1
|
Shatz N, Chohan Y, Klionsky DJ. ATG14 and STX18: gatekeepers of lipid droplet degradation and the implications for disease modulation. Autophagy 2024; 20:1697-1699. [PMID: 38735055 PMCID: PMC11262226 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2350739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy, a form of autophagy specific to the degradation of lipid droplets (LDs), plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and metabolic processes. A recent study has identified ATG14 (autophagy related 14) as a molecule that targets LDs and marks them for degradation via lipophagy; a process that is inhibited by the binding of STX18 (syntaxin 18) to ATG14 in mammalian cells. The exact mechanism of regulation of lipophagy, and subsequently of cellular LD levels, is still under investigation; however, dysregulation of this process has been linked to a number of disease phenotypes. An imbalance of lipid levels can result in a wide variety of conditions depending on the cell/tissue type in which they occur. In cells of the retinal pigment epithelium, lipid accumulation can result in dry age-related macular degeneration, in hepatocytes it can result in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and in neural cells it can result in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Based upon its wide range of implications in diseases, modulation of lipophagy is currently being further investigated for its potential as a treatment for a variety of conditions ranging from viral infection to developmental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Shatz
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yashveer Chohan
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hyttinen JMT, Koskela A, Blasiak J, Kaarniranta K. Autophagy in drusen biogenesis secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 39087629 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an emerging cause of blindness in aged people worldwide. One of the key signs of AMD is the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is indispensable for the maintenance of the adjacent photoreceptors. Because of impaired energy metabolism resulting from constant light exposure, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, accumulation of drusen in AMD-affected eyes is observed. Drusen contain damaged cellular proteins, lipoprotein particles, lipids and carbohydrates and they are related to impaired protein clearance, inflammation, and extracellular matrix modification. When autophagy, a major cellular proteostasis pathway, is impaired, the accumulations of intracellular lipofuscin and extracellular drusen are detected. As these aggregates grow over time, they finally cause the disorganisation and destruction of the RPE and photoreceptors leading to visual loss. In this review, the role of autophagy in drusen biogenesis is discussed since impairment in removing cellular waste in RPE cells plays a key role in AMD progression. In the future, means which improve intracellular clearance might be of use in AMD therapy to slow the progression of drusen formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha M T Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, Plock, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jingzhi W, Cui X. The Impact of Blood and Urine Biomarkers on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Cross-sectional Study from NHANES. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:19. [PMID: 38918699 PMCID: PMC11201032 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, affecting millions worldwide. Its complex pathogenesis involves a variety of risk factors, including lipid metabolism and inflammation. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationships between biomarkers related to these processes and AMD, leveraging Mendelian randomization (MR) and cross-sectional analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHOD We conducted a two-phase study, initially using MR to explore the causality between 35 biomarkers and various AMD subtypes, followed by observational analysis with NHANES data to validate these findings. RESULTS MR analysis identified a protective role of TG and a risk factor role of HDL-C and CRP in AMD development. NHANES data corroborated these findings, highlighting a nuanced relationship between these biomarkers and AMD. Notably, lipid metabolism-related biomarkers showed stronger associations with early AMD, whereas CRP's significance was pronounced in late AMD. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis, combining MR with NHANES data, reinforces the importance of lipid metabolism and inflammation in AMD's etiology. Future research should further investigate these biomarkers' mechanisms and their potential as therapeutic targets for AMD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jingzhi
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xuehao Cui
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tricorache DF, Dascalu AM, Alexandrescu C, Bobirca A, Grigorescu C, Tudor C, Cristea BM. Correlations Between the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Serum Lipid Fractions With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cureus 2024; 16:e62503. [PMID: 39022525 PMCID: PMC11252630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration, a chronic and progressive disease, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally among the elderly population. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, including the presence of lipid metabolism alteration. Dysfunctional lipid handling within retinal pigment epithelial cells has been implicated in the accumulation of lipofuscin and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, all contributing to retinal degeneration. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the serum lipid fraction distributions in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and December 2023 on 91 naïve patients with neovascular AMD and 90 controls admitted for routine cataract surgery. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological exam, including ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with central macular thickness (CMT) measurement. A complete blood count with differential and lipid fractions values was analyzed. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were comparatively analyzed between the control group and the test group. Results The groups were comparable in terms of age (73.84 ±7.52 years for the neovascular AMD group vs 72.1±10.92 years in controls; p=0.8) and gender distribution (p=0.243). The mean NLR and PLR values were slightly higher in the AMD group but not statistically significant (p=0.51, p>0.99, respectively). Comparative analysis of lipid profile fractions showed significantly higher HDL-C values in the exudative AMD group compared to normal subjects (61.27±19.4 mg/dL vs 50.99±7.86 mg/dL, p=0.006). Also, the proportion of subjects with HDL-C>60 mg/dL was higher in the exudative AMD group (p=0.014). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (189.77±53.39 mg/dL vs 190.43±37.84 mg/dL, p=0.681), LDL-C, and TG. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C and HDL-C values >60 mg/dL are significantly associated factors with neovascular AMD. However, there is no statistical correlation between the values of these biochemical parameters and visual acuity or CMT in the neovascular AMD patient group. Conclusions There were no correlations between NLR and PLR with neovascular AMD in the study group. Higher HDL-C values exceeding 60 mg/dL were associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and could represent a possible therapeutic target in neovascular AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Tricorache
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Ana M Dascalu
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Anca Bobirca
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Corneliu Tudor
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Bogdan M Cristea
- Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Winiarczyk M, Thiede B, Utheim TP, Kaarniranta K, Winiarczyk D, Michalak K, Mackiewicz J. Oxidative Stress, Persistent Inflammation and Blood Coagulation Alterations in Serum Proteome of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38792644 PMCID: PMC11122107 DOI: 10.3390/life14050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness in elderly populations in developed countries. AMD's etiopathology is multifactorial, with strong environmental and genetic components, but the exact molecular pathomechanisms underlying the disease are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed blood serum collected from 74 neovascular AMD patients and 58 healthy controls to identify proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers and expand our knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of the disease. The study revealed 17 differentially expressed proteins-11 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated-in neovascular AMD, which are involved in the biological processes previously linked with the disease-oxidative stress and persistent inflammation, impaired cellular transport, lipid metabolism and blood coagulation. In conclusion, the differences in the expressions of the proteins identified in this study may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying AMD and possibly serve in future as promising biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Liang F, Chang J, Shan X, Yin Z, Wang L, Li S. Autophagy in dry AMD: A promising therapeutic strategy for retinal pigment epithelial cell damage. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109889. [PMID: 38593971 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent clinical condition that leads to permanent damage to central vision and poses a significant threat to patients' visual health. Although the pathogenesis of dry AMD remains unclear, there is consensus on the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are major contributors to RPE cell damage, and the NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates the inflammatory response leading to apoptosis in RPE cells. Furthermore, lipofuscin accumulation results in oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation, and the development of vitelliform lesions, a hallmark of dry AMD, all of which may contribute to RPE dysfunction. The process of autophagy, involving the encapsulation, recognition, and transport of accumulated proteins and dead cells to the lysosome for degradation, is recognized as a significant pathway for cellular self-protection and homeostasis maintenance. Recently, RPE cell autophagy has been discovered to be closely linked to the development of macular degeneration, positioning autophagy as a cutting-edge research area in the realm of dry AMD. In this review, we present an overview of how lipofuscin, oxidative stress, and the NLRP3 inflammasome damage the RPE through their respective causal mechanisms. We summarized the connection between autophagy, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that targeting autophagy improves RPE function and sustains visual health, offering new perspectives for understanding the pathogenesis and clinical management of dry AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Fengming Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhixian Yin
- Hebei University of Technology, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Li Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shujiao Li
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang J, Wang S, Li Y, Wang Y, Liao R. Has-miR-199a-3p/RELA/SCD inhibits immune checkpoints in AMD and promotes macrophage-mediated inflammation and pathological angiogenesis through lipid metabolism pathway: A computational analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297849. [PMID: 38625951 PMCID: PMC11020405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
More and more evidence shows that abnormal lipid metabolism leads to immune system dysfunction in AMD and promotes the occurrence of AMD by changing the homeostasis of ocular inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of lipid metabolism on the phenotype and function of macrophages is still unclear, and the mechanism of association between AMD and cancer and COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction between lipid metabolism related genes, ferroptosis related genes and immunity in AMD, find out the key genes that affect the ferroptosis of AMD through lipid metabolism pathway and the molecular mechanism that mediates the action of macrophages, and find out the possible mechanism of lipid metabolism and potential co-therapeutic targets between AMD and cancer and COVID-19, so as to improve treatment decision-making and clinical results. For the first time, we have comprehensively analyzed the fatty acid molecule related genes, ferroptosis related genes and immune microenvironment of AMD patients, and determined that mast cells and M1 macrophages are the main causes of AMD inflammation, and found that SCD is the core gene in AMD that inhibits ferroptosis through lipid metabolism pathway, and verified the difference in the expression of SCD in AMD in a separate external data set. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of action of the SCD gene, we found for the first time that Has-miR-199a-3p/RELA/SCD is the core axis of action of lipid metabolism pathway to inhibit the ferroptosis of AMD. By inhibiting the immune checkpoint, we can enhance the immune cell activity of AMD and lead to the transformation of macrophages from M2 to M1, thereby promoting the inflammation and pathological angiogenesis of AMD. At the same time, we found that ACOX2 and PECR, as genes for fatty acid metabolism, may regulate the expression of SCD during the occurrence and development of COVID-19, thus affecting the occurrence and development of AMD. We found that FASD1 may be a key gene for the joint action of AMD and COVID-19, and SCD regulates the immune infiltration of macrophages in glioma and germ line tumors. In conclusion, our results can provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of AMD, help guide the treatment of AMD patients and their potentially related diseases and help to design effective drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Rongfeng Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nwagbo U, Parvez S, Maschek JA, Bernstein PS. Elovl4b knockout zebrafish as a model for ocular very-long-chain PUFA deficiency. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100518. [PMID: 38342437 PMCID: PMC10940177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) are a group of lipids with chain lengths >24 carbons, and the ELOVL4 (elongation of very-long-chain FA-4) enzyme is responsible for vertebrate VLC-PUFA biosynthesis. Studies on the role of VLC-PUFAs in vision have been hindered because of the need for adequate animal models to capture the global loss of VLC-PUFAs. Since homozygous Elovl4 ablation is lethal in neonatal mice because of catastrophic drying from the loss of their protective skin barrier, we established a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of Elovl4 ablation. We generated Elovl4b KO zebrafish by creating a 56-bp deletion mutation in exon 2 of the Elovl4b gene using CRISPR-Cas9. We used GC-MS and LC-MS/MS to analyze the VLC-PUFA and lipid profiles from wild-type and Elovl4b KO fish eyes. We also performed histology and visual-behavioral tests. We found that heterozygous and homozygous Elovl4b KO zebrafish eyes had altered lipid profiles and a significantly lower C30 to C36 VLC-PUFA abundance than wild-type fish. Moreover, Elovl4b+/- and Elovl4b-/- KO larvae had significantly lower motor activity in response to light-dark cycles than their age-matched controls. Elovl4b-/- adult fish showed no obvious differences in gross retinal morphology and lamination compared with wild type, except for the presence of lipid droplets within the retinal pigment epithelial cell layer of Elovl4b-/- fish. Our data indicate that the loss of Elovl4b in zebrafish changes ocular lipid profiles and leads to visual abnormalities and subtle retinal changes. These findings highlight the use of zebrafish as a model for VLC-PUFA depletion and ELOVL4-related dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzoamaka Nwagbo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics Core, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ou K, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Luo Y, Jiang J, Dan J, Tang D, Chen Z, Wu J. Marine bromophenols suppressed choroidal neovascularization by targeting HUWE1 through NF-κb signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128620. [PMID: 38070804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the progression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Regular intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medication is required for many patients to sustain eye condition as CNV always recurs due to persistent chronic inflammation in the retina and choroid. Marine bromophenols (BDB) have been widely studied due to their diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effect, though the mechanism of which remained unclear. Our study demonstrated that BDB could restricted endothelial cells' function and suppressed choroidal explants both in vitro and in vivo without out affecting the cells viability. BDB also significantly reduced numerous inflammatory cytokines in both raw cells and choroidal tissue, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and MMP-9. Moreover, we demonstrated that BDB down regulated phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in the raw cells. By Co-IP assay, HUWE1 was found to be bound with BDB and the binding location was at sequences position 4214. When overexpressed HUWE1 in HUVECs, the suppression of endothelial cells' function by BDB became more significant. Taken together, the findings in this study showed that BDB suppressed endothelial cells' function and choroidal neovascularization by targeting HUWE1 through NF-κB pathway, which suggested that BDB could be a potential therapeutic candidate in treating chronic inflammation in choroidal neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Ou
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjian Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yafei Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqing Dan
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China..
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Zhang YR, Ding ZQ, Zhang YC, Sun RX, Zhu HJ, Wang JN, Xu B, Zhang P, Ji JD, Liu QH, Chen X. m6A-Mediated Upregulation of Imprinted in Prader-Willi Syndrome Induces Aberrant Apical-Basal Polarization and Oxidative Damage in RPE Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:10. [PMID: 38315495 PMCID: PMC10851782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal the clinical significance, pathological involvement and molecular mechanism of imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (IPW) in RPE anomalies that contribute to AMD. Methods IPW expression under pathological conditions were detected by microarrays and qPCR assays. In vitro cultured fetal RPE cells were used to study the pathogenicity induced by IPW overexpression and to analyze its upstream and downstream regulatory networks. Results We showed that IPW is upregulated in the macular RPE-choroid tissue of dry AMD patients and in fetal RPE cells under oxidative stress, inflammation and dedifferentiation. IPW overexpression in fetal RPE cells induced aberrant apical-basal polarization as shown by dysregulated polarized markers, disrupted tight and adherens junctions, and inhibited phagocytosis. IPW upregulation was also associated with RPE oxidative damages, as demonstrated by intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reduced cell proliferation, and accelerated cell apoptosis. Mechanically, N6-methyladenosine level of the IPW transcript regulated its stability with YTHDC1 as the reader. IPW mediated RPE features by suppressing MEG3 expression to sequester its inhibition on the AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We also noticed that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin suppresses the AKT/mTOR pathway to alleviate the IPW-induced RPE anomalies. Conclusions We revealed that IPW overexpression in RPE induces aberrant apical-basal polarization and oxidative damages, thus contributing to AMD progression. We also annotated the upstream and downstream regulatory networks of IPW in RPE. Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of RPE dysfunctions, and indicate that IPW blockers may be a promising option to treat RPE abnormalities in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Qin Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru-Xu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mauschitz MM, Hochbein BJ, Klinkhammer H, Saßmannshausen M, Terheyden JH, Krawitz P, Finger RP. Prevalence and determinants of subretinal drusenoid deposits in patients' first-degree relatives. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:53-60. [PMID: 37672102 PMCID: PMC10805990 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) are distinct extracellular alteration anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Given their commonly uniform phenotype, a hereditary predisposition seems likely. Hence, we aim to investigate prevalence and determinants in patients' first-degree relatives. METHODS We recruited SDD outpatients at their visits to our clinic and invited their relatives. We performed a full ophthalmic examination including spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and graded presence, disease stage of SDD as well as percentage of infrared (IR) en face area affected by SDD. Moreover, we performed genetic sequencing and calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for AMD. We conducted multivariable regression models to assess potential determinants of SDD and associations of SDD with PRS. RESULTS We included 195 participants, 123 patients (mean age 81.4 ± 7.2 years) and 72 relatives (mean age 52.2 ± 14.2 years), of which 7 presented SDD, resulting in a prevalence of 9.7%. We found older age to be associated with SDD presence and area in the total cohort and a borderline association of higher body mass index (BMI) with SDD presence in the relatives. Individuals with SDD tended to have a higher PRS, which, however, was not statistically significant in the multivariable regression. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a potential hereditary aspect of SDD and confirms the strong association with age. Based on our results, relatives of SDD patients ought to be closely monitored for retinal alterations, particularly at an older age. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample size and older relatives are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Mauschitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Benedikt J Hochbein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Klinkhammer
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jan H Terheyden
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Różanowska MB. Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2111. [PMID: 38136230 PMCID: PMC10740933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscin accumulates with age as intracellular fluorescent granules originating from incomplete lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed and autophagocytosed material. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current understanding of the role of oxidative stress and/or lysosomal dysfunction in lipofuscin accumulation and its consequences, particularly for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Next, the fluorescence of lipofuscin, spectral changes induced by oxidation, and its contribution to retinal fluorescence are discussed. This is followed by reviewing recent developments in fluorescence imaging of the retina and the current evidence on the prognostic value of retinal fluorescence for the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the major blinding disease affecting elderly people in developed countries. The evidence of lipofuscin oxidation in vivo and the evidence of increased oxidative damage in AMD retina ex vivo lead to the conclusion that imaging of spectral characteristics of lipofuscin fluorescence may serve as a useful biomarker of oxidative damage, which can be helpful in assessing the efficacy of potential antioxidant therapies in retinal degenerations associated with accumulation of lipofuscin and increased oxidative stress. Finally, amendments to currently used fluorescence imaging instruments are suggested to be more sensitive and specific for imaging spectral characteristics of lipofuscin fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata B. Różanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK;
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mauschitz MM, Verzijden T, Schuster AK, Elbaz H, Pfeiffer N, Khawaja A, Luben RN, Foster PJ, Rauscher FG, Wirkner K, Kirsten T, Jonas JB, Bikbov MM, Hogg R, Peto T, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Bertelsen G, Erke MG, Topouzis F, Giannoulis DA, Brandl C, Heid IM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Gabrielle PH, Hense HW, Pauleikhoff D, Barreto P, Coimbra R, Piermarocchi S, Daien V, Holz FG, Delcourt C, Finger RP. Association of lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetic drugs with age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis in Europeans. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1880-1886. [PMID: 36344262 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the association of commonly used systemic medications with prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general population. METHODS We included 38 694 adults from 14 population-based and hospital-based studies from the European Eye Epidemiology consortium. We examined associations between the use of systemic medications and any prevalent AMD as well as any late AMD using multivariable logistic regression modelling per study and pooled results using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Between studies, mean age ranged from 61.5±7.1 to 82.6±3.8 years and prevalence ranged from 12.1% to 64.5% and from 0.5% to 35.5% for any and late AMD, respectively. In the meta-analysis of fully adjusted multivariable models, lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) and antidiabetic drugs were associated with lower prevalent any AMD (OR 0.85, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.91 and OR 0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.91). We found no association with late AMD or with any other medication. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a potential beneficial effect of LLD and antidiabetic drug use on prevalence of AMD across multiple European cohorts. Our findings support the importance of metabolic processes in the multifactorial aetiology of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hisham Elbaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Hogg
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja Gran Erke
- Directorate of eHealth, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Giannoulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Werner Hense
- University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Barreto
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Coimbra
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stefano Piermarocchi
- Padova-Camposampiero Hospital, Padova, Italy
- University of Padova, Department of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent Daien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, F-34091 Montpellier, France
- The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cecile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team LEHA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hass DT, Zhang Q, Autterson GA, Bryan RA, Hurley JB, Miller JML. Medium Depth Influences O2 Availability and Metabolism in Human RPE Cultures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 37922158 PMCID: PMC10629522 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) oxidative metabolism is critical for normal retinal function and is often studied in cell culture systems. Here, we show that conventional culture media volumes dramatically impact O2 availability, limiting oxidative metabolism. We suggest optimal conditions to ensure cultured RPE is in a normoxic environment permissive to oxidative metabolism. Methods We altered the availability of O2 to human primary and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cultures directly via a hypoxia chamber or indirectly via the amount of medium over cells. We measured oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), glucose consumption, lactate production, 13C6-glucose and 13C5-glutamine flux, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) stability, intracellular lipid droplets after a lipid challenge, transepithelial electrical resistance, cell morphology, and pigmentation. Results Medium volumes commonly employed during RPE culture limit diffusion of O2 to cells, triggering hypoxia, activating HIF-1α, limiting OCR, and dramatically altering cell metabolism, with only minor effects on typical markers of RPE health. Media volume effects on O2 availability decrease acetyl-CoA utilization, increase glycolysis and reductive carboxylation, and alter the size and number of intracellular lipid droplets under lipid-rich conditions. Conclusions Despite having little impact on visible and typical markers of RPE culture health, media volume dramatically affects RPE physiology "under the hood." As RPE-centric diseases like age-related macular degeneration involve oxidative metabolism, RPE cultures need to be optimized to study such diseases. We provide guidelines for optimal RPE culture volumes that balance ample nutrient availability from larger media volumes with adequate O2 availability seen with smaller media volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Qitao Zhang
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | | | - James B. Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason M. L. Miller
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, Wang L, Li Y, Gui C, Pei Y, Zhou G. Roles and mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in age-related macular degeneration. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22307. [PMID: 38027818 PMCID: PMC10679503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial progressive fundus disorder that can cause vision impairment and severe central blindness in older adults. Currently, there are no approved prevention or treatment strategies for non-exudative AMD. While targeting VEGF is the main therapeutic approach to delay the degeneration process in exudative AMD, a significant number of patients show insensitivity or ineffectiveness to anti-VEGF therapy. Despite years of research, the exact mechanism underlying drusen formation and macular atrophy in AMD remains unknown. In the pathogenesis of AMD, lncRNAs play crucial roles, as discussed in this paper. This review focuses on the function of dysregulated lncRNAs and the mechanisms by which specific molecules target these lncRNAs in AMD. The analysis reveals that lncRNAs primarily regulate the progression of AMD by mediating apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), dedifferentiation, and oxidative stress in choroidal vascular endothelial cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and photoreceptors. Consequently, the regulation of apoptosis, dedifferentiation, EMT, and other processes by lncRNAs has emerged as a crucial focus in AMD research.These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of lncRNAs in AMD and their potential as valuable biomarkers. Furthermore, they highlight the need for further basic and clinical studies to explore the value of lncRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Chenwei Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Yajing Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Guohong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu J, Duan C, Yang Y, Wang Z, Tan C, Han C, Hou X. Insights into the liver-eyes connections, from epidemiological, mechanical studies to clinical translation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:712. [PMID: 37817192 PMCID: PMC10566185 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of internal homeostasis is a sophisticated process, during which almost all organs get involved. Liver plays a central role in metabolism and involves in endocrine, immunity, detoxification and storage, and therefore it communicates with distant organs through such mechanisms to regulate pathophysiological processes. Dysfunctional liver is often accompanied by pathological phenotypes of distant organs, including the eyes. Many reviews have focused on crosstalk between the liver and gut, the liver and brain, the liver and heart, the liver and kidney, but with no attention paid to the liver and eyes. In this review, we summarized intimate connections between the liver and the eyes from three aspects. Epidemiologically, we suggest liver-related, potential, protective and risk factors for typical eye disease as well as eye indicators connected with liver status. For molecular mechanism aspect, we elaborate their inter-organ crosstalk from metabolism (glucose, lipid, proteins, vitamin, and mineral), detoxification (ammonia and bilirubin), and immunity (complement and inflammation regulation) aspect. In clinical application part, we emphasize the latest advances in utilizing the liver-eye axis in disease diagnosis and therapy, involving artificial intelligence-deep learning-based novel diagnostic tools for detecting liver disease and adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy method for curing blinding eye disease. We aim to focus on and provide novel insights into liver and eyes communications and help resolve existed clinically significant issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Caihan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chen Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hernandez BJ, Skiba NP, Plössl K, Strain M, Liu Y, Grigsby D, Kelly U, Cady MA, Manocha V, Maminishkis A, Watkins T, Miller SS, Ashley‐Koch A, Stamer WD, Weber BHF, Bowes Rickman C, Klingeborn M. Polarized Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Shedding via Small Extracellular Vesicles is an Early Indicator of Outer Blood-Retina Barrier Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e116. [PMID: 38108061 PMCID: PMC10720597 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) constitutes the outer blood-retinal barrier, enables photoreceptor function of the eye, and is constantly exposed to oxidative stress. As such, dysfunction of the RPE underlies pathology leading to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly in industrialized nations. A major responsibility of the RPE is to process photoreceptor outer segments, which relies on the proper functioning of its endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) from RPE are an essential part of these pathways and may be early indicators of cellular stress. To test the role of small EVs (sEVs) including exosomes, that may underlie the early stages of AMD, we used a polarized primary RPE cell culture model under chronic subtoxic oxidative stress. Unbiased proteomic analyses of highly purified basolateral sEVs from oxidatively stressed RPE cultures revealed changes in proteins involved in epithelial barrier integrity. There were also significant changes in proteins accumulating in the basal-side sub-RPE extracellular matrix during oxidative stress, that could be prevented with an inhibitor of sEV release. Thus, chronic subtoxic oxidative stress in primary RPE cultures induces changes in sEV content, including basal-side specific desmosome and hemidesmosome shedding via sEVs. These findings provide novel biomarkers of early cellular dysfunction and opportunity for therapeutic intervention in age-related retinal diseases (e.g., AMD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Hernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nikolai P. Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Daniel Grigsby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Una Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Martha A. Cady
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vikram Manocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and DiseaseNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - TeddiJo Watkins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Office of Animal Welfare Assurance, Duke Animal Care and Use ProgramDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sheldon S. Miller
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and DiseaseNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Allison Ashley‐Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Institute of Clinical Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- McLaughlin Research InstituteGreat FallsMontanaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vyas H, Vohra A, Upadhyay K, Thounaojam M, Jadeja R, Dalvi N, Bartoli M, Devkar R. miR34a-5p impedes CLOCK expression in chronodisruptive C57BL/6J mice and potentiates pro-atherogenic manifestations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283591. [PMID: 37561715 PMCID: PMC10414636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered circadian rhythms underlie manifestation of several cardiovascular disorders, however a little is known about the mediating biomolecules. Multiple transcriptional-translational feedback loops control circadian-clockwork wherein; micro RNAs (miRNAs) are known to manifest post transcriptional regulation. This study assesses miR34a-5p as a mediating biomolecule. METHOD 8-10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6/group) were subjected to photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption and thoracic aortae were examined for miRNA, gene (qPCR) and protein (Immunoblot) expression studies. Histomorphological changes were assessed for pro-atherogenic manifestations (fibrillar arrangement, collagen/elastin ratio, intima-media thickening). Computational studies for miRNA-mRNA target prediction were done using TargetScan and miRDB. Correlative in vitro studies were done in serum synchronized HUVEC cells. Time point based studies were done at five time points (ZT 0, 6, 12, 18, 24) in 24h. RESULTS Chronodisruption induced hypomethylation in the promoter region of miR34a-5p, in the thoracic aortae, culminating in elevated miRNA titers. In a software-based detection of circadian-clock-associated targets of miR34a-5p, Clock and Sirt1 genes were identified. Moreover, miR34a-5p exhibited antagonist circadian oscillations to that of its target genes CLOCK and SIRT1 in endothelial cells. Luciferase reporter gene assay further showed that miR34a-5p interacts with the 3'UTR of the Clock gene to lower its expression, disturbing the operation of positive arm of circadian clock system. Elevated miR34a-5p and impeded SIRT1 expression in a chronodisruptive aortae exhibited pro-atherogenic changes observed in form of gene expression, increased collagen/elastin ratio, fibrillar derangement and intimal-media thickening. CONCLUSION The study reports for the first time chronodisruption mediated miR34a-5p elevation, its circadian expression and interaction with the 3'UTR of Clock gene to impede its expression. Moreover, elevated miR34a-5p and lowered SIRT1 expression in the chronodisruptive aortae lead off cause-consequence relationship of chronodisruption mediated proatherogenic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitarthi Vyas
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kapil Upadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Menaka Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ravirajsinh Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nilay Dalvi
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun RX, Zhu HJ, Zhang YR, Wang JN, Wang Y, Cao QC, Ji JD, Jiang C, Yuan ST, Chen X, Liu QH. ALKBH5 causes retinal pigment epithelium anomalies and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112779. [PMID: 37436898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are predominant features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with an unclear mechanism. Herein, we show that RNA demethylase α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is up-regulated in AMD. In RPE cells, ALKBH5 overexpression associates with depolarization, oxidative stress, disturbed autophagy, irregular lipid homeostasis, and elevated VEGF-A secretion, which subsequently promotes proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Consistently, ALKBH5 overexpression in mice RPE correlates with various pathological phenotypes, including visual impairments, RPE anomalies, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and interrupted retinal homeostasis. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 regulates retinal features through its demethylation activity. It targets PIK3C2B and regulates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with YTHDF2 as the N6-methyladenosine reader. IOX1, an ALKBH5 inhibitor, suppresses hypoxia-induced RPE dysfunction and CNV progression. Collectively, we demonstrate that ALKBH5 induces RPE dysfunction and CNV progression in AMD via PIK3C2B-mediated activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors of ALKBH5, like IOX1, are promising therapeutic options for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Song-Tao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Feng L, Wei Y, Sun Y, Zhou L, Bi S, Chen W, Xiang W. MIR34A modulates lens epithelial cell apoptosis and cataract development via the HK1/caspase 3 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6331-6345. [PMID: 37414399 PMCID: PMC10373963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age is a major risk factor for cataracts, and with increasing aging, the burden of cataracts will grow, but the exact details of cataractogenesis remain unclear. A recent study showed that microRNA-34a (MIR34A) is involved in the development of cataracts, but the underlying pathogenesis remains obscure. Here, our results of microRNA target prediction showed that hexokinase 1 (HK1) is one of the genes targeted by MIR34A. Based on this finding, we focused on the function of MIR34A and HK1 in the progress of cataracts, whereby the human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 and mouse lens were treated with MIR34A mimics and HK1 siRNA. We found that HK1 mRNA is a direct target of MIR34A, whereby the high expression of MIR34A in the cataract lens suppresses the expression of HK1. In vitro, the upregulation of MIR34A together with the downregulation of HK1 inhibits the proliferation, induces the apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells, and accelerates the opacification of mouse lenses via the HK1/caspase 3 signaling pathway. In summary, our study demonstrates that MIR34A modulates lens epithelial cell (LEC) apoptosis and cataract development through the HK1/caspase 3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Yantao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shaowei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hernandez BJ, Skiba NP, Plößl K, Strain M, Grigsby D, Kelly U, Cady MA, Manocha V, Maminishkis A, Watkins T, Miller SS, Ashley-Koch A, Stamer WD, Weber BHF, Rickman CB, Klingeborn M. Polarized Desmosome and Hemidesmosome Shedding via Exosomes is an Early Indicator of Outer Blood-Retina Barrier Dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544677. [PMID: 37398366 PMCID: PMC10312606 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) constitutes the outer blood-retinal barrier, enables photoreceptor function of the eye, and is constantly exposed to oxidative stress. As such, dysfunction of the RPE underlies pathology leading to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly in industrialized nations. A major responsibility of the RPE is to process photoreceptor outer segments, which relies on the proper functioning of its endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles from RPE are an essential part of these pathways and may be early indicators of cellular stress. To test the role of exosomes that may underlie the early stages of AMD, we used a polarized primary RPE cell culture model under chronic subtoxic oxidative stress. Unbiased proteomic analyses of highly purified basolateral exosomes from oxidatively stressed RPE cultures revealed changes in proteins involved in epithelial barrier integrity. There were also significant changes in proteins accumulating in the basal-side sub-RPE extracellular matrix during oxidative stress, that could be prevented with an inhibitor of exosome release. Thus, chronic subtoxic oxidative stress in primary RPE cultures induces changes in exosome content, including basal-side specific desmosome and hemidesmosome shedding via exosomes. These findings provide novel biomarkers of early cellular dysfunction and opportunity for therapeutic intervention in age-related retinal diseases, (e.g., AMD) and broadly from blood-CNS barriers in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ana RD, Gliszczyńska A, Sanchez-Lopez E, Garcia ML, Krambeck K, Kovacevic A, Souto EB. Precision Medicines for Retinal Lipid Metabolism-Related Pathologies. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040635. [PMID: 37109021 PMCID: PMC10145959 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of lipids and lipoproteins contributes to inflammation processes that promote the development of eye diseases. This is a consequence of metabolism dysregulation; for instance, that of the dysfunctional peroxisomal lipid metabolism. Dysfunction of lipid peroxidation is a critical factor in oxidative stress that causes ROS-induced cell damage. Targeting the lipid metabolism to treat ocular diseases is an interesting and effective approach that is now being considered. Indeed, among ocular structures, retina is a fundamental tissue that shows high metabolism. Lipids and glucose are fuel substrates for photoreceptor mitochondria; therefore, retina is rich in lipids, especially phospholipids and cholesterol. The imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid accumulation in the human Bruch's membrane are processes related to ocular diseases, such as AMD. In fact, preclinical tests are being performed in mice models with AMD, making this area a promising field. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, offers the opportunity to develop site-specific drug delivery systems to ocular tissues for the treatment of eye diseases. Specially, biodegradable nanoparticles constitute an interesting approach to treating metabolic eye-related pathologies. Among several drug delivery systems, lipid nanoparticles show attractive properties, e.g., no toxicological risk, easy scale-up and increased bioavailability of the loaded active compounds. This review analyses the mechanisms involved in ocular dyslipidemia, as well as their ocular manifestations. Moreover, active compounds as well as drug delivery systems which aim to target retinal lipid metabolism-related diseases are thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel da Ana
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolline Krambeck
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Health Sciences School, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, 6300-035 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Andjelka Kovacevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eliana B Souto
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hass DT, Zhang Q, Autterson G, Bryan R, Hurley JB, Miller JM. Medium depth influences O 2 availability and metabolism in cultured RPE cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530623. [PMID: 36909658 PMCID: PMC10002737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RPE oxidative metabolism is critical for normal retinal function and is often studied in cell culture systems. Here, we show that conventional culture media volumes dramatically impact O 2 availability, limiting oxidative metabolism. We suggest optimal conditions to ensure cultured RPE is in a normoxic environment permissive to oxidative metabolism. METHODS We altered the availability of O 2 to human primary RPE cultures directly via a hypoxia chamber or indirectly via the amount of medium over cells. We measured oxygen consumption rates (OCR), glucose consumption, lactate production, 13 C-glucose flux, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) stability, intracellular lipid droplets after a lipid challenge, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, cell morphology, and pigmentation. RESULTS Medium volumes commonly employed during RPE culture limit diffusion of O 2 to cells, triggering hypoxia, activating HIF-1α, limiting OCR, and dramatically altering cell metabolism, with only minor effects on typical markers of RPE health. Media volume effects on O 2 availability decrease acetyl-CoA utilization, increase glycolysis, and alter the size and number of intracellular lipid droplets under lipid-rich conditions. CONCLUSIONS Despite having little impact on visible and typical markers of RPE culture health, media volume dramatically affects RPE physiology ″under the hood″. As RPE-centric diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involve oxidative metabolism, RPE cultures need to be optimized to study such diseases. We provide guidelines for optimal RPE culture volumes that balance ample nutrient availability from larger media volumes with adequate O 2 availability seen with smaller media volumes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vasku G, Peltier C, He Z, Thuret G, Gain P, Gabrielle PH, Acar N, Berdeaux O. Comprehensive mass spectrometry lipidomics of human biofluids and ocular tissues. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100343. [PMID: 36773847 PMCID: PMC10027555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating lipid profiles in human tissues and biofluids is critical in identifying lipid metabolites in dysregulated metabolic pathways. Due to various chemical characteristics, single-run lipid analysis has not yet been documented. Such approach is essential for analyzing pathology-related lipid metabolites. Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss in western countries, is emblematic of this limitation. Several studies have identified alterations in individual lipids but the majority are based on targeted approaches. In this study, we analyzed and identified approximately 500 lipid species in human biofluids (plasma and erythrocytes) and ocular tissues (retina and retinal pigment epithelium) using the complementarity of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. For that, lipids were extracted from human eye globes and blood from 10 subjects and lipidomic analysis was carried out through analysis in HILIC and RPC, alternately. Furthermore, we illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques for lipid characterization. RPC showed greater sensitivity in hydrophobicity-based lipid separation, detecting diglycerides, triglycerides, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters, whereas no signal of these molecules was obtained in HILIC. However, due to coelution, RPC was less effective in separating polar lipids like phospholipids, which were separated effectively in HILIC in both ionization modes. The complementary nature of these analytical approaches was essential for the detection and identification of lipid classes/subclasses, which can then provide distinct insights into lipid metabolism, a determinant of the pathophysiology of several diseases involving lipids, notably age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Vasku
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Peltier
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, Dijon, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biology, Imaging, and Engineering of Corneal Grafts, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biology, Imaging, and Engineering of Corneal Grafts, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biology, Imaging, and Engineering of Corneal Grafts, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Pierre-Henry Gabrielle
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Navarro-Calvo J, Esquiva G, Gómez-Vicente V, Valor LM. MicroRNAs in the Mouse Developing Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032992. [PMID: 36769311 PMCID: PMC9918188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is among the highest organized tissues of the central nervous system. To achieve such organization, a finely tuned regulation of developmental processes is required to form the retinal layers that contain the specialized neurons and supporting glial cells to allow precise phototransduction. MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs with undoubtful roles in fundamental biological processes, including neurodevelopment of the brain and the retina. This review provides a short overview of the most important findings regarding microRNAs in the regulation of retinal development, from the developmental-dependent rearrangement of the microRNA expression program to the key roles of particular microRNAs in the differentiation and maintenance of retinal cell subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Navarro-Calvo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gema Esquiva
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M. Valor
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-913-988
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hyttinen JMT, Blasiak J, Kaarniranta K. Non-Coding RNAs Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and the Oxidative Stress Response as Putative Targets against Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032636. [PMID: 36768958 PMCID: PMC9917342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ever-increasing, insidious disease which reduces the quality of life of millions of elderly people around the world. AMD is characterised by damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the macula region of the retina. The origins of this multi-factorial disease are complex and still not fully understood. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial imbalance in the RPE are believed to be important factors in the development of AMD. In this review, the regulation of the mitochondrial function and antioxidant stress response by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), newly emerged epigenetic factors, is discussed. These molecules include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular non-coding RNAs. They act mainly as mRNA suppressors, controllers of other ncRNAs, or by interacting with proteins. We include here examples of these RNA molecules which affect various mitochondrial processes and antioxidant signaling of the cell. As a future prospect, the possibility to manipulate these ncRNAs to strengthen mitochondrial and antioxidant response functions is discussed. Non-coding RNAs could be used as potential diagnostic markers for AMD, and in the future, also as therapeutic targets, either by suppressing or increasing their expression. In addition to AMD, it is possible that non-coding RNAs could be regulators in other oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. T. Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Sweet Corn Extract on Il-1β-Induced Inflammation in a Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line (ARPE-19). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032462. [PMID: 36768783 PMCID: PMC9917234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease associated with aging. Development of AMD is related to degeneration and dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) caused by low-grade chronic inflammation in aged RPE cells leading to visual loss and blindness. Sweet corn is a good source of lutein and zeaxanthin, which were reported to exert various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of SCE to inhibit the production of inflammatory biomarkers related to AMD development. Cells were pretreated with SCE for 1 h followed by stimulation with IL-1β for another 24 h. The results demonstrated that SCE attenuated IL-1β-induced production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and the expression of ICAM-1 and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SCE suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, p38, and NF-κB (p65) in IL-1β-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. These results proved that SCE protected ARPE-19 cells from IL-1β-induced inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory markers partly via suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Overall, SCE is a potential agent for the prevention of AMD development, which should be further evaluated in animals.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pan HY, Valapala M. Role of TFEB in Diseases Associated with Lysosomal Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:319-325. [PMID: 37440051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a very important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. TFEB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes in the Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation (CLEAR) network. The CLEAR network genes are known to regulate many processes associated with the autophagy pathway and lysosome biogenesis. Lysosomes, which are degradative organelles in the cell, are associated with several cellular mechanisms, such as autophagy and phagocytosis. Recent studies have shown that TFEB dysregulation and lysosomal dysfunction are associated with several degenerative diseases. Thus, enhancing TFEB activity and accompanied induction of lysosomal function and autophagy can have tremendous therapeutic potential for the treatment of several degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this chapter, we briefly illustrate the expression and regulation of TFEB in response to several cellular stressors and discuss the effects of TFEB overexpression to induce cellular clearance functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yeh Pan
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shen Y, Huang H, Wang Y, Yang R, Ke X. Antioxidant effects of Se-glutathione peroxidase in alcoholic liver disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127048. [PMID: 35963055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage induced by ethanol and its metabolites is one of the factors that fuels the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Selenium (Se) is an effective cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and has antioxidant effects that improve ALD. In patients with ALD, ethanol-induced oxidative damage inhibits the synthesis of related Se-containing proteins such as: selenoprotein P (Sepp1), albumin (ALB), and GPx in the liver, thus decreasing the overall Se level in patients. Both Se deficiency and excess can affect the expression of GPx, resulting in damage to the antioxidant defense system. This damage enhances oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, which aggravates the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation and worsens ALD symptoms. A cascade of oxidative damages caused by ALD will deplete selenium deposition in the body, stimulate the expression of Gpx1, Sepp1, and Gpx4, and thus mobilize systemic selenoproteins, which can restore GPx activity in the hepatocytes of ALD patients, reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and alleviate oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation, thus helping to mitigate ALD. This review provides a reference for future ALD studies that evaluate the regulation of Se levels and contributes to studies on the potential pathological mechanisms of Se imbalance in ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Shen
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial, Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chendu, China
| | - Hanmei Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongping Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiumei Ke
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
RIP140-Mediated NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway Promotes Metabolic Dysregulation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5788-5801. [DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the molecular regulation of RPE metabolism remains unclear. RIP140 is known to affect oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by negatively controlling mitochondrial pathways regulated by PPAR-γ co-activator-1 α(PGC-1α). This study aims to disclose the effect of RIP140 on the RPE metabolic program in vitro and in vivo. RIP140 protein levels were assayed by Western blotting. Gene expression was tested using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), ATP production, and glycogen concentration assays, and the release of inflammatory factors was analyzed by commercial kits. Mice photoreceptor function was measured by electroretinography (ERG). In ARPE-19 cells, RIP140 overexpression changed the expression of the key metabolic genes and lipid processing genes, inhibited mitochondrial ATP production, and enhanced glycogenesis. Moreover, RIP140 overexpression promoted the translocation of NF-κB and increased the expression and production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in ARPE-19 cells. Importantly, we also observed the overexpression of RIP140 through adenovirus delivery in rat retinal cells, which significantly decreased the amplitude of the a-wave and b-wave measured by ERG assay. Therapeutic strategies that modulate the activity of RIP140 could have clinical utility for the treatment of AMD in terms of preventing RPE degeneration.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen X, Wang Y, Wang JN, Cao QC, Sun RX, Zhu HJ, Zhang YR, Ji JD, Liu QH. m6A modification of circSPECC1 suppresses RPE oxidative damage and maintains retinal homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
33
|
HTRA1 Regulates Subclinical Inflammation and Activates Proangiogenic Response in the Retina and Choroid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810206. [PMID: 36142120 PMCID: PMC9499640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) has been identified as a disease-susceptibility gene for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including polypoidal choroidal neovasculopathy (PCV). We characterized the underlying phenotypic changes of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing ubiquitous CAG promoter (CAG-HtrA1 Tg). In vivo imaging modalities and histopathology were performed to investigate the possible neovascularization, drusen formation, and infiltration of macrophages. Subretinal white material deposition and scattered white-yellowish retinal foci were detected on CFP [(Tg—33% (20/60) and wild-type (WT)—7% (1/15), p < 0.05]. In 40% (4/10) of the CAG-HtrA1 Tg retina, ICGA showed punctate hyperfluorescent spots. There was no leakage on FFA and OCTA failed to confirm vascular flow signals from the subretinal materials. Increased macrophages and RPE cell migrations were noted from histopathological sections. Monocyte subpopulations were increased in peripheral blood in the CAG-HtrA1 Tg mice (p < 0.05). Laser induced CNV in the CAG-HtrA1 Tg mice and showed increased leakage from CNV compared to WT mice (p < 0.05). Finally, choroidal explants of the old CAG-HtrA1 Tg mice demonstrated an increased area of sprouting (p < 0.05). Signs of subclinical inflammation was observed in CAG-HtrA1 Tg mice. Such subclinical inflammation may have resulted in increased RPE cell activation and angiogenic potential.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ren C, Yu J. Potential gene identification and pathway crosstalk analysis of age-related macular degeneration. Front Genet 2022; 13:992328. [PMID: 36147504 PMCID: PMC9486309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.992328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent visual disorder among the elderly, is confirmed as a multifactorial disease. Studies demonstrated that genetic factors play an essential role in its pathogenesis. Our study aimed to make a relatively comprehensive study about biological functions of AMD related genes and crosstalk of their enriched pathways. 1691 AMD genetic studies were reviewed, GO enrichment and pathway crosstalk analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological features of these genes and to demonstrate the pathways that these genes participate. Moreover, we identified novel AMD-specific genes using shortest path algorithm in the context of human interactome. We retrieved 176 significantly AMD-related genes. GO results showed that the most significant term in each of these three GO categories was: signaling receptor binding (PBH = 4.835 × 10−7), response to oxygen-containing compound (PBH = 2.764 × 10−21), and extracellular space (PBH = 2.081 × 10−19). The pathway enrichment analysis showed that complement pathway is the most enriched. The pathway crosstalk study showed that the pathways could be divided into two main modules. These two modules were connected by cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. 42 unique genes potentially participating AMD development were obtained. The aberrant expression of the mRNA of FASN and LRP1 were validated in AMD cell and mouse models. Collectively, our study carried out a comprehensive analysis based on genetic association study of AMD and put forward several evidence-based genes for future study of AMD.
Collapse
|
35
|
Peavey J, Parmar VM, Malek G. Nuclear Receptor Atlases of Choroidal Tissues Reveal Candidate Receptors Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:2386. [PMID: 35954227 PMCID: PMC9367936 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is a vulnerable tissue site in the eye, impacted in several blinding diseases including age related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of central vision loss in the aging population. Choroidal thinning and choriocapillary dropout are features of the early form of AMD, and endothelial dysfunction and vascular changes are primary characteristics of the neovascular clinical sub-type of AMD. Given the importance, the choroidal endothelium and outer vasculature play in supporting visual function, a better understanding of baseline choroidal signaling pathways engaged in tissue and cellular homeostasis is needed. Nuclear receptors are a large family of transcription factors responsible for maintaining various cellular processes during development, aging and disease. Herein we developed a comprehensive nuclear receptor atlas of human choroidal endothelial cells and freshly isolated choroidal tissue by examining the expression levels of all members of this transcription family using quantitative real time PCR. Given the close relationship between the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), this data was cross-referenced with the expression profile of nuclear receptors in human RPE cells, to discover potential overlap versus cell-specific nuclear receptor expression. Finally, to identify candidate receptors that may participate in the pathobiology of AMD, we cataloged nuclear receptor expression in a murine model of wet AMD, from which we discovered a subset of nuclear receptors differentially regulated following neovascularization. Overall, these databases serve as useful resources establishing the influence of nuclear receptor signaling pathways on the outer vascular tissue of the eye, while providing a list of receptors, for more focused investigations in the future, to determine their suitability as potential therapeutic targets for diseases, in which the choroid is affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Peavey
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Vipul M. Parmar
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mei L, Yu M, Liu Y, Weh E, Pawar M, Li L, Besirli CG, Schwendeman AA. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles delivering rapamycin for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102571. [PMID: 35623563 PMCID: PMC10655893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) and rapamycin (Rap) have both been shown to be potential treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The low aqueous solubility of Rap, however, limits its therapeutic utility. Here we used an Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide and phospholipid-based sHDL for the intravitreal delivery of Rap. By incorporation of Rap in sHDL nanoparticles (sHDL-Rap), we achieve 125-fold increase in drug aqueous concentration. When applied in vitro to retinal pigment epithelium cells, sHDL-Rap exhibited the abilities to efflux cholesterol, neutralize endotoxin, and suppress NF-κB activation. As an mTOR inhibitor, Rap induced autophagy and inhibited NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling. Additionally, a greater reduction in lipofuscin accumulation and increased anti-inflammatory effects were achieved by sHDL-Rap relative to free drug or sHDL alone. In vivo studies demonstrated that sHDL reached the target retina pigment epithelium (RPE) layer following intravitreal administration in rats. These results suggest that sHDL-Rap holds potential as a treatment for AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Eric Weh
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Mercy Pawar
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Anna A Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Urbańska K, Stępień PW, Nowakowska KN, Stefaniak M, Osial N, Chorągiewicz T, Toro MD, Nowomiejska K, Rejdak R. The Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147761. [PMID: 35887109 PMCID: PMC9319652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease causing damage to the macular region of the retina where most of the photoreceptors responsible for central visual acuity are located. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate genes by silent post-transcriptional gene expressions. Previous studies have shown that changes in specific miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases, including AMD. Altered expressions of miRNAs are related to disturbances of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, which are known factors in the pathogenesis of AMD. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA is involved in drusen formation. Thus, miRNAs may be used as potential molecular biomarkers for the disease and, furthermore, tailoring therapeutics to particular disturbances in miRNAs may, in the future, offer hope to prevent irreversible vision loss. In this review, we clarify the current state of knowledge about the influence of miRNA on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AMD. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases using “Age-related macular degeneration”, “miRNA”, “AMD biomarkers”, “miRNA therapeutics” and “AMD pathogenesis” as keywords. Paper search was limited to articles published from 2011 to date. In the section “Retinal, circulating and vitreous body miRNAs found in human studies”, we limited the search to studies with patients published in 2016–2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Piotr Witold Stępień
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Natalia Nowakowska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Martyna Stefaniak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Natalia Osial
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Nowomiejska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lewandowski D, Sander CL, Tworak A, Gao F, Xu Q, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Dynamic lipid turnover in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium throughout life. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 89:101037. [PMID: 34971765 PMCID: PMC10361839 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor interphase is renewed each day in a stunning display of cellular interdependence. While photoreceptors use photosensitive pigments to convert light into electrical signals, the RPE supports photoreceptors in their function by phagocytizing shed photoreceptor tips, regulating the blood retina barrier, and modulating inflammatory responses, as well as regenerating the 11-cis-retinal chromophore via the classical visual cycle. These processes involve multiple protein complexes, tightly regulated ligand-receptors interactions, and a plethora of lipids and protein-lipids interactions. The role of lipids in maintaining a healthy interplay between the RPE and photoreceptors has not been fully delineated. In recent years, novel technologies have resulted in major advancements in understanding several facets of this interplay, including the involvement of lipids in phagocytosis and phagolysosome function, nutrient recycling, and the metabolic dependence between the two cell types. In this review, we aim to integrate the complex role of lipids in photoreceptor and RPE function, emphasizing the dynamic exchange between the cells as well as discuss how these processes are affected in aging and retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lewandowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L Sander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Tworak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qianlan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xie L, Gu Q, Wu X, Yin L. Activation of LXRs Reduces Oxysterol Lipotoxicity in RPE Cells by Promoting Mitochondrial Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122473. [PMID: 35745203 PMCID: PMC9227277 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative form of blindness in older adults, are lacking. Genome-wide association studies have identified lipid metabolism and inflammation as AMD-associated pathogenic changes. Liver X receptors (LXRs) play a critical role in intracellular homeostases, such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. However, its specific role in AMD and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipotoxicity in human retinal pigmental epithelial (ARPE-19) cells and evaluated how LXRs reduce 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) lipotoxicity in RPE cells using models, both in vivo and in vitro. A decrease in oxidative lipid accumulation was observed in mouse retinas following the activation of the LXRs; this result was also confirmed in cell experiments. At the same time, LXRs activation reduced RPE cell apoptosis induced by oxysterols. We found that oxysterols decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in ARPE-19 cells, while LXR agonists counteracted these effects. In cultured ARPE-19 cells, activating LXRs reduced p62, mTOR, and LC3I/II levels, and the knockdown of LXRs elevated the expression of these proteins, indicating that activating LXRs could boost mitophagy. The findings of this study suggest LXR-active pharmaceuticals as a potential therapeutic target for dry AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.X.); (Q.G.); (X.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.X.); (Q.G.); (X.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xingwei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.X.); (Q.G.); (X.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lili Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (L.X.); (Q.G.); (X.W.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-8581-9498
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sterling JK, Baumann B, Foshe S, Voigt A, Guttha S, Alnemri A, McCright SJ, Li M, Zauhar RJ, Montezuma SR, Kapphahn RJ, Chavali VRM, Hill DA, Ferrington DA, Stambolian D, Mullins RF, Merrick D, Dunaief JL. Inflammatory adipose activates a nutritional immunity pathway leading to retinal dysfunction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110942. [PMID: 35705048 PMCID: PMC9248858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among Americans over 50, is characterized by dysfunction and death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The RPE accumulates iron in AMD, and iron overload triggers RPE cell death in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of RPE iron accumulation in AMD is unknown. We show that high-fat-diet-induced obesity, a risk factor for AMD, drives systemic and local inflammatory circuits upregulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β upregulates RPE iron importers and downregulates iron exporters, causing iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction. We term this maladaptive, chronic activation of a nutritional immunity pathway the cellular iron sequestration response (CISR). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of choroid and retina from human donors revealed that hallmarks of this pathway are present in AMD microglia and macrophages. Together, these data suggest that inflamed adipose tissue, through the CISR, can lead to RPE pathology in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Sterling
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bailey Baumann
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra Foshe
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samyuktha Guttha
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahab Alnemri
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam J McCright
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randy J Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra R Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Keeling E, Lynn SA, Koh YM, Scott JA, Kendall A, Gatherer M, Page A, Cagampang FR, Lotery AJ, Ratnayaka JA. A High Fat "Western-style" Diet Induces AMD-Like Features in Wildtype Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100823. [PMID: 35306732 PMCID: PMC9287010 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scope The intake of a “Western‐style” diet rich in fats is linked with developing retinopathies including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Wildtype mice are given a high fat diet (HFD) to determine how unhealthy foods can bring about retinal degeneration. Methods and results Following weaning, female C57BL/6 mice are maintained on standard chow (7% kcal fat, n = 29) or a HFD (45% kcal fat, n = 27) for 12 months. Animals were sacrificed following electroretinography (ERG) and their eyes analyzed by histology, confocal immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. HFD mice become obese, but showed normal retinal function compared to chow‐fed controls. However, diminished β3tubulin labeling of retinal cross‐sections indicated fewer/damaged neuronal processes in the inner plexiform layer. AMD‐linked proteins clusterin and TIMP3 accumulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BrM). Neutral lipids also deposited in the outer retinae of HFD mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed disorganized photoreceptor outer segments, collapsed/misaligned RPE microvilli, vacuoles, convoluted basolateral RPE infolds and BrM changes. Basal laminar‐like deposits were also present alongside abnormal choroidal endothelial cells. Conclusions We show that prolonged exposure to an unhealthy “Western‐style” diet alone can recapitulate early‐intermediate AMD‐like features in wildtype mice, highlighting the importance of diet and nutrition in the etiology of sight‐loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Keeling
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Savannah A Lynn
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yen Min Koh
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jenny A Scott
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Aaron Kendall
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Maureen Gatherer
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anton Page
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton, MP12, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Y, Coorey NJ, Zhang M, Zeng S, Madigan MC, Zhang X, Gillies MC, Zhu L, Zhang T. Metabolism Dysregulation in Retinal Diseases and Related Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050942. [PMID: 35624805 PMCID: PMC9137684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human retina, which is part of the central nervous system, has exceptionally high energy demands that requires an efficient metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Dysregulation of retinal metabolism disrupts local energy supply and redox balance, contributing to the pathogenesis of diverse retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inherited retinal degenerations, and Macular Telangiectasia. A better understanding of the contribution of dysregulated metabolism to retinal diseases may provide better therapeutic targets than we currently have.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China;
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
| | | | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China;
- Macular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (T.Z.)
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Michele C. Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China;
- Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Study Group, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Mark C. Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (S.Z.); (M.C.M.); (M.C.G.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (T.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Xia Q, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Regulations of Retinal Inflammation: Focusing on Müller Glia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898652. [PMID: 35573676 PMCID: PMC9091449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation underlies multiple prevalent retinal diseases. While microglia are one of the most studied cell types regarding retinal inflammation, growing evidence shows that Müller glia play critical roles in the regulation of retinal inflammation. Müller glia express various receptors for cytokines and release cytokines to regulate inflammation. Müller glia are part of the blood-retinal barrier and interact with microglia in the inflammatory responses. The unique metabolic features of Müller glia in the retina makes them vital for retinal homeostasis maintenance, regulating retinal inflammation by lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, iron metabolism, trophic factors, and antioxidants. miRNAs in Müller glia regulate inflammatory responses via different mechanisms and potentially regulate retinal regeneration. Novel therapies are explored targeting Müller glia for inflammatory retinal diseases treatment. Here we review new findings regarding the roles of Müller glia in retinal inflammation and discuss the related novel therapies for retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Meixia Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ren J, Ren A, Deng X, Huang Z, Jiang Z, Li Z, Gong Y. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites Regulate Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:865-880. [PMID: 35173457 PMCID: PMC8842733 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease, whose incidence strongly increases with ages. The etiology of AMD is complex, including aging, abnormal lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential for ocular structures and functions. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of LCPUFA on inflammation in AMD. LCPUFA are related to aging, autophagy and chronic inflammation. They are metabolized to pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites by various enzymes. These metabolites stimulate inflammation in response to oxidative stress, causing innate and acquired immune responses. This review also discusses the possible clinical applications, which provided novel targets for the prevention and treatment of AMD and other age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Gong; Zhi Li, Tel +86 27 6781 1461; +86 27 6781 2622, Fax +86 27 6781 1471; +86 27 6781 3133, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Coronado BNL, da Cunha FBS, de Oliveira RM, Nóbrega ODT, Ricart CAO, Fontes W, de Sousa MV, de Ávila MP, Martins AMA. Novel Possible Protein Targets in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Pilot Study Experiment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:692272. [PMID: 35155457 PMCID: PMC8828634 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.692272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is among the world's leading causes of blindness. In its neovascular form (nAMD), around 25% of patients present further anatomical and visual deterioration due to persistence of neovascular activity, despite gold-standard treatment protocols using intravitreal anti-VEGF medications. Thus, to comprehend, the molecular pathways that drive choroidal neoangiogenesis, associated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are important steps to elucidate the mechanistic events underneath the disease development. This is a pilot study, a prospective, translational experiment, in a real-life context aiming to evaluate the protein profiles of the aqueous humor of 15 patients divided into three groups: group 1, composed of patients with nAMD, who demonstrated a good response to anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during follow-up (good responsive); group 2, composed of patients with anti-VEGF-resistant nAMD, who demonstrated choroidal neovascularization activity during follow-up (poor/non-responsive); and group 3, composed of control patients without systemic diseases or signs of retinopathy. For proteomic characterization of the groups, mass spectrometry (label-free LC-MS/MS) was used. A total of 2,336 proteins were identified, of which 185 were distinctly regulated and allowed the differentiation of the clinical conditions analyzed. Among those, 39 proteins, including some novel ones, were analyzed as potential disease effectors through their pathophysiological implications in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, complement system, inflammatory pathways, and angiogenesis. So, this study suggests the participation of other promising biomarkers in neovascular AMD, in addition to the known VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nobre Lins Coronado
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, CESMAC University Center, Maceio, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno Nobre Lins Coronado
| | | | - Raphaela Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Maria Araújo Martins
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University Center of Brasilia (UniCEUB), Brasilia, Brazil
- Aline Maria Araújo Martins
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yuan TH, Yue ZS, Zhang GH, Wang L, Dou GR. Beyond the Liver: Liver-Eye Communication in Clinical and Experimental Aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:823277. [PMID: 35004861 PMCID: PMC8740136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.823277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between organs participates in the regulation of body homeostasis under physiological conditions and the progression and adaptation of diseases under pathological conditions. The communication between the liver and the eyes has been received more and more attention. In this review, we summarized some molecular mediators that can reflect the relationship between the liver and the eye, and then extended the metabolic relationship between the liver and the eye. We also summarized some typical diseases and phenotypes that have been able to reflect the liver-eye connection in the clinic, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The close connection between the liver and the eye is reflected through multiple pathways such as metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, we presented the connection between the liver and the eye in traditional Chinese medicine, and introduced the fact that artificial intelligence may use the close connection between the liver and the eye to help us solve some practical clinical problems. Paying attention to liver-eye communication will help us have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of certain communication between liver diseases and eyes, and provide new ideas for their potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of The Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Heng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liao CH, Tseng CL, Lin SL, Liang CL, Juo SHH. MicroRNA Therapy for Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:125-132. [PMID: 34962143 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We tested the role of microRNA-328 in dry eye disease (DED). Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has been used to induce DED in animal models. We first demonstrated that both BAC and hyperosmotic stress induced overexpression of miR-328 in corneal cells and then tested whether anti-miR-328 could be a new therapy. Methods: BAC was instilled to both eyes of 41 rabbits and 19 mice from day 0 to 21 to induce DED. Animals of each species were divided to receive topical instillation of saline or anti-miR-328 eye drops between day 8 and 21. The DED signs were assessed by corneal fluorescein staining, histological examination, apoptosis of corneal cells, and inflammatory cytokines in rabbit eyes. For mice, only corneal fluorescein staining was assessed for the therapeutic effects. The corneal fluorescein staining scores ranged from 0 of no staining to 4 of coalescent. Results: For the rabbits, the staining score was significantly reduced (P = 0.038) after the 14-day anti-miR-328 treatment (n = 42 eyes), but the score was not improved by saline treatment (n = 40 eyes). Furthermore, rabbit eyes treated with anti-miR-328 had thicker corneal epithelium (P = 9.4 × 10-5), fewer apoptotic cells in corneal epithelium (P = 0.002), and stroma (P = 0.029) compared with the saline-treated eyes. Anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline to reduce the block of orifices of Meibomian glands, although such an effect was only marginally significant (P = 0.059). Similarly, anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline in reducing corneal staining in mouse eyes (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-328 may contribute to DED. Anti-miR-328 protects corneal cells and promotes re-epithelialization for DED treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huei Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiun-Long Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ling Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Bright Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Loss of αA or αB-Crystallin Accelerates Photoreceptor Cell Death in a Mouse Model of P23H Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010070. [PMID: 35008496 PMCID: PMC8744961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRD) are a leading cause of visual impairment and can result from mutations in any one of a multitude of genes. Mutations in the light-sensing protein rhodopsin (RHO) is a leading cause of IRD with the most common of those being a missense mutation that results in substitution of proline-23 with histidine. This variant, also known as P23H-RHO, results in rhodopsin misfolding, initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response, and activation of cell death pathways. In this study, we investigate the effect of α-crystallins on photoreceptor survival in a mouse model of IRD secondary to P23H-RHO. We find that knockout of either αA- or αB-crystallin results in increased intraretinal inflammation, activation of apoptosis and necroptosis, and photoreceptor death. Our data suggest an important role for the ⍺-crystallins in regulating photoreceptor survival in the P23H-RHO mouse model of IRD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Richert E, Papenkort J, von der Burchard C, Klettner A, Arnold P, Lucius R, Brinkmann R, Framme C, Roider J, Tode J. Selective retina therapy and thermal stimulation of the retina: different regenerative properties - implications for AMD therapy. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:412. [PMID: 34847865 PMCID: PMC8630886 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective Retina Therapy (SRT), a photodisruptive micropulsed laser modality that selectively destroys RPE cells followed by regeneration, and Thermal Stimulation of the Retina (TSR), a stimulative photothermal continuous wave laser modality that leads to an instant sublethal temperature increase in RPE cells, have shown therapeutic effects on Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in mice. We investigate the differences between both laser modalities concerning RPE regeneration. METHODS For PCR array, 6 eyes of murine AMD models, apolipoprotein E and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2- like 2 knock out mice respectively, were treated by neuroretina-sparing TSR or SRT. Untreated litter mates were controls. Eyes were enucleated either 1 or 7 days after laser treatment. For morphological analysis, porcine RPE/choroid organ cultures underwent the same laser treatment and were examined by calcein vitality staining 1 h and 1, 3 or 5 days after irradiation. RESULTS TSR did not induce the expression of cell-mediators connected to cell death. SRT induced necrosis associated cytokines as well as inflammation 1 but not 7 days after treatment. Morphologically, 1 h after TSR, there was no cell damage. One and 3 days after TSR, dense chromatin and cell destruction of single cells was seen. Five days after TSR, there were signs of migration and proliferation. In contrast, 1 h after SRT a defined necrotic area within the laser spot was seen. This lesion was closed over days by migration and proliferation of adjacent cells. CONCLUSIONS SRT induces RPE cell death, followed by regeneration within a few days. It is accompanied by necrosis induced inflammation, RPE proliferation and migration. TSR does not induce immediate RPE cell death; however, migration and mitosis can be seen a few days after laser irradiation, not accompanied by necrosis-associated inflammation. Both might be a therapeutic option for the treatment of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Richert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Papenkort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus von der Burchard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Institute of Anatomy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Brinkmann
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Roider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Tode
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Landowski M, Bowes Rickman C. Targeting Lipid Metabolism for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights from Preclinical Mouse Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:3-32. [PMID: 34788573 PMCID: PMC8817708 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the world with limited therapeutic interventions. Histological, biochemical, genetic, and epidemiological studies strongly implicate dysregulated lipid metabolism in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in AMD pathobiology. However, effective therapies targeting lipid metabolism still need to be identified and developed for this blinding disease. To test lipid metabolism-targeting therapies, preclinical AMD mouse models are needed to establish therapeutic efficacy and the role of lipid metabolism in the development of AMD-like pathology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current AMD mouse models available to researchers that could be used to provide preclinical evidence supporting therapies targeting lipid metabolism for AMD. Based on previous studies of AMD mouse models, we discuss strategies to modulate lipid metabolism as well as examples of studies evaluating lipid-targeting therapeutics to restore lipid processing in the RPE. The use of AMD mouse models may lead to worthy lipid-targeting candidate therapies for clinical trials to prevent the blindness caused by AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|