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Farrag A, Almusallam M, Almulhim N, Alzahrani E, Alowa Z, Elsayed W. The effect of knee angle and subject position on plantar flexors isokinetic performance and muscular activity. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Assessment of the plantar flexion (PF) isokinetic performance has been greatly diverse and based on personal preferences rather than standardized guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To examine the performance of the plantar flexors under different settings including knee joint angle and subject position. METHODS: Thirteen women and 20 men took part in this study. The isokinetic protocol (60∘/s) was set to ankle movement between 10∘ dorsiflexion to 30∘ PF. Participants performed three repetitions of concentric PF in randomly-ordered knee angles; 15∘, 45∘ and 90∘, and in seated and supine positions. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the Soleus (SOL) and Gastrocnemius. RESULTS: Knee angle impacted the PF moment (P⩽ 0.001–0.026) and work (P⩽ 0.05) measures in both genders. The moment and work measures were significantly less in the 90∘ than those in the 45∘ and 15∘ positions. The 45∘ position had the highest values, particularly in sitting in the male participants. Only the GL EMG data was significantly impacted (P= 0.017) by the subject position. However, the difference was trivial (1.6%). The SOL muscle showed a consistent pattern of increased activity when the knee was in flexion. CONCLUSION: The 45∘ position seems to be optimal for obtaining the highest isokinetic PF scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farrag
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Physical Therapy Program, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moath Almusallam
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Almulhim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eidan Alzahrani
- Physical Therapy Program, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenab Alowa
- Department of Physical Therapy, AlJubail General Hospital, AlJubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Elsayed
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Ha PL, Dalton BE, Alesi MG, Smith TM, VanDusseldorp TA, Feito Y, Hester GM. Isometric versus isotonic contractions: Sex differences in the fatigability and recovery of isometric strength and high-velocity contractile parameters. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14821. [PMID: 33991453 PMCID: PMC8123565 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate potential sex differences in the fatigue‐ and recovery‐induced responses of isometric strength and power, as well as select dynamic contractile parameters after isometric and isotonic plantar flexor (PF) contractions. Healthy males (n = 12; age = 21.8 ± 2.2 years) and females (n = 14; age = 21.4 ± 2.5 years) performed a 2‐min maximal voluntary isometric contraction and 120 concentric isotonic (30% peak isometric torque) contractions of the PFs on separate visits. Isometric strength, isotonic power, as well as torque‐ and velocity‐related parameters were recorded before, immediately after, and throughout 10 min of recovery. Rate of EMG rise (RER) for the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus was also obtained. All measures responded similarly between sexes after both fatiguing modalities (p > 0.05), except RER of the MG which, in males demonstrated both, a greater decrease during isotonic contractions (p = 0.038, ηp2 = 0.174) and more rapid recovery after isometric exercise (p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.166). Although not significant, a nearly large effect size was demonstrated for the fatigue‐induced decrease in isometric strength (p = 0.061; d = 0.77) due to relative decreases tending to be greater in males (−29% vs. −17%). Regardless of fatiguing modality, sex differences were minimal for fatigue and recovery‐related responses in muscle function for the PFs, although the difference for RER may indicate a unique origin of fatigue. Further support for the disassociation between the response in isometric strength and power after fatiguing exercise was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Dalton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Michaela G Alesi
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Tyler M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Garrett M Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Ema R, Kawaguchi E, Suzuki M, Akagi R. Plantar flexor strength at different knee positions in older and young males and females. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111148. [PMID: 33171277 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the effects of age and knee position (fully extended, K0; 90° flexed, K90) on plantar flexor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque and the rate of torque development (RTD) in both sexes. METHODS The following parameters were measured in 32 older (66-81 yr, 17 males and 15 females) and 37 young (20-30 yr, 18 males and 19 females) adults: evoked peak twitch torque, time to peak twitch torque, RTD of the twitch torque, MVC torque, RTD at early (0-50 ms, RTD0-50) and later (100-200 ms, RTD100-200) time intervals during explosive contractions, voluntary activation (VA%) during MVC, root mean square of the electromyogram (RMS-EMG) during MVC and explosive contractions, thickness of the triceps surae, and pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius. The magnitudes of the differences were interpreted based on Cohen's d (d). RESULTS Age-related difference in RTD0-50 was greater for females (d = 1.36) than males (d = 1.03) and vice versa for MVC torque and RTD100-200. For young adults, MVC torque, RTDs, and RMS-EMGs of the gastrocnemius but not the soleus were significantly higher in K0 than in K90. For older adults, no differences in voluntary RTDs were observed between K0 and K90, and RMS-EMGs of the gastrocnemius were higher in K90 than in K0, except for that of the lateral gastrocnemius in the early time intervals during explosive contraction. The age-related difference in the effect of knee position for RTD0-50 was higher in females than males, and vice versa for MVC torque and RTD100-200. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the effects of age and knee joint angle on the plantar flexor performance were more prominent in the early phase of force production for females and were more apparent in the later phase and maximal force for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ema
- School of Management, Shizuoka Sangyo University, 1572-1 Owara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0043, Japan.
| | - Emi Kawaguchi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Momoka Suzuki
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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Rozand V, Sundberg CW, Hunter SK, Smith AE. Age-related Deficits in Voluntary Activation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:549-560. [PMID: 31688647 PMCID: PMC8015244 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Whether there are age-related differences in neural drive during maximal effort contractions is not clear. This review determined the effect of age on voluntary activation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions. The literature was systematically reviewed for studies reporting voluntary activation quantified with the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) or central activation ratio (CAR) during isometric contractions in young (18-35 yr) and old adults (>60 yr; mean, ≥65 yr). Of the 2697 articles identified, 54 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Voluntary activation was assessed with electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on five different muscle groups. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed lower activation in old compared with young adults (d = -0.45; 95% confidence interval, -0.62 to -0.29; P < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity (52.4%). To uncover the sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted for muscle group, calculation method (ITT or CAR), and stimulation type (electrical stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation) and number (single, paired, or train stimulations). The age-related reduction in voluntary activation occurred for all muscle groups investigated except the ankle dorsiflexors. Both ITT and CAR demonstrated an age-related reduction in voluntary activation of the elbow flexors, knee extensors, and plantar flexors. ITT performed with paired and train stimulations showed lower activation for old than young adults, with no age difference for the single electrical stimulation. Together, the meta-analysis revealed that healthy older adults have a reduced capacity to activate some upper and lower limb muscles during maximal voluntary isometric contractions; however, the effect was modest and best assessed with at least paired stimulations to detect the difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Rozand
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Christopher W Sundberg
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AUSTRALIA
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Olmos AA, Stratton MT, Ha PL, VanDusseldorp TA, Bailly AR, Feito Y, Mangine GT, Poisal MJ, Jones JA, Dalton BE, Smith TM, Hester GM. Neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors and predictors of peak power in middle-aged and older males. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110677. [PMID: 31374246 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Little evidence exists regarding the contribution of torque and velocity to the age-related decrease in peak power (PP) for the plantar flexors (PFs). A comprehensive assessment of PF neuromuscular function is necessary to elucidate age-related changes, especially between middle-aged and older adults, in order to identify early, age-related decrements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine neuromuscular function of the PFs in middle-aged and older males, and identify predictors of PP. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged (n = 13; 45.1 ± 2.7 yrs) and older (n = 15; 65.3 ± 3.2 yrs) males performed concentric isotonic PF contractions ranging in intensity from 20% to 70% isometric strength using a dynamometer. PP in addition to velocity and torque at the moment in time PP occurred, as well as the rate of velocity, torque (RTD), and power (RPD) development were recorded. The rate of electromyography rise (RER) was derived from the linear slope of the normalized electromyography signal. Isometric and concentric dynamic strength were assessed, as well as cross-sectional area and muscle quality (i.e., echo intensity) of the PFs via panoramic ultrasonography. The relationship between serum c-terminal agrin levels and select variables was examined to explore the potential role of neuromuscular junction deterioration. Appendicular lean mass and physical activity level were similar between groups (p > 0.05), and only PP (p = 0.046; d = 0.79), RPD (p = 0.026; d = 0.90), RTD (p = 0.022; d = 0.91), and RER (p = 0.010; d = 1.04) were lower in older males. When groups were collapsed, RTD was the only significant predictor of PP, while c-terminal agrin levels were not associated with any variables. Our findings indicate that PP and time-dependent parameters of muscle activation and contractile function of the PFs are dramatically diminished in older adults compared to middle-aged adults. PP is produced at the same velocity and relative intensity in middle-aged and older males, and RTD is most influential for PP. The inability of the PFs to be rapidly activated appeared to be influential for the age-related impairment in PP and time-dependent contractile parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Olmos
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Phuong L Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Alyssa R Bailly
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Gerald T Mangine
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Micah J Poisal
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Jones
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E Dalton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Tyler M Smith
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America
| | - Garrett M Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States of America.
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Optimal loads for power in older men and women using plate-loaded resistance machines. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Javidi M, McGowan CP, Lin DC. The Contributions of Individual Muscle–Tendon Units to the Plantarflexor Group Force–Length Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:2168-2177. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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O'Neill S, Barry S, Watson P. Plantarflexor strength and endurance deficits associated with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: The role of soleus. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:69-76. [PMID: 30884279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine how the strength and endurance of the plantar flexors are affected by Achilles tendinopathy and whether one muscle is more affected than another. DESIGN Case control study. SETTING University Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 39 Runners with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy and 38 healthy runners participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Isokinetic dynamometry was completed bilaterally in two knee positions on all subjects to assess the torque and endurance capacity of the plantar flexors. RESULTS Subjects with Achilles tendinopathy were statistically weaker (by 26.1Nm Concentric 90°/sec, 14,8Nm Concentric 225°/sec and 55.5Nm Eccentric 90°/sec for knee extended testing and 17.3Nm, 10.1Nm and 52.3Nm for the flexed knee respectively) than healthy controls at all isokinetic test speeds and contraction modes irrespective of knee position (p value = <0.001). The endurance capacity of the plantar flexors was significantly reduced (Total work done 613.5Nm less) in subjects with Achilles tendinopathy when compared to the healthy controls (p value = <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Achilles tendinopathy is associated with large deficits in plantar flexor torque and endurance. The deficits are bilateral in nature and appear to be explained by a greater loss of the soleus force generating capacity rather than the gastrocnemius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth O'Neill
- School of Allied Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Barry
- School of Allied Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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Cattagni T, Harnie J, Jubeau M, Hucteau E, Couturier C, Mignardot JB, Deschamps T, Berrut G, Cornu C. Neural and muscular factors both contribute to plantar-flexor muscle weakness in older fallers. Exp Gerontol 2018; 112:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kirk EA, Gilmore KJ, Rice CL. Neuromuscular changes of the aged human hamstrings. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:480-488. [PMID: 29668388 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00794.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the life-long importance for posture and locomotion, neuromuscular properties of the hamstrings muscle have not been explored with adult aging. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare age-related effects on contractile function, spinal motor neuron output expressed as motor unit (MU) discharge rates in the hamstrings of 11 young (26 ± 4 yr) and 10 old (80 ± 5 yr) men. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), stimulated contractile properties, and surface and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) from submaximal to MVC were recorded in the biceps femoris (BF) and semimembranosus-semitendinosus (SS) muscles. MVC torque was ~50% less in the old with both age groups attaining ≥93% mean voluntary activation. Evoked twitches in the old were ~50% lower in amplitude and >150% longer in duration compared with those in the young. At successive voluntary contractions of 25, 50, and 100% MVC, MU discharge rates were up to 45% lower in old, with no differences in relative submaximal surface EMG between age groups. Furthermore, the old had significantly lower MU discharge rates in the SS at all contraction intensities compared with the BF muscle. Men in their 8th to 10th decades of life demonstrate substantially lower strength and MU discharge rates in this functionally important large lower limb muscle group, with greater age-related effect on discharge rates in the medial hamstrings. These findings, compared with those in other muscles studied, highlight that the neuromuscular properties of limb muscles, and indeed within functionally similar portions of a muscle group, are not all affected equally by the aging process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the hamstrings, we found that both contractile function and motor unit discharge rates across the range of voluntary intensities were lower in the old. The differences in discharge rates due to age were greater in the medial hamstrings muscle group compared with the lateral hamstrings. Compared with previous studies, these results highlight that not all muscles are affected equally by aging and there may be compartmental differences within functionally similar muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Kirk
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kevin J Gilmore
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,The Canadian Centre for Activity and Ageing, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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Merlet AN, Cattagni T, Cornu C, Jubeau M. Effect of knee angle on neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor muscles: A reliability study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195220. [PMID: 29596480 PMCID: PMC5875874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor (PF) muscles at three knee angles. METHODS Twelve young adults were tested for three knee angles (90°, 30° and 0°) and at three time points separated by 1 hour (intra-session) and 7 days (inter-session). Electrical (H reflex, M wave) and mechanical (evoked and maximal voluntary torque, activation level) parameters were measured on the PF muscles. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation were calculated to determine intra- and inter-session reliability. RESULTS The mechanical measurements presented excellent (ICC>0.75) intra- and inter-session reliabilities regardless of the knee angle considered. The reliability of electrical measurements was better for the 90° knee angle compared to the 0° and 30° angles. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the knee angle may influence the reliability of neuromuscular assessments, which indicates the importance of considering the knee angle to collect consistent outcomes on the PF muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle N. Merlet
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm Unit 1179, Team 3: Technologies and Innovative Therapies Applied to Neuromuscular diseases, UVSQ. CIC 805, Physiology-Functional Testing Ward, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Lanning AC, Power GA, Christie AD, Dalton BH. Influence of sex on performance fatigability of the plantar flexors following repeated maximal dynamic shortening contractions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017. [PMID: 28636840 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to determine sex differences in fatigability during maximal, unconstrained velocity, shortening plantar flexions. The role of time-dependent measures (i.e., rate of torque development, rate of velocity development, and rate of neuromuscular activation) in such sex-related differences was also examined. By task termination, females exhibited smaller reductions in power and similar changes in rate of neuromuscular activation than males, indicating females were less fatigable than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Lanning
- a Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- b Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anita D Christie
- a Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Brian H Dalton
- c School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, ART 360, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Borges VS, Silva NS, Malta AC, Xavier NC, Bernardes LES. Falls, muscle strength, and functional abilities in community-dwelling elderly women. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.002.ao16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Falls are among the most common and serious problems facing elderly women. Falling is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, reduced functioning, loss of independence and hospitalization. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association among fear of falling, muscle strength, and functional abilities in community-dwelling elderly women. Methods: Forty-nine elderly women (70.57 ± 5.59 years) participated in this study. Records of falls, self-efficacy associated with falls (FES-I Brazil), functional abilities (the Timed Up and Down Stairs test [TUDS] and the Timed Up and Go test [TUG]), lower limb muscle strength (knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors), and hand grip strength were investigated as variables of interest. Descriptive statistics, the one-way ANOVA, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the association between fear of falling and falls with other variables (α = 0.05). Results: Elderly women who presented records of falls within the last year had lesser strength of knee extensors and plantar flexors (p ≤. 05). Those who had low self-efficacy associated with falls presented lower strength of knee extensors (p ≤. 01). Variables associated with functional abilities (r = 0.70) and lower limb strength (r = 0.53) showed a positive correlation (p ≤. 01). Conclusion: The concern with the fear of falling and falls may be negative effects caused by lower limb muscle weakness.
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Farrag A, Elsayed W. Habitual Use of High-Heeled Shoes Affects Isokinetic Soleus Strength More Than Gastrocnemius in Healthy Young Females. Foot Ankle Int 2016; 37:1008-16. [PMID: 27162223 DOI: 10.1177/1071100716649172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual use of high-heeled shoes (HHS) has been reported to negatively impact different body structures. However, few studies have investigated its effect on plantarflexor performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of habitual wear of HHS and knee joint position (to isolate the function of the gastrocnemius) on the isokinetic performance of the plantarflexors and ankle joint range of motion (ROM). METHODS A high-heel (HH) group included 12 women (25.4 ± 4.8 y) who have been wearing HHS for ≥40 hours/wk and for at least a year. A control group (CTRL) had 12 women (21.3 ± 0.5 y) who have occasionally been wearing HHS for <10 hours/wk. Participants performed isokinetic (60 degrees/s) plantarflexion movements through a range set between 15 degrees dorsiflexion and 30 degrees plantarflexion. Ankle joint ROM and average peak plantarflexion torque and power were recorded in 2 knee joint positions, extension and 90 degrees flexion. RESULTS Overall, torque was significantly affected by knee position (P = .04) and habitual use of HHS (P < .001), whereas power was impacted by knee position only (P < .001). Within each group, flexing the knee reduced isokinetic measurements. However, the reduction was greater for the HH group (torque: 54 Nm, power: 35.6 W) compared with the CTRL group (torque: 42 Nm, power: 32.5 W). Ankle joint ROM was significantly different between groups in knee flexion only. CONCLUSION Flexing the knee limited the plantarflexor muscular performance and the limitation was more significant in habitual users of HHS compared to nonusers. Thus, it is concluded that habitual use of HHS impacts the contractile properties of soleus more than gastrocnemius. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The soleus is important for walking and anterior cruciate ligament protection. Thus, HHS users could be susceptible to injury and may need longer and more intensive posttraumatic rehabilitation. Therefore, clinicians should consider knee position when examining the plantarflexors of habitual HHS users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farrag
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Elsayed
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Vie B, Griffon P, Bijoux A, Cadiere J, Weber JP, Jammes Y. Effect of the 6-minute walk test on plantar loading and capability to produce ankle plantar flexion forces. Gait Posture 2016; 49:61-66. [PMID: 27371784 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used to evaluate the ambulatory capacity of patients suffering from respiratory disorders, obesity or neuromuscular diseases. Our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of the 6MWT on the postural sway and the ankle plantar flexion forces in healthy subjects. We measured the ankle plantar flexion forces and the plantar contact area before and after a 6MWT in normal weight and overweight subjects with no history of respiratory, cardiac, and neuromuscular disorders. A post-6MWT sensation of bodily fatigue was evaluated by Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Pichot fatigue scales. A computerized pedobarographic platform was used to collect the mean plantar contact area, the changes of the center of pressure (CoP) surface and its medial and lateral deviations. In a limited number of subjects, the reproducibility of all the measurements was explored. In both groups, the 6MWT elicited a sensation of bodily fatigue. It also significantly reduced the ankle plantar flexion forces, and increased both the mean plantar contact area and the CoP surface, the changes being not apparent after 10min. The post-6MWT lateral CoP deviations were accentuated in normal weight subjects, while an increase in medial CoP deviations occurred in overweight ones. The 6MWT-induced changes in the plantar flexion force and pedobarographic variables were reproducible. Because this study clearly showed some post-6MWT alterations of the subjects' posture sway of our subjects, we questioned the possible mechanisms occurring that could explain the altered muscle force and the transient destabilization of posture after the 6MWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vie
- School of Podiatry, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Yves Jammes
- MD DS-ACI UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Kirk EA, Copithorne DB, Dalton BH, Rice CL. Motor unit firing rates of the gastrocnemii during maximal and sub-maximal isometric contractions in young and old men. Neuroscience 2016; 330:376-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Power GA, Flaaten N, Dalton BH, Herzog W. Age-related maintenance of eccentric strength: a study of temperature dependence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:43. [PMID: 27028894 PMCID: PMC5005908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With adult aging, eccentric strength is maintained better than isometric strength leading to a higher ratio of eccentric/isometric force production (ECC/ISO) in older than younger adults. The purpose was to investigate the ECC/ISO during electrical activation of the adductor pollicis during lengthening (20-320° s(-1)) contractions in 24 young (n = 12, ∼24 years) and old (n = 12, ∼72 years) males across muscle temperatures (cold ∼19 °C; normal ∼30 °C; warm ∼35 °C). For isometric force, the old were 20-30 % weaker in the normal and cold conditions (P < 0.05) with no difference for the warm condition compared to young (P > 0.05). Half-relaxation time (HRT) did not differ across age for the normal and warm temperatures (P > 0.05), but it slowed significantly for old in the cold condition compared with young (∼15 %; P < 0.05), as well, there was a 20 and 40 % increase in muscle stiffness for the young and old, respectively. ECC/ISO was 50-60 % greater for the cold condition than the normal and warm conditions. There was no age difference in ECC/ISO across ages for the normal and warm conditions (P > 0.05), but for the cold, the old exhibited a 20-35 % higher ECC/ISO than did the young for velocities above 60° s(-1) (P < 0.05). A contributing factor to the elevated ECC/ISO is an increased proportion of weakly compared to strongly bound crossbridges. These findings highlight the relationship (r = 0.70) between intrinsic muscle contractile speed (HRT) and eccentric strength in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Nordan Flaaten
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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18
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Age and muscle strength mediate the age-related biomechanical plasticity of gait. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:805-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Papaiordanidou M, Mustacchi V, Stevenot JD, Vanoncini M, Martin A. Spinal and supraspinal mechanisms affecting torque development at different joint angles. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:626-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaiordanidou
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Valérie Mustacchi
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Damien Stevenot
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Michele Vanoncini
- UMR7287, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University; 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne, UFR STAPS; Campus Universitaire Dijon France
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Wallace JW, Power GA, Rice CL, Dalton BH. Time-dependent neuromuscular parameters in the plantar flexors support greater fatigability of old compared with younger males. Exp Gerontol 2015; 74:13-20. [PMID: 26657724 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are more fatigable than young during dynamic tasks, especially those that involve moderate to fast unconstrained velocity shortening contractions. Rate of torque development (RTD), rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of neuromuscular activation are time-dependent neuromuscular parameters which have not been explored in relation to age-related differences in fatigability. The purpose was to determine whether these time-dependent measures affect the greater age-related fatigability in peak power during moderately fast and maximal effort shortening plantar flexions. Neuromuscular properties were recorded from 10 old (~ 78 years) and 10 young (~ 24 years) men during 50 maximal-effort unconstrained velocity shortening plantar flexions against a resistance equivalent to 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque. At task termination, peak power, and angular velocity, and torque at peak power were decreased by 30, 18, and 16%, respectively, for the young (p < 0.05), and 46, 28, 30% for the old (p < 0.05) compared to pre-fatigue values with the old exhibiting greater reductions across all measures (p<0.05). Voluntary RVD and RTD decreased, respectively, by 24 and 26% in the young and by 47 and 40% in the old at task termination, with greater decrements in the old (p < 0.05). Rate of neuromuscular activation of the soleus decreased over time for both age groups (~ 47%; p < 0.05), but for the medial gastrocnemius (MG) only the old experienced significant decrements (46%) by task termination. All parameters were correlated strongly with the fatigue-related reduction in peak power (r = 0.81-0.94, p < 0.05), except for MG and soleus rates of neuromuscular activation (r = 0.25-0.30, p > 0.10). Fatigue-related declines in voluntary RTD and RVD were both moderately correlated with MG rate of neuromuscular activation (r = 0.51-0.52, p < 0.05), but exhibited a trend with soleus (r = 0.39-0.41, p = 0.07-0.09). Thus, time-dependent factors, RVD and RTD, are likely important indicators of intrinsic muscle properties leading to the greater age-related decline in peak power when performing a repetitive dynamic fatigue task, which may be due to greater fatigue-related central impairments for the older men than young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Wallace
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
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Hortobágyi T, Lesinski M, Gäbler M, VanSwearingen JM, Malatesta D, Granacher U. Effects of Three Types of Exercise Interventions on Healthy Old Adults' Gait Speed: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2015; 45:1627-43. [PMID: 26286449 PMCID: PMC4656792 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age-related gait speed loss is unclear. PURPOSE Our objective was to determine the effects of strength, power, coordination, and multimodal exercise training on healthy old adults' habitual and fast gait speed. METHODS We performed a computerized systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1984 up to December 2014. Search terms included 'Resistance training', 'power training', 'coordination training', 'multimodal training', and 'gait speed (outcome term). Inclusion criteria were articles available in full text, publication period over past 30 years, human species, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, English as publication language, and subject age ≥65 years. The methodological quality of all eligible intervention studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. We computed weighted average standardized mean differences of the intervention-induced adaptations in gait speed using a random-effects model and tested for overall and individual intervention effects relative to no-exercise controls. RESULTS A total of 42 studies (mean PEDro score of 5.0 ± 1.2) were included in the analyses (2495 healthy old adults; age 74.2 years [64.4-82.7]; body mass 69.9 ± 4.9 kg, height 1.64 ± 0.05 m, body mass index 26.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2, and gait speed 1.22 ± 0.18 m/s). The search identified only one power training study, therefore the subsequent analyses focused only on the effects of resistance, coordination, and multimodal training on gait speed. The three types of intervention improved gait speed in the three experimental groups combined (n = 1297) by 0.10 m/s (±0.12) or 8.4% (±9.7), with a large effect size (ES) of 0.84. Resistance (24 studies; n = 613; 0.11 m/s; 9.3%; ES: 0.84), coordination (eight studies, n = 198; 0.09 m/s; 7.6%; ES: 0.76), and multimodal training (19 studies; n = 486; 0.09 m/s; 8.4%, ES: 0.86) increased gait speed statistically and similarly. CONCLUSIONS Commonly used exercise interventions can functionally and clinically increase habitual and fast gait speed and help slow the loss of gait speed or delay its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Melanie Lesinski
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martijn Gäbler
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie M VanSwearingen
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Layec G, Trinity JD, Hart CR, Kim SE, Groot HJ, Le Fur Y, Sorensen JR, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Impact of age on exercise-induced ATP supply during supramaximal plantar flexion in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R378-88. [PMID: 26041112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00522.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the physiological factors responsible for exercise intolerance and bioenergetic alterations with age are poorly understood due, at least in art, to the confounding effect of reduced physical activity in the elderly. Thus, in 40 healthy young (22 ± 2 yr) and old (74 ± 8 yr) activity-matched subjects, we assessed the impact of age on: 1) the relative contribution of the three major pathways of ATP synthesis (oxidative ATP synthesis, glycolysis, and the creatine kinase reaction) and 2) the ATP cost of contraction during high-intensity exercise. Specifically, during supramaximal plantar flexion (120% of maximal aerobic power), to stress the functional limits of the skeletal muscle energy systems, we used (31)P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess metabolism. Although glycolytic activation was delayed in the old, ATP synthesis from the main energy pathways was not significantly different between groups. Similarly, the inferred peak rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis was not significantly different between the young (25 ± 8 mM/min) and old (24 ± 6 mM/min). In contrast, the ATP cost of contraction was significantly elevated in the old compared with the young (5.1 ± 2.0 and 3.7 ± 1.7 mM·min(-1)·W(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that, when young and old subjects are activity matched, there is no evidence of age-related mitochondrial and glycolytic dysfunction. However, this study does confirm an abnormal elevation in exercise-induced skeletal muscle metabolic demand in the old that may contribute to the decline in exercise capacity with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Dalton BH, Power GA, Paturel JR, Rice CL. Older men are more fatigable than young when matched for maximal power and knee extension angular velocity is unconstrained. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9790. [PMID: 25943700 PMCID: PMC4420757 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The underlying factors related to the divergent findings of age-related fatigue for dynamic tasks are not well understood. The purpose here was to investigate age-related fatigability and recovery between a repeated constrained (isokinetic) and an unconstrained velocity (isotonic) task, in which participants performed fatiguing contractions at the velocity (isokinetic) or resistance (isotonic) corresponding with maximal power. To compare between tasks, isotonic torque-power relationships were constructed prior to and following both fatiguing tasks and during short-term recovery. Contractile properties were recorded from 9 old (~75 years) and 11 young (~25 years) men during three testing sessions. In the first session, maximal power was assessed, and sessions 2 and 3 involved an isokinetic or an isotonic concentric fatigue task performed until maximal power was reduced by 40 %. Compared with young, the older men performed the same number of contractions to task failure for the isokinetic task (~45 contractions), but 20 % fewer for the isotonic task (p < 0.05). Regardless of age and task, maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, angular velocity, and power were reduced by ~30, ~13, and ~25 %, respectively, immediately following task failure, and only isometric torque was not recovered fully by 10 min. In conclusion, older men are more fatigable than the young when performing a repetitive maximal dynamic task at a relative resistance (isotonic) but not an absolute velocity (isokinetic), corresponding to maximal power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 1240 University of Oregon, 122C Esslinger Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA,
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Graber TG, Kim JH, Grange RW, McLoon LK, Thompson LV. C57BL/6 life span study: age-related declines in muscle power production and contractile velocity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9773. [PMID: 25893911 PMCID: PMC4401475 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of key outcome measures in animal models of aging is an important step preceding intervention testing. One such measurement, skeletal muscle power generation (force * velocity), is critical for dynamic movement. Prior research focused on maximum power (P max), which occurs around 30-40 % of maximum load. However, movement occurs over the entire load range. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on power generation during concentric contractions in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles over the load range from 10 to 90 % of peak isometric tetanic force (P 0). Adult, old, and elderly male C57BL/6 mice were examined for contractile function (6-7 months old, 100 % survival; ~24 months, 75 %; and ~28 months, <50 %, respectively). Mice at other ages (5-32 months) were also tested for regression modeling. We hypothesized and found that power decreased with age not only at P max but also over the load range. Importantly, we found greater age-associated deficits in both power and velocity when the muscles were contracting concentrically against heavy loads (>50 % P 0). The shape of the force-velocity curve also changed with age (a/P 0 increased). In addition, there were prolonged contraction times to maximum force and shifts in the distribution of the myosin light and heavy chain isoforms in the EDL. The results demonstrate that age-associated difficulty in movement during challenging tasks is likely due, in addition to overall reduced force output, to an accelerated deterioration of power production and contractile velocity under heavily loaded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted G. Graber
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jong-Hee Kim
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- />Department of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Robert W. Grange
- />Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Linda K. McLoon
- />Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - LaDora V. Thompson
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Rm 366A Children’s Rehab Center, 426 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Dalton BH, Blouin JS, Allen MD, Rice CL, Inglis JT. The altered vestibular-evoked myogenic and whole-body postural responses in old men during standing. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:120-8. [PMID: 25456846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Dalton
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Matti D Allen
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Timothy Inglis
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Shortening-induced torque depression in old men: Implications for age-related power loss. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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