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Behrendt T, Quisilima JI, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory biomarkers are unaffected by acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in geriatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med 2024; 56:2304650. [PMID: 38253008 PMCID: PMC10810628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and human studies have shown that exposure to hypoxia can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein transcription and reduce systematic inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) prior to aerobic exercise on BDNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels in geriatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five geriatric patients (83.1 ± 5.0 yrs, 71.1 ± 10.0 kg, 1.8 ± 0.9 m) participated in a placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial and were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG) performing an aerobic cycling training (17 sessions, 20 min·session-1, 3 sessions·week-1). Prior to aerobic cycling exercise, the IG was additionally exposed to IHHE for 30 min, whereas the CG received continuous normoxic air. Blood samples were taken immediately before (pre-exercise) and 10 min (post-exercise) after the first session as well as 48 h (post-training) after the last session to determine serum (BDNFS) and plasma BDNF (BDNFP), IL-6, and CRP levels. Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 x 2 analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results were interpreted based on effect sizes with a medium effect considered as meaningful (ηp2 ≥ 0.06, d ≥ 0.5). RESULTS CRP was moderately higher (d = 0.51) in the CG compared to the IG at baseline. IHHE had no acute effect on BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.01), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 = 0.04). After the 6-week intervention, an interaction was found for BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 = 0.06) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.04), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 < 0.01). BDNF serum/plasma-ratio increased from pre-exercise to post-training (d = 0.67) in the CG compared to the IG (d = 0.51). A main effect of time was found for BDNFP (ηp2 = 0.09) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.02). Within-group post-hoc analyses revealed a training-related reduction in BDNFP in the IG and CG by 46.1% (d = 0.73) and 24.7% (d = 0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of 30 min IHHE prior to 20 min aerobic cycling seems not to be effective to increase BDNFS and BDNFP or to reduce IL-6 and CRP levels in geriatric patients after a 6-week intervention.The study was retrospectively registered at drks.de (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ibanez Quisilima
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Torre MM, Carrubba C, Langeard A, Hugues N, Laurin J, Temprado JJ. Is an 8-Week Regimen of Nordic Walking Training Sufficient to Benefit Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults? A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1235. [PMID: 38592068 PMCID: PMC10932334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nordic walking requires the association of walking and coordination of limbs while orienteering in a natural environment. It has been shown to improve functional capacities more than normal walking. However, its cognitive benefits are less clear. The main hypothesis was that this training improves visuospatial capacities and inhibition functions. A total of 14 healthy older adults were included. The training was performed in three sessions of 75 min a week for 8 weeks. Pre-, intermediate, and post-tests were carried out. Cognitive functions including global cognition (MoCA), executive functions (Color-Word Stroop test), speed of information processing, switching capacities (Trail Making Test A and B), and visuospatial capacities (Rey Complex Figure Copy Task) were assessed. Motor functions including balance control (Unipedal Balance Test), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go), hamstring flexibility (Chair Sit and Reach test), and motor coordination (Four-Square Stepping Test) were evaluated. Physical function, including lower limb strength (Timed Sit-To-Stand) and cardiovascular capacities (Incremental Shuttle Walking Test), was measured. Cardiovascular capacity, strength of lower limbs, and motor coordination were positively affected by training. With respect to cognition, training improved visuospatial capacities, while switching capacities, information processing speed, and executive functions did not improve. A possible explanation is that they needed a longer program duration to show benefits. However, analyses of responders suggested that NW positively affected cognitive functioning in a subset of participants. Eight weeks of NW training produced physical, motor, and cognitive improvements. A longer training duration could be necessary to extend the benefits to executive functions in all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Torre
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France; (C.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Clelia Carrubba
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France; (C.C.); (N.H.)
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mobilités: Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Université Caen Normandie, CHU, 14032 Caen, France;
| | - Nicolas Hugues
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France; (C.C.); (N.H.)
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Jérôme Laurin
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France; (C.C.); (N.H.)
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Kettinen J, Tikkanen H, Hiltunen M, Murray A, Horn N, Taylor WR, Venojärvi M. Cognitive and biomarker responses in healthy older adults to a 18-hole golf round and different walking types: a randomised cross-over study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001629. [PMID: 37860153 PMCID: PMC10582962 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global burden of age-related cognitive decline is increasing, with the number of people aged 60 and over expected to double by 2050. This study compares the acute effects of age-appropriate cognitively demanding aerobic exercises involving walking, on cognitive functions and exerkine responses such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cathepsin B (CTSB) in older, healthy adults. Methods/design Healthy older golfers (n=25, 16 male and 9 female, 69±4 years) were enrolled in a 5-day randomised cross-over study and completed three different exercise trials (18-hole golf round, 6 km Nordic walking, 6 km walking) in a real-life environment, in random order and at a self-selected pace. Differences in cognition (the Trail-Making Test (TMT) AB) and exerkines (BDNF and CTSB) were analysed within groups using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results All exercise types resulted in a significant decrease in the TMT A-test (p<0.05; golf: -4.43±1.5 s, Nordic walking: -4.63±1.6 s, walking: -6.75±2.26 s), where Nordic walking and walking demonstrated a decrease in the TMT B-test (p<0.05; Nordic walking: -9.62±7.2 s, walking: -7.55±3.2 s). In addition, all exercise types produced significant decreases in the TMT AB test scores (p<0.05), and Nordic walking (p=0.035) showed decreases in the TMTB-TMTA-test. There were no immediate postexercise changes in the levels of BDNF or CTSB. Conclusion Acute bouts of golf, Nordic walking and walking improved cognitive functions irrespective of exerkines in healthy older adults. In addition, Nordic walking and walking in general enhanced executive functions. No significant effects were seen on the levels of BDNF and CTSB. Trial registration number ISRCTN10007294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kettinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tikkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrew Murray
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network & UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical and Scientific Department, The R&A, St Andrews, UK
| | - Nils Horn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Rodziewicz-Flis E, Juhas U, Kortas JA, Jaworska J, Bidzan-Bluma I, Babińska A, Micielska K, Żychowska M, Lombardi G, Antosiewicz J, Ziemann E. Nordic Walking training in BungyPump form improves cognitive functions and physical performance and induces changes in amino acids and kynurenine profiles in older adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1151184. [PMID: 37766686 PMCID: PMC10520281 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1151184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively investigated, they are still far from being completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking training with BungyPump resistance poles (NW-RSA) on the amino acid and kynurenine profiles as well as selected myokine/exerkine concentrations, which may modify the interface between physical and cognitive functions. Methods A group of 32 older adults participated in the study. Before and after the intervention, body composition, cognitive functions, and physical performance were assessed. Blood samples were taken before and 1 h after the first and last sessions of the NW-RSA training, to determine circulating levels of exercise-induced proteins, i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, kynurenine (KYN), metabolites, and amino acids. Results The NW-RSA training induced a significant improvement in cognitive functions and physical performance as well as a reduction in fat mass (p = 0.05). Changes were accompanied by a decline in resting serum BDNF (p = 0.02) and a slight reduction in irisin concentration (p = 0.08). Still, changes in irisin concentration immediately after the NW-RSA intervention depended on shifts in kynurenine-irisin dropped as kynurenine increased. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan and phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratios decreased significantly, suggesting their possible involvement in the amelioration of cognitive functions. No changes of glucose homeostasis or lipid profile were found. Shifts in the concentrations of selected amino acids might have covered the increased energy demand in response to the NW-RSA training and contributed to an improvement of physical performance. Conclusion Regular Nordic Walking training with additional resistance (BungyPump) improved cognitive functions and physical performance. These positive effects were associated with a reduced BDNF concentration and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio as well as changes in the amino acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ulana Juhas
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ilona Bidzan-Bluma
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Babińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żychowska
- Department of Biological Foundations of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Angiolillo A, Leccese D, Ciccotelli S, Di Cesare G, D'Elia K, Aurisano N, Matrone C, Dentizzi C, Di Costanzo A. Effects of Nordic walking in Alzheimer's disease: A single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15865. [PMID: 37305510 PMCID: PMC10256925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmacological approaches, including exercise programs, have been proposed to improve cognitive function and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, agitation, or aggression, in the management of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, physical inactivity is one of the main modifiable risk factors in patients with AD, as well as in the development of cardiovascular diseases and related pathologies. Although Nordic Walking (NW), a particular type of aerobic exercise, is known to benefit the health of aging populations, there is little evidence that patients with AD may benefit from this non-pharmacological treatment. In this context, we performed a pilot study in 30 patients with mild/moderate AD to evaluate whether NW influences different cognitive domains, including executive functions, visual-spatial abilities, and verbal episodic memory. To this aim, 15 patients (Control group, CG) underwent reality orientation therapy, music therapy, motor, proprioceptive and postural rehabilitation, and 15 patients (experimental group, EG) in addition to the activities performed by the CG also had the NW with a frequency of twice a week. Neuropsychological assessments and evaluations of daily activities and quality of life were performed at baseline and after 24 weeks. Twenty-two patients, including 13 in the CG and nine in the EG completed the activity program after 24 weeks. The EG showed a significant improvement in the Frontal Assessment Battery, Rey's auditory Verbal Learning Test Delayed Recall, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, and completion time for the Stroop Word-Color Interference test, compared to the CG. NW was able to improve cognitive domains like visual-spatial reasoning abilities, verbal episodic memory, selective attention, and processing speed in AD patients. These results, if confirmed by further studies with a larger number of patients and a longer training period, may prospect NW as a safe and likely useful strategy to slow down cognitive impairment in mild/moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - D. Leccese
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - S. Ciccotelli
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - G. Di Cesare
- Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias-ASREM, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - K. D'Elia
- Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias-ASREM, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - N. Aurisano
- Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias-ASREM, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - C. Matrone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Dentizzi
- Centre for Cognitive Disorders and Dementias-ASREM, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A. Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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Jürimäe J, Purge P, Remmel L, Ereline J, Kums T, Kamandulis S, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Pääsuke M. Changes in irisin, inflammatory cytokines and aerobic capacity in response to three weeks of supervised sprint interval training in older men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:162-169. [PMID: 35686866 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of supervised short-term sprint interval training (SIT) on circulating irisin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations, and aerobic capacity and body composition values in healthy older men. METHODS Eleven older men (63±8 years; 178.0±5.5 cm; 82.7±8.6 kg; 22.7±3.7% body fat) underwent SIT (6 repetitions of 30 s all-out cycling bouts with 4 min active recovery after each bout) three days a week for three consecutive weeks. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, aerobic capacity assessed by direct peak oxygen consumption (VO<inf>2peak</inf>) test and morning fasting blood samples were obtained before and after a 3-week SIT intervention. RESULTS Nine supervised SIT sessions moderately (effect size [ES] =0.65; P<0.05) increased irisin concentrations (from 135.40±28.73 to 154.20±47.09 ng.mL-1) together with moderate decreases (P<0.05) in IL-6 (ES=0.89; from 1.26±0.44 to 0.87±0.44 pg.mL-1) and TNF-α (ES=0.64; from 5.10±1.23 to 4.31±1.20 pg.mL-1) levels in older men. In addition, increase in VO<inf>2peak</inf> was significant but small (ES=0.25; P<0.05; from 36.0±7.1 to 37.8±6.7 mL.min.-1kg-1), while no changes (P>0.05) in body composition variables were observed after a short-term SIT period. CONCLUSIONS A 3-week SIT intervention with only nine training sessions increased circulating irisin concentrations, improved inflammatory profile and aerobic capacity without changes in body composition in healthy older men. Accordingly, a short-term SIT programme is a time efficient alternative for traditional aerobic training to improve metabolic health and aerobic capacity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia -
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Ereline
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Kums
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Kar F, Kavlak Y, Yıldız S, Yıldız P, Musmul A, Uslu S. Eight-week exercise program improved the quality of life of Alzheimer's patients through functional, cognitive, and biochemical parameters. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:655-663. [PMID: 35604540 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of 8-week exercise in Alzheimer's disease (AD) aged 65 and over through functional, cognitive, and biochemical parameters and irisin metabolism. METHODS Two groups consisting of healthy individuals and diagnosed with Alzheimer's over the age of 65 were followed up with a combined exercise program of 45-60 min, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks. At the end of the exercise period, various cognitive and functional tests were performed on the participants, and blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters and irisin level measurements. RESULTS In functional evaluations, while there was no difference in pre-exercise measurements of timed performance and quadriceps femoris muscle strength, there was a difference between groups in all other measurements (p < 0.05). Nutritional status increased significantly after exercise in AD individuals. Although there was an increase in mental score values after exercise, it was not statistically significant. Similar to the elderly with Alzheimer's, the improvements in functional tests in the healthy also led to improvements in activities of daily living and auxiliary activities of daily living. The exercise training did not have an effect on the lipid profile in AD patients, but showed an effect on glycemia and irisin levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Changes in functional, cognitive, and biochemical parameters after the exercise program improved quality of life in Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Kavlak
- Elderly Care Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selda Yıldız
- Elderly Care Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yıldız
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Musmul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Gomarasca M, Micielska K, Faraldi M, Flis M, Perego S, Banfi G, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Impact of 12-Week Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Inflammasome Complex Activation in Elderly Women. Front Physiol 2022; 13:792859. [PMID: 35273516 PMCID: PMC8902397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.792859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the downstream NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and causes a chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exercise has known anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated the effect of Nordic walking training on inflammasome activation and downstream effectors in elderly women. A population of elderly women was divided into EXP (n = 29) that completed 12 weeks of the moderate-intensity aerobic training program and CTRL (n = 29), performing no activity. Blood samples were taken before and after the first (T1-pre and T1-post, respectively) and last (T2-pre and T2-post, respectively) exercise unit. Inflammasome activation status was assessed by whole blood NLRP3 and TLR4 expression by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-18 cytokines were assayed by multiplex fluorescent beads-based immunoassays or ELISA. NLRP3 and TLR4 levels were reduced 2 folds between T1-pre and T2-pre and induced at T2-post, compared to T2-pre, by 2.6- and 2.9-fold, respectively. A single exercise bout elicited a 1. 38-, 1. 5-, and 1.36-fold rise of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 concentration, respectively, although not significant, at the beginning of the training (T1-pre vs. T1-post), a 1.4-fold decrease for IL-1β and TNFα at the end of the training (T1-pre vs. T2-pre), and a 2-, 1.8- and 1.26-fold increase after the last exercise session (T2-pre vs. T2-post) for the three cytokines. When stratifying the population based on BMI in normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW), NLRP3 and TLR4 expression was affected only in NW. As for inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β was modulated in NW at the beginning of the training, whereas in OW at the end of the training; for TNFα, this time-dependent modulation was significant only in OW. Applied aerobic training affected the resting expression of inflammasome constituents (NLRP3 and TLR4) and levels of downstream effectors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6). However, at the end of the program, participants acquire an acute inflammatory response to exercise that was absent at baseline. Future studies would have to define the molecular mechanisms associated with, and how to potentiate, the exercise-associated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.,Doctoral School, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Flis
- Department of Physiology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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9
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Behrendt T, Kirschnick F, Kröger L, Beileke P, Rezepin M, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Comparison of the effects of open vs. closed skill exercise on the acute and chronic BDNF, IGF-1 and IL-6 response in older healthy adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 34823469 PMCID: PMC8614060 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that physical exercise has a positive effect on the release of neurotrophic factors and myokines. However, evidence regarding the optimal type of physical exercise for these release is still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of open-skill exercise (OSE) compared to closed-skill exercise (CSE) on serum and plasma levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNFS, BDNFP), and serum levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in healthy older adults. METHODS To investigate acute effects, thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (badminton (aOSE) and bicycling (aCSE), n = 24, 65.83 ± 5.98 years) or control group (reading (CG), n = 14, 67.07 ± 2.37 years). Blood samples were taken immediately before and 5 min after each condition. During each condition, heart rate was monitored. The mean heart rate of aOSE and aCSE were equivalent (65 ± 5% of heart rate reserve). In a subsequent 12-week training-intervention, twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to either a sport-games (cOSE, n = 6, 64.50 ± 6.32) or a strength-endurance training (cCSE, n = 9, 64.89 ± 3.51) group to assess for chronic effects. Training intensity for both groups was adjusted to a subjective perceived exertion using the CR-10 scale (value 7). Blood samples were taken within one day after the training-intervention. RESULTS BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1, and IL-6 levels increased after a single exercise session of 30 min. After 12 weeks of training BDNFS and IL-6 levels were elevated, whereas IGF-1 levels were reduced in both groups. However, only in the cOSE group these changes were significant. We could not find any significant differences between the exercise types. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that both exercise types are efficient to acutely increase BDNFS, BDNFP, IGF-1 and IL-6 serum levels in healthy older adults. Additionally, our results tend to support that OSE is more effective for improving basal BDNFS levels after 12 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Kirschnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Kröger
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Beileke
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Rezepin
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Beneficial effects of whole-body cryotherapy on glucose homeostasis and amino acid profile are associated with a reduced myostatin serum concentration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7097. [PMID: 33782504 PMCID: PMC8007810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of single and chronic (10 sessions) whole-body cryotherapy (WBC; 3-min, − 110 °C) on amino acid (AA) profile, myostatin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin and adiponectin in relation to glucose homeostasis. Thirty-five, healthy men were randomly split into experimental (young: 28 ± 7 years and middle-aged: 51 ± 3 years) and control groups. Blood samples were taken before and 1 h after the first and last (10th) WBC session. Baseline myostatin correlated significantly with visceral fat area, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and irisin (all p < 0.05). The single session of WBC induced temporary changes in AA profile, whereas chronic exposure lowered valine and asparagine concentrations (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively) compared to the baseline. The chronic WBC reduced fasting glucose (p = 0.04), FGF21 (− 35.8%, p = 0.06) and myostatin (-18.2%, p = 0.06). Still, the effects were age-dependent. The decrease of myostatin was more pronounced in middle-aged participants (p < 0.01). Concentrations of irisin and adiponectin increased in response to chronic WBC, while BDNF level remained unchanged. By improving the adipo-myokine profile, chronic WBC may reduce effectively the risk of the metabolic syndrome associated with hyperinsulinemia, increased levels of valine and asparagine, and muscle atrophy.
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11
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Jaworska J, Laskowski R, Ziemann E, Zuczek K, Lombardi G, Antosiewicz J, Zurek P. The Specific Judo Training Program Combined With the Whole Body Cryostimulation Induced an Increase of Serum Concentrations of Growth Factors and Changes in Amino Acid Profile in Professional Judokas. Front Physiol 2021; 12:627657. [PMID: 33633589 PMCID: PMC7900507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.627657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific training program, supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation, on growth factors concentrations, amino acids profile and motor abilities in professional judokas. Ultimately, twelve athletes took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to the cryostimulation group (CRY, n = 6) or the control group (CON, n = 6). During 2 weeks of the judo training program, the CRY group performed 10 cryo-sessions (3-min, at a temperature of -110°C) and the CON group rested passively. Anthropometric measurements, a strength test, the Special Judo Efficiency Test (SJET) were assessed 2 days before and after the judo training program. Blood samples were collected at rest, 1 h after the first and the second SJET and 1 h after the first and the last cryo-session to establish growth factors and amino acid concentrations. Lactate level was measured before, immediately after and 1 h after the first and the second SJET. The applied intervention resulted in a significant increase of resting concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (from 10.23 ± 1.61 to 15.13 ± 2.93 ng⋅ml-1; p = 0.01) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; from 174.29 ± 49.34 to 300.50 ± 43.80 pg⋅ml-1; p = 0.00) in the CRY group. A different response was registered 1 h directly post SJET in the CRY group (a significant increase of IGF-1, interleukin 15 and irisin: p = 0.01; p = 0.00; p = 0.03). Additionally, the significant drop of proline and leucine concentrations in the CRY group was obtained. Athletes' performance remained unchanged in both groups. However, subjects perceived positive changes induced by the intervention - not directly after cryostimulation but in response to the specific training workload. The increase of growth factors concentrations and the improvement of amino acid profile (proline and leucine) contributed to maintaining a high level of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Zuczek
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Lab Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Zurek
- Department of Physical Culture Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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12
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Skrobot W, Perzanowska E, Krasowska K, Flis DJ, Dzik KP, Kloc W, Kaczor JJ, Antosiewicz J. Vitamin D Supplementation Improves the Effects of the Rehabilitation Program on Balance and Pressure Distribution in Patients after Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion-Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123874. [PMID: 33352920 PMCID: PMC7766157 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND Surgery is effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with cervical disc disease. However, functional measurements demonstrated that the results have been not satisfactory enough. Thus, rehabilitation programs combined with the supplementation of vitamin D could play an essential role. METHODS The study recruited 30 patients, aged 20 to 70 years, selected for anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACIF). The patients were randomly divided into the placebo (Pl) and vitamin D (3200 IU D3/day) supplemented groups. The functional tests limits of stability (LOS), risk of falls (RFT), postural stability (PST), Romberg test, and foot pressure distribution were performed before supplementation (BS-week 0), five weeks after supplementation (AS-week 5), four weeks after surgery (BSVR-week 9), and 10 weeks after supervising rehabilitation (ASVR-week 19). RESULTS The concentration of 25(OH)D3 in the serum, after five weeks of supplementation, was significantly increased, while the Pl group maintained the same. The RFT was significantly reduced after five weeks of vitamin D supplementation. Moreover, a further significant decrease was observed following rehabilitation. In the Pl group, no changes in the RFT were observed. The overall postural stability index (OSI), LOS, and the outcomes of the Romberg test significantly improved in both groups; however, the effects on the OSI were more pronounced in the D3 group at the end of the rehabilitation program. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that vitamin D supplementation positively affected the rehabilitation program in patients implemented four weeks after ACIF by reducing the risk of falls and improving postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skrobot
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Ewelina Perzanowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Krasowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (E.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Damian J. Flis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Katarzyna P. Dzik
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kloc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copernicus Hospital, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (D.J.F.); (K.P.D.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.A.)
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13
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Domaszewska K, Koper M, Wochna K, Czerniak U, Marciniak K, Wilski M, Bukowska D. The Effects of Nordic Walking With Poles With an Integrated Resistance Shock Absorber on Cognitive Abilities and Cardiopulmonary Efficiency in Postmenopausal Women. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:586286. [PMID: 33192480 PMCID: PMC7604469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.586286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late adulthood is associated with atrophy of brain areas, which contribute to cognitive deterioration and increase the risk of depression. On the other hand, aerobic exercise can improve learning and memory function, ameliorate mood, and prevent neurodegenerative changes. This study demonstrates the effect of Nordic walking (NW) and NW with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber (NW with RSA) on aerobic capacity and body composition in postmenopausal women. It also measures the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) serum levels and determines correlations with cognitive functions and depression symptoms. These relationships with the use of NW with RSA as a new form of exercise have not been described thus far. In this study, 31 women (NW - 16, NW with RSA - 15) participated in eight weeks of training. The findings showed that only NW with RSA training caused a significant decrease in body mass and body mass index (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in GDNF levels between groups studied. Regarding BDNF, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the NW group and an increase (not statistically significant) in the NW with RSA group was found. A comparative analysis of cognitive and depression outcomes and changes in BDNF and GDNF concentration showed no significant differences in the efficacy of either form of training. Training loads resulted in a significant increase in VO2max in both the NW (p < 0.01) and NW with RSA (p < 0.05) groups. This indicates an improvement in cardiopulmonary efficiency of the examined women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koper
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krystian Wochna
- Laboratory of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Czerniak
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences and Health Promotion, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Wilski
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Caballero-Villarraso J, Jiménez-Jiménez MJ, Escribano BM, Agüera E, Santamaría A, Túnez I. Implications of Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Processes: Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:478-490. [PMID: 31269889 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190703102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous investigations focused on the pleiotropic actions of vitamin D have been carried out. These actions include the participation of this molecule in neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. As a consequence, abundant scientific literature on the role of this vitamin in neurodegenerative entities has emerged, even concerning clinical studies. To identify the level of scientific evidence concerning the relation between vitamin D and neurodegenerative diseases, from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. To describe, by means of a bibliometric analysis, the scientific production and its evolution through time in quantitative terms, regarding the implications of vitamin D in neurodegeneration. To analyse and present the degree of evidence in the aforementioned field of study, a systematic review of the literature focused on the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases was carried out. We retrieved 848 articles in the bibliometric analysis, the majority of which were dated between the years 2010-2017. The most studied metabolite was the 25(OH)D3 and the most cited disease was multiple sclerosis. In the systematic review, we found studies about Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and again, about multiple sclerosis prominently (in number and quality), with 12 randomised double-blind clinical trials. The research about vitamin D and its relations with neurodegenerative diseases shows a growing evolution over the last decade. More studies are needed to find correlations between the clinical severity of these diseases and the specific status of vitamin D and the genotypes related with them, which seems to be a future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermeria, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Analisis Clinicos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J Jiménez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermeria, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermeria, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española de Excelencia de Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), Cordoba, Spain
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15
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Kirk B, Feehan J, Lombardi G, Duque G. Muscle, Bone, and Fat Crosstalk: the Biological Role of Myokines, Osteokines, and Adipokines. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:388-400. [PMID: 32529456 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal muscle and bone are connected anatomically and physiologically, and play a crucial role in human locomotion and metabolism. Historically, the coupling between muscle and bone has been viewed in light of mechanotransduction, which dictates that the mechanical forces applied to muscle are transmitted to the skeleton to initiate bone formation. However, these organs also communicate through the endocrine system, orchestrated by a family of cytokines namely myokines (derived from myocytes) and osteokines (derived from bone cells). A third player in this biochemical crosstalk is adipose tissue and the secretion of adipokines (derived from adipocytes). In this review, we discuss the bidirectional effects of myokines and osteokines on muscle and bone metabolism, and the impact of adipokines on both of these secretory organs. RECENT FINDINGS Several myokines, notably, IL6, irisin, IGF-1, BDNF, myostatin, and FGF2 exert anabolic/catabolic effects on bone, while the osteokines osteocalcin and sclerostin have shown to induce muscle anabolism and catabolism, respectively. Adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and TNFα (released from adipose tissue), can also modulate muscle and bone metabolism. Contrarily, exercise-mediated release of lipolytic myokines (IL6, irisin, and LIF) stimulates thermogenesis by promoting the browning of adipocytes. Myokines, osteokines, and adipokines exert autocrine/paracrine effects locally as well as through the endocrine system, to regulate muscle, bone, and fat metabolism. Reductions in physical activity and increases in energy intake, both linked with aging, leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and the recruitment of immunological cells (macrophages). In turn, this releases pro-inflammatory adipokines which induces chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI), a key player in the pathology of several diseases. However, exercise-induced stimulation of bioactive cytokines, through muscle-bone-fat crosstalk, increases muscle anabolism, bone formation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose utilization, and fatty acid oxidation, and attenuates chronic LGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Marinus N, Hansen D, Feys P, Meesen R, Timmermans A, Spildooren J. The Impact of Different Types of Exercise Training on Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1529-1546. [PMID: 31270754 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementia) continues to increase due to population aging, it is mandatory to understand the role of exercise for maintaining/improving brain health. OBJECTIVES To analyse the impact of aerobic, strength and combined aerobic/strength exercise training on peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in older adults (minimum age 60 years). METHODS This meta-analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (i) studies with subjects aged ≥ 60 years, (ii) completing a single exercise bout or an exercise programme, with (iii) measurements of blood BDNF in the periphery; (iv) with comparison between (a) an intervention and control group or (b) two intervention groups, or (c) pre- and post-measurements of an exercise intervention without control group. Studies with specific interest in known chronic co-morbidities or brain diseases affecting the peripheral and/or central nervous system, except for dementia, were excluded. RESULTS In general, peripheral blood BDNF concentrations increased significantly after a single aerobic/strength exercise bout (Z = 2.21, P = 0.03) as well as after an exercise programme (Z = 4.72, P < 0.001). However, when comparing the different types of exercise within these programmes, the increase in the peripheral BDNF concentrations was significant after strength training (Z = 2.94, P = 0.003) and combined aerobic/strength training (Z = 3.03, P = 0.002) but not after (low-to-moderate intense) aerobic exercise training (Z = 0.82, P = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Based on current evidence, to increase the peripheral blood BDNF concentrations in older adults, strength training and combined aerobic/strength training is effective. More studies are needed to examine the impact of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Marinus
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf Meesen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annick Timmermans
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joke Spildooren
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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17
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Kortas J, Ziemann E, Antosiewicz J. Effect of HFE Gene Mutation on Changes in Iron Metabolism Induced by Nordic Walking in Elderly Women. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:663-671. [PMID: 32494128 PMCID: PMC7231752 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s252661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess iron accumulation in human tissue is associated with the diet, lack of exercise, or genetic factors. Iron accumulation increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, and cancer. On the other hand, exercise reduces the risk of several morbidities and influences iron metabolism. Here, we evaluated changes in iron metabolism induced by exercise in elderly women bearing the H63A HFE mutation. Purpose To identify a factor that modulates the effect of exercise on iron metabolism. We investigated whether regular exercise induces similar changes in iron metabolism, mainly manifested by lowered body iron stores, in individuals bearing the wild-type (WT) and mutated HFE gene. Subjects and Methods Seventy-six women (average age 69.2±5.6 years old) were enrolled in the study. Thirty-nine women participated in 12 weeks of Nordic walking (NW) training; the remaining participants were assigned to the control group. Based on the H63A HFE mutation status, the NW group was divided into women bearing the mutation (HET, n=12) and women with the WT gene (WT, n=27). Results The training resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the serum iron (p=0.03) and ferritin levels (p=0.001); hepcidin levels remained unchanged. No differences in these parameters were noted between the HET and WT groups. Conclusion These observations suggest that a reduction in body iron stores might constitute an important aspect of the health-promoting effect of exercise, regardless of the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kortas
- Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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How do different physical exercise parameters modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy and non-healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Lipowski M, Walczak-Kozłowska T, Lipowska M, Kortas J, Antosiewicz J, Falcioni G, Ziemann E. Improvement of Attention, Executive Functions, and Processing Speed in Elderly Women as a Result of Involvement in the Nordic Walking Training Program and Vitamin D Supplementation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061311. [PMID: 31212617 PMCID: PMC6628124 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that life satisfaction declines with age, and cognitive abilities are gradually reduced—mainly attentional functioning and cognitive processing speed. Therefore, scientists seek to find protective factors and test possible intervention programs; moderately intensive physical activity stands out as particularly promising. In this context, we evaluated the influence of Nordic Walking training supported by vitamin D supplementation (as this nutrient is especially deficient in older people in Poland) on the cognitive and psychological functioning of elderly women. A total of 52 healthy elderly women took part in a Nordic Walking training program complemented by vitamin D supplementation. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Trail Making Test and the D2 Test of Attention. Quality of life and severity of depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Form Health Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory 2. Significant improvements in all aspects of cognitive functioning was observed (p = 0.01–0.47). The study also showed a decrease in depressive symptoms (p = 0.026). Physical activity and adequate levels of vitamin D can be the key factors in maintaining self-reliance in old age. Involvement in Nordic Walking training, supported by vitamin D supplementation, can strengthen the cognitive functioning of older people—reflected in higher attentional capabilities, better executive functions, and improved cognitive processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Lipowski
- Department of Health Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | | | - Jakub Kortas
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
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Ceasing exercise induces depression-like, anxiety-like, and impaired cognitive-like behaviours and altered hippocampal gene expression. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Oliveira Bristot VJ, de Bem Alves AC, Cardoso LR, da Luz Scheffer D, Aguiar AS. The Role of PGC-1α/UCP2 Signaling in the Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on the Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:292. [PMID: 30983964 PMCID: PMC6449457 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In understanding the pathology of neurological diseases, the role played by brain energy metabolism is gaining prominence. Animal models have demonstrated that regular physical exercise improves brain energy metabolism while also providing antidepressant, anxiolytic, antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the roles played by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) in this scenario. The beneficial effects of exercise seem to depend on crosstalk between muscles and nervous tissue through the increased release of muscle irisin during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane José de Oliveira Bristot
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina de Bem Alves
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Liziane Rosa Cardoso
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Centro Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Wu Y, Zhu B, Chen Z, Duan J, Luo A, Yang L, Yang C. New Insights Into the Comorbidity of Coronary Heart Disease and Depression. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019; 46:100413. [PMID: 31005351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are common disorders that markedly impair quality of life and impose a great financial burden on society. They are also frequently comorbid, exacerbating patient condition, and worsening prognosis. This comorbidity strongly suggests shared pathologic mechanisms. This review focuses on the incidence of depression in patients with CHD, deleterious effects of depression on CHD symptoms, and the potential mechanisms underlying comorbidity. In addition to the existing frequent mechanisms that are well known for decades, this review summarized interesting and original potential mechanisms to underlie the comorbidity, such as endocrine substances, gut microbiome, and microRNA. Finally, there are several treatment strategies for the comorbidity, involving drugs and psychotherapy, which may provide a theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical investigations on improved therapeutic interventions.
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Marusiak J, Fisher BE, Jaskólska A, Słotwiński K, Budrewicz S, Koszewicz M, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Kamiński B, Jaskólski A. Eight Weeks of Aerobic Interval Training Improves Psychomotor Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050880. [PMID: 30861998 PMCID: PMC6427316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the generalized effects of cycle ergometer aerobic interval training (AIT) on psychomotor behaviors in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), including bimanual motor control, cognitive function, and neurological motor and non-motor parkinsonian signs. Methods: Twenty mild to moderate PD patients were randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) trained group (PD-TR, n = 10), which besides receiving usual care, underwent an 8-week moderate intensity AIT program; or (2) control group (PD-CO, n = 10) which received usual care, including participation in conventional physical therapy. Both groups were tested before and after the 8-week AIT program period with the following assessments: (1) laboratory analyses of bimanual motor control, (2) psychological evaluation of cognitive function, and (3) an evaluation of neurological parkinsonian signs. Results: The PD-TR group exhibited improved (1) bimanual motor control, reflected by a decreased time (p = 0.013) and increased rate of grip force development (p = 0.013) in the manipulating hand and a decreased time delay between grip force initiation in the manipulating and stabilizing hand (p = 0.020); (2) executive function, reflected by decreased performance time in part II of the Stroop Test (p = 0.007); and (3) neurological parkinsonian signs, reflected by an amelioration of upper-extremity bradykinesia (p = 0.015) and improvement in daily life manual functions (p = 0.004), mood, and intellectual function (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Following an 8-week moderate intensity AIT program, patients with PD exhibited improved psychomotor behaviors, reflected by bimanual motor control, executive function, and neurological parkinsonian signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Marusiak
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy and Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Anna Jaskólska
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Koszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kamiński
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Jaskólski
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Gomeñuka NA, Oliveira HB, Silva ES, Costa RR, Kanitz AC, Liedtke GV, Schuch FB, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211472. [PMID: 30699211 PMCID: PMC6353202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is physiological and biomechanical evidence suggesting a possible advantage of using poles in walking training programs. The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to test the hypothesis that untrained elderly training Nordic walking for eight weeks will show higher improvements on the functional mobility, quality of life and postural balance than that training without poles; more likely to occur in self-selected walking speed (primary outcome), and the locomotor rehabilitation index than the quality of life, the static balance and the dynamic stability. It was a two-arm randomized sample- and load-controlled study. METHODS Thirty-three untrained older people were randomly assigned into Nordic walking (n = 16, age: 64.6±4.1 years old) and free walking (n = 17, age: 68.6±3.9 years old) training groups. RESULTS Improvements in the self-selected walking speed (primary outcome, p = 0.011, ES = 0.42 95%CI -0.31 to 1.16), locomotor rehabilitation index (p = 0.013, ES = 0.36; (95%CI -0.39 to 1.10), quality of life (p<0.05), static balance (p<0.05) and dynamic variability (p<0.05) were found in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis was not supported, our findings indicated that after 8 weeks, the Nordic walking training did not result in greater improvements than free walking training for the primary outcome (self-selected walking speed) and most of the secondary outcomes (including locomotor rehabilitation index, static balance, dynamic stability, and psychological and social participation domains of quality of life). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03096964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Gomeñuka
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Catholic University of Misiones–UCAMI–Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Henrique Bianchi Oliveira
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edson Soares Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kanitz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giane Veiga Liedtke
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Małkiewicz MA, Szarmach A, Sabisz A, Cubała WJ, Szurowska E, Winklewski PJ. Blood-brain barrier permeability and physical exercise. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30678702 PMCID: PMC6345022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, a theoretical framework on the crosstalk between physical exercise and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is presented. We discuss the influence of physical activity on the factors affecting BBB permeability such as systemic inflammation, the brain renin-angiotensin and noradrenergic systems, central autonomic function and the kynurenine pathway. The positive role of exercise in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease is described. Finally, the potential role of conditioning as well as the effect of exercise on BBB tight junctions is outlined. There is a body of evidence that regular physical exercise diminishes BBB permeability as it reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. It improves endothelial function and might increase the density of brain capillaries. Thus, physical training can be emphasised as a component of prevention programs developed for patients to minimise the risk of the onset of neuroinflammatory diseases as well as an augmentation of existing treatment. Unfortunately, despite a sound theoretical background, it remains unclear as to whether exercise training is effective in modulating BBB permeability in several specific diseases. Further research is needed as the impact of exercise is yet to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Małkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Tuwima Str. 15, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szarmach
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sabisz
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wiesław J Cubała
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł J Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Tuwima Str. 15, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland. .,2-nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Slupsk, Poland.
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Kim S, Choi JY, Moon S, Park DH, Kwak HB, Kang JH. Roles of myokines in exercise-induced improvement of neuropsychiatric function. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:491-505. [PMID: 30627775 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacological intervention to improve brain functions, including cognition, memory, and motor coordination. Contraction of skeletal muscles during exercise releases humoral factors that regulate the whole-body metabolism via interaction with other non-muscle organs. Myokines are muscle-derived effectors that regulate body metabolism by autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine action and were reportedly suggested as "exercise factors" that can improve the brain function. However, several aspects remain to be elucidated, namely the specific activities of myokines related to the whole-body metabolism or brain function, the mechanisms of regulation of other organs or cells, the sources of "exercise factors" that regulate brain function, and their mechanisms of interaction with non-muscle organs. In this paper, we present the physiological functions of myokines secreted by exercise, including regulation of the whole-body metabolism by interaction with other organs and adaptation of skeletal muscles to exercise. In addition, we discuss the functions of myokines that possibly contribute to exercise-induced improvement of brain function. Among several myokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied myokine that regulates adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. However, the source of circulating BDNF and its upstream effector, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and irisin and the effect size of peripheral BDNF, irisin, and IGF-1 released after exercise should be further investigated. Recently, cathepsin B has been reported to be secreted from skeletal muscles and upregulate BDNF following exercise, which was associated with improved cognitive function. We reviewed the level of evidence for the effect of myokine on the brain function. Level of evidence for the association of the change in circulating myokine following exercise and improvement of neuropsychiatric function is lower than the level of evidence for the benefit of exercise on the brain. Therefore, more clinical evidences for the association of myokine release after exercise and their effect on the brain function are required. Finally, we discuss the effect size of the action of myokines on cognitive benefits of exercise, in addition to other contributors, such as improvement of the cardiovascular system or the effect of "exercise factors" released from non-muscle organs, particularly in patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Room 1015, 60th Anniversary Hall, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Room 1015, 60th Anniversary Hall, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Room 1015, 60th Anniversary Hall, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Room 1015, 60th Anniversary Hall, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Ledreux A, Håkansson K, Carlsson R, Kidane M, Columbo L, Terjestam Y, Ryan E, Tusch E, Winblad B, Daffner K, Granholm AC, Mohammed AKH. Differential Effects of Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, and Mindfulness Practice on Serum BDNF Levels in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:1245-1261. [PMID: 31498125 PMCID: PMC10896591 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that an active lifestyle is associated with better brain health and a longer life, compared to a more sedentary lifestyle. These studies, both on human and animal subjects, have typically focused on a single activity, usually physical exercise, but other activities have received an increasing interest. One proposed mechanism is that physical exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. For the first time, the long-term effects on serum BDNF levels were compared in persons who engaged in either physical exercise training, cognitive training, or mindfulness practice during 5 weeks, and compared with an active control group. Two cohorts of healthy older individuals, one from the Boston area in the US and one from the Växjö area in Sweden, participated. A total of 146 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. All interventions were structurally similar, using interactive, computer-based software that directed participants to carry out specified activities for 35 minutes/day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and soon after the completion of the 5-week long intervention program, and serum BDNF levels were measured using a commercially available ELISA. Only the group that underwent cognitive training increased their serum BDNF levels after 5 weeks of training (F1,74 = 4.22, p = 0.044, partial η2 = 0.054), corresponding to an average 10% increase. These results strongly suggest that cognitive training can exert beneficial effects on brain health in an older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Carlsson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Mhretab Kidane
- Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Laura Columbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Eliza Ryan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erich Tusch
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirk Daffner
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Kadir H Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jaworska J, Micielska K, Kozłowska M, Wnorowski K, Skrobecki J, Radzimiński L, Babińska A, Rodziewicz E, Lombardi G, Ziemann E. A 2-Week Specific Volleyball Training Supported by the Whole Body Cryostimulation Protocol Induced an Increase of Growth Factors and Counteracted Deterioration of Physical Performance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1711. [PMID: 30555349 PMCID: PMC6282029 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially beneficial effects of cold therapies on training adaptation still remain unequivocal. We have, thus, decided to evaluate the effects of a 2-week volleyball training program supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation (WBC) on growth factors and physical performance. Twenty healthy college-aged men and women randomly assigned either to the cryostimulation group (CRY) or the control group (CON; executed passive rest). Both groups took part in the same 2-weeks training program. Additionally, the CRY group attended in 10 cryo-sessions (3 min, -110°C temperature, five times/week). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 1 h after the first cryo-session as well as before and 1 h after the last session of WBC to assess growth factors, myokines concentration and the amino acid profile. Motor abilities were tested before commencing the training program and 2 days after its completion. The applied intervention resulted in an increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations. The adjusted effect describing the difference between groups in response to applied procedures was for both growth factors large and very likely in the CRY, higher than in the CON group (113%; Coefficient Interval: 38–230%, 45%; Coefficient Interval: 17–79%, respectively). Physical performance dropped in both groups, yet in the CRY group, the magnitude of change was smaller. The fibroblast growth factor dropped significantly 1 h following the first cryo-session, yet irisin remained statistically unchanged. The similar tendency was maintained after the whole procedure, still the range of changes was smaller. In the CRY group, an elevated uptake of tryptophan and valine noted in response to the whole intervention, could have induced a significant decrease of fasting glucose concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely -6%; Coefficient Interval: -10 to -2%). Overall, a 2-week volleyball training program supported by the whole body cryostimulation protocol resulted in an increase of growth factors and offset a decline of physical performance. Thus these procedure can be applied in professional sport during competition period, especially among those disciplines focusing on an explosive power and ability to concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Kozłowska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wnorowski
- Department of Volleyball, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Skrobecki
- Department of Volleyball, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Radzimiński
- Department of Biomedical Health Basics, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Babińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Walentukiewicz A, Lysak-Radomska A, Jaworska J, Prusik K, Prusik K, Kortas JA, Lipiński M, Babinska A, Antosiewicz J, Ziemann E. Vitamin D Supplementation and Nordic Walking Training Decreases Serum Homocysteine and Ferritin in Elderly Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102064. [PMID: 30241318 PMCID: PMC6210625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify if coupling 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation and Nordic walking training favoured lowering the homocysteine (Hcy) level. Ninety-four elderly women were divided into three groups: Nordic walking (NW), supplemented (SG) and control (CG). The NW and SG groups received a weekly dose of 28,000 IU of vitamin D3. A blood analysis was performed at baseline, 1h after the first training session and at the end of the experiment. The amino acid profile (methionine and cysteine) and homocysteine concentration were determined. Additionally, the concentration of myokine was assessed. The first session of NW training reduced serum homocysteine, particularly among women with baseline homocysteine above 10 µmol·L−1: 12.37 ± 2.75 vs. 10.95 ± 3.94 µmol·L−1 (p = 0.05). These changes were accompanied by shifts in the cysteine (p = 0.09) and methionine (p = 0.01) concentration, regardless of the Hcy concentration. Twelve weeks of training significantly decreased the homocysteine (9.91 ± 2.78, vs. 8.90 ± 3.14 µmol·L−1, p = 0.05) and ferritin (94.23 ± 62.49 vs. 73.15 ± 47.04 ng·mL−1, p = 0.05) concentrations in whole NW group. Also, in the NW group, ferritin correlated with the glucose level (r = 0.51, p = 0.00). No changes in the myokine levels were observed after the intervention. Only the brain-derived neurotrophic factor dropped in the NW (42.74 ± 19.92 vs. 31.93 ± 15.91 ng·mL−1, p = 0.01) and SG (37.75 ± 8.08 vs. 16.94 ± 12.78 ng·mL−1, p = 0.00) groups. This study presents a parallel decrease of homocysteine and ferritin in response to regular training supported by vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walentukiewicz
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Health Promotion and Posturology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Prusik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Prusik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdańsk, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marcin Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3, 80-001 Gdansk; Poland.
| | - Anna Babinska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3, 80-001 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3, 80-001 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
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Mieszkowski J, Niespodziński B, Kochanowicz A, Gmiat A, Prusik K, Prusik K, Kortas J, Ziemann E, Antosiewicz J. The Effect of Nordic Walking Training Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation on Postural Control and Muscle Strength in Elderly People-A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091951. [PMID: 30205445 PMCID: PMC6164155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nordic Walking (NW) and Vitamin D concentration (Vit D) alone have been shown to contribute to the health and performance of elderly people. However, the interaction between these two factors has yet to be explored. In this study 42 women over 60 years of age (69.02 ± 5.56 years) were recruited and divided in two NW groups: a high-intensity interval training group (HI-NW) and a moderate-intensity continuous training group (MI-NW). Individuals from each group completed a 12-week NW training program (3 times a week/2 hours) combined with randomized Vitamin D supplementation (HD = high dose: 4000 IU/day or LD = low dose: 800 IU/day). Body composition, postural control, muscle strength and Vitamin D serum concentration were measured twice; before and after the intervention. To investigate the interaction between supplementation and training a mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The HI-NW group, regardless of supplementation dose, increased their Vit D and elbow torque performance. On the other hand, in the MI-NW group the same Vit D outcome was seen only with HD supplementation and was also associated with increased leg muscle mass. In conclusion, beneficial effects of both HI-NW and MI-NW training regimes were seen. The impact of the dose supplementation on Vit D and body composition was related to the type of NW training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mieszkowski
- Institute of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-091 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Niespodziński
- Institute of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-091 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kochanowicz
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jakub Kortas
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
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