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Yang C, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li W, Cao W, Jin K, Liu Y. Protection of Barrier Function in Cultured Human Corneal Epithelial Cells by Semaphorin 4D. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:894-903. [PMID: 37395011 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2232572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal epithelial barrier function is important to maintain corneal homeostasis and is impaired by inflammation. We aimed to investigate the localization of semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) in the cornea, and its effects on the barrier function of cultured corneal epithelial cells. METHODS The expressions of semaphorin4 D and its receptor in the murine cornea were examined by immunoblot, immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy observations. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells stimulated by TNF-α or IL-1β were cultured with or without Sema4D. Cell viability was examined by CCK8, cell migration was evaluated by scratch wound assay, and barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Dextran-FITC permeability assay. The expression of tight junction proteins in HCE cells was examined by immunoblot, immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that the protein of Sema4D and its receptor, plexin-B1, was expressed in murine cornea. Sema4D induced an increase in the TEER and a decrease in the permeability of HCE cells. It also induced the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 in HCE cells. Furthermore, under stimulation of TNF-α or IL-1β, Sema4D treatment could inhibit the decreased TEER and the elevated permeability of HCE cells. CONCLUSIONS Sema4D is located distinctly in corneal epithelial cells and promoted their barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Sema4D may act as a preventive for maintaining corneal epithelial barrier function during ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yunzepeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wanwei Cao
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Schwend T. Wiring the ocular surface: A focus on the comparative anatomy and molecular regulation of sensory innervation of the cornea. Differentiation 2023:S0301-4681(23)00010-5. [PMID: 36997455 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is richly innervated with sensory nerves that function to detect and clear harmful debris from the surface of the eye, promote growth and survival of the corneal epithelium and hasten wound healing following ocular disease or trauma. Given their importance to eye health, the neuroanatomy of the cornea has for many years been a source of intense investigation. Resultantly, complete nerve architecture maps exist for adult human and many animal models and these maps reveal few major differences across species. Interestingly, recent work has revealed considerable variation across species in how sensory nerves are acquired during developmental innervation of the cornea. Highlighting such species-distinct key differences, but also similarities, this review provides a full, comparative anatomy analysis of sensory innervation of the cornea for all species studied to date. Further, this article comprehensively describes the molecules that have been shown to guide and direct nerves toward, into and through developing corneal tissue as the final architectural pattern of the cornea's neuroanatomy is established. Such knowledge is useful for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the anatomical and molecular basis of corneal nerve pathologies and to hasten neuro-regeneration following infection, trauma or surgery that damage the ocular surface and its corneal nerves.
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Jeon KI, Nehrke K, Huxlin KR. Semaphorin 3A potentiates the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1 in the cornea. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:333-339. [PMID: 31668808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring is a major cause of blindness worldwide with few effective therapeutic options. Finding a treatment would be of tremendous public health benefit, but requires a thorough understanding of the complex interactions that underlie this phenomenon. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the large increase in expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in corneal wounds contributes to the development of stromal fibrosis. We first verified this increased expression in vivo, in a cat model of photorefractive keratectomy-induced corneal wounding. We then examined the impact of adding exogenous SEMA3A to cultured corneal fibroblasts, and assessed how this affected the ability of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) to induce their differentiation into myofibroblasts. Finally, we examined how siRNA knockdown of endogenous SEMA3A affected these same phenomena. We found exogenous SEMA3A to significantly potentiate TGF-β1's profibrotic effects, with only a minimal contribution from cell-intrinsic SEMA3A. Our results suggest a previously unrecognized interaction between SEMA3A and TGF-β1 in the wounded cornea, and a possible contribution of SEMA3A to the regulation of tissue fibrosis and remodeling in this transparent organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Nehrke
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Zhang M, Zhou Q, Luo Y, Nguyen T, Rosenblatt MI, Guaiquil VH. Semaphorin3A induces nerve regeneration in the adult cornea-a switch from its repulsive role in development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191962. [PMID: 29370308 PMCID: PMC5785010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral sensory nerves that innervate the cornea can be easily damaged by trauma, surgery, infection or diabetes. Several growth factors and axon guidance molecules, such as Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) are upregulated upon cornea injury. Nerves can regenerate after injury but do not recover their original density and patterning. Sema3A is a well known axon guidance and growth cone repellent protein during development, however its role in adult cornea nerve regeneration remains undetermined. Here we investigated the neuro-regenerative potential of Sema3A on adult peripheral nervous system neurons such as those that innervate the cornea. First, we examined the gene expression profile of the Semaphorin class 3 family members and found that all are expressed in the cornea. However, upon cornea injury there is a fast increase in Sema3A expression. We then corroborated that Sema3A totally abolished the growth promoting effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on embryonic neurons and observed signs of growth cone collapse and axonal retraction after 30 min of Sema3A addition. However, in adult isolated trigeminal ganglia or dorsal root ganglia neurons, Sema3A did not inhibited the NGF-induced neuronal growth. Furthermore, adult neurons treated with Sema3A alone produced similar neuronal growth to cells treated with NGF and the length of the neurites and branching was comparable between both treatments. These effects were replicated in vivo, where thy1-YFP neurofluorescent mice subjected to cornea epithelium debridement and receiving intrastromal pellet implantation containing Sema3A showed increased corneal nerve regeneration than those receiving pellets with vehicle. In adult PNS neurons, Sema3A is a potent inducer of neuronal growth in vitro and cornea nerve regeneration in vivo. Our data indicates a functional switch for the role of Sema3A in PNS neurons where the well-described repulsive role during development changes to a growth promoting effect during adulthood. The high expression of Sema3A in the normal and injured adult corneas could be related to its role as a growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuncin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Victor H. Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tanaka J, Tanaka H, Mizuki N, Nomura E, Ito N, Nomura N, Yamane M, Hida T, Goshima Y, Hatano H, Nakagawa H. Semaphorin 3A controls allergic and inflammatory responses in experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:1-10. [PMID: 25709899 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficacy of topical Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS Experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) mice model induced by short ragweed pollen (SRW) in 4-week-old of BALB/c mice, mice were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluorescence and light microscope photographs. Early phase took the samples in 24h after instillation and late phase took the samples between 4 to 14d after the start of treatment. The study use of topical SEMA3A (10 U, 100 U, 1000 U) eye drops and subconjunctival injection of SEMA3A with same concentration. For comparison, five types of allergy eyedrops were quantified using clinical characteristics. RESULTS Clinical score of composite ocular symptoms of the mice treated with SEMA3A were significantly decreased both in the immediate phase and the late phase compared to those treated with commercial ophthalmic formulations and non-treatment mice. SEMA3A treatment attenuates infiltration of eosinophils entering into conjunctiva in EAC mice. The score of eosinophil infiltration in the conjunctiva of SEMA3A 1000 U-treated group were significantly lower than low-concentration of SEMA3A treated groups and non-treated group. SEMA3A treatment also suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro and decreased serum total IgE levels in EAC mice. Moreover, Treatment of SEMA3A suppressed Th2-related cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and IL-4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α) release, but increased regulatory cytokine IL-10 concentration in the conjunctiva of EAC mice. CONCLUSIONS SEMA3A as a biological agent, showed the beneficial activity in ocular allergic processes with the less damage to the intraocular tissue. It is expected that SEMA3A may be contributed in patients with a more severe spectrum of refractory ocular allergic diseases including allergic conjunctivitis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmi Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan ; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naoko Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamane
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hida
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hatano
- Hatano Eye Clinic, 438-1 Fujisawa, Fujisawa, Kanagawa-ken 251-0052, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nakagawa
- Tokushima Eye Clinic, 1-2-14 Fujimi-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0024, Japan
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Treps L, Le Guelte A, Gavard J. Emerging roles of Semaphorins in the regulation of epithelial and endothelial junctions. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e23272. [PMID: 24665374 PMCID: PMC3879177 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue barriers maintain homeostasis, protect underlying tissues, are remodeled during organogenesis and injury and limit aberrant proliferation and dissemination. In this context, endothelial and epithelial intercellular junctions are the primary targets of various cues. This cellular adaptation requires plasticity and dynamics of adhesion molecules and the associated cytoskeleton, as well as the adhesive-linked signaling platforms. It is therefore not surprising that the guidance molecules from the Semaphorin family arise as novel modifiers of epithelia and endothelia in development and diseases. This review will focus on the actions of Semaphorins, and their cognate receptors, Plexins and Neuropilins, on epithelial and endothelial barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Treps
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| | - Armelle Le Guelte
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
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Spurlin JW, Lwigale PY. Wounded embryonic corneas exhibit nonfibrotic regeneration and complete innervation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:6334-44. [PMID: 24003085 PMCID: PMC3783042 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wound healing in adult corneas is characterized by activation of keratocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis that results in fibrotic scar formation and loss of transparency. Since most fetal wounds heal without scaring, we investigated the regenerative potential of wounded embryonic corneas. METHODS On embryonic day (E) 7 chick corneas were wounded by making a linear incision traversing the epithelium and anterior stroma. Wounded corneas were collected between E7 and E18, and analyzed for apoptosis, cell proliferation, staining of ECM components, and corneal innervation. RESULTS Substantial wound retraction was observed within 16-hours postwounding (hpw) and partial re-epithelialized by 5-days postwounding (dpw). Corneal wounds were fully re-epithelialized by 11 dpw with no visible scars. There was no difference in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis between wounded and control corneas. Cell proliferation was reduced in the wounded corneas, albeit mitotic cells in the regenerating epithelium. Staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tenascin, and fibronectin was vivid but transient at the wound site. Staining for procollagen I, perlecan, and keratan sulfate proteoglycan was reduced at the wound site. Wounded corneas were fully regenerated by 11 dpw and showed similar patterns of staining for ECM components, albeit an increase in perlecan staining. Corneal innervation was inhibited during wound healing, but regenerated corneas were innervated similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data show that minimal keratocyte activation, rapid ECM reconstruction, and proper innervation occur during nonfibrotic regeneration of the embryonic cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Spurlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Sarkar J, Chaudhary S, Jassim SH, Ozturk O, Chamon W, Ganesh B, Tibrewal S, Gandhi S, Byun YS, Hallak J, Mahmud DL, Mahmud N, Rondelli D, Jain S. CD11b+GR1+ myeloid cells secrete NGF and promote trigeminal ganglion neurite growth: implications for corneal nerve regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:5920-36. [PMID: 23942970 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterized fluorescent bone marrow cells (YFP(+) BMCs) in the thy1-YFP mouse and determine if they promote trigeminal ganglion (TG) cell neurite growth. METHODS Excimer laser annular keratectomy was performed in thy1-YFP mice, and corneas were imaged. BMCs were harvested from femur and tibia, and the expression of surface markers on YFP(+) BMCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunosuppressive action of BMCs (YFP(+) and YFP(-)) was evaluated in an allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Neurotrophic action of BMCs (YFP(+) and YFP(-)) was determined in compartmental and transwell cultures of dissociated TG cells. RESULTS Following annular keratectomy, YFP(+) BMCs infiltrated the cornea. YFP(+) BMCs shared surface markers (CD11b+Gr1+Ly6C+Ly6G-F4/80(low)) with monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), had similar morphology, and suppressed T-cell proliferation in allogenic MLR in a dose-dependent manner. YFP(+) BMCs, but not YFP(-) BMCs, significantly increased growth of TG neurites in vitro. When cultured in a transwell with TG neurites, YFP(+) BMCs expressed neurotrophins and secreted nerve growth factor (NGF) in conditioned medium. YFP(+) BMCs that infiltrated the cornea maintained their phenotype and actions (neuronal and immune). CONCLUSIONS YFP(+) BMCs in thy1-YFP mice have immunophenotypic features of MDSCs. They secrete NGF and promote neuroregeneration. Their immunosuppressive and neurotrophic actions are preserved after corneal infiltration. These findings increase our understanding of the beneficial roles played by leukocyte trafficking in the cornea and may lead to therapeutic strategies that use NGF-secreting myeloid cells to repair diseased or injured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Omoto M, Yoshida S, Miyashita H, Kawakita T, Yoshida K, Kishino A, Kimura T, Shibata S, Tsubota K, Okano H, Shimmura S. The semaphorin 3A inhibitor SM-345431 accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration and sensitivity in a murine corneal transplantation model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47716. [PMID: 23152758 PMCID: PMC3494696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve damage of the cornea is a complication following surgery or infection which may lead to decreased visual function. We examined the efficacy of the semaphorin 3A inhibitor, SM-345431, in promoting regeneration of peripheral nerves in a mouse corneal transplantation model. Methodology/Principal Findings P0-Cre/Floxed-EGFP mice which express EGFP in peripheral nerves cells were used as recipients of corneal transplantation with syngeneic wild-type mouse cornea donors. SM-345431 was administered subconjunctivally every 2 days while control mice received vehicle only. Mice were followed for 3 weeks and the length of regenerating nerves was measured by EGFP fluorescence and immunohistochemistry against βIII tubulin. Cornea sensitivity was also measured by the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. CD31 staining was used to determine corneal neovascularization as a possible side effect of SM-345431. Regeneration of βIII tubulin positive peripheral nerves was significantly higher in SM-345431 treated mice compared to control. Furthermore, corneal sensitivity significantly improved in the SM-345431 group by 3 weeks after transplantation. Neovascularization was limited to the peripheral cornea with no difference between SM-345431 group and control. Conclusions/Significance Subconjunctival injections of SM-345431 promoted a robust network of regenerating nerves as well as functional recovery of corneal sensation in a mouse keratoplasty model, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for treating neurotrophic corneal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Omoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawakita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kishino
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HO); (SS)
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HO); (SS)
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Ko JA, Mizuno Y, Yanai R, Chikama TI, Sonoda KH. Expression of semaphorin 3A and its receptors during mouse corneal development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:305-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ko JA, Akamatsu Y, Yanai R, Nishida T. Effects of semaphorin 3A overexpression in corneal fibroblasts on the expression of adherens-junction proteins in corneal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:781-6. [PMID: 20382125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts play important roles in tissue homeostasis. Semaphorins are a family of glycoproteins that contribute to axon guidance during development. With the use of a coculture system in which human corneal fibroblasts and epithelial cells are cultured on opposite sides of a collagen membrane, we have examined the effects of overexpression of semaphorin 3A in corneal fibroblasts on the expression of junctional proteins in corneal epithelial cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as well as immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the overexpression of semaphorin 3A in corneal fibroblasts increased the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in corneal epithelial cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. These effects of semaphorin 3A were dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca(2+). Our findings indicate that semaphorin 3A released from corneal fibroblasts may play an important role in the regulation of intercellular communication between corneal epithelial cells as well as in the maintenance of corneal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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Morishige N, Ko JA, Morita Y, Nishida T. Expression of semaphorin 3A in the rat corneal epithelium during wound healing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:451-7. [PMID: 20331965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The neural guidance protein semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is expressed in corneal epithelial cells of the adult rat. We have now further investigated the localization of Sema3A in the normal rat corneal epithelium as well as changes in its expression pattern during wound healing after central corneal epithelial debridement. The expression pattern of Sema3A was compared with that of the tight-junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the gap-junction protein connexin43 (Cx43), or the cell proliferation marker Ki67. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Sema3A was present predominantly in the membrane of basal and wing cells of the intact corneal epithelium. The expression of Sema3A at the basal side of basal cells was increased in the peripheral epithelium compared with that in the central region. Sema3A was detected in all layers at the leading edge of the migrating corneal epithelium at 6h after central epithelial debridement. The expression of Sema3A was markedly up-regulated in the basal and lateral membranes of columnar basal cells apparent in the thickened, newly healed epithelium at 1 day after debridement, but it had largely returned to the normal pattern at 3 days after debridement. The expression of ZO-1 was restricted to superficial epithelial cells and remained mostly unchanged during the wound healing process. The expression of Cx43 in basal cells was down-regulated at the leading edge of the migrating epithelium but was stable in the remaining portion of the epithelium. Ki67 was not detected in basal cells of the central epithelium at 1 day after epithelial debridement, when Sema3A was prominently expressed. Immunoblot analysis showed that the abundance of Sema3A in the central cornea was increased 1 day after epithelial debridement, whereas that of ZO-1 or Cx43 remained largely unchanged. This increase in Sema3A expression was accompanied by up-regulation of the Sema3A coreceptor neuropilin-1. Our observations have thus shown that the expression of Sema3A is increased markedly in basal cells of the newly healed corneal epithelium, and that this up-regulation of Sema3A is not associated with cell proliferation. They further suggest that Sema3A might play a role in the regulation of corneal epithelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Morishige
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Ko JA, Morishige N, Yanai R, Nishida T. Up-regulation of semaphorin 3A in human corneal fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor released from cocultured human corneal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:104-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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