1
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Sailer LL, Haghani A, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Ophir AG, Horvath S. Epigenetic aging studies of pair bonding in prairie voles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17439. [PMID: 39075111 PMCID: PMC11286801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of romantic relationships can predict health consequences related to aging. DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging accurately estimate chronological age. We developed several highly accurate epigenetic aging clocks, based on highly conserved mammalian CpGs, for the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In addition, our dual-species human-vole clock accurately measured relative age and illustrates high species conservation of epigenetic aging effects. Next, we assessed how pair bonding impacts epigenetic aging. We did not find evidence that pair-bonded voles exhibit accelerated or decelerated epigenetic aging effects in blood, ear, liver, or brain tissue. Our epigenome wide association study identified CpGs in five genes strongly associated with pair bonding: Foxp4, Phf2, Mms22l, Foxb1, and Eif1ad. Overall, we present accurate DNA methylation-based estimators of age for a species of great interest to researchers studying monogamy in animals. We did not find any evidence that sex-naive animals age differently from pair-bonded animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Sailer
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caesar Z Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Bandeli M, Mellor EL, Kroshko J, Maherali H, Mason GJ. The welfare problems of wide-ranging Carnivora reflect naturally itinerant lifestyles. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230437. [PMID: 37680500 PMCID: PMC10480699 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Carnivora with naturally small home ranges readily adjust to the evolutionarily new environment of captivity, but wider-ranging species seem prone to stress. Understanding why would advance both collection planning and enclosure design. We therefore investigated which aspects of wide-ranging lifestyles are key. We identified eight correlates of home range size (reflecting energetic needs, movement, intra-specific interactions, and itinerant lifestyles). We systematically assessed whether these correlates predict welfare better than range size per se, using data on captive juvenile mortality (from 13 518 individuals across 42 species) and stereotypic route-tracing (456 individuals, 27 species). Naturally itinerant lifestyles (quantified via ratios of daily to annual travel distances) were found to confer risk, predicting greater captive juvenile losses and stereotypic time-budgets. This finding advances our understanding of the evolutionary basis for welfare problems in captive Carnivora, helping explain why naturally sedentary species (e.g. American mink) may breed even in intensive farm conditions, while others (e.g. polar bears, giant pandas) can struggle even in modern zoos and conservation breeding centres. Naturally itinerant lifestyles involve decision-making, and strategic shifts between locations, suggesting that supplying more novelty, cognitive challenge and/or opportunities for control will be effective ways to meet these animals' welfare needs in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Bandeli
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma L. Mellor
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeanette Kroshko
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia J. Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Tangili M, Slettenhaar AJ, Sudyka J, Dugdale HL, Pen I, Palsbøll PJ, Verhulst S. DNA methylation markers of age(ing) in non-model animals. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4725-4741. [PMID: 37401200 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Inferring the chronological and biological age of individuals is fundamental to population ecology and our understanding of ageing itself, its evolution, and the biological processes that affect or even cause ageing. Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites show a strong correlation with chronological age in humans, and discrepancies between inferred and actual chronological age predict morbidity and mortality. Recently, a growing number of epigenetic clocks have been developed in non-model animals and we here review these studies. We also conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different aspects of experimental protocol on the performance of epigenetic clocks for non-model animals. Two measures of performance are usually reported, the R2 of the association between the predicted and chronological age, and the mean/median absolute deviation (MAD) of estimated age from chronological age, and we argue that only the MAD reflects accuracy. R2 for epigenetic clocks based on the HorvathMammalMethylChip4 was higher and the MAD scaled to age range lower, compared with other DNAm quantification approaches. Scaled MAD tended to be lower among individuals in captive populations, and decreased with an increasing number of CpG sites. We conclude that epigenetic clocks can predict chronological age with relatively high accuracy, suggesting great potential in ecological epigenetics. We discuss general aspects of epigenetic clocks in the hope of stimulating further DNAm-based research on ageing, and perhaps more importantly, other key traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Tangili
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel J Slettenhaar
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Sudyka
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah L Dugdale
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ido Pen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Per J Palsbøll
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Mellor EL, Mason GJ. Feeding, mating and animal wellbeing: new insights from phylogenetic comparative methods. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222571. [PMID: 36855870 PMCID: PMC9975651 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Mellor
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgia J. Mason
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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5
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Landsem TL, Yoccoz NG, Layton-Matthews K, Hilde CH, Harris MP, Wanless S, Daunt F, Reiertsen TK, Erikstad KE, Anker-Nilssen T. Raising offspring increases ageing: Differences in senescence among three populations of a long-lived seabird, the Atlantic puffin. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:774-785. [PMID: 36633069 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Actuarial senescence, the decline of survival with age, is well documented in the wild. Rates of senescence vary widely between taxa, to some extent also between sexes, with the fastest life histories showing the highest rates of senescence. Few studies have investigated differences in senescence among populations of the same species, although such variation is expected from population-level differences in environmental conditions, leading to differences in vital rates and thus life histories. We predict that, within species, populations differing in productivity (suggesting different paces of life) should experience different rates of senescence, but with little or no sexual difference in senescence within populations of monogamous, monomorphic species where the sexes share breeding duties. We compared rates of actuarial senescence among three contrasting populations of the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica. The dataset comprised 31 years (1990-2020) of parallel capture-mark-recapture data from three breeding colonies, Isle of May (North Sea), Røst (Norwegian Sea) and Hornøya (Barents Sea), showing contrasting productivities (i.e. annual breeding success) and population trends. We used time elapsed since first capture as a proxy for bird age, and productivity and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index (wNAO) as proxies for the environmental conditions experienced by the populations within and outside the breeding season, respectively. In accordance with our predictions, we found that senescence rates differed among the study populations, with no evidence for sexual differences. There was no evidence for an effect of wNAO, but the population with the lowest productivity, Røst, showed the lowest rate of senescence. As a consequence, the negative effect of senescence on the population growth rate (λ) was up to 3-5 times smaller on Røst (Δλ = -0.009) than on the two other colonies. Our findings suggest that environmentally induced differences in senescence rates among populations of a species should be accounted for when predicting effects of climate variation and change on species persistence. There is thus a need for more detailed information on how both actuarial and reproductive senescence influence vital rates of populations of the same species, calling for large-scale comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje L Landsem
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Christoffer H Hilde
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Tone K Reiertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjell E Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM Centre, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Effect of Prolonged Serum Storage Time and Varied Temperatures on Biochemical Values in African Savanna Elephants (Loxodonta africana). JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood samples are routinely collected from wild populations in remote locations with limited electricity, minimal diagnostic capabilities, and extreme environmental conditions. Under these conditions, serum samples may be stored for prolonged time under varied temperatures prior to processing, which could affect the ability to interpretation the results. This study’s objective was to evaluate the effects of delayed processing of serum samples and varied storage temperatures on biochemical values in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana). Blood samples were collected from six elephants managed by the North Carolina Zoo. For each elephant, seven red top tubes were collected. One serum sample for each elephant was analyzed on Day 0 (control group). The remaining samples were stored under different temperatures including room temperature (23 °C), refrigeration (2.2 °C), and incubation (32.2 °C), with samples from each temperature group being analyzed on Day 5 and Day 10. Many of analytes (10 out of 18) did not change significantly regardless of storage temperature or time. Refrigeration improved stability in an additional four analytes over prolonged storage. We conclude that if serum is properly separated shortly after collection, many serum biochemical analytes can be accurately measured even after suboptimal serum storage, but refrigeration and prompt evaluation are still required for some analytes.
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7
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Vrtílek M, Žák J, Reichard M. Evidence for reproductive senescence across ray-finned fishes: A review. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.982915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin, incidence, and consequences of reproductive senescence vary greatly across the tree of life. In vertebrates, research on reproductive senescence has been mainly focused on mammals and birds, demonstrating that its variation is largely linked to critical life history traits, such as growth patterns, juvenile, and adult mortality, and reproductive strategy. Fishes represent half of the vertebrate taxonomic diversity and display remarkable variation in life history. Based on a thorough literature review, we summarize current evidence on reproductive senescence in ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). While survival and physiological senescence are acknowledged in fish, their potential age-related reproductive decline has often been disregarded due to the prevalence of indeterminate growth. We demonstrate that age-related reproductive decline is reported across fish phylogeny, environments, and traits. An important point of our review is that the incidence of reproductive senescence in a species depends on both the number of studies for that species and the coverage of its maximum lifespan by the study. Reproductive senescence was documented for one-third of the studied fish species, with females suffering an age-related decline in reproductive traits less often than males or both parents combined. Neither parental care nor migratory strategy corresponded with the occurrence of reproductive senescence in fish. The traits that were affected by reproductive senescence most often were sex-specific, with pre-mating and mating categories of traits declining in females and sperm quality and quantity in males. We also demonstrate that reproductive senescence can be buffered by indeterminate growth. We provide rich evidence of reproductive senescence across ray-finned fishes, but we highlight the need for better data on age-related reproduction in fishes.
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8
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Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Schmidt BR, Azat C, Delgado S, Cunningham AA, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Cayuela H. Variable rate of ageing within species: insights from Darwin’s frogs. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Actuarial senescence, the increase in adult mortality risk with increasing age, is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Although between-species variation in the rate of increase in mortality as organisms age (i.e. ageing rate) is now well documented, the occurrence of variation in ageing rate within a given species remains much more debatable. We evaluated the level of within-species variation in ageing rate in four populations of the southern Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) from Chile. Our results revealed strong among-population variation in ageing rates, and these were correlated with the population-specific generation time. A higher ageing rate occurred in populations where individuals exhibited a faster pace of life. Our results, along with recent studies in evolutionarily distant amphibian species, indicate that there can be substantial within-species variation in the rate of ageing, highlighting amphibians as emerging models to study the patterns and mechanisms of intraspecific variation in ageing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez
- ONG Ranita de Darwin , Ruta T-340 s/n, Valdivia , Chile
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia 5110566 , Chile
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello , República 440, Santiago , Chile
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Info fauna karch, Bâtiment G , Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello , República 440, Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London , Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY , UK
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS , UMR 5558, Villeurbanne F-769622 , France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS , UMR 5558, Villeurbanne F-769622 , France
| | - Hugo Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS , UMR 5558, Villeurbanne F-769622 , France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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9
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Brown TJ, Spurgin LG, Dugdale HL, Komdeur J, Burke T, Richardson DS. Causes and consequences of telomere lengthening in a wild vertebrate population. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5933-5945. [PMID: 34219315 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres have been advocated to be important markers of biological age in evolutionary and ecological studies. Telomeres usually shorten with age and shortening is frequently associated with environmental stressors and increased subsequent mortality. Telomere lengthening - an apparent increase in telomere length between repeated samples from the same individual - also occurs. However, the exact circumstances, and consequences, of telomere lengthening are poorly understood. Using longitudinal data from the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we tested whether telomere lengthening - which occurs in adults of this species - is associated with specific stressors (reproductive effort, food availability, malarial infection and cooperative breeding) and predicts subsequent survival. In females, telomere shortening was observed under greater stress (i.e., low food availability, malaria infection), while telomere lengthening was observed in females experiencing lower stress (i.e., high food availability, assisted by helpers, without malaria). The telomere dynamics of males were not associated with the key stressors tested. These results indicate that, at least for females, telomere lengthening occurs in circumstances more conducive to self-maintenance. Importantly, both females and males with lengthened telomeres had improved subsequent survival relative to individuals that displayed unchanged, or shortened, telomeres - indicating that telomere lengthening is associated with individual fitness. These results demonstrate that telomere dynamics are bidirectionally responsive to the level of stress that an individual faces, but may poorly reflect the accumulation of stress over an individuals lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Hannah L Dugdale
- Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David S Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Nature Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
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Cope H, Ivimey-Cook ER, Moorad J. Triparental ageing in a laboratory population of an insect with maternal care. Behav Ecol 2022; 33:1123-1132. [PMID: 36518633 PMCID: PMC9735237 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parental age at reproduction influences offspring size and survival by affecting prenatal and postnatal conditions in a wide variety of species, including humans. However, most investigations into this manifestation of ageing focus upon maternal age effects; the effects of paternal age and interactions between maternal and paternal age are often neglected. Furthermore, even when maternal age effects are studied, pre- and post-natal effects are often confounded. Using a cross-fostered experimental design, we investigated the joint effects of pre-natal paternal and maternal and post-natal maternal ages on five traits related to offspring outcomes in a laboratory population of a species of burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. We found a significant positive effect of the age of the egg producer on larval survival to dispersal. We found more statistical evidence for interaction effects, which acted on larval survival and egg length. Both interaction effects were negative and involved the age of the egg-producer, indicating that age-related pre-natal maternal improvements were mitigated by increasing age in fathers and foster mothers. These results agree with an early study that found little evidence for maternal senescence, but it emphasizes that parental age interactions may be an important contributor to ageing patterns. We discuss how the peculiar life history of this species may promote selection to resist the evolution of parental age effects, and how this might have influenced our ability to detect senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Cope
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward R Ivimey-Cook
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacob Moorad
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Scherer L, Bingaman Lackey L, Clauss M, Gries K, Hagan D, Lawrenz A, Müller DWH, Roller M, Schiffmann C, Oerke AK. The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship. Zoo Biol 2022; 42:328-338. [PMID: 36074074 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the discussion about zoo elephant husbandry, the report of Clubb et al. (2008, Science 322: 1649) that zoo elephants had a "compromised survivorship" compared to certain non-zoo populations is a grave argument, and was possibly one of the triggers of a large variety of investigations into zoo elephant welfare, and changes in zoo elephant management. A side observation of that report was that whereas survivorship in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) improved since 1960, this was not the case in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We used historical data (based on the Species360 database) to revisit this aspect, including recent developments since 2008. Assessing the North American and European populations from 1910 until today, there were significant improvements of adult (≥10 years) survivorship in both species. For the period from 1960 until today, survivorship improvement was significant for African elephants and close to a significant improvement in Asian elephants; Asian elephants generally had a higher survivorship than Africans. Juvenile (<10 years) survivorship did not change significantly since 1960 and was higher in African elephants, most likely due to the effect of elephant herpes virus on Asian elephants. Current zoo elephant survivorship is higher than some, and lower than some other non-zoo populations. We discuss that in our view, the shape of the survivorship curve, and its change over time, are more relevant than comparisons with specific populations. Zoo elephant survivorship should be monitored continuously, and the expectation of a continuous trend towards improvement should be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Scherer
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David Hagan
- Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann-Kathrin Oerke
- European Elephant Service, Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Bichet C, Régis C, Gilot‐Fromont E, Cohas A. Variations in immune parameters with age in a wild rodent population and links with survival. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9094. [PMID: 35845372 PMCID: PMC9273568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that immune functions do not unidirectionally deteriorate with age but that a potentially adaptive remodeling, where functions of the immune system get downregulated while others get upregulated with age could also occur. Scarce in wild populations, longitudinal studies are yet necessary to properly understand the patterns and consequences of age variations of the immune system in the wild. Meanwhile, it is challenging to understand if the observed variations in immune parameters with age are due to changes at the within-individual level or to selective (dis)appearance of individuals with peculiar immune phenotypes. Thanks to a long-term and longitudinal monitoring of a wild Alpine marmot population, we aimed to understand within- and between-individual variation in the immune phenotype with age, in order to improve our knowledge about the occurrence and the evolutionary consequences of such age variations in the wild. To do so, we recorded the age-specific leukocyte concentration and leukocyte profile in repeatedly sampled dominant individuals. We then tested whether the potential changes with age were attributable to within-individual variations and/or selective (dis)appearance. Finally, we investigated if the leukocyte concentration and profiles were correlated to the probability of death at a given age. The leukocyte concentration was stable with age, but the relative number of lymphocytes decreased, while the relative number of neutrophils increased, over the course of an individual's life. Moreover, between individuals of the same age, individuals with fewer lymphocytes but more neutrophils were more likely to die. Therefore, selective disappearance seems to play a role in the age variations of the immune parameters in this population. Further investigations linking age variations in immune phenotype to individual fitness are needed to understand whether remodeling of the immune system with age could or could not be adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de ChizéCNRS‐La Rochelle UniversitéVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
- Institut für Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland" (Institute of Avian Research)WilhelmshavenGermany
- UMR‐CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie ÉvolutiveUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Corinne Régis
- UMR‐CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie ÉvolutiveUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot‐Fromont
- UMR‐CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie ÉvolutiveUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro SupMarcy‐l'EtoileFrance
| | - Aurélie Cohas
- UMR‐CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie ÉvolutiveUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFrance
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13
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Thermal conditions predict intraspecific variation in senescence rate in frogs and toads. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112235118. [PMID: 34845023 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112235118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in temperature is known to influence mortality patterns in ectotherms. Even though a few experimental studies on model organisms have reported a positive relationship between temperature and actuarial senescence (i.e., the increase in mortality risk with age), how variation in climate influences the senescence rate across the range of a species is still poorly understood in free-ranging animals. We filled this knowledge gap by investigating the relationships linking senescence rate, adult lifespan, and climatic conditions using long-term capture-recapture data from multiple amphibian populations. We considered two pairs of related anuran species from the Ranidae (Rana luteiventris and Rana temporaria) and Bufonidae (Anaxyrus boreas and Bufo bufo) families, which diverged more than 100 Mya and are broadly distributed in North America and Europe. Senescence rates were positively associated with mean annual temperature in all species. In addition, lifespan was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature in all species except A. boreas In both R. luteiventris and A. boreas, mean annual precipitation and human environmental footprint both had negligible effects on senescence rates or lifespans. Overall, our findings demonstrate the critical influence of thermal conditions on mortality patterns across anuran species from temperate regions. In the current context of further global temperature increases predicted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, a widespread acceleration of aging in amphibians is expected to occur in the decades to come, which might threaten even more seriously the viability of populations and exacerbate global decline.
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14
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Bichet C, Moiron M, Matson KD, Vedder O, Bouwhuis S. Immunosenescence in the wild? A longitudinal study in a long-lived seabird. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:458-469. [PMID: 34850397 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies of various vertebrate populations have demonstrated senescent declines in reproductive performance and survival probability to be almost ubiquitous. Longitudinal studies of potential underlying proximate mechanisms, however, are still scarce. Due to its critical function in the maintenance of health and viability, the immune system is among the potential (mediators of) proximate mechanisms that could underlie senescence. Here, we studied three innate immune parameters-haemagglutination titre, haemolysis titre and haptoglobin concentration-in a population of common terns (Sterna hirundo) known to undergo actuarial senescence. We repeatedly sampled birds of known sex and age across 11 years and used random regression models to (a) quantify how immune parameters vary among individuals and (b) describe within-individual age-specific changes in, and potential trade-offs between, immune parameters. Our models revealed no differences between males and females in haemagglutination titre and haptoglobin concentration, and very low among-individual variation in these parameters in general. Within individuals, haemagglutination titre increased with age, while haptoglobin concentration did not change. We found no indication for selective (dis)appearance in relation to haemagglutination titre or haptoglobin concentration, nor for the existence of a trade-off between them. Haemolysis was absent in the majority (76%) of samples. Common terns do not exhibit clear senescence in haemagglutination titre and haptoglobin concentration and show very little among-individual variation in these parameters in general. This may be explained by canalisation of the immune parameters or by the colonial breeding behaviour of our study species, but more longitudinal studies are needed to facilitate investigation of links between species' characteristics and immunosenescence in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR-7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Maria Moiron
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin D Matson
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Vedder
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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15
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Pigeon G, Landes J, Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F. Do Early-Life Conditions Drive Variation in Senescence of Female Bighorn Sheep? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637692. [PMID: 34095112 PMCID: PMC8173223 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of senescence may vary among individuals of a species according to individual life histories and environmental conditions. According to the principle of allocation, changes in mortality driven by environmental conditions influence how organisms allocate resources among costly functions. In several vertebrates, environmental conditions during early life impose trade-offs in allocation between early reproduction and maintenance. The effects of conditions experienced during early life on senescence, however, remain poorly documented in wild populations. We examined how several early-life environmental conditions affected reproductive and survival senescence in wild bighorn sheep. We found long-term effects of high population density at birth, precipitations during the winter before birth, and temperature during the winter following birth that decreased survival after 7 years of age. High temperature during the first summer and autumn of life and high Pacific decadal oscillation decreased reproductive success at old ages. However, harsh early-life environment did not influence the rate of senescence in either survival or reproduction. Contrary to our expectation, we found no trade-off between reproductive allocation prior to senescence and senescence. Our results do show that early-life environmental conditions are important drivers of later survival and reproductive success and contribute to intra-specific variation in late-life fitness, but not aging patterns. These conditions should therefore be considered when studying the mechanisms of senescence and the determinants of variation in both survival and reproductive senescence at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pigeon
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Julie Landes
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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16
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Oosthuizen WC, Péron G, Pradel R, Bester MN, de Bruyn PJN. Positive early-late life-history trait correlations in elephant seals. Ecology 2021; 102:e03288. [PMID: 33481267 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Correlations between early- and late-life performance are a major prediction of life-history theory. Negative early-late correlations can emerge because biological processes are optimized for early but not late life (e.g., rapid development may accelerate the onset of senescence; "developmental theory of aging") or because allocation to early-life performance comes at a cost in terms of late-life performance (as in the disposable soma theory). But variation in genetic and environmental challenges that each individual has to cope with during early life may also lead to positive early-late life-history trait correlations (the "fixed heterogeneity" or "individual quality" hypothesis). We analyzed individual life-history trajectories of 7,420 known-age female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) monitored over 36 yr to determine how actuarial senescence (a proxy for late-life performance) correlate with age at first reproduction (a proxy for early-life performance). As some breeding events may not be detected in this field study, we used a custom "multievent" hierarchical model to estimate the age at first reproduction and correlate it to other life-history traits. The probability of first reproduction was 0.34 at age 3, with most females breeding for the first time at age 4, and comparatively few at older ages. Females with an early age of first reproduction outperformed delayed breeders in all aspects we considered (survival, rate of senescence, net reproductive output) but one: early breeders appeared to have an onset of actuarial senescence 1 yr earlier compared to late breeders. Genetics and environmental conditions during early life likely explain the positive correlation between early- and late-life performance. Our results provide the first evidence of actuarial senescence in female southern elephant seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chris Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.,Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Guillaume Péron
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Roger Pradel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Marthán N Bester
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - P J Nico de Bruyn
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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17
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Lemaître JF, Ronget V, Gaillard JM. Female reproductive senescence across mammals: A high diversity of patterns modulated by life history and mating traits. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111377. [PMID: 33031803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescence patterns are highly variable across the animal kingdom. However, while empirical evidence of actuarial senescence in vertebrates is accumulating in the wild and life history correlates of actuarial senescence are increasingly identified, both the extent and variation of reproductive senescence across species remain poorly studied. Here, we performed the first large-scale analysis of female reproductive senescence across 101 mammalian species that encompassed a wide range of Orders. We found evidence of reproductive senescence in 68.31 % of the species, which demonstrates that reproductive senescence is pervasive in mammals. As expected from allometric rules, the onset of reproductive senescence occurs later and the rate of reproductive senescence decreases with increasing body mass and delayed age at first reproduction. Moreover, for a given pace of life, females displaying a high level of multiple mating and/or with induced ovulation senesce earlier than females displaying a low level of multiple mating and/or with spontaneous ovulation. These results suggest that both female mating behavior and reproductive physiology shape the diversity of reproductive senescence patterns across mammals. We propose future avenues of research regarding the role played by environmental conditions or reproductive features (e.g. type of placentation) on the evolution of reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Victor Ronget
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, F-75016, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Tully T, Le Galliard JF, Baron JP. Micro-geographic shift between negligible and actuarial senescence in a wild snake. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2704-2716. [PMID: 32929717 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While it has long been known that species have contrasted life expectancy (pace of mortality) and generation time (pace of reproduction), recent studies have also uncovered that the shape of adult age trajectories of mortality and reproduction can vary remarkably among species along a continuum of senescence ranging from strong deterioration (senescence), insignificant deterioration (negligible senescence) to improvement with advancing age (negative senescence). As for many long-lived ectotherms with asymptotic growth and increasing reproductive output with age, snakes are good candidates for negligible senescence to occur. Yet, intraspecific variation in the pace and shape of actuarial and reproductive senescence across wild populations of these species remains to be explored. Here, we used 37 years of mark-recapture data in two nearby habitats inside a meadow viper Vipera ursinii population to quantify life expectancies, generation times and the shape of actuarial and reproductive senescence. Female vipers maintained stable reproductive performances at old ages, even when accounting for the predicted increase of fertility with body size, providing evidence for negligible reproductive senescence in both habitats. Males had a higher adult mortality and a shorter life expectancy on average than females and actuarial senescence shifted from negligible senescence in the optimal habitat to strong senescence in the sub-optimal habitat. Overall, these results demonstrate that micro-geographic environmental variation can generate qualitative shifts in actuarial senescence patterns. This highlights that taking into account the within-species plasticity of age-dependent trajectories could prove useful in better understanding what determines the evolution of life-history age trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tully
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, CNRS, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSPE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, CNRS, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département de Biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baron
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, CNRS, iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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19
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Ivimey-Cook E, Moorad J. The diversity of maternal-age effects upon pre-adult survival across animal species. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200972. [PMID: 32781953 PMCID: PMC7575525 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its distribution across animal species is poorly understood. A review of the published literature finds that maternal age affects pre-adult survival in 252 of 272 populations (93%) representing 97 animal species. Age effects tended to be deleterious in invertebrates and mammals, including humans, confirming the presence of senescence. However, bird species were a conspicuous exception, as pre-adult survival tended to increase with maternal age in surveyed populations. In all groups, maternal-age effects became more negative in older mothers. Invertebrates senesced faster than vertebrates, and humans aged faster than non-human mammals. Within invertebrates, lepidopterans demonstrated the most extreme rates of maternal-effect senescence. Among the surveyed studies, phylogeny, life history and environment (e.g. laboratory versus wild populations) were tightly associated; this made it difficult to make confident inferences regarding the causes of diversity for the phenomenon. However, we provide some testable suggestions, and we observe that some differences appear to be consistent with predictions from evolutionary theory. We discuss how future work may help clarify ultimate and proximate causes for this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ivimey-Cook
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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20
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Cayuela H, Lemaître J, Bonnaire E, Pichenot J, Schmidt BR. Population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum predicts intraspecific variation in actuarial senescence. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1069-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Département de Biologie Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université LavalPavillon Charles‐Eugène‐Marchand Québec QC Canada
| | - Jean‐François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 CNRSUniversité Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Eric Bonnaire
- Office National des ForêtsAgence de Verdun Verdun France
| | - Julian Pichenot
- URCACERFECentre de Recherche et Formation en Eco‐éthologie Boult‐aux‐Bois France
| | - Benedikt R. Schmidt
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Umweltwissenschaften Universität Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Info Fauna KarchUniMail, Bâtiment G Neuchâtel Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
Aging, or senescence, is a progressive deterioration of physiological function with age. It leads to age-related declines in reproduction (reproductive senescence) and survival (actuarial senescence) in most organisms. However, senescence patterns can be highly variable across species, populations, and individuals, and the reasons for such variations remain poorly understood. Evolutionary theories predict that increases in reproductive effort in early life should be associated with accelerated senescence, but empirical tests have yielded mixed results. Although in sexually size-dimorphic species offspring of the larger sex (typically males) commonly require more parental resources, these sex differences are not currently incorporated into evolutionary theories of aging. Here, we show that female reproductive senescence varies with both the number and sex ratio of offspring weaned during early life, using data from a long-term study of bighorn sheep. For a given number of offspring, females that weaned more sons than daughters when aged between 2 and 7 y experienced faster senescence in offspring survival in old age. By contrast, analyses of actuarial senescence showed no cost of early-life reproduction. Our results unite two important topics in evolutionary biology: life history and sex allocation. Offspring sex ratio may help explain among-individual variation in senescence rates in other species, including humans.
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22
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Mautz BS, Rode NO, Bonduriansky R, Rundle HD. Comparing ageing and the effects of diet supplementation in wild vs. captive antler flies,
Protopiophila litigata. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1913-1924. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Mautz
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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23
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Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids? J MAMM EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Landes J, Henry P, Hardy I, Perret M, Pavard S. Female reproduction bears no survival cost in captivity for gray mouse lemurs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6189-6198. [PMID: 31236213 PMCID: PMC6580269 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival cost of reproduction has been revealed in many free-ranging vertebrates. However, recent studies on captive populations failed to detect this cost. Theoretically, this lack of survival/reproduction trade-off is expected when resources are not limiting, but these studies may have failed to detect the cost, as they may not have fully accounted for potential confounding effects, in particular interindividual heterogeneity. Here, we investigated the effects of current and past reproductive effort on later survival in captive females of a small primate, the gray mouse lemur. Survival analyses showed no cost of reproduction in females; and the pattern was even in the opposite direction: the higher the reproductive effort, the higher the chances of survival until the next reproductive event. These conclusions hold even while accounting for interindividual heterogeneity. In agreement with aforementioned studies on captive vertebrates, these results remind us that reproduction is expected to be traded against body maintenance and the survival prospect only when resources are so limiting that they induce an allocation trade-off. Thus, the cost of reproduction has a major extrinsic component driven by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landes
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Pierre‐Yves Henry
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
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25
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Sergina SN, Ilyukha VA, Baishnikova IV, Antonova EP. Age-Related Changes in the Tissue Antioxidant System of Canids. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093019010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Cooper EB, Kruuk LEB. Ageing with a silver-spoon: A meta-analysis of the effect of developmental environment on senescence. Evol Lett 2018; 2:460-471. [PMID: 30283695 PMCID: PMC6145406 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines variation between individuals in how they senesce, and are environmental conditions experienced during development relevant to late-life performance? We report a meta-analysis of studies of wild populations to determine how the quality of the environment experienced during development affects rates of survival and reproductive senescence. From studies of 14 bird or mammal species, we calculated effect sizes for the interaction between the effects of environmental quality during development and age in predicting survival (N = 18) or reproduction (N = 30) over time in late life. We found no evidence that developmental environment affected rates of survival senescence (βmean = -1.2 × 10-4 ± 0.022SE). However, a better developmental environment was associated with slower rates of reproductive senescence in late life (βmean = 0.062 ± 0.023SE), indicating a small, but significant, "silver-spoon" effect of early-life conditions that persisted through to late life. Our results illustrate how the effects of environmental conditions during development can persist throughout life, and indicate one possible cause of phenotypic plasticity in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve B. Cooper
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonCanberraACT2601Australia
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27
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Mellor E, McDonald Kinkaid H, Mason G. Phylogenetic comparative methods: Harnessing the power of species diversity to investigate welfare issues in captive wild animals. Zoo Biol 2018; 37:369-388. [PMID: 30058134 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews a way of investigating health and welfare problems in captive wild animals (e.g., those in zoos, aviaries, aquaria, or aquaculture systems) that has great potential, but to date has been little used: systematically comparing species with few or no health and welfare issues to those more prone to problems. Doing so empirically pinpoints species-typical welfare risk and protective factors (such as aspects of their natural behavioral biology): information which can then be used to help prevent or remedy problems by suggesting new ways to improve housing and husbandry, and by identifying species intrinsically best suited to captivity. We provide a detailed, step-by-step "how to" guide for researchers interested in using these techniques, including guidance on how to statistically control for the inherent similarities shared by related species: an important concern because simple, cross-species comparisons that do not do this may well fail to meet statistical assumptions of non-independence. The few relevant studies that have investigated captive wild animals' welfare problems using this method are described. Overall, such approaches reap value from the great number and diversity of species held in captivity (e.g., the many thousands of species held in zoos); can yield new insights from existing data and published results; render previously intractable welfare questions (such as "do birds need to fly?" or "do Carnivora need to hunt?") amenable to study; and generate evidence-based principles for integrating animal welfare into collection planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mellor
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | | | - Georgia Mason
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Mazza V, Eccard JA, Zaccaroni M, Jacob J, Dammhahn M. The fast and the flexible: cognitive style drives individual variation in cognition in a small mammal. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Cheynel L, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Rey B, Bourgoin G, Ferté H, Jégo M, Débias F, Pellerin M, Jacob L, Gilot-Fromont E. Immunosenescence patterns differ between populations but not between sexes in a long-lived mammal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13700. [PMID: 29057949 PMCID: PMC5651810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, physiological mechanisms underlying reproductive and actuarial senescence remain poorly understood. Immunosenescence, the decline in the ability to display an efficient immune response with increasing age, is likely to influence both reproductive and actuarial senescence through increased risk of disease. Evidence for such a link has been reported from laboratory animal models but has been poorly investigated in the wild, where variation in resource acquisitions usually drives life-history trade-offs. We investigated immunosenescence patterns over 7 years in both sexes of two contrasting roe deer populations (Capreolus capreolus). We first measured twelve immune markers to obtain a thorough identification of innate and adaptive components of immunity and assessed, from the same individuals, the age-dependent variation observed in parasitic infections. Although the level of innate traits was maintained at old age, the functional innate immune traits declined with increasing age in one of two populations. In both populations, the production of inflammatory markers increased with advancing age. Finally, the adaptive response declined in late adulthood. The increasing parasite burden with age we reported suggests the effective existence of immunosenescence. Age-specific patterns differed between populations but not between sexes, which indicate that habitat quality could shape age-dependent immune phenotype in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheynel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - J-F Lemaître
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - J-M Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - B Rey
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - G Bourgoin
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - H Ferté
- EA 4688 "VECPAR", UFR Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - M Jégo
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Débias
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier, Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - L Jacob
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Gilot-Fromont
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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30
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Tidière M, Lemaître JF, Douay G, Whipple M, Gaillard JM. High reproductive effort is associated with decreasing mortality late in life in captive ruffed lemurs. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Tidière
- Université de Lyon; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; Villeurbanne France
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31
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Ronget V, Gaillard JM, Coulson T, Garratt M, Gueyffier F, Lega JC, Lemaître JF. Causes and consequences of variation in offspring body mass: meta-analyses in birds and mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1-27. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ronget
- Univ Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Univ Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford OX13PS U.K
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 U.S.A
| | - François Gueyffier
- Univ Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lega
- Univ Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Univ Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
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Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM. Reproductive senescence: new perspectives in the wild. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 92:2182-2199. [PMID: 28374548 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to recent empirical studies, reproductive senescence, the decline in reproductive success with increasing age, seems to be nearly ubiquitous in the wild. However, a clear understanding of the evolutionary causes and consequences of reproductive senescence is still lacking and requires new and integrative approaches. After identifying the sequential and complex nature of female reproductive senescence, we show that the relative contributions of physiological decline and alterations in the efficiency of parental care to reproductive senescence remain unknown and need to be assessed in the light of current evolutionary theories of ageing. We demonstrate that, although reproductive senescence is generally studied only from the female viewpoint, age-specific female reproductive success strongly depends on male-female interactions. Thus, a reduction in male fertilization efficiency with increasing age has detrimental consequences for female fitness. Lastly, we call for investigations of the role of environmental conditions on reproductive senescence, which could provide salient insights into the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of reproductive success. We suggest that embracing such directions should allow building new bridges between reproductive senescence and the study of sperm competition, parental care, mate choice and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Dahlgren JP, Colchero F, Jones OR, Øien DI, Moen A, Sletvold N. Actuarial senescence in a long-lived orchid challenges our current understanding of ageing. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161217. [PMID: 27852801 PMCID: PMC5124088 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dominant evolutionary theory of actuarial senescence-an increase in death rate with advancing age-is based on the concept of a germ cell line that is separated from the somatic cells early in life. However, such a separation is not clear in all organisms. This has been suggested to explain the paucity of evidence for actuarial senescence in plants. We used a 32 year study of Dactylorhiza lapponica that replaces its organs each growing season, to test whether individuals of this tuberous orchid senesce. We performed a Bayesian survival trajectory analysis accounting for reproductive investment, for individuals under two types of land use, in two climatic regions. The mortality trajectory was best approximated by a Weibull model, showing clear actuarial senescence. Rates of senescence in this model declined with advancing age, but were slightly higher in mown plots and in the more benign climatic region. At older ages, senescence was evident only when accounting for a positive effect of reproductive investment on mortality. Our results demonstrate actuarial senescence as well as a survival-reproduction trade-off in plants, and indicate that environmental context may influence senescence rates. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the evolution of demographic senescence and for models of plant population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Petter Dahlgren
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernando Colchero
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Owen R Jones
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dag-Inge Øien
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Moen
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Sletvold
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Carisch L, Müller DWH, Hatt JM, Bingaman Lackey L, Rensch EE, Clauss M, Zerbe P. Seasonal mortality in zoo ruminants. Zoo Biol 2016; 36:74-86. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Carisch
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - E. Eberhard Rensch
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Comparative analyses of longevity and senescence reveal variable survival benefits of living in zoos across mammals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36361. [PMID: 27819303 PMCID: PMC5098244 DOI: 10.1038/srep36361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is commonly believed that animals live longer in zoos than in the wild, this assumption has rarely been tested. We compared four survival metrics (longevity, baseline mortality, onset of senescence and rate of senescence) between both sexes of free-ranging and zoo populations of more than 50 mammal species. We found that mammals from zoo populations generally lived longer than their wild counterparts (84% of species). The effect was most notable in species with a faster pace of life (i.e. a short life span, high reproductive rate and high mortality in the wild) because zoos evidently offer protection against a number of relevant conditions like predation, intraspecific competition and diseases. Species with a slower pace of life (i.e. a long life span, low reproduction rate and low mortality in the wild) benefit less from captivity in terms of longevity; in such species, there is probably less potential for a reduction in mortality. These findings provide a first general explanation about the different magnitude of zoo environment benefits among mammalian species, and thereby highlight the effort that is needed to improve captive conditions for slow-living species that are particularly susceptible to extinction in the wild.
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Lemaître JF, Berger V, Bonenfant C, Douhard M, Gamelon M, Plard F, Gaillard JM. Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150209. [PMID: 25833848 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the process of senescence is nearly ubiquitous in the living world. Senescence patterns are highly variable among species and current evolutionary theories of ageing propose that such variation can be accounted for by differences in allocation to growth and reproduction during early life. Here, we compiled 26 studies of free-ranging vertebrate populations that explicitly tested for a trade-off between performance in early and late life. Our review brings overall support for the presence of early-late life trade-offs, suggesting that the limitation of available resources leads individuals to trade somatic maintenance later in life for high allocation to reproduction early in life. We discuss our results in the light of two closely related theories of ageing-the disposable soma and the antagonistic pleiotropy theories-and propose that the principle of energy allocation roots the ageing process in the evolution of life-history strategies. Finally, we outline research topics that should be investigated in future studies, including the importance of natal environmental conditions in the study of trade-offs between early- and late-life performance and the evolution of sex-differences in ageing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vérane Berger
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Douhard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marlène Gamelon
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Floriane Plard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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37
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Berger V, Lemaître JF, Dupont P, Allainé D, Gaillard JM, Cohas A. Age-specific survival in the socially monogamous alpine marmot (Marmota marmota): evidence of senescence. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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LARSON SAMM, COLCHERO FERNANDO, JONES OWENR, WILLIAMS LAWRENCE, FERNANDEZ-DUQUE EDUARDO. Age and sex-specific mortality of wild and captive populations of a monogamous pair-bonded primate (Aotus azarae). Am J Primatol 2016; 78:315-25. [PMID: 25866126 PMCID: PMC5611823 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In polygynous primates, a greater reproductive variance in males have been linked to their reduced life expectancy relative to females. The mortality patterns of monogamous pair-bonded primates, however, are less clear. We analyzed the sex differences in mortality within wild (NMales = 70, NFemales = 73) and captive (NMales = 25, NFemales = 29) populations of Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae), a socially and genetically monogamous primate exhibiting biparental care. We used Bayesian Survival Trajectory Analysis (BaSTA) to test age-dependent models of mortality. The wild and captive populations were best fit by the logistic and Gompertz models, respectively, implying greater heterogeneity in the wild environment likely due to harsher conditions. We found that age patterns of mortality were similar between the sexes in both populations. We calculated life expectancy and disparity, the latter a measure of the steepness of senescence, for both sexes in each population. Males and females had similar life expectancies in both populations; the wild population overall having a shorter life expectancy than the captive one. Furthermore, captive females had a reduced life disparity relative to captive males and to both sexes in the wild. We interpret this pattern in light of the hazards associated with reproduction. In captivity, where reproduction is intensely managed, the risks associated with gestation and birth are tempered so that there is a reduction in the likelihood of captive females dying prematurely, decreasing their overall life disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAM M. LARSON
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - FERNANDO COLCHERO
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - OWEN R. JONES
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - LAWRENCE WILLIAMS
- Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas
| | - EDUARDO FERNANDEZ-DUQUE
- Department of Anthropology, Yale, New Haven, Connecticut
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Conicet-Argentina, Argentina
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
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39
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Tidière M, Gaillard JM, Müller DWH, Lackey LB, Gimenez O, Clauss M, Lemaître JF. Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants. Evolution 2015; 69:3123-40. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Tidière
- CNRS, UMR5558; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- CNRS, UMR5558; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dennis W. H. Müller
- Zoological Garden Halle (Saale); Fasanenstr. 5a; 06114 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gimenez
- UMR 5175, Modelling and Conservation, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; Campus CNRS; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- CNRS, UMR5558; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; F-69622, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
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40
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Gaillard JM, Berger V, Tidière M, Duncan P, Lemaître JF. Does tooth wear influence ageing? A comparative study across large herbivores. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Hämäläinen A, Dammhahn M, Aujard F, Eberle M, Hardy I, Kappeler PM, Perret M, Schliehe-Diecks S, Kraus C. Senescence or selective disappearance? Age trajectories of body mass in wild and captive populations of a small-bodied primate. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140830. [PMID: 25100693 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (EM) a major factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies of functional ageing focus on species with low EM. This bias may cause overestimation of the influence of senescent declines in performance over condition-dependent mortality on demographic processes across taxa. To simultaneously investigate the roles of functional senescence (FS) and intrinsic, extrinsic and condition-dependent mortality in a species with a high predation risk in nature, we compared age trajectories of body mass (BM) in wild and captive grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) using longitudinal data (853 individuals followed through adulthood). We found evidence of non-random mortality in both settings. In captivity, the oldest animals showed senescence in their ability to regain lost BM, whereas no evidence of FS was found in the wild. Overall, captive animals lived longer, but a reversed sex bias in lifespan was observed between wild and captive populations. We suggest that even moderately condition-dependent EM may lead to negligible FS in the wild. While high EM may act to reduce the average lifespan, this evolutionary process may be counteracted by the increased fitness of the long-lived, high-quality individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Hämäläinen
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany Department of Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Manfred Eberle
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Martine Perret
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Susanne Schliehe-Diecks
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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42
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Bleu J, Herfindal I, Loison A, Kwak AMG, Garel M, Toïgo C, Rempfler T, Filli F, Sæther BE. Age-specific survival and annual variation in survival of female chamois differ between populations. Oecologia 2015; 179:1091-8. [PMID: 26290356 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In many species, population dynamics are shaped by age-structured demographic parameters, such as survival, which can cause age-specific sensitivity to environmental conditions. Accordingly, we can expect populations with different age-specific survival to be differently affected by environmental variation. However, this hypothesis is rarely tested at the intra-specific level. Using capture-mark-recapture models, we quantified age-specific survival and the extent of annual variations in survival of females of alpine chamois in two sites. In one population, survival was very high (>0.94; Bauges, France) until the onset of senescence at approximately 7 years old, whereas the two other populations (Swiss National Park, SNP) had a later onset (12 years old) and a lower rate of senescence. Senescence patterns are therefore not fixed within species. Annual variation in survival was higher in the Bauges (SD = 0.26) compared to the SNP populations (SD = 0.20). Also, in each population, the age classes with the lowest survival also experienced the largest temporal variation, in accordance with inter-specific comparisons showing a greater impact of environmental variation on these age classes. The large difference between the populations in age-specific survival and variation suggests that environmental variation and climate change will affect these populations differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Bleu
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, Bat A, 7ème étage, case courrier 237, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Ivar Herfindal
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Loison
- Université de Savoie, CNRS, UMR 5553 Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France.,LTER "Zone Atelier Alpes", 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne M G Kwak
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Radboud University, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Garel
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), ZI Mayencin, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), ZI Mayencin, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Thomas Rempfler
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Filli
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Bernt-Erik Sæther
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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43
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Chantepie S, Teplitsky C, Pavard S, Sarrazin F, Descaves B, Lecuyer P, Robert A. Age-related variation and temporal patterns in the survival of a long-lived scavenger. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chantepie
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Céline Teplitsky
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- UMR7206 MNHN-CNRS-UPD, Musée de l'Homme; 17 place du Trocadero FR-75016 Paris France
| | - François Sarrazin
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | | | | | - Alexandre Robert
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
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44
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Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH, Nussey DH. Early life expenditure in sexual competition is associated with increased reproductive senescence in male red deer. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0792. [PMID: 25122226 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary theories of senescence predict that investment in reproduction in early life should come at the cost of reduced somatic maintenance, and thus earlier or more rapid senescence. There is now growing support for such trade-offs in wild vertebrates, but these exclusively come from females. Here, we test this prediction in male red deer (Cervus elaphus) using detailed longitudinal data collected over a 40-year field study. We show that males which had larger harems and thereby allocated more resources to reproduction during early adulthood experienced higher rates of senescence in both harem size and rut duration. Males that carried antlers with more points during early life did not show more pronounced declines in reproductive traits in later life. Overall, we demonstrate that sexual competition shapes male reproductive senescence in wild red deer populations and provide rare empirical support for the disposable soma theory of ageing in males of polygynous vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Tim H Clutton-Brock
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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Tidière M, Gaillard JM, Müller DW, Bingaman Lackey L, Gimenez O, Clauss M, Lemaître JF. Males do not senesce faster in large herbivores with highly seasonal rut. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jégo M, Lemaître JF, Bourgoin G, Capron G, Warnant C, Klein F, Gilot-Fromont E, Gaillard JM. Haematological parameters do senesce in the wild: evidence from different populations of a long-lived mammal. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2745-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jégo
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - J.-F. Lemaître
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - G. Bourgoin
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - G. Capron
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - C. Warnant
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - F. Klein
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - E. Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - J-M. Gaillard
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
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Gattiker C, Espie I, Kotze A, Lane EP, Codron D, Clauss M. Diet and diet-related disorders in captive ruminants at the national zoological gardens of South Africa. Zoo Biol 2014; 33:426-32. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gattiker
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ian Espie
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotze
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
- Genetics Department; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Emily P. Lane
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Daryl Codron
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Florisbad Quaternary Research; National Museum; Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Simard A, Huot J, De Bellefeuille S, Côté SD. Influences of habitat composition, plant phenology, and population density on autumn indices of body condition in a northern white-tailed deer population. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Simard
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in integrated resource management of Anticosti Island; Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques; Université Laval; Québec QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- Ministère du Développement durable; de l'environnement; de la Faune et des Parcs; Direction de l'Expertise sur la faune et ses habitats; 880 Chemin Sainte-Foy Québec QC, Canada G1S 4X4
| | - Jean Huot
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in integrated resource management of Anticosti Island; Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques; Université Laval; Québec QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Sonia De Bellefeuille
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in integrated resource management of Anticosti Island; Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques; Université Laval; Québec QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in integrated resource management of Anticosti Island; Département de biologie and Centre d'études nordiques; Université Laval; Québec QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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Lemaître JF, Müller DWH, Clauss M. A test of the metabolic theory of ecology with two longevity data sets reveals no common cause of scaling in biological times. Mamm Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon; F-69000 Lyon France
- CNRS, UMR5558; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; Université Lyon 1; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | | | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstr. 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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