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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Quiete S, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Kasperczyk S, Vendemiale G. Sarcopenia Is Associated with Changes in Circulating Markers of Antioxidant/Oxidant Balance and Innate Immune Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1992. [PMID: 38001845 PMCID: PMC10669556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The involvement of redox balance alterations and innate immunity is suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. This investigation aimed to define and relate modifications in circulating markers of redox homeostasis and the innate immune response in human sarcopenia. (2) Methods: A total of 32 subjects aged >65 years old and affected by sarcopenia according to the second "European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people" guidelines were compared with 40 non-sarcopenic age-matched controls. To assess systemic redox homeostasis, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) blood glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)- and 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts were measured. Immune cells and circulating interleukins were determined to compare the innate immune response between both groups. (3) Results: Impaired redox balance in sarcopenic patients, characterized by a high blood GSSG/GSH ratio and plasma MDA/HNE-protein adducts, was sustained by reduced antioxidants in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, sarcopenic patients showed higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with respect to non-sarcopenic patients. Linear regression analysis resulted in a strong association between redox balance and immune response markers in the sarcopenic group. (4) Conclusions: These results support the interplay between redox homeostasis alteration and disruption of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.L.B.); (S.Q.); (G.V.)
| | - Aurelio Lo Buglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.L.B.); (S.Q.); (G.V.)
| | - Stefano Quiete
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.L.B.); (S.Q.); (G.V.)
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.L.B.); (S.Q.); (G.V.)
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Antioxidant Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Supplement Incorporating Pinus massoniana Bark Extract in Healthy Older Adults: A Two-Arm, Parallel Group, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081560. [PMID: 36009279 PMCID: PMC9405161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key physiological phenomenon underpinning the ageing process and plays a major developmental role in age-associated chronic diseases. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of a polyphenol-rich dietary supplement containing Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) in healthy older adults. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants were randomised (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive a 50 mL/day dietary supplement containing placebo (0 mg PMBE) or PMBE (1322 mg PMBE) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was fasting plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and secondary outcomes were plasma inflammatory markers. MDA concentrations significantly reduced following PMBE for 6 weeks (−1.19 nmol/mL, 95%CI −1.62, −0.75, p < 0.001) and 12 weeks (−1.35 nmol/mL, 95%CI −1.74, −0.96, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. MDA did not significantly change after the placebo. MDA levels at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly lower following PMBE compared to placebo (p < 0.001). At 12 weeks in the PMBE group, fibrinogen concentrations significantly reduced (−0.25 g/L, 95%CI −0.39, −0.11; p < 0.0001) and interleukin-6 significantly increased compared to placebo (0.30 pg/mL, 95%CI 0.02, 0.59; p < 0.05). PMBE in a polyphenol-rich dietary supplement reduced oxidative stress in healthy older adults. Further studies are warranted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of PMBE in conditions with heightened oxidative stress, such as osteoarthritis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or other lifestyle related diseases.
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Bai X, Tian W, Yin F, Xiao K, Chen Q, Chai R, Ru A, Li J, Zhu C, Zhao G. Age-specific effect on endogenous oxidative and antioxidative characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle of yak during early postmortem period. Food Chem 2021; 374:131829. [PMID: 34915379 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effects of age on postmortem redox states were investigated in yak muscles. Extended postmortem time reduced the muscle antioxidant capacity and induced oxidation in lipids, myoglobin, and proteins. Compared with older yaks, muscles of younger ones could delay this oxidation process due to lower initial myoglobin content of 30.7%, lipid peroxidation of 42.4%, H2O2 of 41.2%, and intramuscular fat of 65.6% (of 3.66 times higher PUFAs). They also possessed greater antioxidase content/activity, such as phospholipase A2 content of 30.7% and glutathione reductase activity of 50.6%. Muscles exhibited age-specific overall antioxidative characteristics during 72 h postmortem and gradually formed overall oxidative ones after 72 h postmortem with an initial similarity between 2- and 4-year (or 6- and 12-year) on canonical discriminant analyses. The formation of age-specific overall oxidative characteristics can be attributable to the antioxidative specificity of age on canonical correlation analyses. Age-specific redox characteristics required differentiated preference in meat processing and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Feng Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- National Beef Cattle and Yak Industry Technology System Qinghai Yak Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Xining 810016, China
| | - Rong Chai
- National Beef Cattle and Yak Industry Technology System Qinghai Yak Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ang Ru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaozhi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Gaiming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Saporito-Magriñá CM, Musacco-Sebio RN, Andrieux G, Kook L, Orrego MT, Tuttolomondo MV, Desimone MF, Boerries M, Borner C, Repetto MG. Copper-induced cell death and the protective role of glutathione: the implication of impaired protein folding rather than oxidative stress. Metallomics 2019; 10:1743-1754. [PMID: 30311620 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a bioelement essential for a myriad of enzymatic reactions, which when present in high concentration leads to cytotoxicity. Whereas Cu toxicity is usually assumed to originate from the metal's ability to enhance lipid peroxidation, the role of oxidative stress has remained uncertain since no antioxidant therapy has ever been effective. Here we show that Cu overload induces cell death independently of the metal's ability to oxidize the intracellular milieu. In fact, cells neither lose control of their thiol homeostasis until briefly before the onset of cell death, nor trigger a consistent antioxidant response. As expected, glutathione (GSH) protects the cell from Cu-mediated cytotoxicity but, surprisingly, fully independent of its reactive thiol. Moreover, the oxidation state of extracellular Cu is irrelevant as cells accumulate the metal as cuprous ions. We provide evidence that cell death is driven by the interaction of cuprous ions with proteins which impairs protein folding and promotes aggregation. Consequently, cells mostly react to Cu by mounting a heat shock response and trying to restore protein homeostasis. The protective role of GSH is based on the binding of cuprous ions, thus preventing the metal interaction with proteins. Due to the high intracellular content of GSH, it is depleted near the Cu entry site, and hence Cu can interact with proteins and cause aggregation and cytotoxicity immediately below the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Martín Saporito-Magriñá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Junin 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Moskalev A, Guvatova Z, Shaposhnikov M, Lashmanova E, Proshkina E, Koval L, Zhavoronkov A, Krasnov G, Kudryavtseva A. The Neuronal Overexpression of Gclc in Drosophila melanogaster Induces Life Extension With Longevity-Associated Transcriptomic Changes in the Thorax. Front Genet 2019; 10:149. [PMID: 30891062 PMCID: PMC6411687 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Some effects of aging in animals are tissue-specific. In D. melanogaster neuronal overexpression of Gclc increases lifespan and improves certain physiological parameters associated with health benefits such as locomotor activity, circadian rhythmicity, and stress resistance. Our previous transcriptomic analyses of Drosophila heads, primarily composed of neuronal tissue, revealed significant changes in expression levels of genes involved in aging-related signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, MAPK, FOXO, Notch, mTOR, TGF-beta), translation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, proteasomal degradation, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, regulation of circadian rhythms, differentiation of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Considering that various tissues age differently and age-related gene expression changes are tissue-specific, we investigated the effects of neuronal Gclc overexpression on gene expression levels in the imago thorax, which is primarily composed of muscles. A total of 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed between thoraces of control and Gclc overexpressing flies. The Gclc level demonstrated associations with expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythmicity, the genes in categories related to the muscle system process and the downregulation of genes involved in proteolysis. Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate. Thus, the transcriptomic changes caused by neuron-specific Gclc overexpression in the thorax were less pronounced than in the head and affected pathways also differed from previous results. Although these pathways don't belong to the canonical longevity pathways, we suggest that they could participate in the delay of aging of Gclc overexpressing flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Zulfiya Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Proshkina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Liubov Koval
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | | | - George Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Long-Term Exercise Protects against Cellular Stresses in Aged Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2894247. [PMID: 29765493 PMCID: PMC5889853 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2894247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of aging and long-term wheel-running on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP), redox regulation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in tibialis anterior (T.A.) and soleus muscle of mice. Male mice were divided into young (Y, 3-month-old), old-sedentary (OS, 24-month-old), and old-exercise (OE, 24-month-old) groups. The OE group started voluntary wheel-running at 3 months and continued until 24 months of age. Aging was associated with a higher thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNiP) level, lower thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) to TxNiP ratio—a determinant of redox regulation and increased CHOP, an indicator of ER stress-related apoptosis signaling in both muscles. Notably, GRP78, a key indicator of ER stress, was selectively elevated in T.A. Long-term exercise decreased TxNiP in T.A. and soleus muscles and increased the TRX-1/TxNiP ratio in soleus muscle of aged mice. Inducible HSP70 and constituent HSC70 were upregulated, whereas CHOP was reduced after exercise in soleus muscle. Thus, our data demonstrated that aging induced oxidative stress and activated ER stress-related apoptosis signaling in skeletal muscle, whereas long-term wheel-running improved redox regulation, ER stress adaptation and attenuated ER stress-related apoptosis signaling. These findings suggest that life-long exercise can protect against age-related cellular stress.
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Wrotek S, Jędrzejewski T, Nowakowska A, Kozak W. LPS alters pattern of sickness behavior but does not affect glutathione level in aged male rats. Biogerontology 2016; 17:715-23. [PMID: 26829940 PMCID: PMC4933742 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral symptoms of sickness, such as fever and motor activity are a coordinated set of changes that develop during infection. The aim of study was to compare the sickness behaviour (SB) in healthy old and young rats treated with pyrogenic dose of endotoxin and to check their glutathione level. Before experimentation male Wistar rats were selected according to standard body mass, motor activity, and white blood cells count. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli was used to provoke SB. The level of liver glutathione, interleukin (IL) -6, deep body temperature (Tb) and motor activity were measured. Glutathione level in old and young rats did not differ significantly. In both young and old rats LPS administration provoked fever (the mean value of Tb was 38.06 ± 0.01 °C in old rats, and 38.19 ± 0.06 °C in young rats). LPS injection affected night-time activity in both groups (12 h averages were 1.56 ± 0.40 counts in old LPS-treated rats vs 2.74 ± 0.53 counts in not-treated old rats and 3.44 ± 0.60 counts for young LPS-treated vs 4.28 ± 0.57 counts for young not-treated rats). The injection of LPS provoked an elevation of plasma IL-6 concentration (from values below the lowest detectable standard in not-treated groups of animals to 6322.82 ± 537.00 pg/mL in old LPS-treated rats and 7415.62 ± 451.88 pg/mL in young LPS-treated rats). Based on these data, we conclude that good health of aged rats prevents decrease in the glutathione level. Old rats are still able to develop SB in response to pyrogenic dose of LPS, although its components have changed pattern compared to young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wrotek
- />Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- />Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska
- />Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesław Kozak
- />Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Long-term dietary supplementation with cystathionine improves tissue glutathione in ageing rats. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:781-5. [PMID: 26514972 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is associated with decrease in tissue glutathione that can be reduced by food fortification with the amino acid cysteine. However, cysteine is not stable in solution and generates bad taste. Cystathionine, the direct precursor of cysteine, could be a valuable alternative. AIMS This study aimed to determine whether long-term dietary supplementation with cystathionine induces an increase in glutathione pools. METHODS Aged rats (20.5-month-old) were fed ad libitum during 29 weeks with either a cystathionine-supplemented diet (7.3 g/kg, n = 90 rats) or a control iso-nitrogenous alanine-supplemented diet (2.9 g/kg, n = 90 rats). RESULTS Cystathionine was detected in the plasma of the cystathionine-supplemented rats but not in the control alanine-supplemented rats. Cystathionine increased glutathione concentrations in liver, small intestine and gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.03). No adverse effect was observed. CONCLUSION Cystathionine supplementation being able to increase moderately glutathione in healthy old rats could be considered as a candidate for nutritional supports aiming to revert the stronger glutathione depletions occurring in unhealthy elderly.
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Yuan J, Zhang Z, Li L, Song W. Resveratrol affects the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase in the kidneys of aged rats. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1762-1766. [PMID: 24926381 PMCID: PMC4043594 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect that a dietary intake of resveratrol (RSV) had on the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) in the kidneys of aged rats. Young, middle-aged and aged rats were each randomly divided into two groups. The control groups were fed a controlled diet and the experimental groups received a controlled diet supplemented with RSV. GCL activity levels in the kidneys were determined. Protein content and relative gene expression levels of the two subunits of GCL were evaluated by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. GCL activity levels significantly increased in the kidneys of aged rats fed the RSV-supplemented diet. In addition, RSV markedly increased the protein content and relative mRNA expression levels of the GCL subunits in the kidneys of aged rats. These observations have important implications for the development of therapeutic agents for the kidneys that may enable the elderly population to combat oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshui Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Song
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
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Permyakov SE, Kazakov AS, Avkhacheva NV, Permyakov EA. Parvalbumin as a metal-dependent antioxidant. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:261-8. [PMID: 24685310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PA) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein of vertebrates massively expressed in tissues with high oxygen uptake and respectively elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To characterize antioxidant properties of PA, antioxidant capacity (AOC) of intact rat α-PA has been explored. ORAC, TEAC and hydrogen peroxide AOC assays evidence conformation-dependent oxidation of the PA. AOC value for the apo-PA 4-11-fold exceeds that for the Ca(2+)-loaded protein. Despite folded conformation of apo-PA, it has AOC equivalent to that of the proteolized protein. The most populated under resting conditions PA form, Mg(2+)-bound PA, has AOC similar to that of apo-PA. ROS-induced changes in absorption spectrum of PA evidence an oxidation of PA's phenylalanines in the ORAC assay. Sensitivity of PA oxidation to its conformation enabled characterization of its metal affinity and pH-dependent behavior: a transition with pKa of 7.6 has been revealed for the Ca(2+)-loaded PA. Since total AOC of PA under in vivo conditions may reach the level of reduced glutathione, we propose that PA might modulate intracellular redox equilibria and/or signaling in a calcium-dependent manner. We speculate that the oxidation-mediated damage of some of PA-GABAergic interneurons observed in schizophrenia is due to a decline in total AOC of the reduced glutathione-PA pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E Permyakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kazakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Avkhacheva
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Eugene A Permyakov
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia
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Vidal K, Breuillé D, Serrant P, Denis P, Glomot F, Béchereau F, Papet I. Long-term cysteine fortification impacts cysteine/glutathione homeostasis and food intake in ageing rats. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:963-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chondrogianni N, Petropoulos I, Grimm S, Georgila K, Catalgol B, Friguet B, Grune T, Gonos ES. Protein damage, repair and proteolysis. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 35:1-71. [PMID: 23107776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Damaged proteins influence several intracellular pathways and result in different disorders and diseases. Aggregation of damaged proteins depends on the balance between their generation and their reversal or elimination by protein repair systems and degradation, respectively. With regard to protein repair, only few repair mechanisms have been evidenced including the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues by the methionine sulfoxide reductases, the conversion of isoaspartyl residues to L-aspartate by L-isoaspartate methyl transferase and deglycation by phosphorylation of protein-bound fructosamine by fructosamine-3-kinase. Protein degradation is orchestrated by two major proteolytic systems, namely the lysosome and the proteasome. Alteration of the function for both systems has been involved in all aspects of cellular metabolic networks linked to either normal or pathological processes. Given the importance of protein repair and degradation, great effort has recently been made regarding the modulation of these systems in various physiological conditions such as aging, as well as in diseases. Genetic modulation has produced promising results in the area of protein repair enzymes but there are not yet any identified potent inhibitors, and, to our knowledge, only one activating compound has been reported so far. In contrast, different drugs as well as natural compounds that interfere with proteolysis have been identified and/or developed resulting in homeostatic maintenance and/or the delay of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Betul Catalgol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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Cumulative 3-nitrotyrosine in specific muscle proteins is associated with muscle loss during aging. Exp Gerontol 2011; 47:129-35. [PMID: 22123430 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational oxidative protein modifications which are more marked during aging and/or high-calorie (HC) diets affect protein function and metabolism. Protein function and metabolism are different according to the type of muscle proteins. Oxidative muscle protein modifications may thus be associated with age-related sarcopenia, and HC may be implicated in the development of sarcopenia by emphasizing protein modifications. Understanding the role of protein modifications in the process of sarcopenia and metabolism associated with a high fat diet may be elucidated by investigations with skeletal muscle protein subfractionations. To study this hypothesis, carbonylated protein (CP) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were measured in mixed, sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein fractions of quadriceps in rats aged 6months (A) and 25months (O) fed a normal calorie (NC) or HC diet for 3months (AN, AH, ON, OH n=7-8). Muscle weight was lower in the older rats (AN: 0.79±0.03g, ON: 0.43±0.12g, P<0.05), but no HC effect was observed. CP did not differ between groups while 3-NT accumulated significantly in ON compared with AN, especially in mitochondria (2.4±0.5, 1.3±0.1, 1.9±0.4, 2.9±1.2 -fold in mixed, sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and mitochondrial fractions respectively, P<0.05). 3-NT in mixed protein was negatively correlated with muscle mass (r(2)=-0.812). 3-NT accumulation during HC was observed only in specific proteins of mitochondria (100kDa) (1.0±0.6, 1.7±0.9, 3.3±1.4 and 7.0±2.5 -fold in AN, AH, ON and OH, respectively, P<0.05). Hence cumulative 3-NT in skeletal muscle protein appears associated with the development of age-related muscle loss. Mitochondrial proteins are more prone to nitration during aging and nutritional stress.
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Mato L, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Tongun T, Piyawatkul N, Yimtae K, Thanawirattananit P, Sripanidkulchai B. Centella asiatica Improves Physical Performance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Elderly Volunteer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:579467. [PMID: 19880441 PMCID: PMC3136695 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, oxidative stress has been reported to contribute an important role in the decline of physical function as age advances. Numerous antioxidants can improve both physical and psychological performances resulting in the increase of health-related quality of life (HQOL). Therefore, we hypothesized that Centella asiatica, a medicinal plant reputed for nerve tonic, strength improvement and antioxidant activity, could improve the physical performance and HQOL especially in the physical satisfaction aspect, of the healthy elderly volunteer. To test this hypothesis, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was performed. Eighty healthy elderly were randomly assigned to receive placebo or standardized extract of C. asiatica at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg once daily for 90 days. The subjects were evaluated to establish baseline data of physical performance using 30-s chair stand test, hand grip test and 6-min walk test. The health-related quality of life was assessed using SF-36. These assessments were repeated every month throughout the 3-month experimental period using the aforementioned parameters. Moreover, 1 month after the cessation of C. asiatica treatment, all subjects were also evaluated using these parameters again. The results showed that after 2 months of treatment, C. asiatica at doses of 500 and 750 mg per day increased lower extremity strength assessed via the 30-s chair stand test. In addition, the higher doses of C. asiatica could improve the life satisfaction subscale within the physical function subscale. Therefore, the results from this study appear to support the traditional reputation of C. asiatica on strength improvement, especially in the lower extremities of the elderly. C. asiatica also possesses the potential to be a natural resource for vigor and strength increase, in healthy elderly persons. However, further research is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugkana Mato
- Department of Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
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15
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Mosoni L, Balage M, Vazeille E, Combaret L, Morand C, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Boutaud O, Marzani B, Papet I, Dardevet D. Antioxidant supplementation had positive effects in old rat muscle, but through better oxidative status in other organs. Nutrition 2010; 26:1157-62. [PMID: 20080031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aged muscle is characterized by a defect in the ability of leucine to stimulate protein synthesis. We showed previously that antioxidant supplementation improved the anabolic response to leucine of old muscle and reduced inflammation. The aim of the present study was to determine if the positive effects observed in muscle could be related to an improvement of local muscle oxidative status. METHODS Two groups of 20-mo-old male Wistar rats were supplemented or not with rutin, vitamin E, vitamin A, zinc, and selenium during 7 wk. We measured body weight, food intake, oxidative status in muscle and other tissues, gastrocnemius muscle proteolytic activities, and liver glutathione metabolism. RESULTS Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on muscle antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activities, and myofibrillar protein carbonyl content and induced an increase in muscle cathepsin activities. In other tissues, antioxidant supplementation increased liver glutathione (reduced plus oxidized glutathione) content, reduced oxidative damage in the liver and spleen (as measured by γ-keto-aldehyde content), and reduced heart thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the positive effects of antioxidant supplementation observed previously on the anabolic response to leucine of old muscle were not directly related to an improvement of in situ muscle oxidative status. It could result from reduced systemic inflammation/oxidative stress. The dialog between muscle and other organs should be studied more thoroughly, especially during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mosoni
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
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16
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Chen CNJ, Brown-Borg HM, Rakoczy SG, Ferrington DA, Thompson LV. Aging impairs the expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase in soleus muscle under stress. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 65:129-37. [PMID: 20018823 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms responsible for the disrupted homeostasis of reduced glutathione (GSH) in aging muscles with stress (14 days of hind-limb unloading [HU]). Adult and old rats were randomized into four groups: weight bearing and 3, 7, and 14 days of HU. Soleus muscles were harvested to investigate the activity or content of enzymes involved in GSH metabolism (utilization and synthesis). The activities of glutathione S transferase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) were determined. The protein content of the two subunits of GCL, catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM), were evaluated. The major results, failure to maintain the accelerated GCLC production and GCL activity, are associated with the GSH depletion in aging muscles with 14 days of HU. The results suggest that the regulation of GCL, especially the catalytic subunit, with stress may be compromised in aging muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Nan Joyce Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Maher P. Modulation of multiple pathways involved in the maintenance of neuronal function during aging by fisetin. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 4:297-307. [PMID: 19756810 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors have been implicated in the age-related declines in brain function. Thus, it is unlikely that modulating only a single factor will be effective at slowing this decline. A better approach is to identify small molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. Over the last few years, we have identified an orally active, novel neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing molecule, the flavonoid fisetin. Fisetin not only has direct antioxidant activity but it can also increase the intracellular levels of glutathione, the major intracellular antioxidant. Fisetin can also maintain mitochondrial function in the presence of oxidative stress. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory activity against microglial cells and inhibits the activity of 5-lipoxygenase, thereby reducing the production of lipid peroxides and their pro-inflammatory by-products. This wide range of actions suggests that fisetin has the ability to reduce the age-related decline in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Feng J, Navratil M, Thompson LV, Arriaga EA. Principal component analysis reveals age-related and muscle-type-related differences in protein carbonyl profiles of muscle mitochondria. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008; 63:1277-88. [PMID: 19126840 PMCID: PMC3038117 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.12.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl-modified proteins are considered markers of oxidative damage caused by oxidative stress, aging, and disease. Here we use a previously developed capillary electrophoretic method for detecting femtomole (10(-15) mole) carbonyl levels in mitochondrial proteins that are size separated and profiled. For protein labeling, carbonyls were tagged with Alexa 488 hydrazine and amine groups in proteins with 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde. Total mitochondrial protein carbonyl levels were statistically higher in fast- than in slow-twitch muscle of young Fischer 344 rats, and statistically higher in old than in young slow-twitch muscle. Even when some statistical comparisons of the total protein carbonyl levels would not reveal differences, principal component analysis (PCA) classified the carbonyl profiles into four distinct sample groups of different age and muscle types. In addition, PCA was used to predict that most age-related or muscle-type-related changes in carbonyl levels occur in proteins with a molecular weight between 9.8 and 11.7 kD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Hudes ML, McCann JC, Ames BN. Unusual clustering of coefficients of variation in published articles from a medical biochemistry department in India. FASEB J 2008; 23:689-703. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Hudes
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joyce C. McCann
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce N. Ames
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
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Murali G, Panneerselvam C. Modulatory Role of Glutathione Monoester in Augmenting Age-Associated Neuronal Antioxidant System. Exp Aging Res 2008; 34:419-36. [DOI: 10.1080/03610730802271906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tresguerres JAF, Kireev R, Tresguerres AF, Borras C, Vara E, Ariznavarreta C. Molecular mechanisms involved in the hormonal prevention of aging in the rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 108:318-26. [PMID: 18252241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous data from our group have provided support for the role of GH, melatonin and estrogens in the prevention of aging of several physiological parameters from bone, liver metabolism, vascular activity, the central nervous system (CNS), the immune system and the skin. In the present work data on the molecular mechanisms involved are presented. A total of 140 male and female rats have been submitted to different treatments over 10 weeks, between 22 and 24 months of age. Males have been treated with GH and melatonin. Females were divided in two groups: intact and castrated at 12 months of age. The first group was treated with GH and melatonin and the second with the two latter compounds and additionally with estradiol and Phytosoya. Aging was associated with a reduction in the number of neurons of the hylus of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and with a reduction of neurogenesis. GH treatment increased the number of neurons but did not increase neurogenesis thus suggesting a reduction of apoptosis. This was supported by the reduction in nucleosomes and the increase in Bcl2 observed in cerebral homogenates together with an increase in sirtuin2 and a reduction of caspases 9 and 3. Melatonin, estrogen and Phytosoya treatments increased neurogenesis but did not enhance the total number of neurons. Aging induced a significant increase in mitochondrial nitric oxide in the hepatocytes, together with a reduction in the mitochondrial fraction content in cytochrome C and an increase of this compound in the cytosolic fraction. Reductions of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were also detected, thus indicating oxidative stress and possibly apoptosis. Treatment for 2.5 months of old rats with GH and melatonin were able to significantly and favourably affect age-induced deteriorations, thus reducing oxidative damage. Keratinocytes obtained from old rats in primary culture showed an increase in lipoperoxides, caspases 8 and 3 as well as a reduction in Bcl2 leading to enhanced number of nucleosomes that was also restored upon treatments with GH and melatonin. In conclusion, GH and melatonin treatment seem to have beneficial effects against age-induced damage in the CNS the liver and the skin through molecular mechanisms reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Abstract
The nature of the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in glutathione (GSH) synthetic capacity is at present unclear. Steady-state kinetic parameters of mouse liver GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, and levels of hepatic GSH synthesis precursors from the trans-sulfuration pathway, such as homocysteine, cystathionine and cysteine, were compared between young and old C57BL/6 mice (6- and 24-month-old respectively). There were no agerelated differences in GCL V(max), but the apparent K(m) for its substrates, cysteine and glutamate, was higher in the old mice compared with the young mice (approximately 800 compared with approximately 300 microM, and approximately 710 compared with 450 microM, P<0.05 for cysteine and glutamate in young and old mice respectively). Amounts of cysteine, cystathionine and Cys-Gly increased with age by 91, 24 and 28% respectively. Glutathione (GSH) levels remained unchanged with age, whereas GSSG content showed an 84% increase, suggesting a significant pro-oxidizing shift in the 2GSH/GSSG ratio. The amount of the toxic trans-sulfuration/glutathione biosynthetic pathway intermediate, homocysteine, was 154% higher (P<0.005) in the liver of old mice compared with young mice. The conversion of homocysteine into cystathionine, a rate-limiting step in trans-sulfuration catalysed by cystathionine beta-synthase, was comparatively less efficient in the old mice, as indicated by cystathionine/homocysteine ratios. Incubation of tissue homogenates with physiological concentrations of homocysteine caused an up to 4.4-fold increase in the apparent K(m) of GCL for its glutamate substrate, but had no effect on V(max). The results suggest that perturbation of the catalytic efficiency of GCL and accumulation of homocysteine from the trans-sulfuration pathway may adversely affect de novo GSH synthesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikran Toroser
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, U.S.A
| | - Rajindar S. Sohal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Prochniewicz E, Thompson LV, Thomas DD. Age-related decline in actomyosin structure and function. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42:931-8. [PMID: 17706387 PMCID: PMC2065766 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of changes in the contractile proteins actin and myosin in age-related deterioration of skeletal muscle function. Functional and structural changes in contractile proteins have been determined indirectly from specific force and unloaded shortening velocity of permeabilized muscle fibers, and were detected directly from site-directed spectroscopy in muscle fibers and from biochemical analysis of purified actin and myosin. Contractile proteins from aged and young muscle differ in (a) myosin and actomyosin ATPase activities, (b) structural states of myosin in contracting muscle, (c) the state of oxidative modifications. The extent of age-related physiological and molecular changes is dependent on the studied animal, the animal's age, and the type of muscle. Therefore, understanding the aging process requires systematic, multidisciplinary studies on physiological, biochemical, structural, and chemical changes in specific muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Prochniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA.
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Kireev RA, Tresguerres ACF, Castillo C, Salazar V, Ariznavarreta C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Effect of exogenous administration of melatonin and growth hormone on pro-antioxidant functions of the liver in aging male rats. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:64-70. [PMID: 17198540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by changes in the morphology and physiology of organs and tissues, such as the liver. This process might be due to the accumulation of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hepatocytes are very rich in mitochondria and have a high respiratory rate, so they are exposed to large amounts of ROS and permanent oxidative stress. Twenty-four male Wistar rats of 22 months of age were divided into three groups. One group remained untreated and acted as the control group. The second was treated with growth hormone (GH) (2 mg/kg/d sc) and the third was submitted to treatment wit 1 mg/kg/d of melatonin in the drinking water. A group of 2-months-old male rats was used as young controls. After 10 wk of treatment the rats were killed by decapitation, and the liver was dissected and homogenized. Mitochondrial, cytosolic and microsomal fractions were obtained and cytochrome C, glutathione peroxidase, s-transferase and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. Aging induced a significant increase in mitochondrial nitric oxide. An increase in cytochrome C in the cytosolic fraction and a reduction in the mitochondrial fraction with age was also observed. Both GH and melatonin treatments significantly reduced the enhanced measures and increased the reduced values. A reduction in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase was found in old control rats when compared with the group of young animals. Treatment for 2.5 months of old rats with GH and melatonin were able to increase the enzymes reaching values similar to those found in young animals. In conclusion, GH and melatonin treatment seems to have beneficial effects against age-induced damage in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kireev
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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25
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Edström E, Altun M, Hägglund M, Ulfhake B. Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in aging-related loss of skeletal muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:663-74. [PMID: 16870627 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.7.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy in many conditions share a common mechanism in the upregulation of the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3-ligases atrophy gene-1/muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1/MAFbx) and muscle ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF1). E3-ligases are part of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway utilized for protein degradation during muscle atrophy. In this study, we provide new data to show that this is not the case in age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). On the contrary, Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in skeletal muscle of 30-month-old rats, and our results suggest that AKT (protein kinase B)-mediated inactivation of forkhead box O 4 (FOXO4) underlies this suppression. The data also suggest that activation of AKT is mediated through the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor, signaling via ShcA-Grb2-GAB. Using dietary restriction, we find that it impedes sarcopenia as well as the effects of aging on AKT phosphorylation, FOXO4 phosphorylation, and Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 transcript regulation. We conclude that sarcopenia is mechanistically different from acute atrophies induced by disuse, disease, and denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Edström
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Neuroscience, A3:4, Stockholm, Sweden 17177.
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López-Diazguerrero NE, Luna-López A, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Zentella A, Königsberg M. Susceptibility of DNA to oxidative stressors in young and aging mice. Life Sci 2006; 77:2840-54. [PMID: 15979101 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The changes that accompany aging may be a result of oxidative damage to DNA that accumulates as a result of aging and age-related illnesses. Furthermore, a higher susceptibility is thought to be more common among elderly than young individuals. In the present study, we examined the severity of DNA damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and H2O2 in cells from young (2 month old) and older (14 month old) mice using both in vivo and in vitro exposures. CCl(4) is known to generate radical oxidative species (ROS) throughout its biotransformation in the liver. Therefore, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxdGuo) was quantified in liver DNA obtained from young and older mice treated with CCl4. In addition, DNA single-strand breaks were measured by the Comet assay in primary lung fibroblasts cultured from young and older mice and treated in vitro with H2O2. Intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial enzyme activity were determined in parallel. 8-oxodGuo levels were significantly higher in older mouse liver DNA than younger, and increased significantly with CCl4 treatment. When the basal DNA damage was subtracted, the net damage was almost equal for both. In addition, untreated cells cultured from older mice had significantly greater levels of strand breaks than cells derived from young mice. H2O2 increased the level of damage in both cell cultures. Our findings indicate that the DNA damage observed in older animals probably results from the accumulation of endogenous damage with age, perhaps due to insufficient repair, which enhances the injury caused by exposure to the toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma E López-Diazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, UAM-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, México, D.F. 09340, México
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Mahlapuu R, Vaher M, Ehrlich K, Kaljurand M, Soomets U. Comparison of the stability of glutathione and related synthetic tetrapeptides by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:796-9. [PMID: 17131291 DOI: 10.1002/psc.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione and related peptides are interesting targets as protectors of biological systems against an oxidative injury. Two novel glutathione analogues, UPF1 and UPF15, have been designed and synthesised. As a result of different reactions taking place, the thiol-containing compounds oxidise to disulfides. In this study, the stability of UPF1, UPF15 and glutathione in various solutions was investigated by using HPLC and CE. The results showed that UPF1 and UPF15 are powerful hydroxyl radical scavengers and their dimerisation process velocity is higher than that of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Mahlapuu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu; National and European Centre of Excellence of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ravila Str. 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Combaret L, Dardevet D, Rieu I, Pouch MN, Béchet D, Taillandier D, Grizard J, Attaix D. A leucine-supplemented diet restores the defective postprandial inhibition of proteasome-dependent proteolysis in aged rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2005; 569:489-99. [PMID: 16195315 PMCID: PMC1464228 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis is dysregulated in ageing in response to feeding. In Experiment 1 we measured rates of proteasome-dependent proteolysis in incubated muscles from 8- and 22-month-old rats, proteasome activities, and rates of ubiquitination, in the postprandial and postabsorptive states. Peptidase activities of the proteasome decreased in the postabsorptive state in 22-month-old rats compared with 8-month-old animals, while the rate of ubiquitination was not altered. Furthermore, the down-regulation of in vitro proteasome-dependent proteolysis that prevailed in the postprandial state in 8-month-old rats was defective in 22-month-old rats. Next, we tested the hypothesis that the ingestion of a 5% leucine-supplemented diet may correct this defect. Leucine supplementation restored the postprandial inhibition of in vitro proteasome-dependent proteolysis in 22-month-old animals, by down-regulating both rates of ubiquitination and proteasome activities. In Experiment 2, we verified that dietary leucine supplementation had long-lasting effects by comparing 8- and 22-month-old rats that were fed either a leucine-supplemented diet or an alanine-supplemented diet for 10 days. The inhibited in vitro proteolysis was maintained in the postprandial state in the 22-month-old rats fed the leucine-supplemented diet. Moreover, elevated mRNA levels for ubiquitin, 14-kDa ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and C2 and X subunits of the 20S proteasome that were characteristic of aged muscle were totally suppressed in 22-month-old animals chronically fed the leucine-supplemented diet, demonstrating an in vivo effect. Thus the defective postprandial down-regulation of in vitro proteasome-dependent proteolysis in 22-month-old rats was restored in animals chronically fed a leucine-supplemented diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nutrition and Protein Metabolism Unit, 63122 Ceyrat, France
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Meynial-Denis D, Verdier L, Mignon M, Leclerc JN, Bayle G, Darmaun D. Does acute glutamine depletion enhance the response of glutamine synthesis to fasting in muscle in adult and old rats? Clin Nutr 2005; 24:398-406. [PMID: 15896426 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In earlier studies, skeletal muscle glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was shown to be enhanced by fasting and glucocorticoids, and inhibited by exogenous glutamine (Gln) supplementation. The current study was designed to determine whether phenylbutyrate (PhiB), a Gln-chelating agent in humans, (1) could trap Gln and produce a decline in plasma Gln in rats, as it does in humans, and (2) if so, whether (Phi)B would further enhance the response of muscle GS activity to fasting in rats. METHODS Adult (6-8 months) and aged (20-21 months) rats were fasted for 5 days and received two doses of 0.5 g(Phi)Bby orogastric route at times 0 and 4 h, and were then sacrificed at 5.5 h. Plasma Gln was measured by enzymatic methods, other amino acids were quantified by amino acid analysis. GS activity was measured in soleus (SO) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. RESULTS (Phi)B treatment was associated with: (1) a 20% decline in plasma Gln concentration from 572+/-54 to 424+/-34 micromol/L (P<0.05) and from 476+/-49 to 360+/-80 micromol/L (P<0.05) in fasted adult and old rats, respectively; and (2) a preservation of GS up-regulation by fasting in TA and SO muscles in both adult and aged rats, with TA muscle GS activities of 198+/-65 vs. 203+/-68 ((Phi)B-treated vs. vehicle-treated, NS), and 244+/-81 vs. 274+/-59 (NS) nmol/h/mg protein in adult and aged rats, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that: (1) large doses of (Phi)B deplete plasma Gln in fasted rats, regardless of age, (2) Gln depletion induced by Phi)B does not alter GS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Meynial-Denis
- Human Nutrition Research Center at Clermont-Ferrand, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nutrition and Protein Metabolism Unit, Theix, 63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
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Brown-Borg HM, Rakoczy SG. Glutathione metabolism in long-living Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:115-20. [PMID: 15664737 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice live significantly longer than their wild type siblings and exhibit elevated antioxidative defenses and reduced oxidative damage. This study was conducted to determine the levels of components of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, degradation and utilization in dwarf and wild type mice. Glutamate-cysteine ligase protein levels were significantly elevated in dwarf liver at 3 and 24 months of age and muscle tissue at all ages examined. In kidney, activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was decreased 42, 30 and 33% in 3, 12 and 24-month-old dwarf mice compared to wild type mice (P<0.0001). In contrast, GSH-S-transferase (GST) activity was markedly elevated (85, 113 and 53%) in kidneys of 3, 12 and 24-month-old dwarf mice (P<0.0001). GGT activity was higher in hearts of young dwarf and wild type mice while GST activity tended to be greater in dwarf mice. Similar to liver and kidney, brain GGT activity was also lower in dwarf mice (P<0.0001). Results of these experiments coupled with previous data provide a mechanism to partially explain the enhanced resistance to oxidative insult and conceivably, the extended longevity of dwarf mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 N. Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Maher P. The effects of stress and aging on glutathione metabolism. Ageing Res Rev 2005; 4:288-314. [PMID: 15936251 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione plays a critical role in many biological processes both directly as a co-factor in enzymatic reactions and indirectly as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer in mammalian cells. Glutathione also provides a critical defense system for the protection of cells from many forms of stress. However, mild stress generally increases glutathione levels, often but not exclusively through effects on glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis. This upregulation in glutathione provides protection from more severe stress and may be a critical feature of preconditioning and tolerance. In contrast, during aging, glutathione levels appear to decline in a number of tissues, thereby putting cells at increased risk of succumbing to stress. The evidence for such a decline is strongest in the brain where glutathione loss is implicated in both Parkinson's disease and in neuronal injury following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Capel F, Buffière C, Patureau Mirand P, Mosoni L. Differential variation of mitochondrial H2O2 release during aging in oxidative and glycolytic muscles in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 125:367-73. [PMID: 15130754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial free radical (ROS) production could be involved in sarcopenia. Our aim was to measure this production in various muscles during aging. Male Wistar rats aged 4.5 and 24 months were used. H(2)O(2) release and protein carbonyls were evaluated in isolated mitochondria from an oxidative (soleus) and a glycolytic (tibialis anterior) muscle. Total and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in tibialis anterior. In soleus, glutamate/malate supported mitochondrial H(2)O(2) release was lower than in tibialis anterior in young rats, but increased significantly with age. In tibialis anterior, glutamate/malate or succinate supported H(2)O(2) release was unchanged with age. ROS generators were complexes I and III. Mitochondrial carbonyl content remained stable during aging in both muscles but tended to be higher in tibialis anterior than in soleus. Tibialis anterior total SOD (+17%), catalase (+84%), and GPX (-17%) activities varied significantly with age but Mn-SOD was unchanged, suggesting an increase in cytosolic ROS production. In conclusion, the higher life-long H(2)O(2) release observed in tibialis anterior is consistent with the known sensitivity of glycolytic muscles to sarcopenia. The fact that the rate of H(2)O(2) release increases with age in soleus seems to have little impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition et Métabolisme Protéique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre INRA de Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, 63122 Theix, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that active hyperemia is reduced in skeletal muscle of old rats due to a decreased bioavailability of prostanoids, which in turn is due to increased oxidative stress. METHODS The microvasculature of the spinotrapezius muscle of 3-, 12-, and 24-month male Sprague-Dawley rats was examined using in vivo videomicroscopy. Arteriolar diameter and centerline red cell velocity were measured in resting and contracting muscle. The effect of prostanoids was examined using indomethacin (10 microM), and passive resting arteriolar diameters were determined using adenosine (100 microM). Lipid peroxidation was assessed ex vivo by measuring tissue levels of malondialdehyde. RESULTS Arteriolar diameters and blood flow in resting muscle did not differ among the age groups, but increases in diameter and flow during muscle contraction in young rats were greater than in the two older age groups. Indomethacin did not affect resting arteriolar diameters and blood flow in 3- and 12-month rats, but significantly decreased both parameters in 24-month rats. Indomethacin had no effect on arteriolar diameter and blood flow responses during muscle contraction in any age group. Passive resting diameters of arterioles were significantly smaller in 12- and 24-month rats than in 3-month rats. Tissue levels of TBARS were not different among the three age groups. CONCLUSIONS Arteriolar tone and blood flow in resting skeletal muscle of rats is not altered with age, whereas the increases in these variables that normally accompany muscle contraction are markedly impaired during aging. Neither cyclooxygenase metabolites nor lipid peroxidation appear to be involved in this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah W Hammer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, 26506, USA.
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