subsequent degradation of the cytoskeleton. It is regulated by AMP-activated kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, Janus-activated kinase 3, casein kinase 1α, p38 kinase, and p21-activated kinase 2. It is inhibited by erythropoietin, antioxidants, and further small molecules. CRITICAL ISSUES It remains uncertain for most disorders whether eryptosis is rather beneficial because it precedes and thus prevents hemolysis or whether it is harmful because of induction of anemia and impairment of microcirculation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This will address the significance of eryptosis, further mechanisms underlying eryptosis, and additional pharmacological tools fostering or inhibiting eryptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
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20
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The nitric oxide-cGKII system relays death and survival signals during embryonic retinal development via AKT-induced CREB1 activation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:915-28. [PMID: 24531539 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During early neurogenesis, retinal neuronal cells display a conserved differentiation program in vertebrates. Previous studies established that nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP accumulation regulate essential events in retinal physiology. Here we used pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function to investigate the effects of NO and its downstream signaling pathway in the survival of developing avian retinal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Six-day-old (E6) chick retinal cells displayed increased calcium influx and produced higher amounts of NO when compared with E8 cells. L-arginine (substrate for NO biosynthesis) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP; a nitrosothiol NO donor) promoted extensive cell death in E6 retinas, whereas in E8 both substances decreased apoptosis. The effect of NO at both periods was mediated by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK) activation. In addition, shRNA-mediated cGKII knockdown prevented NO-induced cell death (E6) and cell survival (E8). This, NO-induced cell death or cell survival was not correlated with an early inhibition of retinal cell proliferation. E6 cells also responded differentially from E8 neurons regarding cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation in the retina in vivo. NO strongly decreased nuclear phospho-CREB staining in E6 but it robustly enhanced CREB phosphorylation in the nuclei of E8 neurons, an effect that was completely abrogated by cGKII shRNAs at both embryonic stages. The ability of NO in regulating CREB differentially during retinal development relied on the capacity of cGKII in decreasing (E6) or increasing (E8) nuclear AKT (V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene) activation. Accordingly, inhibiting AKT prevented both cGKII shRNA-mediated CREB upregulation in E6 and SNAP-induced CREB activation in E8. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated in vivo cGKII or in vitro CREB1 knockdown confirmed that NO/cGKII dualistically regulated the downstream CREB1 pathway and caspase activation in the chick retina to modulate neuronal viability. These data demonstrate that NO-mediated cGKII signaling may function to control the viability of neuronal cells during early retinal development via AKT/CREB1 activity.
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21
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Seo SK, Yang W, Park YM, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee JE. Overexpression of human arginine decarboxylase rescues human mesenchymal stem cells against H₂O₂ toxicity through cell survival protein activation. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:366-73. [PMID: 23487582 PMCID: PMC3594598 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the potentiality of human arginine decarboxylase (ADC) to enhance the survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against unfavorable milieu of host tissues as the low survival of MSCs is the issue in cell transplantation therapy. To address this, human MSCs overexpressing human ADC were treated with H2O2 and the resultant intracellular events were examined. First, we examined whether human ADC is overexpressed in human MSCs. Then, we investigated cell survival or death related events. We found that the overexpression of human ADC increases formazan production and reduces caspase 3 activation and the numbers of FITC, hoechst, or propidium iodide positive cells in human MSCs exposed to H2O2. To elucidate the factors underlying these phenomena, AKT, CREB, and BDNF were examined. We found that the overexpression of human ADC phosphorylates AKT and CREB and increases BDNF level in human MSCs exposed to H2O2. The changes of these proteins are possibly relevant to the elevation of agmatine. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the overexpression of human ADC stimulates pro-survival factors to protect human MSCs against H2O2 toxicity. In conclusion, the present findings support that ADC can enhance the survival of MSCs against hostile environment of host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kyoung Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Shahani N, Sawa A. Nitric oxide signaling and nitrosative stress in neurons: role for S-nitrosylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1493-504. [PMID: 20812870 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mediates cellular signaling pathways that regulate a plethora of physiological processes. One of the signaling mechanisms mediated by NO is through S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, which is now regarded as an important redox-based physiological action. Deregulation of the protein S-nitrosylation upon nitrosative stress, however, has also been linked to various human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Between these physiological and pathophysiological roles, there are mechanisms whereby a milder level of nitrosative stress provides S-nitrosylation of some proteins that counteracts the pathological processes, serving as a negative feedback mechanism. In addition, NO has recently emerged as a mediator of epigenetic gene expression and chromatin changes. In this review, these molecular mechanisms, especially those in the central nervous system and neurodegenerative disorders, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Shahani
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Gaddini L, Villa M, Matteucci A, Mallozzi C, Petrucci TC, Di Stasi AMM, Leo L, Malchiodi-Albedi F, Pricci F. Early effects of high glucose in retinal tissue cultures Renin-Angiotensin system-dependent and -independent signaling. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35:278-85. [PMID: 19481149 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The early effects of the diabetic milieu on retinal tissue and their relation to the Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) activation are poorly known. Here we investigated RAS signaling in retinas explanted from adult rats exposed for 48 h to high glucose (HG), with or without the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat, which blocks RAS. HG was observed to i) initiate a phosphotyrosine-dependent signaling cascade; ii) up-regulate Angiotensin(1) Receptor (AT(1)R); iii) activate src tyrosine kinase and increase phosphorylation of Pyk2, PLCgamma1 and ERK1/2; and iv) activate Akt and the transcription factor CREB. In the presence of enalaprilat, tyrosine phosphorylation signal and AT(1)R upregulation decreased and activation of PLCgamma1 and CREB reverted, showing their relation to RAS signaling. In line with Akt activation, no apoptosis or synapse degeneration was found. Müller glia was activated, but in a RAS-independent manner. Our results suggest that, in early phases of HG exposure, a pro-survival cell program may be induced in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gaddini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy
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Signaling through cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in the amygdala is critical for auditory-cued fear memory and long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 2009; 28:14202-12. [PMID: 19109502 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2216-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of inputs relaying sensory information from cortical and thalamic neurons to principal neurons in the lateral amygdala (LA) is thought to serve as a cellular mechanism for associative fear learning. Nitric oxide (NO), a messenger molecule widely implicated in synaptic plasticity and behavior, has been shown to enhance LTP in the LA as well as consolidation of associative fear memory. Additional evidence suggests that NO-induced enhancement of LTP and amygdala-dependent learning requires signaling through soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK). Mammals possess two genes for cGK: the prkg1 gene gives rise to the cGK type I isoforms, cGKIalpha and cGKIbeta, and the prkg2 gene encodes the cGK type II. Reportedly, both cGKI and cGKII are expressed in the amygdala, and cGKII is involved in controlling anxiety-like behavior. Because selective pharmacological tools for individual cGK isoforms are lacking, we used different knock-out mouse models to examine the function of cGKI and cGKII for LTP in the LA and pavlovian fear conditioning. We found robust expression of the cGKI specifically in the LA with cGKIbeta as the prevailing isoform. We further show a marked reduction of LTP at both thalamic and cortical inputs to the LA and a selective impairment of auditory-cued fear memory in cGKI-deficient mutants. In contrast, cGKII null mutants lack these phenotypes. Our data suggest a function of cGKI, likely the beta isoform, in the LA, supporting synaptic plasticity and consolidation of fear memory.
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Manucha W, Vallés P. Hsp70/nitric oxide relationship in apoptotic modulation during obstructive nephropathy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:413-20. [PMID: 18563630 PMCID: PMC2673925 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional integrity of the kidney depends on normal development as well as on physiological cell turnover. Apoptosis induction is essential for these mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms are unleashed during obstructive nephropathy, one of the most complex being programmed cell death that leads to renal tubular atrophy and tubular loss. This review will focus on the interaction of nitric oxide and Hsp70 and on the regulation of renal antiapoptotic and protective oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Manucha
- Área de Fisiología Patológica, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
- IMBECU-CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Tecnológica), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia Vallés
- Área de Fisiología Patológica, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
- IMBECU-CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Tecnológica), Mendoza, Argentina
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Tatsumi Y, Kanamori A, Nagai-Kusuhara A, Nakanishi Y, Agarwal N, Negi A, Nakamura M. Nipradilol protects rat retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in vitro and by diabetes in vivo. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33:683-92. [PMID: 18696344 DOI: 10.1080/02713680802323157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if nipradilol has an anti-apoptotic effect in serum-deprived RGC-5 cells and in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. METHODS Apoptosis was quantified by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry or terminal dUTP nick end-labeling assay. RESULTS Nipradilol dose-dependently suppressed apoptosis in a protein kinase A- and G-dependent manner and counteracted glutamate-induced calcium entry in the RGC-5 cells and reduced apoptotic cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer of 4- and 12-week diabetic retinas compared to controls when instilled for 5 days. Removal of the nitric oxide moiety from nipradilol blocked these effects. CONCLUSIONS Nipradilol protects RGCs from apoptosis induced by serum-deprivation in vitro and by diabetes in vivo. The NO-related signaling pathway mediates the anti-apoptotic ability of nipradilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Tatsumi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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27
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Manuel M, Pratt T, Liu M, Jeffery G, Price DJ. Overexpression of Pax6 results in microphthalmia, retinal dysplasia and defective retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:59. [PMID: 18507827 PMCID: PMC2422841 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The transcription factor Pax6 is expressed by many cell types in the developing eye. Eyes do not form in homozygous loss-of-function mouse mutants (Pax6Sey/Sey) and are abnormally small in Pax6Sey/+ mutants. Eyes are also abnormally small in PAX77 mice expressing multiple copies of human PAX6 in addition to endogenous Pax6; protein sequences are identical in the two species. The developmental events that lead to microphthalmia in PAX77 mice are not well-characterised, so it is not clear whether over- and under-expression of Pax6/PAX6 cause microphthalmia through similar mechanisms. Here, we examined the consequences of over-expression for the eye and its axonal connections. Results Eyes form in PAX77+/+ embryos but subsequently degenerate. At E12.5, we found no abnormalities in ocular morphology, retinal cell cycle parameters and the incidence of retinal cell death. From E14.5 on, we observed malformations of the optic disc. From E16.5 into postnatal life there is progressively more severe retinal dysplasia and microphthalmia. Analyses of patterns of gene expression indicated that PAX77+/+ retinae produce a normal range of cell types, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). At E14.5 and E16.5, quantitative RT-PCR with probes for a range of molecules associated with retinal development showed only one significant change: a slight reduction in levels of mRNA encoding the secreted morphogen Shh at E16.5. At E16.5, tract-tracing with carbocyanine dyes in PAX77+/+ embryos revealed errors in intraretinal navigation by RGC axons, a decrease in the number of RGC axons reaching the thalamus and an increase in the proportion of ipsilateral projections among those RGC axons that do reach the thalamus. A survey of embryos with different Pax6/PAX6 gene dosage (Pax6Sey/+, Pax6+/+, PAX77+ and PAX77+/+) showed that (1) the total number of RGC axons projected by the retina and (2) the proportions that are sorted into the ipsilateral and contralateral optic tracts at the optic chiasm vary differently with gene dosage. Increasing dosage increases the proportion projecting ipsilaterally regardless of the size of the total projection. Conclusion Pax6 overexpression does not obviously impair the initial formation of the eye and its major cell-types but prevents normal development of the retina from about E14.5, leading eventually to severe retinal degeneration in postnatal life. This sequence is different to that underlying microphthalmia in Pax6+/- heterozygotes, which is due primarily to defects in the initial stages of lens formation. Before the onset of severe retinal dysplasia, Pax6 overexpression causes defects of retinal axons, preventing their normal growth and navigation through the optic chiasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Manuel
- Genes and Development Group, Centres for Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience Research, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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Abstract
To explore the functional significance of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) in the regulation of erythrocyte survival, gene-targeted mice lacking cGKI were compared with their control littermates. By the age of 10 weeks, cGKI-deficient mice exhibited pronounced anemia and splenomegaly. Compared with control mice, the cGKI mutants had significantly lower red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentration. Anemia was associated with a higher reticulocyte number and an increase of plasma erythropoietin concentration. The spleens of cGKI mutant mice were massively enlarged and contained a higher fraction of Ter119(+) erythroid cells, whereas the relative proportion of leukocyte subpopulations was not changed. The Ter119(+) cGKI-deficient splenocytes showed a marked increase in annexin V binding, pointing to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the outer membrane leaflet, a hallmark of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis. Compared with control erythrocytes, cGKI-deficient erythrocytes exhibited in vitro a higher cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, a known trigger of eryptosis, and showed increased PS exposure, which was paralleled by a faster clearance in vivo. Together, these results identify a role of cGKI as mediator of erythrocyte survival and extend the emerging concept that cGMP/cGKI signaling has an antiapoptotic/prosurvival function in a number of cell types in vivo.
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29
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Cosgrave AS, McKay JS, Bubb V, Morris R, Quinn JP, Thippeswamy T. Regulation of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) by the NO-cGMP pathway in the hippocampus during kainic acid-induced seizure. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 30:281-292. [PMID: 18375135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is widely distributed in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes of the hippocampus. Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures increases neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in neurons and inducible NOS (iNOS) in glia cells which coincides with a reduction in ADNP in the hippocampus. Inhibitors of NOS or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity reduce ADNP under basal conditions in the absence of seizures. Treating animals with these inhibitors prior to KA-induced seizure, in particular, L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester), advances the onset of the first seizure but reverses the loss of ADNP by 3 days after the first seizure. This suggests that the NO-cGMP pathway has a role in regulating ADNP under both basal physiological conditions and in the pathophysiological changes produced during epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Cosgrave
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Jennifer S McKay
- AstraZeneca, Department of Pathology Safety Assessment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Vivien Bubb
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - John P Quinn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZJ, UK.
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30
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Nicolay JP, Liebig G, Niemoeller OM, Koka S, Ghashghaeinia M, Wieder T, Haendeler J, Busse R, Lang F. Inhibition of suicidal erythrocyte death by nitric oxide. Pflugers Arch 2007; 456:293-305. [PMID: 18058124 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to counteract apoptosis by S-nitrosylation of protein thiol groups. NO is generated and stored in erythrocytes, which may undergo eryptosis, a suicidal cell death similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells. Eryptosis is triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and/or ceramide and characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. The present study explored whether nitric oxide could interfere with the machinery underlying eryptosis. To this end, erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure (annexin V-binding) and cell volume (forward scatter) were determined by flow cytometry. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (0.1 microM) increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity, triggered annexin binding, and decreased forward scatter. The annexin binding and decrease of forward scatter but not the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity were reversed by the NO-donor nitroprusside (1 microM) and papanonoate (100 microM). Higher concentrations of nitroprusside (0.1 and 1 mM) stimulated eryptosis. Glucose depletion, exposure to C6-ceramide (3 microM), hypertonic (addition of 550 mM sucrose), and isotonic (replacement of Cl- with gluconate) cell shrinkage all triggered annexin V binding, effects all reversed by nitroprusside (1 microM). Dibutyryl-cGMP (1 mM) blunted the ionomycin- but not the ceramide-induced annexin V binding. Ionomycin decreased protein nitrosylation and thioredoxin activity, effects reversed by the NO-donor papanonoate. Clearance of erythrocytes from circulating blood was significantly faster in eNOS knockout mice than in their wild-type littermates. In conclusion, nitric oxide participates in the regulation of erythrocyte survival, an effect partially mimicked by cGMP and paralleled by alterations of protein nitrosylation and thioredoxin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Nicolay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a major modulator of cellular function in health and disease. In addition to its well-known role as a mediator of smooth muscle relaxation, a rapidly developing body of research suggests, paradoxically, that NO can have both cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Choi et al. provide evidence that supports NO has a prosurvival effect on interstitial cells of Cajal in the mouse stomach. The objective of this short review is to place this interesting report in the context of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine and General Clinical Research Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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