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Amankwa CE, Young O, DebNath B, Gondi SR, Rangan R, Ellis DZ, Zode G, Stankowska DL, Acharya S. Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy and Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells with Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11557. [PMID: 37511316 PMCID: PMC10380487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS)-induced mitochondrial damage is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mitochondria-targeted novel antioxidant therapies could unearth promising drug candidates for the management of POAG. Previously, our dual-acting hybrid molecule SA-2 with nitric oxide-donating and antioxidant activity reduced intraocular pressure and improved aqueous humor outflow in rodent eyes. Here, we examined the mechanistic role of SA-2 in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in vitro and measured the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes during OS. Primary human TM cells isolated from normal (hNTM) or glaucomatous (hGTM) post-mortem donors and transformed glaucomatous TM cells (GTM-3) were used for in vitro assays. We examined the effect of SA-2 on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in vitro using Seahorse Analyzer with or without the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment. Concentrations of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. We observed significant protection of both hNTM and hGTM cells from TBHP-induced cell death by SA-2. Antioxidant enzymes were elevated in SA-2-treated cells compared to TBHP-treated cells. In addition, SA-2 demonstrated an increase in mitochondrial metabolic parameters. Altogether, SA-2 protected both normal and glaucomatous TM cells from OS via increasing mitochondrial energy parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Olivia Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Biddut DebNath
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rajiv Rangan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorette Z. Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Gulab Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
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Ye Z, Li X, Zheng D, Pei S, Cheng P, Zhang L, Zhu L. Intravitreally Injected Methylene Blue Protects Retina against Acute Ocular Hypertension in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:91-101. [PMID: 34165383 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1948062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the neuroprotective effects of methylene blue (MB) in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH) and explore its possible mechanisms.Methods: Our AOH rat model was obtained with anterior chamber perfusion for 60 min. After that, 100 μM MB was injected into the vitreous cavity immediately after injury. Electroretinogram, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retina morphology examination were utilized to quantify retinal damage before surgery, as well as 7, 14 and 28 days after. The average number of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was counted after fluorescent retrograde labelling with 4% DiI. And TUNEL assay was used to investigate retinal cell apoptosis at 24 hours after AOH. Nrf2 and BACE1 in the retina were determined by RT-qPCR analysis.Results: AOH did produce a severe degeneration effect on the whole retinal layer. Intravitreally injected MB maintained certain retinal thickness after AOH, reduced the destruction of electroretinograms, and enhanced RGCs survival. The average number of TUNEL-labelled cells statistically reduced in the MB-treated retina tissue compared with retina treated with normal saline. The relative mRNA level of Nrf2 was also much higher in the MB-treated retinas after AOH, and the expression of BACE1 had a decline in the AOH + MB group.Conclusions: MB can protect the retina from AOH injury and the possible mechanism might involve the inhibition of BACE1 expression and the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongliang Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaili Pei
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen R, Lee C, Lin X, Zhao C, Li X. Novel function of VEGF-B as an antioxidant and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:33-39. [PMID: 30851357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, due to insufficiency of antioxidants or over-production of oxidants, can lead to severe cell and tissue damage. Oxidative stress occurs constantly and has been shown to be involved in innumerable diseases, such as degenerative, cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic disorders, cancer, and aging, thus highlighting the vital need of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) was discovered a long time ago, and is abundantly expressed in most types of cells and tissues. VEGF-B remained functionally mysterious for many years and later on has been shown to be minimally angiogenic. Recently, VEGF-B is reported to be a potent antioxidant by boosting the expression of key antioxidant enzymes. Thus, one major role of VEGF-B lies in safeguarding tissues and cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. VEGF-B may therefore have promising therapeutic utilities in treating oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the newly discovered antioxidant function of VEGF-B and the related molecular mechanisms, particularly, in relationship to some oxidative stress-related diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 200023, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Spasojevic I. Mn Porphyrin-Based Redox-Active Drugs: Differential Effects as Cancer Therapeutics and Protectors of Normal Tissue Against Oxidative Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1691-1724. [PMID: 29926755 PMCID: PMC6207162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE After approximatelty three decades of research, two Mn(III) porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113) and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), have progressed to five clinical trials. In parallel, another similarly potent metal-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic-Mn(II)pentaaza macrocycle, GC4419-has been tested in clinical trial on application, identical to that of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+-radioprotection of normal tissue in head and neck cancer patients. This clearly indicates that Mn complexes that target cellular redox environment have reached sufficient maturity for clinical applications. Recent Advances: While originally developed as SOD mimics, MnPs undergo intricate interactions with numerous redox-sensitive pathways, such as those involving nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby impacting cellular transcriptional activity. An increasing amount of data support the notion that MnP/H2O2/glutathione (GSH)-driven catalysis of S-glutathionylation of protein cysteine, associated with modification of protein function, is a major action of MnPs on molecular level. CRITICAL ISSUES Differential effects of MnPs on normal versus tumor cells/tissues, which support their translation into clinic, arise from differences in their accumulation and redox environment of such tissues. This in turn results in different yields of MnP-driven modifications of proteins. Thus far, direct evidence for such modification of NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatases, Nrf2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses was provided in tumor, while indirect evidence shows the modification of NF-κB and Nrf2 translational activities by MnPs in normal tissue. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies that simultaneously explore differential effects in same animal are lacking, while they are essential for understanding of extremely intricate interactions of metal-based drugs with complex cellular networks of normal and cancer cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- 2 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina.,3 PK/PD Core Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, Duke Cancer Institute , Durham, North Carolina
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Cline JM, Dugan G, Bourland JD, Perry DL, Stitzel JD, Weaver AA, Jiang C, Tovmasyan A, Owzar K, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Vujaskovic Z. Post-Irradiation Treatment with a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+, Mitigates Radiation Injury in the Lungs of Non-Human Primates after Whole-Thorax Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518913 PMCID: PMC5874526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury to the lung is the result of acute and chronic free radical formation, and there are currently few effective means of mitigating such injury. Studies in rodents indicate that superoxide dismutase mimetics may be effective in this regard; however, studies in humans or large animals are lacking. We hypothesized that post-exposure treatment with the lipophilic mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (hexyl), would reduce radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis in the lungs of nonhuman primates. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received 10 Gy whole thorax irradiation, 10 Gy + hexyl treatment, sham irradiation, or sham irradiation + hexyl. Hexyl was given twice daily, subcutaneously, at 0.05 mg/kg, for 2 months. Animals were monitored daily, and respiratory rates, pulse oximetry, hematology and serum chemistry panels were performed weekly. Computed tomography scans were performed at 0, 2, and 4 months after irradiation. Supportive fluid therapy, corticosteroids, analgesics, and antibiotics were given as needed. All animals were humanely euthanized 4.5 months after irradiation, and pathologic assessments were made. Multifocal, progressive lung lesions were seen at 2 and 4 months in both irradiated groups. Hexyl treatment delayed the onset of radiation-induced lung lesions, reduced elevations of respiratory rate, and reduced pathologic increases in lung weight. No adverse effects of hexyl treatment were found. These results demonstrate (1) development of a nonhuman primate model of radiation-induced lung injury, (2) a significant mitigating effect of hexyl treatment on lung pathology in this model, and (3) no evidence for toxicity of hexyl at the dose studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - John Daniel Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
| | - Donna L Perry
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joel D Stitzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Biotech Place, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 21701, USA.
| | - Ashley A Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Biotech Place, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 21701, USA.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Early energy metabolism-related molecular events in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats: The effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:188-196. [PMID: 28483572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital role of skeletal muscle in control of whole-body metabolism and the severity of long-term diabetic complications, we aimed to reveal the molecular pattern of early diabetes-related skeletal muscle phenotype in terms of energy metabolism, focusing on regulatory mechanisms, and the possibility to improve it using two redox modulators, l-arginine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats (120 mg/kg) were treated with l-arginine or the highly specific SOD mimic, M40403, for 7 days. As appropriate controls, non-diabetic rats received the same treatments. We found that l-arginine and M40403 restored diabetes-induced impairment of phospho-5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling by upregulating AMPKα protein itself and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1. Also, there was a restitution of the protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation components (complex I, complex II and complex IV) and mitofusin 2. Furthermore, l-arginine and M40403 induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the membrane and upregulation of protein of phosphofructokinase and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, diminishing negative diabetic effects on limiting factors of glucose and lipid metabolism. Both treatments abolished diabetes-induced downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase proteins (SERCA 1 and 2). Similar effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic treatments suggest that disturbances in the superoxide/nitric oxide ratio may be responsible for skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic impairment in early diabetes. Our results provide evidence that l-arginine and SOD mimics have potential in preventing and treating metabolic disturbances accompanying this widespread metabolic disease.
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Kain V, Sawant MA, Dasgupta A, Jaiswal G, Vyas A, Padhye S, Sitasawad SL. A novel SOD mimic with a redox-modulating mn (II) complex, ML1 attenuates high glucose-induced abnormalities in intracellular Ca 2+ transients and prevents cardiac cell death through restoration of mitochondrial function. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:296-304. [PMID: 28955837 PMCID: PMC5600348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key contributor to the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial superoxide can be adequately countered by Mn-superoxide dismutase, which constitutes the first line of defense against mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our group has recently synthesized low molecular weight SOD mimics, demonstrating superior protection against oxidative damages to kidney cells. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the protective effect of the SOD mimic ML1 against high glucose induced cardiomyopathy in diabetes. Mechanistic studies using rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 showed that ML1 markedly inhibited High Glucose (HG) induced cytotoxicity. This was associated with increased Mn-SOD expression along with decreased mitochondrial [Formula: see text], ONOO- and Ca2+ accumulation, unveiling its anti-oxidant potentials. ML1 also attenuated HG-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and release of cytochrome c, suggesting that ML1 effectuates its cytoprotective action via the preservation of mitochondrial function. In an ex-vivo model normal adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were isolated and cultured in either normal glucose (5.5 mmol/l glucose) or HG (25.5 mmol/l glucose) conditions and the efficiency of ML-1 was analyzed by studying contractile function and calcium indices. Mechanical properties were assessed using a high-speed video-edge detection system, and intracellular Ca2+ transients were recorded in fura-2-loaded myocytes. Pretreatment of myocytes with ML1 (10 nM) ameliorated HG induced abnormalities in relaxation including depressed peak shortening, prolonged time to 90% relenghthening, and slower Ca2+ transient decay. Thus, ML1 exhibits significant cardio protection against oxidative damage, perhaps through its potent antioxidant action via activation of Mn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mithila A Sawant
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aparajita Dasgupta
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Jaiswal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alok Vyas
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
| | - Subhash Padhye
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
| | - Sandhya L Sitasawad
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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Ashcraft KA, Boss MK, Tovmasyan A, Roy Choudhury K, Fontanella AN, Young KH, Palmer GM, Birer SR, Landon CD, Park W, Das SK, Weitner T, Sheng H, Warner DS, Brizel DM, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Dewhirst MW. Novel Manganese-Porphyrin Superoxide Dismutase-Mimetic Widens the Therapeutic Margin in a Preclinical Head and Neck Cancer Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:892-900. [PMID: 26530759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the effects of a novel Mn porphyrin oxidative stress modifier, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnBuOE), for its radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties in normal tissue versus tumor, respectively. METHODS AND MATERIALS Murine oral mucosa and salivary glands were treated with a range of radiation doses with or without MnBuOE to establish the dose-effect curves for mucositis and xerostomia. Radiation injury was quantified by intravital near-infrared imaging of cathepsin activity, assessment of salivation, and histologic analysis. To evaluate effects of MnBuOE on the tumor radiation response, we administered the drug as an adjuvant to fractionated radiation of FaDu xenografts. Again, a range of radiation therapy (RT) doses was administered to establish the radiation dose-effect curve. The 50% tumor control dose values with or without MnBuOE and dose-modifying factor were determined. RESULTS MnBuOE protected normal tissue by reducing RT-mediated mucositis, xerostomia, and fibrosis. The dose-modifying factor for protection against xerostomia was 0.77. In contrast, MnBuOE increased tumor local control rates compared with controls. The dose-modifying factor, based on the ratio of 50% tumor control dose values, was 1.3. Immunohistochemistry showed that MnBuOE-treated tumors exhibited a significant influx of M1 tumor-associated macrophages, which provides mechanistic insight into its radiosensitizing effects in tumors. CONCLUSIONS MnBuOE widens the therapeutic margin by decreasing the dose of radiation required to control tumor, while increasing normal tissue resistance to RT-mediated injury. This is the first study to quantitatively demonstrate the magnitude of a single drug's ability to radioprotect normal tissue while radiosensitizing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Ashcraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Andrew N Fontanella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth H Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory M Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel R Birer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chelsea D Landon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shiva K Das
- Physics and Computing Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tin Weitner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David S Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Brizel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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Aslan M, Basaranlar G, Unal M, Ciftcioglu A, Derin N, Mutus B. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase decreases elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptotic cell death in ocular hypertensive rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:389-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Celic T, Španjol J, Bobinac M, Tovmasyan A, Vukelic I, Reboucas JS, Batinic-Haberle I, Bobinac D. Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+), and non-SOD mimic, MnTBAP(3-), suppressed rat spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury via NF-κB pathways. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1426-42. [PMID: 25185063 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.960865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein we have demonstrated that both superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic, cationic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+)), and non-SOD mimic, anionic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin (MnTBAP(3-)), protect against oxidative stress caused by spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion via suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pro-inflammatory pathways. Earlier reports showed that Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins were able to prevent the DNA binding of NF-κB in an aqueous system, whereas MnTBAP(3-) was not. Here, for the first time, in a complex in vivo system-animal model of spinal cord injury-a similar impact of MnTBAP(3-), at a dose identical to that of MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+), was demonstrated in NF-κB downregulation. Rats were treated subcutaneously at 1.5 mg/kg starting at 30 min before ischemia/reperfusion, and then every 12 h afterward for either 48 h or 7 days. The anti-inflammatory effects of both Mn porphyrins (MnPs) were demonstrated in the spinal cord tissue at both 48 h and 7 days. The downregulation of NF-κB, a major pro-inflammatory signaling protein regulating astrocyte activation, was detected and found to correlate well with the suppression of astrogliosis (as glial fibrillary acidic protein) by both MnPs. The markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation, were significantly reduced by MnPs. The favorable impact of both MnPs on motor neurons (Tarlov score and inclined plane test) was assessed. No major changes in glutathione peroxidase- and SOD-like activities were demonstrated, which implies that none of the MnPs acted as SOD mimic. Increasing amount of data on the reactivity of MnTBAP(3-) with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (.NO/HNO/ONOO(-)) suggests that RNS/MnTBAP(3-)-driven modification of NF-κB protein cysteines may be involved in its therapeutic effects. This differs from the therapeutic efficacy of MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) which presumably occurs via reactive oxygen species and relates to NF-κB thiol oxidation; the role of RNS cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Celic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
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Osborne NN, Álvarez CN, del Olmo Aguado S. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as in aging and glaucoma. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Aslan M, Dogan S, Kucuksayan E. Oxidative stress and potential applications of free radical scavengers in glaucoma. Redox Rep 2013; 18:76-87. [PMID: 23485101 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries and comprises a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration. Glaucoma is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure due to impaired outflow of aqueous humor resulting from abnormalities within the drainage system of the anterior chamber angle (open-angle glaucoma) or impaired access of aqueous humor to the drainage system (angle-closure glaucoma). Oxidative injury and altered antioxidant defense mechanisms in glaucoma appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous neurodegeneration that is characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells. Oxidative protein modifications occurring in glaucoma serve as immunostimulatory signals and alter neurosupportive and immunoregulatory functions of glial cells. Initiation of the apoptotic cascade observed in glaucomatous retinopathy can involve oxidant mechanisms and different agents have been shown to be neuroprotective. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of oxidant injury and summarizes studies that have investigated novel free radical scavengers in the treatment of glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutay Aslan
- Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
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Chrysostomou V, Rezania F, Trounce IA, Crowston JG. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 13:12-5. [PMID: 23069478 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and when this overwhelms the cellular antioxidant defences, oxidative stress ensues. Oxidative stress is recognized as a common pathologic pathway in many neurodegenerative diseases. Recent reports have also demonstrated oxidative stress in ocular tissues derived from experimental glaucoma models and clinical samples. There is also accumulating evidence pointing to mitochondrial dysfunction being present in some glaucoma patients. Thus oxidative stress from mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a causal role in glaucoma. The mechanisms by which oxidative stress may induce retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma are not fully understood but could include direct neurotoxic effects from ROS or indirect damage from oxidative stress-induced dysfunction of glial cells. This review will consider the evidence for the presence of oxidative stress in glaucoma; the mechanisms by which oxidative stress may contribute to disease pathogenesis; and also consider therapeutic approaches that target oxidative stress as a means of protecting against optic nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Chrysostomou
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Miriyala S, Spasojevic I, Tovmasyan A, Salvemini D, Vujaskovic Z, St. Clair D, Batinic-Haberle I. Manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD and its mimics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1822:794-814. [PMID: 22198225 PMCID: PMC3304004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased understanding of the role of mitochondria under physiological and pathological conditions parallels increased exploration of synthetic and natural compounds able to mimic MnSOD - endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant defense essential for the existence of virtually all aerobic organisms from bacteria to humans. This review describes most successful mitochondrially-targeted redox-active compounds, Mn porphyrins and MitoQ(10) in detail, and briefly addresses several other compounds that are either catalysts of O(2)(-) dismutation, or its non-catalytic scavengers, and that reportedly attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction. While not a true catalyst (SOD mimic) of O(2)(-) dismutation, MitoQ(10) oxidizes O(2)(-) to O(2) with a high rate constant. In vivo it is readily reduced to quinol, MitoQH(2), which in turn reduces ONOO(-) to NO(2), producing semiquinone radical that subsequently dismutes to MitoQ(10) and MitoQH(2), completing the "catalytic" cycle. In MitoQ(10), the redox-active unit was coupled via 10-carbon atom alkyl chain to monocationic triphenylphosphonium ion in order to reach the mitochondria. Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics, however, were designed so that their multiple cationic charge and alkyl chains determine both their remarkable SOD potency and carry them into the mitochondria. Several animal efficacy studies such as skin carcinogenesis and UVB-mediated mtDNA damage, and subcellular distribution studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mouse heart provided unambiguous evidence that Mn porphyrins mimic the site and action of MnSOD, which in turn contributes to their efficacy in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of oxidative stress. Within a class of Mn porphyrins, lipophilic analogs are particularly effective for treating central nervous system injuries where mitochondria play key role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Miriyala
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daret St. Clair
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Sheng H, Spasojevic I, Tse HM, Jung JY, Hong J, Zhang Z, Piganelli JD, Batinic-Haberle I, Warner DS. Neuroprotective efficacy from a lipophilic redox-modulating Mn(III) N-Hexylpyridylporphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP: rodent models of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:906-16. [PMID: 21652782 PMCID: PMC3164343 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.176701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular treatment with redox-regulating Mn(III) N-hexylpyridylporphyrin (MnPorphyrin) is remarkably efficacious in experimental central nervous system (CNS) injury. Clinical development has been arrested because of poor blood-brain barrier penetration. Mn(III) meso-tetrakis (N-hexylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP) was synthesized to include four six-carbon (hexyl) side chains on the core MnPorphyrin structure. This has been shown to increase in vitro lipophilicity 13,500-fold relative to the hydrophilic ethyl analog Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP). In normal mice, we found brain MnTnHex-2-PyP accumulation to be ∼9-fold greater than MnTE-2-PyP 24 h after a single intraperitoneal dose. We then evaluated MnTnHex-2-PyP efficacy in outcome-oriented models of focal cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. For focal ischemia, rats underwent 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Parenteral MnTnHex-2-PyP treatment began 5 min or 6 h after reperfusion onset and continued for 7 days. Neurologic function was improved with both early (P = 0.002) and delayed (P = 0.002) treatment onset. Total infarct size was decreased with both early (P = 0.03) and delayed (P = 0.01) treatment. MnTnHex-2-PyP attenuated nuclear factor κB nuclear DNA binding activity and suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression. For subarachnoid hemorrhage, mice underwent perforation of the anterior cerebral artery and were treated with intraperitoneal MnTnHex-2-PyP or vehicle for 3 days. Neurologic function was improved (P = 0.02), and vasoconstriction of the anterior cerebral (P = 0.0005), middle cerebral (P = 0.003), and internal carotid (P = 0.015) arteries was decreased by MnTnHex-2-PyP. Side-chain elongation preserved MnPorphyrin redox activity, but improved CNS bioavailability sufficient to cause improved outcome from acute CNS injury, despite delay in parenteral treatment onset of up to 6 h. This advance now allows consideration of MnPorphyrins for treatment of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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