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Wang J, Xiang Y, Wu L, Zhang C, Han B, Cheng Y, Tong Y, Yan D, Wang L. The association between inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia-related traits: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01486-w. [PMID: 39122802 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is among the most common musculoskeletal illnesses, yet its underlying biochemical mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Identifying the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with sarcopenia components would help understand the etiology of sarcopenia. We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study to explore the causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia-related traits. METHODS The study was performed in two stages using bidirectional dual-sample Mendelian randomization. We obtained aggregated statistical data on inflammatory factors, low grip strength, and ALM from genome-wide association studies. To explore the causal association between exposure and outcomes, we primarily utilized the inverse variance weighted strategy. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses through the use of Mendelian randomization (MR) Egger, weighted median and simple mode methods. To evaluate robustness of the results and to identify and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy, we performed the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test, the MR Egger intercept test, and a leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS The results displayed a potential association between interleukin-10 (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.002-1.093, p = 0.042) and vascular endothelial growth factor (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.001-1.047, p = 0.038) and the risk of low hand-grip strength. Moreover, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.000-1.019, p = 0.042) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.003-1.017, p = 0.003) were significantly linked to a higher risk of ALM. CONCLUSION We identified a causal relationship between multiple inflammatory factors and sarcopenia-related traits. Our study offers valuable insights into innovative methods for the sarcopenia prevention and treatment by regulating inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Baojuan Han
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Luhe hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 101149, Beijing, China.
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Starr CR, Gorbatyuk MS. Posttranslational modifications of proteins in diseased retina. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1150220. [PMID: 37066080 PMCID: PMC10097899 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1150220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are known to constitute a key step in protein biosynthesis and in the regulation of protein functions. Recent breakthroughs in protein purification strategies and current proteome technologies make it possible to identify the proteomics of healthy and diseased retinas. Despite these advantages, the research field identifying sets of posttranslationally modified proteins (PTMomes) related to diseased retinas is significantly lagging, despite knowledge of the major retina PTMome being critical to drug development. In this review, we highlight current updates regarding the PTMomes in three retinal degenerative diseases-namely, diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A literature search reveals the necessity to expedite investigations into essential PTMomes in the diseased retina and validate their physiological roles. This knowledge would accelerate the development of treatments for retinal degenerative disorders and the prevention of blindness in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina S. Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Neuroprotective Effects of Erinacine A on an Experimental Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021504. [PMID: 36675019 PMCID: PMC9864134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erinacine A (EA), a natural neuroprotectant, is isolated from a Chinese herbal medicine, Hericium erinaceus. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EA in a rat model of traumatic optic neuropathy. The optic nerves (ONs) of adult male Wistar rats were crushed using a standardized method and divided into three experimental groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control)-treated group, standard EA dose-treated group (2.64 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS), and double EA dose-treated group (5.28 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS). After ON crush, each group was fed orally every day for 14 days before being euthanized. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined using flash visual-evoked potentials (fVEP) analysis, retrograde Fluoro-Gold labelling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Macrophage infiltration of ON was detected by immunostaining (immunohistochemistry) for ED1. The protein levels of phosphor-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase1 (pRIP1), caspase 8 (Cas8), cleaved caspase 3 (cCas3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tumour necrosis factor receptor1 (TNFR1), interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated by Western blotting. When comparing the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group with the PBS-treated group, fVEP analysis showed that the amplitudes of P1−N2 in the standard EA dose group and the double EA dose-treated group were 1.8 and 2.4-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The density of RGC in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group were 2.3 and 3.7-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The TUNEL assay showed that the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group had significantly reduced numbers of apoptotic RGC by 10.0 and 15.6-fold, respectively, compared with the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The numbers of macrophages on ON were reduced by 1.8 and 2.2-fold in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group, respectively (p < 0.01). On the retinal samples, the levels of pRIP, Cas8, cCas3, TNF-α, TNFR1, IL-1β, and iNOS were decreased, whereas those of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 were increased in both EA-treated groups compared to those in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). EA treatment has neuroprotective effects on an experimental model of traumatic optic neuropathy by suppressing apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress to protect the RGCs from death as well as preserving the visual function.
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Trigger a Novel Signaling Pathway (TAF9-P53-TRIAP1-CASP3) to Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells after Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158359. [PMID: 35955492 PMCID: PMC9368818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve head (ONH) infarct can result in progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) protects the RGC after ON infarct. However, protective mechanisms of the GCSF after ONH infarct are complex and remain unclear. To investigate the complex mechanisms involved, the transcriptome profiles of the GCSF-treated retinas were examined using microarray technology. The retinal mRNA samples on days 3 and 7 post rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. GCSF treatment influenced 3101 genes and 3332 genes on days 3 and 7 post rAION, respectively. ONH infarct led to changes in 702 and 179 genes on days 3 and 7 post rAION, respectively. After cluster analysis, the levels of TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor were significantly reduced after ONH infarct, but these significantly increased after GCSF treatment. The network analysis revealed that TBP associated factor 9 (TAF9) can bind to P53 to induce TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) expression. To evaluate the function of TAF9 in RGC apoptosis, GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated rats were evaluated using retrograde labeling with FluoroGold assay, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting in an rAION model. The RGC densities in the GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated rAION group were 1.95-fold (central retina) and 1.75-fold (midperipheral retina) lower than that in the GCSF-treated rAION group (p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic RGC in the GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated group was threefold higher than that in the GCSF-treated group (p < 0.05). Treatment with TAF9 siRNA significantly reduced GCSF-induced TP53 and TRIAP1 expression by 2.4-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively, in the rAION model. Overexpression of TAF9 significantly reduced apoptotic RGC and CASP3 levels, and induced TP53 and TRIAP1 expression in the rAION model. Therefore, we have demonstrated that GCSF modulated a new pathway, TAF9-P53-TRIAP1-CASP3, to control RGC death and survival after ON infarct.
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Huang CT, Wen YT, Desai TD, Tsai RK. Intravitreal Injection of Long-Acting Pegylated Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Provides Neuroprotective Effects via Antioxidant Response in a Rat Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1934. [PMID: 34943037 PMCID: PMC8750325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) may cause severe visual loss following direct or indirect head trauma which may result in optic nerve injuries and therefore contribute to the subsequent loss of retinal ganglion cells by inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions but has a short half-life and also induces leukocytosis upon typical systemic administration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the anti-oxidative response and neuroprotective effects of long-acting pegylated human G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF) in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Wistar rats (150-180 g) were chosen to have a sham operation in one eye and have ONC in the other. PEG-G-CSF or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ONC by intravitreal injection (IVI). We found the IVI of PEG-G-CSF does not induce systemic leukocytosis, but increases survival of RGCs and preserves the visual function after ONC. TUNEL assays showed fewer apoptotic cells in the retina in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. The number of sorely ED1-positive cells was attenuated at the lesion site in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Immunoblotting showed up-regulation of p-Akt1, Nrf2, Sirt3, and HO-1 in the ON of the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Our results demonstrated that one IVI of long-acting PEG-G-CSF is neuroprotective in the rONC. PEG-G-CSF activates the p-Akt1/Nrf2/Sirt3 and the p-Akt1/Nrf2/HO-1 axes to provide the antioxidative action and further attenuated RGC apoptosis and neuroinflammation. This provides crucial preclinical information for the development of alternative therapy with IVI of PEG-G-CSF in TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Te Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Tushar Dnyaneshwar Desai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Pourtaji A, Sahebkar A, Poorzand H, Moshiri M, Mohammadpour AH, Mousavi SR. Evaluation of the Cardioprotective Effect of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:589-601. [PMID: 33092501 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201022112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO), which is well known as silent killer, has many toxic effects on organs with high rate of metabolism such as heart and brain. CO-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in a wide range of disabilities including electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, elevation in level of cardiac enzymes, arrhythmias, impairment of left ventricular and myocardial infarction (MI). Cardio-protective effects of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on infarcted heart was proved previously in various reports. OBJECTIVE In this study, possible effect of G-CSF on cardiac function of patients with moderate to severe acute CO poisoning was investigated. METHODS Cardioprotective effects of G-CSF in CO-poisoned patients was evaluated through ECG, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and biochemical studies. Continuous intravenous infusion of G-CSF (90 μg/kg) and normal saline were administered respectively to treatment and placebo groups. RESULTS The results demonstrated that in moderate to severe CO poisoning, myocardial injury is common. ECG changes (e.g., ST-segment and T-wave changes, QTC), cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., heart blocks and ventricular arrhythmias), serum level of Troponin I, left ventricular ejection fraction were determined after G-CSF administration. Frequencies of ST depression, inversion or flatting of T wave and QTC in ECG were significantly reduced after G-CSF treatment. In addition, incidence of cardiac arrhythmias due to CO poisoning were reduced after G-CSF treatment. However, G-CSF did not exert protective effects on TPI level and function of left ventricular in CO-poisoned patients. CONCLUSION GCSF could probably reduce CO-induced cardiac ischemia in patients with acute CO poisoning. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) registry (Irct ID: IRCT201607232083N7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Pourtaji
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoorak Poorzand
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wen YT, Huang CW, Liu CP, Chen CH, Tu CM, Hwang CS, Chen YH, Chen WR, Lin KL, Ho YC, Chen TC, Tsai RK. Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss By a Novel ROCK Inhibitor (E212) in Ischemic Optic Nerve Injury Via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:21. [PMID: 34015079 PMCID: PMC8142697 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of administration of ROCK inhibitor E212 on ischemic optic neuropathy. Methods Rats received an intravitreal injection of either E212 or PBS immediately after optic nerve infarct. The oxidative stress in the retina was detected by performing superoxide dismutase activity and CellROX assays. The integrity of retinal pigment epithelium was determined by staining of zona occludens 1. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined by using flash visual-evoked potential analysis, retrograde FluoroGold labeling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labeling assay. Macrophage infiltration was detected by staining for ED1. The protein levels of TNF-α, p-CRMP, p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were evaluated using Western blotting. Results Administration of E212 resulted in a 1.23-fold increase in the superoxide dismutase activity of the retina and 2.28-fold decrease in RGC-produced reactive oxygen species as compared to the levels observed upon treatment with PBS (P < 0.05). Moreover, E212 prevented the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in contrast to PBS. The P1-N2 amplitude and RGC density in the E212-treated group were 1.75- and 2.05-fold higher, respectively, than those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The numbers of apoptotic RGCs and macrophages were reduced by 2.93- and 2.54-fold, respectively, in the E212-treated group compared with those in the PBS-treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of p-AKT1, p-STAT3, and CD206 were increased, whereas those of p-PTEN, p-CRMP2, and TNF-α were decreased after treatment with E212 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with E212 suppresses oxidative stress, BRB disruption, and neuroinflammation to protect the visual function in ischemic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Liu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Mu Tu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chrong-Shiong Hwang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ru Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Ho
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abri Aghdam K, Aghajani A, Ashraf Khorasani M, Soltan Sanjari M, Chaibakhsh S, Habibi A, Falavarjani KG. Intravitreal Injection Of The Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor For The Treatment Of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Pilot Study. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:649-657. [PMID: 33689586 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1896749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods: Patients with acute NAION were enrolled in this prospective interventional case series. They received an intravitreal injection of 60 micrograms in 0.1 ml of G-CSF within 2 weeks of the onset of the disease. Visual acuity, visual field, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were recorded before injections and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and one year after the injections. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) was obtained at the baseline, 1 month, and 12 months post- injections.Results: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients entered the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in the first month following injections (p = .007), decreased subsequently, and the final BCVA showed no significant improvement (p = .278) compared to the baseline measurements. A significant decrease in RNFL thickness was observed in all quadrants compared to the baseline measurements. Also, no improvement in the visual field parameters was observed. From the toxicity aspect, no significant changes in the corneal endothelial cell density, IOP, and ERG recordings were observed.Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of G-CSF seems to be safe. The effect may last for one month and then decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abri Aghdam
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aghajani
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ashraf Khorasani
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Soltan Sanjari
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Habibi
- , Eye Research Center, the Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang W, Lan Q, Jiang L, Yan W, Tang F, Shen C, Huang H, Zhong H, Lv J, Zeng S, Li M, Mo Z, Hu B, Liang N, Chen Q, Zhang M, Xu F, Cui L. Fasudil attenuates glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways after optic nerve crush. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8963-8973. [PMID: 33161529 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the functional role of fasudil in optic nerve crush (ONC), and further explore its possible molecular mechanism. After ONC injury, the rats were injected intraperitoneally either with fasudil or normal saline once a day until euthanized. RGCs survival was assessed by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold. Retinal glial cells activation and population changes (GFAP, iba-1) were measured by immunofluorescence. The expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and 9, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were detected by western blot. The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasudil treatment inhibited RGCs apoptosis and reduced RGCs loss demonstrated by the decreased apoptosis-associated proteins expression and the increased fluorogold labeling of RGCs after ONC, respectively. In addition, the ONC + fasudil group compared had a significantly lower expression of GFAP and iba1 compared with the ONC group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in the ONC + fasudil group than in the ONC group. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT (p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT) were obviously elevated by the fasudil treatment. Our study demonstrated that fasudil attenuated glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation by up-regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways in rats ONC models. We conclude that fasudil may be a novel treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenya Yan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaolan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Mo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Liu PK, Wen YT, Lin W, Kapupara K, Tai M, Tsai RK. Neuroprotective effects of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10351. [PMID: 32587280 PMCID: PMC7316837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) causes a sudden loss of vision and lacks effective treatment. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides neuroprotection against the experimental optic nerve injuries but also induce leukocytosis upon typical administration. We found synergetic neuroprotective effects of meloxicam and low dose G-CSF without leukocytosis in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). The WBC counts in the low-dose G-CSF-plus meloxicam-treated group were similar to the sham-operated group. Combination treatment of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam preserved RGCs survival and visual function, reduced RGC apoptosis and the macrophages infiltration, and promote more M2 phenotype of macrophage/microglial transition than the low-dose GCSF treatment or the meloxicam treatment. Moreover, the combination treatment induced higher serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) expression. The combination treatment of low-dose G-CSF plus meloxicam lessened the leukocytotic side effect and provided neuroprotective effects via Akt1 activation in the rAION model. This approach provides crucial preclinical information for the development of alternative therapy in AION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Minghong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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11
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Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin Is a Potential Neuroprotective Agent against Optic Nerve Ischemia. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020085. [PMID: 32012819 PMCID: PMC7074344 DOI: 10.3390/md18020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll belonging to the family of carotenoids, is a potent antioxidant. However, much less is known about its protective effects on the oxidative stress of ischemic optic nerve. We hypothesized that astaxanthin treatment could protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from death via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic responses. Adult male Wistar rats were fed astaxanthin (100 mg/kg/day) by daily gavage for seven consecutive days, either before or after inducing oxidative stress in the retina by photodynamic treatment. The visual function, RGC apoptosis, macrophage infiltration in the optic nerve, expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, SGK1, pS6K, Nrf2, p62, TNFα, Il1β in retinas were investigated. The visual function and the RGC densities were significantly higher in both pre- and post-treatment groups. The numbers of apoptotic RGCs and extrinsic macrophage infiltration in the optic nerve were significantly decreased in both astaxanthin-treated groups. Furthermore, pre- and post-treatment of astaxanthin showed a higher expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, Nrf2 and superoxide dismutase activity, and a lower expression of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative roles. Our findings indicate that astaxanthin can preserve visual function and reduce RGC apoptosis after ischemic insults. Including astaxanthin in daily diet as a supplement may be beneficiary for ischemic optic neuropathy.
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12
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Algae Oil Treatment Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) via ERK Signaling Pathway in Experimental Optic Nerve Ischemia. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020083. [PMID: 32012745 PMCID: PMC7074556 DOI: 10.3390/md18020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the therapeutic effects and related mechanisms of algae oil (ALG) to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Methods: Rats were daily gavaged with ALG after rAION induction for seven days. The therapeutic effects of ALG on rAION were evaluated using flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs), retrograde labeling of RGCs, TUNEL assay of the retina, and ED1 staining of optic nerves (ONs). The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, Cl-caspase-3, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and p-ERK were analyzed by using western blots. Results: Protection of visual function in FVEPs amplitude was noted, with a better preservation of the P1–N2 amplitude in the ALG-treated group (p = 0.032) than in the rAION group. The density of RGCs was 2.4-fold higher in the ALG-treated group compared to that in the rAION group (p < 0.0001). The number of ED1-positive cells in ONs was significantly reduced 4.1-fold in the ALG-treated group compared to those in the rAION group (p = 0.029). The number of apoptotic RGCs was 3.2-fold lower in number in the ALG-treated group (p = 0.001) than that in the rAION group. The ALG treatment inhibited ERK activation to reduce the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cl-caspase-3 and to increase the level of CNTF in the rAION model. Conclusion: The treatment with ALG after rAION induction inhibits ERK activation to provide both anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in rAION.
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13
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Laval K, Van Cleemput J, Vernejoul JB, Enquist LW. Alphaherpesvirus infection of mice primes PNS neurons to an inflammatory state regulated by TLR2 and type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008087. [PMID: 31675371 PMCID: PMC6824567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus closely related to Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) and Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1) infects mucosa epithelia and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of its host. We previously demonstrated that PRV infection induces a specific and lethal inflammatory response, contributing to severe neuropathy in mice. So far, the mechanisms that initiate this neuroinflammation remain unknown. Using a mouse footpad inoculation model, we found that PRV infection rapidly and simultaneously induces high G-CSF and IL-6 levels in several mouse tissues, including the footpad, PNS and central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Interestingly, this global increase occurred before PRV had replicated in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurons and also was independent of systemic inflammation. These high G-CSF and IL-6 levels were not caused by neutrophil infiltration in PRV infected tissues, as we did not detect any neutrophils. Efficient PRV replication and spread in the footpad was sufficient to activate DRGs to produce cytokines. Finally, by using knockout mice, we demonstrated that TLR2 and IFN type I play crucial roles in modulating the early neuroinflammatory response and clinical outcome of PRV infection in mice. Overall, these results give new insights into the initiation of virus-induced neuroinflammation during herpesvirus infections. Herpesviruses are major pathogens worldwide. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The natural host is the pig, but PRV can infect most mammals. In these non-natural hosts, the virus causes a severe pruritus called the ‘mad itch’. Interestingly, PRV infects the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and induces a specific and lethal inflammatory response in mice, yet little is know about how this neuroinflammatory response is initiated. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time how PNS neurons tightly regulate the inflammatory response during PRV infection and contribute to severe clinical outcome in mice. Our work provides new insights into the process of alphaherpesvirus-induced neuropathies, leading to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn Laval
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jolien Van Cleemput
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonah B. Vernejoul
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lynn W. Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Wen YT, Zhang JR, Kapupara K, Tsai RK. mTORC2 activation protects retinal ganglion cells via Akt signaling after autophagy induction in traumatic optic nerve injury. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31409770 PMCID: PMC6802655 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy is an injury to the optic nerve that leads to vision loss. Autophagy is vital for cell survival and cell death in central nervous system injury, but the role of autophagy in traumatic optic nerve injury remains uncertain. Optic nerve crush is a robust model of traumatic optic nerve injury. p62 siRNA and rapamycin are autophagy inducers and have different neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. In this study, p62 and rapamycin induced autophagy, but only p62 siRNA treatment provided a favorable protective effect in visual function and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. Moreover, the number of macrophages at the optic nerve lesion site was lower in the p62-siRNA-treated group than in the other groups. p62 siRNA induced more M2 macrophage polarization than rapamycin did. Rapamycin inhibited both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, whereas p62 siRNA inhibited only mTORC1 activation and maintained mTORC2 and Akt activation. Inhibition of mTORC2-induced Akt activation resulted in blood–optic nerve barrier disruption. Combined treatment with rapamycin and the mTORC2 activator SC79 improved RGC survival. Overall, our findings suggest that mTORC2 activation after autophagy induction is necessary for the neuroprotection of RGCs in traumatic optic nerve injury and may lead to new clinical applications. Regulating molecular signaling pathways that control the degradation of cellular components—a process known as autophagy—could offer a new approach to treating optic nerve damage after traumatic injuries. There is currently no established treatment option for traumatic optic nerve injury. Rong-Kung Tsai and colleagues at Tzu Chi University in Hualien, Taiwan, explored the role of a protein complex called mTORC2 in autophagy during the repair of optic nerves in rats. They investigated mTORC2 activation by small RNA molecules that also activate autophagy, and by drugs that activate autophagy but inhibit mTORC2. The results indicate that autophagy associated with activation of mTORC2 protects damaged retinal neurons and promotes visual recovery. In addition to treating optic nerve injuries, drugs activating mTORC2 and autophagy might help treat nerve-related diseases of the eye, including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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15
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Li JY, Ren KK, Zhang WJ, Xiao L, Wu HY, Liu QY, Ding T, Zhang XC, Nie WJ, Ke Y, Deng KY, Liu QW, Xin HB. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and their paracrine factors promote wound healing by inhibiting heat stress-induced skin cell apoptosis and enhancing their proliferation through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:247. [PMID: 31399039 PMCID: PMC6688220 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) yield a favorable therapeutic benefit for thermal burn skin wounds. Human amniotic MSCs (hAMSCs) derived from amniotic membrane have multilineage differentiation, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory potential which makes them suitable for treating skin wounds. However, the exact effects of hAMSCs on the healing of thermal burn skin wounds and their potential mechanisms are not explored. Methods hAMSCs were isolated from amniotic membrane and characterized by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and tumorigenicity test. We assessed the effects of hAMSCs and hAMSC conditional medium (CM) on wound healing in a deep second-degree burn injury model of mice. We then investigated the biological effects of hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM on the apoptosis and proliferation of heat stress-injured human keratinocytes HaCAT and dermal fibroblasts (DFL) both in vivo and in vitro. Next, we explored the underlying mechanisms by assessing PI3K/AKT and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways in heat injured HaCAT and DFL cells after hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM treatments using PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and β-catenin inhibitor ICG001. Antibody array assay was used to identify the cytokines secreted by hAMSCs that may activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Results Our results showed that hAMSCs expressed various markers of embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells and have low immunogenicity and no tumorigenicity. hAMSC and hAMSC-CM transplantation significantly promoted thermal burn wound healing by accelerating re-epithelialization with increased expression of CK19 and PCNA in vivo. hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM markedly inhibited heat stress-induced apoptosis in HaCAT and DFL cells in vitro through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and promoted their proliferation by activating GSK3β/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hAMSC-mediated activation of GSK3β/β-catenin signaling was dependent on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Antibody array assay showed that a panel of cytokines including PAI-1, C-GSF, periostin, and TIMP-1 delivered from hAMSCs may contribute to the improvement of the wound healing through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM efficiently cure heat stress-induced skin injury by inhibiting apoptosis of skin cells and promoting their proliferation through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1366-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Kang Ren
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-You Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ding
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Nie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ke
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Kapupara K, Huang TL, Wen YT, Huang SP, Tsai RK. Optic nerve head width and retinal nerve fiber layer changes are proper indexes for validating the successful induction of experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Exp Eye Res 2018; 181:105-111. [PMID: 30557569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible skills are essential for successful induction of a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). We established an in vivo validation index by measuring the natural course of optic nerve head (ONH) width and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the rAION model using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The rAION model was induced by photodynamic operations. We measured the ONH width, RNFL, Inner Plexiform layer (IPL) and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in the acute stage (<3 days), subacute stage (day-7 to day-14) and later stage (day-14 to day-28) post-infarct by OCT. Retinal layers were measured by hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE) to confirm the OCT findings. The RGCs survival rate was determined by retrograde Fluoro-gold labeling, and the visual function was assessed with flash visual-evoked potentials (FVEPs) 4 weeks post-infarct. We observed significant thinning in GCC, IPL, and RNFL at day-14 and day-28 but only RNFL showed significant thinning between day-14 and day-28. The ONH showed significant swelling in the acute stage which correlated at a greater extent with RNFL than GCC and IPL. Further RNFL correlated at a greater extent at with GCC than IPL. HE-stained retina cross sections also showed IPL and RNFL thinning, which further confirmed our OCT findings. The RGC density and P1-N2 amplitude were significantly reduced in rAION. Our data suggest that Swelling, reduction of swelling, and atrophy of RNFL in acute, sub-acute, and later stage, respectively and ONH swelling in the acute stage are essential events for confirming the successful induction of rAION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banqiao District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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17
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Neto NIP, Murari ASDP, Oyama LM, Otoch JP, Alcântara PSM, Tokeshi F, Figuerêdo RG, Alves MJ, Lima JDCC, Matos-Neto EMD, Seelaender M, Oller do Nascimento CM. Peritumoural adipose tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with tumoural growth factors in cancer cachexia patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1101-1108. [PMID: 30284380 PMCID: PMC6240753 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome, often irreversible, that affects patients with cancer influenced, in part, by the inflammatory condition. Peritumoural adipose tissue produces adipokines and angiogenic, apoptotic, and growth factors; given the possible crosstalk between the peritumoural adipose tissue and tumour, these may play an important role in cancer biology and carcinogenesis. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors produced by peritumoural adipose tissue in a cohort of 16 colorectal cancer patients with either weight-stable cancer (WSC; n = 7) or CC (n = 9). The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee (972.914). Samples of peritumoural adipose tissue were analysed for concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, STAT-1, STAT-3, RANTES, IL-1Ra, IP-10, IL-15, MCP-1, IFN-α, GCSF, FADD, and TGF-β. The cytokines and proteins were measured using Multiplex. Correlations between the proteins and cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS TNF-α, STAT-1, and FADD, a factor involved in apoptosis, were significantly higher in CC group than in the WSC group. In the peritumoural adipose tissue of the CC group, RANTES showed a significant positive correlation with IL-1Ra and IP-10 and a negative correlation with IFN-α; and GCSF showed significant negative correlations with IL-1Ra, IP-10, IL-15, and MCP-1 and a positive correlation with IFN-α. In the peritumoural adipose tissue of the WSC group, no significant correlations were detected between RANTES, GCSF, IL-3, FADD, and STAT-1 and the cytokines/chemokines analysed. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that inflammatory and tumorigenic pathways were altered in peritumoural adipose tissue in CC. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines were correlated with growth factors in the peritumoural adipose tissue of cachectic patients, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines modulated the proliferative environment closely linked to the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Inácio Pinto Neto
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Galvão Figuerêdo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Joana Alves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilia Seelaender
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Montibeller GR, Schackmann B, Urbschat S, Oertel JMK. Effect of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor on the cochlear nuclei after creation of a partial nerve lesion: an experimental study in rats. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:296-303. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.10.jns161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe risk of injury of the cochlear nerve during angle (CPA) surgery is high. Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been found in various experimental models of peripheral and CNS injury to have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. However, to the authors' knowledge, the influence of G-CSF on cochlear nerve regeneration has not been reported. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF after a partial cochlear nerve lesion in rats.METHODSA lesion of the right cochlear nerve in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was created using a water-jet dissector with a pressure of 8 bar. In the first group (G-CSF-post), G-CSF was administrated on Days 1, 3, and 5 after the surgery. The second group (G-CSF-pre/post) was treated with G-CSF 1 day before and 1, 3, and 5 days after applying the nerve injury. The control group received sodium chloride after nerve injury at the various time points. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured directly before and after nerve injury and on Days 1 and 7 to evaluate the acoustic function of the cochlear nerve. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after the operation, and their brains were fixed in formalin. Nissl staining of the cochlear nuclei was performed, and histological sections were analyzed with a light microscope and an image-processing program. The numbers of neurons in the cochlear nuclei were assessed.RESULTSThe values for Waves 2 and 4 of the BAEPs decreased abruptly in all 3 groups in the direct postoperative measurement. Although the amplitude in the control group did not recover, it increased in both treatment groups. According to 2-way ANOVA, groups treated with G-CSF had a significant increase in BAEP Wave II amplitudes on the right side (p = 0.0401) after the applied cochlear nerve injury. With respect to Wave IV, a trend toward better recovery in the G-CSF groups was found, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the histological analysis, higher numbers of neurons were found in the G-CSF groups. In the statistical analysis, the difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-post groups reached significance (p = 0.0086). The difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-pre/post groups and between the G-CSF-post and G-CSF-pre/post groups did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSThe use of G-CSF improved the function of the eighth cranial nerve and protected cochlear nucleus cells from destruction after a controlled partial injury of the nerve. These findings might be relevant for surgery that involves CPA tumors. The use of G-CSF in patients with a lesion in the CPA might improve postoperative outcomes.
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Falavarjani KG, Habibi A, Pourhabibi A, Hosseini SB, Modarres M, Parvaresh MM, Shahriari-Ahmadi A. Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Rabbit Eyes. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:636-639. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1227447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Habibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Pourhabibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Modarres
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Parvaresh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahriari-Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Song YS, Joe JH, Joo HW, Park IH, Shen GY, Kim KJ, Lee Y, Shin JH, Kim H, Kim KS. The Effects of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on Regeneration in Nerve Crush Injuries in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1645-50. [PMID: 26980007 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely known to have a neuroprotective effect, but its effects on function and morphology in mechanical nerve injury are not well understood. The aim of this study was to confirm the time course of the functional changes and morphological effects of G-CSF in a rat model of nerve crush injury. Twelve-eight rats were divided into three group: sham-operated control group, G-CSF-treated group, and saline treated group. 2 weeks after the nerve crush injury, G-CSF was injected for 5 days. After 4 weeks, functional tests such as motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), mechanical and cold allodynia tests, and morphological studies were performed. G-CSF-treated rats had significantly improved nerve function including MNCV and mechanical and cold allodynia. In addition, G-CSF-treated rats had significantly higher the density of myelinated fibers than saline-treated rats. In conclusion, we found that 100 μg/kg administration of G-CSF promoted long-term functional recovery in a rat model of nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sun Song
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Joe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Joo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Hwa Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guang-Yin Shen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonggu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Sungae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Shin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Autocrine protective mechanisms of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush. Exp Eye Res 2016; 143:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Hashemzaei M, Imen Shahidi M, Moallem SA, Abnous K, Ghorbani M, Mohamadpour AH. Modulation of JAK2, STAT3 and Akt1 proteins by granulocyte colony stimulating factor following carbon monoxide poisoning in male rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:375-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chien JY, Sheu JH, Wen ZH, Tsai RK, Huang SP. Neuroprotective effect of 4-(Phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one on optic nerve crush model in rats. Exp Eye Res 2015; 143:148-57. [PMID: 26472213 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of coral-related compound, 4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on optic nerves (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in a rat model subjected to ON crush. The ONs of adult male Wistar rat (150-180 g) were crushed by a standardized method. The control eyes received a sham operation. 4-PSB-2 (5 mg/kg in 0.2 mL phosphate-buffered saline) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ON crush once by subcutaneous injection. Rats were euthanized at 2 weeks after the crush injury. RGC density was counted by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold (FG) application to the superior colliculus, and visual function was assessed by flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). TUNEL assay, immunoblotting analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the retinas, and immunohistochemistry of ED1 in the ON were evaluated. Two weeks after the insult, the RGC densities in the central and mid-peripheral retinas in ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats were significantly higher than that of the corresponding ON-crushed, PBS-treated rats FVEP measurements showed a significantly better preserved latency of the P1 wave in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats than the ON-crushed, PBS treated rats. TUNEL assays showed fewer TUNEL positive cells in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats. The number of ED1 positive cells was reduced at the lesion site of the optic nerve in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated group. Furthermore, administration of 4-PSB-2 significantly attenuated ON crush insult-stimulated iNOS and COX2 expression in the retinas. These results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 protects RGCs and helps preserve the visual function in the rat model of optic nerve crush. 4-PSB-2 may work by being anti-apoptotic and by attenuation of the inflammatory responses involving less ED1 positive cells infiltration in ON as well as suppression of iNOS/COX-2 signaling pathway in the retinas to rescue RGCs after ON crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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24
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Zhang ZJ, Li YJ, Liu XG, Huang FX, Liu TJ, Jiang DM, Lv XM, Luo M. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for optic nerve injury: a biomechanical evaluation. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1134-8. [PMID: 26330839 PMCID: PMC4541247 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for optic nerve injury by brain-derived neurotrophic factor or the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells has gained progress, but analysis by biomechanical indicators is rare. Rabbit models of optic nerve injury were established by a clamp. At 7 days after injury, the vitreous body received a one-time injection of 50 μg brain-derived neurotrophic factor or 1 × 10(6) human umbilical cord blood stem cells. After 30 days, the maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, elastic limit load, elastic limit stress, and elastic limit strain had clearly improved in rabbit models of optical nerve injury after treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or human umbilical cord blood stem cells. The damage to the ultrastructure of the optic nerve had also been reduced. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor effectively repair the injured optical nerve, improve biomechanical properties, and contribute to the recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Mathematics School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Liu
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiao Huang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tie-Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Jiang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Man Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pain, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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25
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Tan H, Kang X, Lu S, Liu L. The therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after optic nerve damage in the adult rat. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:487-90. [PMID: 25733825 PMCID: PMC4337419 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s75319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve trauma is a common occurrence that results in irreversible blindness. Currently, no effective strategies are known to prevent optic nerve degeneration. We assessed the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after optic nerve crush in the adult rat. Our results showed that BMSCs significantly promoted the regeneration of injured axons compared with phosphate buffered saline alone. Therefore, BMSC transplantation may be effective for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiBo Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, RenJi Hospital, The School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - ShiHeng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, RenJi Hospital, The School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, RenJi Hospital, The School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang G, Han M, Wang X, Xiao A. GRP75 Involves in Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis After Rat Optic Nerve Crush. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:422-30. [PMID: 25600835 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75), a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family, is known to protect cells from stress-induced injury. However, information regarding its distribution and possible function in the retina is limited. In this study, we performed an optic nerve crush (ONC) model in adult rats and found that GRP75 was significantly upregulated in the retina after ONC. Double immunofluorescent staining revealed that GRP75 was localized in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We also examined the expression profile of active caspase3, whose change was correlated with the expression profile of GRP75. In addition, we utilized co-staining of GRP75 and active caspase3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to study their correlation in the retina following ONC. Furthermore, the expressions of Bax, cytochrome c (Cytc), p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and p-AKT were enhanced in the retina after ONC, and they were parallel with the expression profile of GRP75. Based on our data, we speculated that GRP75 might play an important role in RGCs apoptosis following ONC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, No. 130 Renming zhong Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China,
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Protective effects of systemic treatment with methylprednisolone in a rodent model of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Exp Eye Res 2014; 131:69-76. [PMID: 25543054 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of the administration of steroids on optic nerves (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rodent model of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). We induced rAION using rose bengal and argon laser irradiation in a photodynamic procedure on the optic discs of rats. The treated groups received methylprednisolone (MP) via peritoneal injection for 2 weeks. The control group received intraperitoneal injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) post-rAION. At the 4th week post-infarct, MP treatments significantly rescued the RGCs (mm(2)) in the central retinas (1920 ± 210, p < 0.001) and mid-peripheral retinas (950 ± 240, respectively, p = 0.018) compared with those of the PBS-treated rats (central: 900 ± 210 and mid-peripheral: 440 ± 180). Functional assessment with flash visual-evoked potentials demonstrated that P1 latency (ms) was shortened in the MP group compared to the PBS group (108 ± 14 and 147 ± 9, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, the P1 amplitude (uV) was enhanced in the MP group compared to the PBS group (55 ± 12 and 41 ± 13, respectively, p < 0.05). TUNEL assays showed a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells in the RGC layers of MP-treated retinas compared to the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). ED1 positive cells (/HPF) were significantly decreased in the ONs of the MP group compared to the PBS group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, systemic administration of MP had neuroprotective effects on RGC survival and ON function in the rAION animal model.
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28
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Huang SP, Tsai RK. Efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1502-5. [PMID: 25317164 PMCID: PMC4192964 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common cause of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve (ON), and the leading cause of seriously impaired vision in people over 55 years of age. It demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reduces RGC death in an ON crush model in rats, and that the neuroprotective effects may involve both anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. Our recent work shows that the protective actions of G-CSF in rAION models may involve both anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, the exact rescuing mechanisms involved in the administration of G-CSF in rAION models need further investigation. In addition, further studies on the administration of G-CSF at different time intervals after the induction of rAION may be able to illustrate whether treatment given at a later time is still neuroprotective. Further, it is unknown whether treatment using G-CSF combined with other drugs will result in a synergistic effect in a rAION model. Inflammation induced by ischemia plays an essential role on the ON head in NA-AION, which can result in disc edema and compartment changes. Therefore, it is reasonable that adding an anti-inflammatory drug may enhance the therapeutic effects of G-CSF. An ongoing goal is to evaluate the novel sites of action of both G-CSF and other anti-inflammatory drugs, and to identify the functionally protective pathways to enhance RGC survival. These investigations may open up new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of ischemic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, China
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, China ; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, China
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29
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Nicholson JD, Leiba H, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Translational Preclinical Research may Lead to Improved Medical Management of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Front Neurol 2014; 5:122. [PMID: 25071709 PMCID: PMC4092366 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James D Nicholson
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Petach Tikva , Israel ; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Hana Leiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaplan Medical Center , Rehovot , Israel ; Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Petach Tikva , Israel ; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel ; Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petach Tikva , Israel
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30
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Huang TL, Huang SP, Chang CH, Lin KH, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Protective effects of cerebrolysin in a rat model of optic nerve crush. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Huang Y, Xu Y, Cheng Q, Yu S, Gao Y, Shu Q, Yang C, Sun Y, Wang J, Xu F, Liang X. The expression changes of myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) following optic nerve crush in adult rats retinal ganglion cells. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:614-21. [PMID: 24878628 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL), a component of compact myelin, is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. It has been reported that MAL may play a vital role in the process of neuronal apoptosis following acute spinal cord injury. However, acquaintance regarding its distribution and possible function in the retina is limited. Therefore, in a rodent model of optic nerve crush (ONC), the dynamic changes of MAL in retina was detected. The expression of MAL was mainly located in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and was increased strongly after ONC. The peak of MAL expression appeared on the third day. In addition, there was a concomitant upregulation of active-caspase-3, which also co-localized with MAL in RGCs. Moreover, co-localization of MAL with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was detected in RGCs after ONC. Collectively, all these results suggested that the upregulation of MAL might play an important role in the pathophysiology of RGCs after ONC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Huang TL, Huang SP, Chang CH, Lin KH, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Factors influencing the retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells with fluorogold in an animal optic nerve crush model. Ophthalmic Res 2014; 51:173-8. [PMID: 24662310 DOI: 10.1159/000357736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether different crush durations or a different fluorogold (FG) injection timing can affect the efficiency of FG retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the optic nerve (ON) crush model. METHODS We performed the ON crush in rats with a clip at different durations or a jewel forceps to compare the effects of different crush methods with FG staining. RGC density was compared between the FG injection 1 week before the sacrifice of the animals (group A) and the injection before the crush experiment (group B). Double staining with CD11b and FG in the retinal sections was conducted to investigate the relationship between the overcounting of RGCs and microglia. RESULTS The FG-stained particles were significantly decreased at the distal part of the crush site compared to the proximal site of the ON with a crush duration of over 30 s or when crushed with the jewel forceps. Two weeks after ON crush, the RGC count was higher both in the central and mid-peripheral retinas in group B. The percentage of CD11b-stained cells among the FG-stained cells in the RGC layer of retinas in group B was higher than that of group A (34% in group B vs. 4% in group A, p = 0.0001). Overcounting of RGC density in group B was due to additional microglia with FG engulfing. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that each laboratory should test its setting conditions to avoid factors influencing the RGC density measurement before conducting ON crush experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lun Huang
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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The effect of previous surgery and topical eye drops for primary open-angle glaucoma on cytokine expression in aqueous humor. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:791-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Chang CH, Huang TL, Huang SP, Tsai RK. Neuroprotective effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Exp Eye Res 2013; 118:109-16. [PMID: 24316388 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), as administered in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Using laser-induced photoactivation of intravenously administered Rose Bengal in the optic nerve head of 60 adult male Wistar rats, an anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) was inducted. Rats either immediately received G-CSF (subcutaneous injections) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 5 consecutive days. Rats were euthanized at 4 weeks post infarct. Density of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was counted using retrograde labeling of Fluoro-gold. Visual function was assessed by flash visual-evoked potentials (FVEP) at 4 weeks. TUNEL assay in the retinal sections and immunohistochemical staining of ED1 (marker of macrophage/microglia) were investigated in the optic nerve (ON) specimens. The RGC densities in the central and mid-peripheral retinas in the G-CSF treated rats were significantly higher than those of the PBS-treated rats (survival rate was 71.4% vs. 33.2% in the central retina; 61.8% vs. 22.7% in the mid-peripheral retina, respectively; both p < 0.05). FVEP measurements showed a significantly better preserved latency and amplitude of the p1 wave in the G-CSF-treated rats than that of the PBS-treated rats (latency120 ± 11 ms vs. 142 ± 12 ms, p = 0.03; amplitude 50 ± 11 μv vs. 31 ± 13 μv, p = 0.04). TUNEL assays showed fewer apoptotic cells in the retinal ganglion cell layers of G-CSF treated rats [2.1 ± 1.0 cells/high power field (HPF) vs. 8.0 ± 1.5/HPF; p = 0.0001]. In addition, the number of ED1 positive cells was attenuated at the optic nerve sections of G-CSF-treated rats (16 ± 6/HPF vs. 35 ± 10/HPF; p = 0.016). In conclusion, administration of G-CSF is neuroprotective in the rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, as demonstrated both structurally by RGC density and functionally by FVEP. G-CSF may work via the dual actions of anti-apoptosis for RGC surviving as well as anti-inflammation in the optic nerves as evidenced by less infiltration of ED1-povitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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35
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Avraham-Lubin BCR, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Sadikov T, Askenasy N. VEGF induces neuroglial differentiation in bone marrow-derived stem cells and promotes microglia conversion following mobilization with GM-CSF. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 8:1199-210. [PMID: 22810360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of potential tropic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the incorporation and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in a murine model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). METHODS In the first approach, small-sized subset of BMCs were isolated from GFP donors mice by counterflow centrifugal elutriation and depleted of hematopoietic lineages (Fr25lin(-)). These cells were injected into a peripheral vein (1 × 10(6) in 0.2 ml) or inoculated intravitreally (2 × 10(5)) to syngeneic mice, with or without intravitreal injection of 5 μg/2μL VEGF, simultaneously with AION induction. In a second approach, hematopoietic cells were substituted by myelablative transplant of syngeseic GFP + bone marrow cells. After 3 months, progenitors were mobilized with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) followed by VEGF inoculation into the vitreous body and AION induction . Engraftment and phenotype were examined by immunohistochemistry and FISH at 4 and 24 weeks post-transplantation, and VEGF receptors were determined by real time PCR. RESULTS VEGF had no quantitative effect on incorporation of elutriated cells in the injured retina, yet it induced early expression of neuroal markers in cells incorporated in the RGC layer and promoted durable gliosis, most prominent perivascular astrocytes. These effects were mediated by VEGF-R1/Flt-1, which is constitutively expresses in the elutriated fraction of stem cells. Mobilization with GM-CSF limited the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to microglia, which was also fostered by VEGF. CONCLUSIONS VEGF signaling mediated by Flt-1 induces early neural and sustained astrocytic differentiation of stem cells elutriated from adult bone-marrow, with significant contribution to stabilization retinal architecture following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Chen R Avraham-Lubin
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor antibody abrogates radioprotective efficacy of gamma-tocotrienol, a promising radiation countermeasure. Cytokine 2013; 62:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Legacy J, Hanea S, Theoret J, Smith PD. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in vitro through a mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:771-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Legacy
- Department of Neuroscience; Carleton University; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Sonia Hanea
- Department of Neuroscience; Carleton University; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Jennifer Theoret
- Department of Neuroscience; Carleton University; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Patrice D. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience; Carleton University; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
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Fang TC, Pang CY, Chiu SC, Ding DC, Tsai RK. Renoprotective effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in immunodeficient mice suffering from acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46504. [PMID: 23029541 PMCID: PMC3459926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) can improve the renal function of patients suffering from acute kidney injury. Moreover, before beginning clinical trials, it is necessary to investigate this renoprotective effect of hUC-MSCs in a xenogeneic model of acute kidney injury. However, no previous studies have examined the application of hUC-MSCs to immunodeficient mice suffering from acute kidney injury. The objectives of this study were to examine whether hUC-MSCs could improve renal function in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immune deficiency (NOD-SCID) mice suffering from acute kidney injury, and to investigate the mechanism(s) for hUC-MSCs to improve renal function in this xenogeneic model. Early (3 hr) and late (12 hr) administrations of hUC-MSCs (106 cells) were performed via the external jugular vein into NOD-SCID mice suffering from either folic acid (FA) (250 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. The results showed that early administration of hUC-MSCs improved the renal function of NOD-SCID mice suffering from FA-induced acute kidney injury, as evidenced by decreased serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, as well as a reduced tubular injury score. The beneficial effects of hUC-MSCs were through reducing apoptosis and promoting proliferation of renal tubular cells. These benefits were independent of inflammatory cytokine effects and transdifferentiation. Furthermore, this study is the first one to show that the reduced apoptosis of renal tubular cells by hUC-MSCs in this xenogeneic model is mediated through the mitochondrial pathway, and through the increase of Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chao Fang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Li Y, He Y, Liang HS, Liu EZ. A novel animal model of partial optic nerve transection established using an optic nerve quantitative amputator. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44360. [PMID: 22973439 PMCID: PMC3433416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and neuroprotection after optic nerve injury has received considerable attention and the establishment of simple and effective animal models is of critical importance for future progress. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, the optic nerves of Wistar rats were semi-transected selectively with a novel optic nerve quantitative amputator. The variation in RGC density was observed with retro-labeled fluorogold at different time points after nerve injury. The densities of surviving RGCs in the experimental eyes at different time points were 1113.69±188.83 RGC/mm² (the survival rate was 63.81% compared with the contralateral eye of the same animal) 1 week post surgery; 748.22±134.75/mm² (46.16% survival rate) 2 weeks post surgery; 505.03±118.67/mm² (30.52% survival rate) 4 weeks post surgery; 436.86±76.36/mm² (24.01% survival rate) 8 weeks post surgery; and 378.20±66.74/mm² (20.30% survival rate) 12 weeks post surgery. Simultaneously, we also measured the axonal distribution of optic nerve fibers; the latency and amplitude of pattern visual evoke potentials (P-VEP); and the variation in pupil diameter response to pupillary light reflex. All of these observations and profiles were consistent with post injury variation characteristics of the optic nerve. These results indicate that we effectively simulated the pathological process of primary and secondary injury after optic nerve injury. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present quantitative transection optic nerve injury model has increased reproducibility, effectiveness and uniformity. This model is an ideal animal model to provide a foundation for researching new treatments for nerve repair after optic nerve and/or central nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, NO.211 Hospital of PLA, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (EZL)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - En-Zhong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (EZL)
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Tan H, Kang X, Zhong Y, Shen X, Cheng Y, Jiao Q, Deng L. Erythropoietin upregulates growth associated protein-43 expression and promotes retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration in vivo after optic nerve crush. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:295-301. [PMID: 25806072 PMCID: PMC4353103 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established a rat model of optic nerve crush to explore the effects of erythropoietin on retinal ganglion cell axonal regeneration. At 15 days after injury in erythropoietin treated rats, retinal ganglion cell densities in regions corresponding to the 1/6, 3/6 and 5/6 ratios of the retinal radius were significantly increased. In addition, the number of growth associated protein-43 positive axons was significantly increased at different distances (50, 250 and 500 μm) from the crush site after erythropoietin treatment. Erythropoietin significantly increased growth associated protein-43 protein levels in the retina after crush injury, as determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. These results demonstrate that erythropoietin protects injured retinal ganglion cells and promotes axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai 200025, China
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Buddhala C, Prentice H, Wu JY. Modes of Action of Taurine and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor in Neuroprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mohamadpour AH, Moallem SA, Hashemzaei M, Abnous K, Tabatabaee Yazdi SA, Imenshahidi M. Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on electrocardiogram changes after carbon monoxide poisoning in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:353-60. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.627863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Singh PK, Wise SY, Ducey EJ, Brown DS, Singh VK. Radioprotective efficacy of tocopherol succinate is mediated through granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Cytokine 2011; 56:411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang TL, Chang CH, Lin KH, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Lack of protective effect of local administration of triamcinolone or systemic treatment with methylprednisolone against damages caused by optic nerve crush in rats. Exp Eye Res 2010; 92:112-9. [PMID: 21185832 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of administrations of triamcinolone acetonide and systemic methylprednisolone sodium succinate on optic nerves (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in a rat model of optic nerve crush. The treated groups either received triamcinolone immediately in the form of two pieces of soaked-gelform surrounding retrobulbar optic nerves (0.5 mg/per gelform) or methylprednisolone via peritoneal injection, and control group received intra-peritoneal injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after crush experiments. RGC density was counted by retrograde labeling with Fluorogold, and visual function was assessed by flash visual-evoked potentials. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays, Western blot analysis of serine/threonine kinase (p-Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and immunohistochemistry of ED1, marker of macrophage/microglia in the optic nerve were conducted. Two and four weeks after optic nerve crush experiments, neither triamcinolone nor methylprednisolone treatment rescued the RGC from death in the central and mid-peripheral retinas compared with those of the corresponding optic nerve-crushed and PBS-treated rats. Visual-evoked potentials measurements showed a prolonged latency of the P(1) wave in all treated groups (triamcinolone-treated: 123 ± 23 ms, methylprednisolone-treated: 133 ± 25 ms and PBS-treated: 151 ± 55 ms) after two weeks. TUNEL assays showed that there was no decrease in apoptotic cells in the RGC layers of both triamcinolone treated and methylprednisolone-treated retinas. Western blot analysis showed that p-AKT, p-ERK and p-Stat3 were not up-regulated in either retina of the triamcinolone or methylprednisolone treated rats. In addition, the number of ED1-positive cells was not attenuated at the lesion sites of the ON in either treatment group. Based upon these results, we conclude that neither retrobulbar administration of triamcinolone nor systemic administration of methylprednisolone has any neuroprotective effects in a rat model of optic nerve crush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu Lun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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