1
|
Tempone MH, Borges-Martins VP, César F, Alexandrino-Mattos DP, de Figueiredo CS, Raony Í, dos Santos AA, Duarte-Silva AT, Dias MS, Freitas HR, de Araújo EG, Ribeiro-Resende VT, Cossenza M, P. Silva H, P. de Carvalho R, Ventura ALM, Calaza KC, Silveira MS, Kubrusly RCC, de Melo Reis RA. The Healthy and Diseased Retina Seen through Neuron-Glia Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1120. [PMID: 38256192 PMCID: PMC10817105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina is the sensory tissue responsible for the first stages of visual processing, with a conserved anatomy and functional architecture among vertebrates. To date, retinal eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and others, affect nearly 170 million people worldwide, resulting in vision loss and blindness. To tackle retinal disorders, the developing retina has been explored as a versatile model to study intercellular signaling, as it presents a broad neurochemical repertoire that has been approached in the last decades in terms of signaling and diseases. Retina, dissociated and arranged as typical cultures, as mixed or neuron- and glia-enriched, and/or organized as neurospheres and/or as organoids, are valuable to understand both neuronal and glial compartments, which have contributed to revealing roles and mechanisms between transmitter systems as well as antioxidants, trophic factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Overall, contributions in understanding neurogenesis, tissue development, differentiation, connectivity, plasticity, and cell death are widely described. A complete access to the genome of several vertebrates, as well as the recent transcriptome at the single cell level at different stages of development, also anticipates future advances in providing cues to target blinding diseases or retinal dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus H. Tempone
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.H.T.); (F.C.); (D.P.A.-M.); (V.T.R.-R.)
| | - Vladimir P. Borges-Martins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute and Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-150, Brazil; (V.P.B.-M.); (A.A.d.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.K.)
| | - Felipe César
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.H.T.); (F.C.); (D.P.A.-M.); (V.T.R.-R.)
| | - Dio Pablo Alexandrino-Mattos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.H.T.); (F.C.); (D.P.A.-M.); (V.T.R.-R.)
| | - Camila S. de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Í.R.); (H.R.F.)
| | - Aline Araujo dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute and Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-150, Brazil; (V.P.B.-M.); (A.A.d.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.K.)
| | - Aline Teixeira Duarte-Silva
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Mariana Santana Dias
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.S.)
| | - Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Í.R.); (H.R.F.)
| | - Elisabeth G. de Araújo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation—INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Victor Tulio Ribeiro-Resende
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.H.T.); (F.C.); (D.P.A.-M.); (V.T.R.-R.)
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute and Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-150, Brazil; (V.P.B.-M.); (A.A.d.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.K.)
| | - Hilda P. Silva
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.S.)
| | - Roberto P. de Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ana L. M. Ventura
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; (C.S.d.F.); (A.T.D.-S.); (E.G.d.A.); (R.P.d.C.); (A.L.M.V.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Mariana S. Silveira
- Laboratory for Investigation in Neuroregeneration and Development, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil;
| | - Regina C. C. Kubrusly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute and Program of Neurosciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-150, Brazil; (V.P.B.-M.); (A.A.d.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.K.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-000, Brazil; (M.H.T.); (F.C.); (D.P.A.-M.); (V.T.R.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao S, Gao S, Wang Y, Li N, Yang Z, Yao H, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhong Y, Shen X. Inhibition of Ferroptosis Ameliorates Photoreceptor Degeneration in Experimental Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16946. [PMID: 38069270 PMCID: PMC10707664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment in the working-age population worldwide. Various modes of photoreceptor cell death contribute to the development of DR, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of photoreceptor degeneration in DR is still unclear. High-glucose (HG)-stimulated 661W cells and diabetic mice models were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. The levels of intracellular iron, glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4, SLC7A11, ACSL4, FTH1, and NCOA4) were quantified to indicate ferroptosis. The effect of ferroptosis inhibition was also assessed. Our data showed the levels of iron, ROS, and MDA were enhanced and GSH concentration was reduced in HG-induced 661W cells and diabetic retinas. The expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was downregulated, while the expression of ACSL4, FTH1, and NCOA4 was upregulated in the 661W cells cultured under HG conditions and in the photoreceptor cells in diabetic mice. Furthermore, the administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) obviously alleviated ferroptosis-related changes in HG-cultured 661W cells and in retinal photoreceptor cells in diabetic mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that ferroptosis is involved in photoreceptor degeneration in the development of the early stages of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fanaro GB, Marques MR, Calaza KDC, Brito R, Pessoni AM, Mendonça HR, Lemos DEDA, de Brito Alves JL, de Souza EL, Cavalcanti Neto MP. New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1237. [PMID: 37371967 PMCID: PMC10295526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, resulting from complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist of protocols aiming to alleviate the existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited to the advanced disease stages. In response to the low resolution and limitations of the DR treatment, there is an urgent need to develop more effective alternative therapies to optimize glycemic, vascular, and neuronal parameters, including the reduction in the cellular damage promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown that dietary polyphenols reduce oxidative and inflammatory parameters of various diseases by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways and gene expression, contributing to the improvement of several chronic diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the growing evidence for the bioactivities of phenolic compounds, there is still a lack of data, especially from human studies, on the therapeutic potential of these substances. This review aims to comprehensively describe and clarify the effects of dietary phenolic compounds on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DR, especially those of oxidative and inflammatory nature, through evidence from experimental studies. Finally, the review highlights the potential of dietary phenolic compounds as a prophylactic and therapeutic strategy and the need for further clinical studies approaching the efficacy of these substances in DR management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bernardes Fanaro
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69460000, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | | | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Brito
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Henrique Rocha Mendonça
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
| | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.E.d.A.L.); (J.L.d.B.A.)
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27965045, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (H.R.M.); (M.P.C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang F, Lin B, Huang S, Wu P, Zhou M, Zhao J, Hei X, Ke Y, Zhang Y, Huang D. Melatonin Alleviates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting p53-Mediated Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37371903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor contributing to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, eventually causing blindness. A key progressive pathological process in the development of RIR is the death of RGCs. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying RGC death caused by RIR have not yet been clearly elucidated, and effective treatments are lacking. Ferroptosis is a recently defined form of programmed cell death that is closely related to organ injury. Melatonin (MT) is a promising neuroprotective agent, but its effects on RIR injury remain unclear. In this study, murine models of acute ocular hypertension and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were adopted to simulate retinal ischemia. MT alleviated retinal damage and RGC death in RIR mice, significantly attenuating RIR-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, MT reduced the expression of p53, a master regulator of ferroptosis pathways, and the upregulation of p53 promoted ferroptosis and largely abolished the neuroprotective effects of MT. Mechanistically, the overexpression (OE) of p53 suppressed the expression of the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), which was accompanied by increased 12-lipoxygenase (Alox12) expression, triggering retinal ferroptosis. Moreover, MT-ameliorated apoptosis, neuroinflammation and microglial activation were observed. In summary, MT conferred neuroprotection against RIR injury by inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis. These findings indicate that MT is a retina-specific ferroptosis inhibitor and a promising therapeutic agent for retinal neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pengsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiangqing Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prasad M K, Mohandas S, Kunka Mohanram R. Role of ferroptosis inhibitors in the management of diabetes. Biofactors 2022; 49:270-296. [PMID: 36468443 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, the iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-mediated cell death, has garnered attention due to its critical involvement in crucial physiological and pathological cellular processes. Indeed, several studies have attributed its role in developing a range of disorders, including diabetes. As accumulating evidence further the understanding of ferroptotic mechanisms, the impact this specialized mode of cell death has on diabetic pathogenesis is still unclear. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted the association of ferroptosis with beta-cell death and insulin resistance, supported by observations of marked alterations in ferroptotic markers in experimental diabetes models. The constant improvement in understanding ferroptosis in diabetes has demonstrated it as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic management. In this regard, ferroptosis inhibitors promise to rescue pancreatic beta-cell function and alleviate diabetes and its complications. This review article elucidates the key ferroptotic pathways that mediate beta-cell death in diabetes, and its complications. In particular, we share our insight into the cross talk between ferroptosis and other hallmark pathogenic mediators such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulators relevant to diabetes progression. Further, we extensively summarize the recent developments on the role of ferroptosis inhibitors and their therapeutic action in alleviating diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad M
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundhar Mohandas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ebrahimi M, Sivaprasad S, Thompson P, Perry G. Retinal Neurodegeneration in Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia, Prediabetes, and Diabetes. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:385-397. [PMID: 36463857 DOI: 10.1159/000528503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a challenging public health problem mainly because of its growing prevalence and risk of blindness. In general, our current knowledge and practice have failed to prevent the onset or progression of DR to sight-threatening complications. While there are treatment options for sight-threatening complications of DR, it is crucial to pay more attention to the early stages of DR to decrease its prevalence. Growing evidence suggests many pathologic changes occur before clinical presentations of DR in euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, prediabetes, and diabetes. These pathological changes occur in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature. A new focus on these preclinical pathologies - especially on hyperinsulinemia - may provide further insight into disease mechanisms, endpoints for clinical trials, and druggable targets in early disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the pathophysiological changes reported in preclinical DR and appraise preventive and treatment options for DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nebbioso M, Franzone F, Lambiase A, Bonfiglio V, Limoli PG, Artico M, Taurone S, Vingolo EM, Greco A, Polimeni A. Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091790. [PMID: 36139862 PMCID: PMC9495599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to an imbalance between free radicals (FRs), namely highly reactive molecules normally generated in our body by several pathways, and intrinsic antioxidant capacity. When FR levels overwhelm intrinsic antioxidant defenses, OS occurs, inducing a series of downstream chemical reactions. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced by numerous chemical reactions that take place in tissues and organs and are then eliminated by antioxidant molecules. In particular, the scientific literature focuses more on ROS participation in the pathogenesis of diseases than on the role played by RNS. By its very nature, the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is directly responsible for increased OS. In this review, we aimed to focus on the retinal damage caused by ROS/RNS and the related retinal pathologies. A deeper understanding of the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in retinal damage is needed in order to develop targeted therapeutic interventions to slow these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Section, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Maria Vingolo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome 5, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carpi-Santos R, de Melo Reis RA, Gomes FCA, Calaza KC. Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:617. [PMID: 35453302 PMCID: PMC9027671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In the retina, the predominant element is the Müller cell, a specialized cell with radial morphology that spans all retinal layers and influences the function of the entire retinal circuitry. Müller cells provide metabolic support, regulation of extracellular composition, synaptic activity control, structural organization of the blood-retina barrier, antioxidant activity, and trophic support, among other roles. Therefore, impairments of Müller actions lead to retinal malfunctions. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that Müller cells are affected in diabetic retinopathy and may contribute to the severity of the disease. Here, we will survey recently described alterations in Müller cell functions and cellular events that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, especially related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review sheds light on Müller cells as potential therapeutic targets of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo EF, Li HX, Qin YH, Qiao Y, Yan GL, Yao YY, Li LQ, Hou JT, Tang CC, Wang D. Role of ferroptosis in the process of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:124-137. [PMID: 33594332 PMCID: PMC7839168 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of diabetes, is a critical and initiating contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Ferroptosis is a newly defined regulated cell death driven by cellular metabolism and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Although the involvement of ferroptosis in disease pathogenesis has been shown in cancers and degenerative diseases, the participation of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic endothelial dysfunction remains unclear.
AIM To examine the role of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose (HG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and ferroptosis inhibitor, and then the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ferroptosis-related marker protein were tested. To further determine whether the p53-xCT (the substrate-specific subunit of system Xc-)-glutathione (GSH) axis is involved in HG and IL-1β induced ferroptosis, HUVECs were transiently transfected with p53 small interfering ribonucleic acid or NC small interfering ribonucleic acid and then treated with HG and IL-1β. Cell viability, ROS, and ferroptosis-related marker protein were then assessed. In addition, we detected the xCT and p53 expression in the aorta of db/db mice.
RESULTS It was found that HG and IL-1β induced ferroptosis in HUVECs, as evidenced by the protective effect of the ferroptosis inhibitors, Deferoxamine and ferrostatin-1, resulting in increased lipid ROS and decreased cell viability. Mechanistically, activation of the p53-xCT-GSH axis induced by HG and IL-1β enhanced ferroptosis in HUVECs. In addition, a decrease in xCT and the presence of de-endothelialized areas were observed in the aortic endothelium of db/db mice.
CONCLUSION Ferroptosis is involved in endothelial dysfunction and p53-xCT-GSH axis activation plays a crucial role in endothelial cell ferroptosis and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Fei Luo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Liang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Qing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Tong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Chun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Kang SW, Joo J, Han SH, Shin H, Nam BY, Park J, Yoo TH, Kim G, Lee P, Park JT. Characterization of ferroptosis in kidney tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:160. [PMID: 33558472 PMCID: PMC7870666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kidney tubular cell death induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is known to contribute to diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis are also involved in tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Recently, ferroptosis, an atypical form of iron-dependent cell death, was reported to cause kidney disease, including acute kidney injury. Ferroptosis is primed by lipid peroxide accumulation through the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- (xCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-dependent mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced tubular injury. TGF-β1-stimulated proximal tubular epithelial cells and diabetic mice models were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. xCT and GPX4 expression, cell viability, glutathione concentration, and lipid peroxidation were quantified to indicate ferroptosis. The effect of ferroptosis inhibition was also assessed. In kidney biopsy samples from diabetic patients, xCT and GPX4 mRNA expression was decreased compared to nondiabetic samples. In TGF-β1-stimulated tubular cells, intracellular glutathione concentration was reduced and lipid peroxidation was enhanced, both of which are related to ferroptosis-related cell death. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, alleviated TGF-β1-induced ferroptosis. In diabetic mice, kidney mRNA and protein expressions of xCT and GPX4 were reduced compared to control. Kidney glutathione concentration was decreased, while lipid peroxidation was increased in these mice, and these changes were alleviated by Fer-1 treatment. Ferroptosis is involved in kidney tubular cell death under diabetic conditions. Ferroptosis inhibition could be a therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huiyoon Shin
- Genome & Health Big Data Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pureunchowon Lee
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification, Expression, and Roles of the Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter in Ocular Tissues. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4594606. [PMID: 32655769 PMCID: PMC7320271 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4594606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x c -) is composed of a heavy chain subunit 4F2hc linked by a disulphide bond to a light chain xCT, which exchanges extracellular cystine, the disulphide form of the amino acid cysteine, for intracellular glutamate. In vitro research in the brain, kidney, and liver have shown this antiporter to play a role in minimising oxidative stress by providing a source of intracellular cysteine for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. In vivo studies using the xCT knockout mouse revealed that the plasma cystine/cysteine redox couple was tilted to a more oxidative state demonstrating system xc - to also play a role in maintaining extracellular redox balance by driving a cystine/cysteine redox cycle. In addition, through import of cystine, system xc - also serves to export glutamate into the extracellular space which may influence neurotransmission and glutamate signalling in neural tissues. While changes to system xc - function has been linked to cancer and neurodegenerative disease, there is limited research on the roles of system xc - in the different tissues of the eye, and links between the antiporter, aging, and ocular disease. Hence, this review seeks to consolidate research on system xc - in the cornea, lens, retina, and ocular humours conducted across several species to shed light on the in vitro and in vivo roles of xCT in the eye and highlight the utility of the xCT knockout mouse as a tool to investigate the contribution of xCT to age-related ocular diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mendonça HR, Carpi-Santos R, da Costa Calaza K, Blanco Martinez AM. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress act in concert to promote neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina and optic nerve: galectin-3 participation. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:625-635. [PMID: 31638084 PMCID: PMC6975153 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a lifelong disease characterized by glucose metabolic imbalance, in which low insulin levels or impaired insulin signaling lead to hyperglycemic state. Within 20 years of diabetes progression, 95% of patients will have diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of visual defects in working-age people worldwide. Although diabetes is considered a microvascular disease, recent studies have shown that neurodegeneration precedes vascular changes within the diabetic visual system, albeit its mechanisms are still under investigation. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are intrinsically related phenomena, since macrophage/microglia and astrocytes are the main sources of reactive oxygen species during central nervous system chronic degenerative diseases, and both pathological processes are increased in the visual system during diabetes. The present review will focus on recent findings of the contribution of oxidative stress derived from neuroinflammation in the early neurodegenerative aspects of the diabetic visual system and their relationship with galectin-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Rocha Mendonça
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitrio Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Pólo Universitário Macaé, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
- Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Núcleo de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Raul Carpi-Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Retina, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitrio Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deliyanti D, Alrashdi SF, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jha JC, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Nox (NADPH Oxidase) 1, Nox4, and Nox5 Promote Vascular Permeability and Neovascularization in Retinopathy. Hypertension 2020; 75:1091-1101. [PMID: 32114846 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for the vascular permeability and neovascularization that threatens vision in diabetic retinopathy. Excess reactive oxygen species derived from the Nox (NADPH oxidase) isoforms, Nox1 and Nox4, contributes to vasculopathy in diabetic retinopathy; however, if Nox1/4 inhibition is beneficial in hypertensive diabetic retinopathy is unknown. Here, we determined that diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats had exacerbated retinal vascular permeability and expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors, compared with normotensive diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats. GKT136901, a specific dual inhibitor of Nox1 and Nox4, prevented these events in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Retinal neovascularization does not develop in diabetic rodents, and therefore, the oxygen-induced retinopathy model is used to evaluate this pathology. We previously demonstrated that Nox1/4 inhibition reduced retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. However, although Nox5 is expressed in human retina, its contribution to retinopathy has not been studied in vivo, largely due to its absence from the rodent genome. We generated transgenic mice with inducible human Nox5 expressed in endothelial cells (vascular endothelial-cadherin+Nox5+ mice). In vascular endothelial-cadherin+Nox5+ mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy, retinal vascular permeability and neovascularization, as well as the expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors, were increased compared with wild-type littermates. In bovine retinal endothelial cells, which express Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5, Nox1/4 inhibition, as well as Nox5 silencing RNA, reduced the high glucose-induced upregulation of oxidative stress, angiogenic, and inflammatory factors. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5 inhibition to reduce vision-threatening damage to the retinal vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devy Deliyanti
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.L.W.-B.).,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Christopher R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada (C.R.K.)
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.).,German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (K.A.J-D.)
| | - Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.L.W.-B.).,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (D.D., J.C.J., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., J.L.W.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chase LA, VerHeulen Kleyn M, Schiller N, King AG, Flores G, Engelsman SB, Bowles C, Smith SL, Robinson AE, Rothstein J. Hydrogen peroxide triggers an increase in cell surface expression of system x c- in cultured human glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2019; 134:104648. [PMID: 31874187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
System xc- exchanges extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate across the plasma membrane of many cell types. One of the physiological roles of System xc- is to provide cystine for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Here we report that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers the translocation of System xc- to the plasma membrane within 10 min of the initial exposure. Specifically, we observed a three-fold increase in 35S-l-cystine uptake following a 10 min exposure to 0.3 mM H2O2. This effect was dose-dependent with an EC50 for H2O2 of 65 μM. We then used cell surface biotinylation analysis to test the hypothesis that the increase in activity is due to an increased number of transporters on the plasma membrane. We demonstrated that the amount of transporter protein, xCT, localized to the plasma membrane doubles within 10 min of H2O2 exposure as a result of an increase in its delivery rate and a reduction in its internalization rate. In addition, we demonstrated that H2O2 triggered a rapid decrease in total cellular glutathione which recovered within 2 h of the oxidative insult. The kinetics of glutathione recovery matched the time course for the recovery of xCT cell surface expression and System xc- activity following removal of the oxidative insult. Collectively, these results suggest that oxidants acutely modulate the activity of System xc- by increasing its cell surface expression, and that this process may serve as an important mechanism to increase de novo glutathione synthesis during periods of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Chase
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA.
| | | | - NaTasha Schiller
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Abby Goltz King
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Guillermo Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lang Smith
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Anne E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lack of Galectin-3 attenuates neuroinflammation and protects the retina and optic nerve of diabetic mice. Brain Res 2018; 1700:126-137. [PMID: 30016630 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of acquired blindness in working-age individuals. Recent work has revealed that neurodegeneration occurs earlier than vascular insult and that distal optic nerve damage precedes retinal degeneration and vascular insult. Since we have shown that optic nerve degeneration is reduced after optic nerve crush in Galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3 -/-) mice, we decided to investigate whether Gal-3 -/- could relieve inflammation and preserve both neurons and the structure of the retina and optic nerve following 8 weeks of diabetes. Diabetes was induced in 2-month-old male C57/bl6 WT or Gal-3 -/- mice by a single injection of streptozotocin (160 mg/kg). Histomorphometric retinal analyses showed no gross difference, except for a reduced number of retinal ganglion cells in WT diabetic mice, correlated to increased apoptosis. In the optic nerve, Gal-3 -/- mice showed reduced neuroinflammation, suggested by the smaller number of Iba1+ cells, particularly the amoeboid profiles in the distal end. Furthermore, iNOS staining was reduced in the optic nerves of Gal-3 -/- mice, as well as GFAP in the distal segment of the optic nerve. Finally, optic nerve histomorphometric analyses revealed that the number of myelinated fibers was higher in the Gal-3 -/- mice and myelin was more rectilinear compared to WT diabetic mice. Therefore, the present study provided evidence that Gal-3 is a central target that stimulates neuroinflammation and impairs neurological outcomes in visual complications of diabetes. Our findings provide support for the clinical use of Gal-3 inhibitors against diabetic visual complications in the near future.
Collapse
|
16
|
Carpi-Santos R, Calaza KC. Alterations in System x c- Expression in the Retina of Type 1 Diabetic Rats and the Role of Nrf2. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7941-7948. [PMID: 29488137 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), a transcription factor that controls expression of several proteins that are related to cellular antioxidant capacity, such as the subunit xCT of the system xc-, is dysregulated in diabetes. Recently, it was described that system xc- is decreased in the retina after 3 weeks of diabetes. So, in the present work, the temporal relationship between xCT and Nrf2 in the retina of diabetic animals was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats (200 g) by a single injection of streptozotocin, and retinas were collected after 1, 2, and 6 months of diabetes induction. Expression of xCT, Nrf2 activity, and binding to antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) sequence were evaluated. Glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also assessed. After 1 month of diabetes, Nrf2 activity, xCT expression, and glutathione levels were reduced whereas ROS were increased. Although glutathione and ROS levels remain unchanged until later stages, Nrf2 activity and xCT expression returned to normal levels after 2 months. However, they were decreased again at 6 months of diabetes. Accordingly, Nrf2 binding to xCT ARE sequence followed the same pattern of Nrf2 activity and xCT expression. These data showed that retinal xCT expression is regulated by Nrf2 in diabetic condition. The results also demonstrated a temporal relationship between Nrf2 and system xc- which could be implicated in the initiation of oxidative stress in retina in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of biology, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Institute of biology, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-140, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Combination Therapy with Sulfasalazine and Valproic Acid Promotes Human Glioblastoma Cell Death Through Imbalance of the Intracellular Oxidative Response. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6816-6833. [PMID: 29349577 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor and still lacks effective therapeutic strategies. It has already been shown that old drugs like sulfasalazine (SAS) and valproic acid (VPA) present antitumoral activities in glioma cell lines. SAS has also been associated with a decrease of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels through a potent inhibition of xc- glutamate/cystine exchanger leading to an antioxidant deprotection. In the same way, VPA was recently identified as a histone deacetylase (HDAT) inhibitor capable of activating tumor suppression genes. As both drugs are widely used in clinical practice and their profile of adverse effects is well known, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the combined treatment with SAS and VPA in GBM cell lines. We observed that both drugs were able to reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and the combined treatment potentiated these effects. Combined treatment also increased cell death and inhibited proliferation of GBM cells, while having no effect on human and rat cultured astrocytes. Also, we observed high protein expression of the catalytic subunit of xc- in all the examined GBM cell lines, and treatment with SAS blocked its activity and decreased intracellular GSH levels. Noteworthy, SAS but not VPA was also able to reduce the [14C]-ascorbate uptake. Together, these data indicate that SAS and VPA exhibit a substantial effect on GBM cell's death related to an intracellular oxidative response imbalance, making this combination of drugs a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Catanzaro OL, Capponi JA, Di Martino I, Labal ES, Sirois P. Oxidative stress in the optic nerve and cortical visual area of steptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats: Blockade with a selective bradykinin B 1 receptor antagonist. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:97-102. [PMID: 29089149 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of bradykinin B1 receptors on the oxidative stress as measured by the levels of Na+/K+ ATPase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in male Wistar rat optic nerve and visual cortex area 1 and 4weeks after STZ treatment was studied. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6-7): 1. Controls (non-diabetics); 2. Diabetics (65mg/kg streptozotocin, STZ); 3. Diabetics injected with B1 antagonist R-954 (2mg/Kg) during the last 3days of a one week period; 4. Diabetics injected with B1 antagonist R-954 (2mg/Kg) during the last 3days of a 4week period. The results showed that plasma glucose levels increased by up to 4 fold in diabetic rats 1 or 4weeks following the STZ treatment. R-954 treatment did significantly decrease blood glucose levels. Levels of MDA was increased in the plasma of the 1 and 4week diabetic animals whereas the GSH levels were decreased. Both markers returned to normal following R-954 treatment. Na+/K+ ATPase activity significantly decreased in the optic nerve and visual cortex of diabetic rats at 1 and 4weeks but returned to normal following R-954 treatment. MDA levels increased markedly at 1 and 4weeks compared with control levels in the optic nerve but slightly in the visual cortex and returned to control levels in both tissues following R-954 treatment. GSH levels decreased in both tissues at 1 and 4weeks compared with control levels. Following administration of the selective BKB1R antagonist R-954, the levels of GSH returned to normal in both tissues of the 1 and 4week diabetic animals. These results showed that the inducible BKB1 receptors are associated with the oxidative stress in the optic nerve and cortical visual area of diabetic rats and suggested that BKB1-R antagonist R-954 could have a beneficial role in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando L Catanzaro
- Departamento de Biología y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Diabetes Experimental, Universidad Argentina John F Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Medicina y Odontologia -USAL, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorgelina Aira Capponi
- Departamento de Biología y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Diabetes Experimental, Universidad Argentina John F Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Di Martino
- Departamento de Biología y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Diabetes Experimental, Universidad Argentina John F Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio S Labal
- Departamento de Biología y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Diabetes Experimental, Universidad Argentina John F Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pierre Sirois
- CHUL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|