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Zhao J, Jiang Y, Bi Y, Wei J. Antioxidant and Stress Resistance Properties of Flavonoids from Chinese Sea Buckthorn Leaves from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 39061832 PMCID: PMC11273727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our analysis identified a total of 57 flavonoids, mainly flavonol glycosides, from FCL, of which 6 were novel flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were the three most dominant classes of compounds in FCL. In particular, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside emerged as the most abundant compound. Our results showed that FCL possesses potent antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals and demonstrate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels comparable to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant standard. Furthermore, FCL showed remarkable efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism. Mechanistically, we elucidated that FCL exerts its stress resistance effects by modulating of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway (IIS). Activation of these transcription factors orchestrates the expression of downstream target genes including sod-3, ctl-1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6, thus enhancing the organism's ability to cope with stressors. Overall, our study highlights the rich reservoir of flavonoids in Chinese sea buckthorn leaves as promising candidates for natural medicines, due to their robust antioxidant properties and ability to enhance stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.J.)
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2
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Guo W, Fang Y, Hu L, Wang R, Zhao R, Guo D, Qi B, Ren G, Ren J, Li Y, Zhang M. Ablation of Shank3 alleviates cardiac dysfunction in aging mice by promoting CaMKII activation and Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102537. [PMID: 36436456 PMCID: PMC9709154 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis are major contributors for the etiology of cardiac aging, although the precise underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Shank3, a heart-enriched protein, has recently been reported to regulate aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to examine the role of Shank3 in the pathogenesis of cardiac senescence and the possible mechanisms involved. Cardiac-specific conditional Shank3 knockout (Shank3CKO) mice were subjected to natural aging. Mitochondrial function and mitophagy activity were determined in vivo, in mouse hearts and in vitro, in cardiomyocytes. Here, we showed that cardiac Shank3 expression exhibited a gradual increase during the natural progression of the aging, accompanied by overtly decreased mitophagy activity and a decline in cardiac function. Ablation of Shank3 promoted mitophagy, reduced mitochondria-derived superoxide (H2O2 and O2•-) production and apoptosis, and protected against cardiac dysfunction in the aged heart. In an in vitro study, senescent cardiomyocytes treated with D-gal exhibited reduced mitophagy and significantly elevated Shank3 expression. Shank3 knock-down restored mitophagy, leading to increased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced apoptosis in senescent cardiomyocytes, whereas Shank3 overexpression mimicked D-gal-induced mitophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in normally cultured cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, the IP assay revealed that Shank3 directly binds to CaMKII, and this interaction was further increased in the aged heart. Enhanced Shank3/CaMKII binding impedes mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII, resulting in the inhibition of parkin-mediated mitophagy, which ultimately leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac damage in the aged heart. Our study identified Shank3 as a novel contributor to aging-related cardiac damage. Manipulating Shank3/CaMKII-induced mitophagy inhibition could thus be an optional strategy for therapeutic intervention in clinical aging-related cardiac dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Wangang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Yexian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Gaotong Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China,Corresponding author.
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Kałużna E, Nadel A, Zimna A, Rozwadowska N, Kolanowski T. Modeling the human heart ex vivo-current possibilities and strive for future applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:853-874. [PMID: 35748158 PMCID: PMC9796015 DOI: 10.1002/term.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The high organ specification of the human heart is inversely proportional to its functional recovery after damage. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has accelerated research in human heart regeneration and physiology. Nevertheless, due to the immaturity of iPSC-CMs, they are far from being an representative model of the adult heart physiology. Therefore, number of laboratories strive to obtain a heart tissues by engineering methods by structuring iPSC-CMs into complex and advanced platforms. By using the iPSC-CMs and arranging them in 3D cultures it is possible to obtain a human heart muscle with physiological capabilities potentially similar to the adult heart, while remaining in vitro. Here, we attempt to describe existing examples of heart muscle either in vitro or ex vivo models and discuss potential options for the further development of such structures. This will be a crucial step for ultimate derivation of complete heart tissue-mimicking organs and their future use in drug development, therapeutic approaches testing, pre-clinical studies, and clinical applications. This review particularly aims to compile available models of advanced human heart tissue for scientists considering which model would best fit their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kałużna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Nadel
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
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Iakovou E, Kourti M. A Comprehensive Overview of the Complex Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging, The Contributing Environmental Stressors and Emerging Antioxidant Therapeutic Interventions. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:827900. [PMID: 35769600 PMCID: PMC9234325 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.827900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is a normal, inevitable, irreversible, and progressive process which is driven by internal and external factors. Oxidative stress, that is the imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant molecules favoring the first, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of aging and comprises one of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related diseases. However, the oxidative stress theory of aging has not been successfully proven in all animal models studying lifespan, meaning that altering oxidative stress/antioxidant defense systems did not always lead to a prolonged lifespan, as expected. On the other hand, animal models of age-related pathological phenotypes showed a well-correlated relationship with the levels of prooxidant molecules. Therefore, it seems that oxidative stress plays a more complicated role than the one once believed and this role might be affected by the environment of each organism. Environmental factors such as UV radiation, air pollution, and an unbalanced diet, have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of aging and seem to initiate this process more rapidly and even at younger ages. Aim The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the physiology of aging and the effect of certain environmental factors in initiating and sustaining this process. Understanding the pathophysiology of aging will contribute to the development of strategies to postpone this phenomenon. In addition, recent studies investigating ways to alter the antioxidant defense mechanisms in order to prevent aging will be presented. Conclusions Careful exposure to harmful environmental factors and the use of antioxidant supplements could potentially affect the biological processes driving aging and slow down the development of age-related diseases. Maybe a prolonged lifespan could not be achieved by this strategy alone, but a longer healthspan could also be a favorable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripides Iakovou
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Malamati Kourti
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Visioli F, Ingram A, Beckman JS, Magnusson KR, Hagen TM. Strategies to protect against age-related mitochondrial decay: Do natural products and their derivatives help? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:330-346. [PMID: 34890770 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve vital roles critical for overall cellular function outside of energy transduction. Thus, mitochondrial decay is postulated to be a key factor in aging and in age-related diseases. Mitochondria may be targets of their own decay through oxidative damage. However, treating animals with antioxidants has been met with only limited success in rejuvenating mitochondrial function or in increasing lifespan. A host of nutritional strategies outside of using traditional antioxidants have been devised to promote mitochondrial function. Dietary compounds are under study that induce gene expression, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, or replenish key metabolites that decline with age. Moreover, redox-active compounds may now be targeted to mitochondria which improve their effectiveness. Herein we review the evidence that representative dietary effectors modulate mitochondrial function by stimulating their renewal or reversing the age-related loss of key metabolites. While in vitro evidence continues to accumulate that many of these compounds benefit mitochondrial function and/or prevent their decay, the results using animal models and, in some instances human clinical trials, are more mixed and sometimes even contraindicated. Thus, further research on optimal dosage and age of intervention are warranted before recommending potential mitochondrial rejuvenating compounds for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Avery Ingram
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kathy R Magnusson
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tory M Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Mookerjee SA, Gerencser AA, Watson MA, Brand MD. Controlled power: how biology manages succinate-driven energy release. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2929-2939. [PMID: 34882231 PMCID: PMC8786295 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of succinate by mitochondria can generate a higher protonmotive force (pmf) than can oxidation of NADH-linked substrates. Fundamentally, this is because of differences in redox potentials and gearing. Biology adds kinetic constraints that tune the oxidation of NADH and succinate to ensure that the resulting mitochondrial pmf is suitable for meeting cellular needs without triggering pathology. Tuning within an optimal range is used, for example, to shift ATP consumption between different consumers. Conditions that overcome these constraints and allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf too high can cause pathological generation of reactive oxygen species. We discuss the thermodynamic properties that allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf higher than NADH oxidation, and discuss the evidence for kinetic tuning of ATP production and for pathologies resulting from substantial succinate oxidation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona A. Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Martin D. Brand
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
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Pera orange (Citrus sinensis) and Moro orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juices attenuate left ventricular dysfunction and oxidative stress and improve myocardial energy metabolism in acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111350. [PMID: 34265580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating several types of cancer; however, it can induce cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the influence of Pera and Moro orange juices on cardiac remodeling induced by acute administration of doxorubicin in rats. METHODS We allocated 120 male Wistar rats into six groups: control (C), Pera orange juice (PO), Moro orange juice (MO), doxorubicin (D), doxorubicin + Pera orange juice (DPO), and doxorubicin + Moro orange juice (DMO). Groups PO and DPO received Pera orange juice, MO and DMO received Moro orange juice, and C and D received water with maltodextrin (100 g/L) for 4 wk. Subsequently, groups D, DPO, and DMO received 20 mg/kg doxorubicin and C, PO, and MO received saline. Echocardiogram and euthanasia were performed 48 h after doxorubicin injection. Juice and animal-serum flavonoid identification and quantification were evaluated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress and myocardial metabolism were evaluated by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction increased oxidative stress and pathologic changes in myocardial energy metabolism of rats treated with doxorubicin. Intake of both orange juices improved left ventricular function, decreased oxidative stress, and attenuated the myocardial energy metabolism changes. Moro orange juice had a more pronounced effect than Pera orange juice in glutathione peroxidase activity, citrate synthase, and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSIONS Pera and Moro orange juices attenuated cardiac remodeling induced by doxorubicin, improved myocardial energy metabolism, and attenuated oxidative stress. However, Moro orange juice was more effective than Pera orange juice in modifying energy metabolism.
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Luo X, Wang J, Chen H, Zhou A, Song M, Zhong Q, Chen H, Cao Y. Identification of Flavoanoids From Finger Citron and Evaluation on Their Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities. Front Nutr 2020; 7:584900. [PMID: 33195374 PMCID: PMC7649818 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.584900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle) is a traditional Chinese herb and considered as a healthy food. Flavonoids are the major bioactive substances in Finger citron. In this study, the major flavonoids of finger citron (FFC) were purified with AB-8 macroporous resins, and then three of them were identified as diosmetin-6-8-di-C-glucoside, hesperidin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside, and other two were preliminarily inferred as limocitrol 3-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1->3)-galactoside and scutellarein 4′-methyl ether 7-glucoside by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further, their antioxidation and antiaging activities were determined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, chemical assays revealed that the purified FFC had strong antioxidative activity as demonstrated by its strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activities and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). In vivo, the purified FFC significantly increased the mean and maximum lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by 31.26 and 26.59%, respectively, and showed no side effects on their physiological functions. Under normal and oxidative stress conditions, purified FFC reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in C. elegans. Together, we successfully identified three major substances in purified FFC of finger citron and determined the excellent antiaging activity of FFC, which is attributed to its strong antioxidative activity and effect on homeostasis of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Thioredoxin protects mitochondrial structure, function and biogenesis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion via redox-dependent activation of AKT-CREB- PGC1α pathway in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19809-19827. [PMID: 33049718 PMCID: PMC7732314 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) of the heart. Cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx) is a multifunctional redox protein which has antioxidant and protein disulfide reducing properties. We hypothesized that high levels of Trx will protect against multifactorial disease such as myocardial infarction due to I/R injury in aged mice. Aged mice overexpressing human Trx (Trx-Tg), mice expressing redox-inactive mutant of human Trx (dnTrx-Tg) and non-transgenic litter-mates (NT) were subjected to I/R (60/30 min), and cardiac function, mitochondrial structure and function, and biogenesis involving PGC1α pathway were evaluated in these mice. While aged Trx-Tg mice were protected from I/R-induced reduction in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), had smaller infarct with decreased apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial function, aged dnTrx-Tg mice showed enhanced myocardial injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, Trx-Tg mice were protected from I/R induced loss of PGC1α, ACO2, MFN1 and MFN2 in the myocardium. The dnTrx-Tg mice were highly sensitive to I/R induced apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrated that the loss of Trx redox balance in I/R in aged NT or dnTrx-Tg mice resulted in decreased PGC1α expression that decreased mitochondrial gene expression with increased myocardial apoptosis. High levels of Trx, but not mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx-2) maintained Trx redox balance in I/R resulting in increased PGC1α expression via AKT/CREB activation upregulating mitochondrial gene expression and protection against I/R injury.
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Pu X, Luo A, Su H, Zhang K, Tian C, Chen B, Chai P, Xia X. Optimization and mechanism of postponing aging of polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine formula. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:239-248. [PMID: 32670555 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the extraction technology of polysaccharides (AAP) from Chinese herbal medicine formula and its mechanism of delaying aging. First, L9(3)4 orthogonal test was used to optimize the optimal enzyme-assisted extraction parameters of polysaccharides. And the anti-aging effects was evaluated by detecting mitochondrial function, protein, DNA, adhesion molecules and cell cycle in aging rats. The optimal extraction process parameters were the cellulase concentration of 1.5%, the pH at 5, the enzyme temperature at 50°C and the extraction time of 180 min. The anti-aging results showed that AAP can effectively increase the activities of malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase. It also can decrease the activity of monoamine oxidase and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde levels in the brain tissue. Meanwhile, the polysaccharides enhanced telomerase activity while reduced p16 protein expression of the brain mitochondria. In addition, the polysaccharides continued to improve heart damage and significantly lessen mitochondrial DNA concentrations. For a certain period of time, it also enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and decreased protein carbonyl and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde content of kidney in D-galactose-induced aging rats. Furthermore, the polysaccharides restored the number of cells in the peripheral blood lines and BMNC through inhibiting the drop of the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets in the peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cell of the aging rats. At the same time, AAP accelerated G1 phase cell to enter S phase in cell cycle in aging rats. Our research suggests that the polysaccharides may be a potential anti-aging agent and can be further developed as a functional food or new drug to delay aging or treat aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Pu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Amiao Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Su
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Changyi Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Pengdi Chai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluation and Advanced Processing of TCM and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
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11
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Shao D, Kolwicz SC, Wang P, Roe ND, Villet O, Nishi K, Hsu YWA, Flint GV, Caudal A, Wang W, Regnier M, Tian R. Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiomyopathy Through Regulating Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Circulation 2020; 142:983-997. [PMID: 32597196 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has long been considered a culprit in the development of obesity/diabetes mellitus-induced cardiomyopathy. However, enhancing cardiac FAO by removing the inhibitory mechanism of long-chain fatty acid transport into mitochondria via deletion of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (ACC2) does not cause cardiomyopathy in nonobese mice, suggesting that high FAO is distinct from cardiac lipotoxicity. We hypothesize that cardiac pathology-associated obesity is attributable to the imbalance of fatty acid supply and oxidation. Thus, we here seek to determine whether further increasing FAO by inducing ACC2 deletion prevents obesity-induced cardiomyopathy, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We induced high FAO in adult mouse hearts by cardiac-specific deletion of ACC2 using a tamoxifen-inducible model (ACC2 iKO). Control and ACC2 iKO mice were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 24 weeks to induce obesity. Cardiac function, mitochondria function, and mitophagy activity were examined. RESULTS Despite both control and ACC2 iKO mice exhibiting a similar obese phenotype, increasing FAO oxidation by deletion of ACC2 prevented HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction, pathological remodeling, and mitochondria dysfunction, as well. Similarly, increasing FAO by knockdown of ACC2 prevented palmitate-induced mitochondria dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death in vitro. Furthermore, HFD suppressed mitophagy activity and caused damaged mitochondria to accumulate in the heart, which was attenuated, in part, in the ACC2 iKO heart. Mechanistically, ACC2 iKO prevented HFD-induced downregulation of parkin. During stimulation for mitophagy, mitochondria-localized parkin was severely reduced in control HFD-fed mouse heart, which was restored, in part, in ACC2 iKO HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS These data show that increasing cardiac FAO alone does not cause cardiac dysfunction, but protects against cardiomyopathy in chronically obese mice. The beneficial effect of enhancing cardiac FAO in HFD-induced obesity is mediated, in part, by the maintenance of mitochondria function through regulating parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our findings also suggest that targeting the parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway could be an effective strategy against the development of obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stephen C Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nathan D Roe
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Outi Villet
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kiyoto Nishi
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Yun-Wei A Hsu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Galina V Flint
- Department of Bioengineering (G.V.F., M.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering (G.V.F., M.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.S., S.C.K., P.W., N.D.R., O.V., K.N., Y.-W.A.H., A.C., W.W., R.T.), University of Washington, Seattle
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12
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Sánchez-Díaz M, Nicolás-Ávila JÁ, Cordero MD, Hidalgo A. Mitochondrial Adaptations in the Growing Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:308-319. [PMID: 32035734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heart pumps blood throughout the whole life of an organism, without rest periods during which to replenish energy or detoxify. Hence, cardiomyocytes, the working units of the heart, have mechanisms to ensure constitutive production of energy and detoxification to preserve fitness and function for decades. Even more challenging, the heart must adapt to the varying conditions of the organism from fetal life to adulthood, old age, and pathological stress. Mitochondria are at the nexus of these processes by producing not only energy but also metabolites and oxidative byproducts that can activate alarm signals and be toxic to the cell. We review basic concepts about cardiac mitochondria with a focus on their remarkable adaptations, including elimination, throughout the mammalian lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Mario D Cordero
- Cátedra de Reproducción y Genética Humana del Instituto para el Estudio de la Biología de la Reproducción Humana (INEBIR), 41009 Sevilla, Spain; Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UNEATLANTICO), and Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana (FUNIBER), 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Picca A, Mankowski RT, Burman JL, Donisi L, Kim JS, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as molecular targets in cardiac ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:543-554. [PMID: 30042431 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease because of the lifelong exposure to cardiovascular risk factors and specific alterations affecting the heart and the vasculature during ageing. Indeed, the ageing heart is characterized by structural and functional changes that are caused by alterations in fundamental cardiomyocyte functions. In particular, the myocardium is heavily dependent on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and is especially susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, primary alterations in mitochondrial function, which are subsequently amplified by defective quality control mechanisms, are considered to be major contributing factors to cardiac senescence. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms linking defective mitochondrial quality control mechanisms (that is, proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and autophagy) to organelle dysfunction in the context of cardiac ageing. We also illustrate relevant molecular pathways that might be exploited for the prevention and treatment of age-related heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathon L Burman
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Donisi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Wang Y, Li Y, He C, Gou B, Song M. Mitochondrial regulation of cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1853-1864. [PMID: 30593894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive decline in cardiac structure and function. Accumulating evidence in model organisms and humans links cardiac aging to mitochondrial regulation, encompassing a complex interplay of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuins, as well as mitophagy. This review summarizes the recent discoveries on the mitochondrial regulation of cardiac aging and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects, as well as the potential interventions that alleviate aging-related cardiac diseases and attenuate cardiac aging via the regulation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chuting He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Measurement of respiratory function in isolated cardiac mitochondria using Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer: applications for aging research. GeroScience 2018; 40:347-356. [PMID: 29860557 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in the cardiomyocyte physiology by generating majority of the ATP required for the contraction/relaxation through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as potential cause of aging. Recent technological innovations in Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer enhanced the detection sensitivity of oxygen consumption rate and proton flux to advance our ability study mitochondrial function. Studies of the respiratory function tests in the isolated mitochondria have the advantages to detect specific defects in the mitochondrial protein function and evaluate the direct mitochondrial effects of therapeutic/pharmacological agents. Here, we provide the protocols for studying the respiratory function of isolated murine cardiac mitochondria by measuring oxygen consumption rate using Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. In addition, we provide details about experimental design, measurement of various respiratory parameters along with interpretation and analysis of data.
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16
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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17
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Abstract
The mitochondrial network is not only required for the production of energy, essential cofactors and amino acids, but also serves as a signaling hub for innate immune and apoptotic pathways. Multiple mechanisms have evolved to identify and combat mitochondrial dysfunction to maintain the health of the organism. One such pathway is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is regulated by the mitochondrial import efficiency of the transcription factor ATFS-1 in C. elegans and potentially orthologous transcription factors in mammals (ATF4, ATF5, CHOP). Upon mitochondrial dysfunction, import of ATFS-1 into mitochondria is reduced, allowing it to be trafficked to the nucleus where it promotes the expression of genes that promote survival and recovery of the mitochondrial network. Here, we discuss recent findings underlying UPRmt signal transduction and how this adaptive transcriptional response may interact with other mitochondrial stress response pathways.
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18
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Molinari F, Rimini D, Liboni W, Acharya UR, Franzini M, Pandolfi S, Ricevuti G, Vaiano F, Valdenassi L, Simonetti V. Cerebrovascular pattern improved by ozone autohemotherapy: an entropy-based study on multiple sclerosis patients. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:1163-1175. [PMID: 27734309 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ozone major autohemotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its effects on brain are still not clear. In this work, we have monitored the changes in the cerebrovascular pattern of MS patients and normal subjects during major ozone autohemotherapy by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as functional and vascular technique. NIRS signals are analyzed using a combination of time, time-frequency analysis and nonlinear analysis of intrinsic mode function signals obtained from empirical mode decomposition technique. Our results show that there is an improvement in the cerebrovascular pattern of all subjects indicated by increasing the entropy of the NIRS signals. Hence, we can conclude that the ozone therapy increases the brain metabolism and helps to recover from the lower activity levels which is predominant in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molinari
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Daniele Rimini
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - William Liboni
- "Un Passo Insieme" ONLUS Foundation, Valdellatorre, Turin, Italy
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, 599489, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, SIM University, Clementi, Singapore
| | - Marianno Franzini
- Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Geriatric and Emergency Medicine, Postgraduate School in Emergency Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Geriatric Division, ASP - IDR S. Margherita, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Vaiano
- Scientific Society of Oxygen Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), Gorle, BG, Italy
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Mitophagy plays a central role in mitochondrial ageing. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:381-95. [PMID: 27352213 PMCID: PMC4935730 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ageing have been discussed for decades, and advances in molecular and cell biology of the last three decades have accelerated research in this area. Over this period, it has become clear that mitochondrial function, which plays a major role in many cellular pathways from ATP production to nuclear gene expression and epigenetics alterations, declines with age. The emerging concepts suggest novel mechanisms, involving mtDNA quality, mitochondrial dynamics or mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we discuss the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process, the role of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species production, in nuclear gene expression, the accumulation of mtDNA damage and the importance of mitochondrial dynamics and recycling. Declining mitophagy (mitochondrial quality control) may be an important component of human ageing.
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20
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Aw WC, Bajracharya R, Towarnicki SG, Ballard JWO. Assessing bioenergetic functions from isolated mitochondria in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Methods 2016; 3:e42. [PMID: 31453209 PMCID: PMC6706135 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in generating more than 90 percent of cellular energy and are responsible for many cellular processes such as metabolism, cell signalling, apoptosis and ageing. Currently, there are a number of different experimental approaches employed to measure mitochondrial health and function. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach that quantifies substrate induced mitochondrial respiration from Drosophila. This protocol is optimized for mitochondria isolated from third instar larvae, and can also be used for mitochondria isolated from adult thoraces. This procedure outlines how to perform high throughput and high resolution mitochondria specific measurements for state II, state III, state IVO respiration and residual oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen C Aw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Rijan Bajracharya
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel G Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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21
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Maurya PK, Noto C, Rizzo LB, Rios AC, Nunes SOV, Barbosa DS, Sethi S, Zeni M, Mansur RB, Maes M, Brietzke E. The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in accelerated aging and major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:134-44. [PMID: 26348786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals and is highly comorbid with many age associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. In this review, we critically review the evidence for an involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress in acceleration of aging process in MDD. There are evidence of the association between MDD and changes in molecular mechanisms involved in aging. There is a significant association between telomere length, enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nuclear factor κB, inflammatory cytokines with MDD. Major depression also is characterized by significantly lower concentration of antioxidants (zinc, coenzyme Q10, PON1). Since, aging and MDD share a common biological base in their pathophysiology, the potential therapeutic use of antioxidants and anti-aging molecules in MDD could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adiel C Rios
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra O V Nunes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Tocchi A, Quarles EK, Basisty N, Gitari L, Rabinovitch PS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1424-33. [PMID: 26191650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed nations. While it has received the least public attention, aging is the dominant risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases, as the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases dramatically with increasing age. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. Mitochondria play a great role in these processes, as cardiac function is an energetically demanding process. In this review, we examine mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt morphology, signaling pathways, and protein interactions; conversely, mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by mechanisms that include fission/fusion, autophagy, and unfolded protein responses. Finally, we describe some of the recent findings in mitochondrial targeted treatments to help meet the challenges of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Tocchi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Nathan Basisty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Lemuel Gitari
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
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Ferguson BS, McKinsey TA. Non-sirtuin histone deacetylases in the control of cardiac aging. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:14-20. [PMID: 25791169 PMCID: PMC4459895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl-groups from lysine residues within nucelosomal histone tails and thousands of non-histone proteins. The 18 mammalian HDACs are grouped into four classes. Classes I, II and IV HDACs employ zinc as a co-factor for catalytic activity, while class III HDACs (also known as sirtuins) require NAD+ for enzymatic function. Small molecule inhibitors of zinc-dependent HDACs are efficacious in multiple pre-clinical models of pressure overload and ischemic cardiomyopathy, reducing pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improving contractile function. Emerging data have revealed numerous mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors benefit the heart, including suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibition of MAP kinase signaling, and enhancement of cardiac protein aggregate clearance and autophagic flux. Here, we summarize recent findings with zinc-dependent HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the heart, focusing on newly described functions for distinct HDAC isoforms (e.g. HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC6). Potential for pharmacological HDAC inhibition as a means of treating age-related cardiac dysfunction is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA.
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24
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Biala AK, Dhingra R, Kirshenbaum LA. Mitochondrial dynamics: Orchestrating the journey to advanced age. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:37-43. [PMID: 25918048 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative process that unfortunately is an inevitable part of life and risk factor for cardiovascular disease including heart failure. Among the several theories purported to explain the effects of age on cardiac dysfunction, the mitochondrion has emerged a central regulator of this process. Hence, it is not surprising that abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control including biogenesis and turnover have such detrimental effects on cardiac function. In fact mitochondria serve as a conduit for biological signals for apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy respectively. The removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy/mitophagy is essential for mitochondrial quality control and cardiac homeostasis. Defects in mitochondrial dynamism fission/fusion events have been linked to cardiac senescence and heart failure. In this review we discuss the impact of aging on mitochondrial dynamics and senescence on cardiovascular health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Biala
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Rimpy Dhingra
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada.
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25
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Molinari F, Simonetti V, Franzini M, Pandolfi S, Vaiano F, Valdenassi L, Liboni W. Ozone autohemotherapy induces long-term cerebral metabolic changes in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:379-89. [PMID: 25280029 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone autohemotherapy is an emerging therapeutic technique that is gaining increasing importance in treating neurological disorders. A validated and standard methodology to assess the effect of such therapy on brain metabolism and circulation is however still lacking. We used a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to monitor the cerebral metabolism and a transcranial Doppler (TCD) to monitor the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral arteries. Fifty-four subjects (32 neurological patients and 22 controls) were tested before, during, and after ozone autohemotherapy. We monitored the concentration changes in the level of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin, and in the level of the Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CYT-c). As a primary endpoint of the work, we showed the changes in the brain metabolism and circulation of the entire population. The concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin increased after the reinjection of the ozoned blood and remained higher than the beginning for another 1.5 hours. The concentration of the deoxygenated haemoglobin decreased during the therapy and the CYT-c concentration markedly increased about 1 hour after the reinjection. No significant changes were observed on the blood flow velocity. As secondary endpoint, we compared the NIRS metabolic pattern of 20 remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients against 20 controls. We showed that by using only 7 NIRS variables it was possible to characterize the metabolic brain pattern of the two groups of subjects. The MS subjects showed a marked increase of the CYT-c activity and concentration about 40 minutes after the end of the autohemotherapy, possibly revealing a reduction of the chronic oxidative stress level typical of MS sufferers. From a technical point of view, this preliminary study showed that NIRS could be useful to show the effects of ozone autohemotherapy at cerebral level, in a long-term monitoring. The clinical result of this study is the quantitative measurement of the CYT-c level changes in MS induced by ozone autohemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Molinari
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - M Franzini
- Italian Society for Oxygen and Ozone Therapy, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Pandolfi
- Italian Society for Oxygen and Ozone Therapy, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Vaiano
- Italian Society for Oxygen and Ozone Therapy, Bergamo, Italy
| | - L Valdenassi
- Italian Society for Oxygen and Ozone Therapy, Bergamo, Italy
| | - W Liboni
- "Un passo insieme" ONLUS Foundation, Torino, Italy
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26
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Saboktakin Rizi B, Braasch K, Salimi E, Butler M, Bridges GE, Thomson DJ. Monitoring the dielectric response of single cells following mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibition by oligomycin using a dielectrophoretic cytometer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064114. [PMID: 25553191 PMCID: PMC4257975 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the main uses of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within mammalian cells is powering the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase pumps used to maintain ion concentrations within the cell. Since ion concentrations determine the cytoplasm conductivity, ATP concentration is expected to play a key role in controlling the cytoplasm conductivity. The two major ATP production pathways within cells are via glycolysis within the cytoplasm and via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria. In this work, a differential detector combined with dielectrophoretic (DEP) translation in a microfluidic channel was employed to observe single cell changes in the cytoplasm conductivity. The DEP response was made sensitive to changes in cytoplasm conductivity by measuring DEP response versus media conductivity and using double shell models to choose appropriate frequencies and media conductivity. Dielectric response of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was monitored following inhibition of the mitochondria ATP production by treatment with oligomycin. We show that in CHO cells following exposure to oligomycin (8 μg/ml) the cytoplasm conductivity drops, with the majority of the change occurring within 50 min. This work demonstrates that dielectric effects due to changes in ATP production can be observed at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saboktakin Rizi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
| | - K Braasch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
| | - E Salimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
| | - M Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
| | - G E Bridges
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
| | - D J Thomson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T5V6, Canada
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