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de Oliveira AT, Braga ARF, Miranda JRF, Fantinato-Neto P, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal stem cells in animal reproduction: sources, uses and scenario. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e002524. [PMID: 38737577 PMCID: PMC11087005 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding mesenchymal stem cells turned up in the 1960's and this cell type created a great number of questions about its functions and applicability in science and medicine. When used with therapeutic intent, these cells present an inclination to migrate to sites of injury, inflammation or disease, where they secrete bioactive factors that stimulates the synthesis of new tissue. In this context, studies using rodents reported that MSCs promoted positive effects in the ovarian function in mice with premature aging of follicular reserve. In female bovines, experimental stem cell-based therapies have been used to either generate new oocytes with in vitro quality or stimulate such action in vivo. It is also reported, that the intraovarian application of mesenchymal stem cells generates a greater production of embryos in vitro and the production of early and expanded blastocysts. Additionally, analysis of ovarian tissue in animal subjected to treatment showed an increase in the number of developing follicles. Nevertheless, the treatments involving stem cells with different modes of application, different sources and different species were able to act on the hormonal, tissue, cellular and metabolic levels, generating positive results in the recovery and improvement of ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Takeshita de Oliveira
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Rodrigues Ferreira Braga
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Ricardo Fonseca Miranda
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Fantinato-Neto
- Veterinarian, DSc., Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, FZEA, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, FZEA, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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2
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Devi S, Bongale AM, Tefera MA, Dixit P, Bhanap P. Fresh Umbilical Cord Blood-A Source of Multipotent Stem Cells, Collection, Banking, Cryopreservation, and Ethical Concerns. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1794. [PMID: 37763198 PMCID: PMC10533013 DOI: 10.3390/life13091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells that can be used to replace bone marrow components. Many blood disorders and systemic illnesses are increasingly being treated with stem cells as regenerative medical therapy. Presently, collected blood has been stored in either public or private banks for allogenic or autologous transplantation. Using a specific keyword, we used the English language to search for relevant articles in SCOPUS and PubMed databases over time frame. According to our review, Asian countries are increasingly using UCB preservation for future use as regenerative medicine, and existing studies indicate that this trend will continue. This recent literature review explains the methodology of UCB collection, banking, and cryopreservation for future clinical use. Between 2010 and 2022, 10,054 UCB stem cell samples were effectively cryopreserved. Furthermore, we have discussed using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as transplant medicine, and its clinical applications. It is essential for healthcare personnel, particularly those working in labor rooms, to comprehend the protocols for collecting, transporting, and storing UCB. This review aims to provide a glimpse of the details about the UCB collection and banking processes, its benefits, and the use of UCB-derived stem cells in clinical practice, as well as the ethical concerns associated with UCB, all of which are important for healthcare professionals, particularly those working in maternity wards; namely, the obstetrician, neonatologist, and anyone involved in perinatal care. This article also highlights the practical and ethical concerns associated with private UCB banks, and the existence of public banks. UCB may continue to grow to assist healthcare teams worldwide in treating various metabolic, hematological, and immunodeficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeta Devi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anupkumar M. Bongale
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Prasad Bhanap
- HoD OBG Department, Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Liu Y, Huang M, Wang X, Liu Z, Li S, Chen YG. Segregation of the stemness program from the proliferation program in intestinal stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1196-1210. [PMID: 37028424 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can undergo continuous self-renewal and meanwhile retain the stemness capability to differentiate to mature functional cells. However, it is unclear whether the proliferation property can be segregated from the stemness in stem cells. The intestinal epithelium undergoes fast renewal, and the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are essential to maintain homeostasis. Here, we report that methyltransferase-like 3 (Mettl3), a critical enzyme for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, is required for ISCs maintenance as its deletion results in fast loss of stemness markers but has no effect on cell proliferation. We further identify four m6A-modified transcriptional factors, whose ectopic expression can restore stemness gene expression in Mettl3-/- organoids, while their silencing leads to stemness loss. In addition, transcriptomic profiling analysis discerns 23 genes that can be segregated from the genes responsible for cell proliferation. Together, these data reveal that m6A modification sustains ISC stemness, which can be uncoupled from cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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4
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Barata T, Duarte I, Futschik ME. Integration of Stemness Gene Signatures Reveals Core Functional Modules of Stem Cells and Potential Novel Stemness Genes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030745. [PMID: 36981016 PMCID: PMC10048104 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells encompass a variety of different cell types which converge on the dual capacity to self-renew and differentiate into one or more lineages. These characteristic features are key for the involvement of stem cells in crucial biological processes such as development and ageing. To decipher their underlying genetic substrate, it is important to identify so-called stemness genes that are common to different stem cell types and are consistently identified across different studies. In this meta-analysis, 21 individual stemness signatures for humans and another 21 for mice, obtained from a variety of stem cell types and experimental techniques, were compared. Although we observed biological and experimental variability, a highly significant overlap between gene signatures was identified. This enabled us to define integrated stemness signatures (ISSs) comprised of genes frequently occurring among individual stemness signatures. Such integrated signatures help to exclude false positives that can compromise individual studies and can provide a more robust basis for investigation. To gain further insights into the relevance of ISSs, their genes were functionally annotated and connected within a molecular interaction network. Most importantly, the present analysis points to the potential roles of several less well-studied genes in stemness and thus provides promising candidates for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Barata
- SysBioLab, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- SysBioLab, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Goel H, Goyal K, Pandey AK, Benjamin M, Khan F, Pandey P, Mittan S, Iqbal D, Alsaweed M, Alturaiki W, Madkhali Y, Kamal MA, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK. Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental Toxicants in Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:84-97. [PMID: 35352654 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220329103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental contamination, human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants, including physical chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causing adverse consequences and inducing a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders. These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation producing mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative risk. The toxicity of four heavy metal including Cd, As, Pb, Hg is mostly responsible for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Goyal
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat, Munchen, Germany
| | - Avanish Kumar Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham NSW 2770, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
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6
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Baranovsky A, Ivanov T, Granovskaya M, Papatsenko D, Pervouchine DD. Transcriptome analysis reveals high tumor heterogeneity with respect to re-activation of stemness and proliferation programs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268626. [PMID: 35587924 PMCID: PMC9119523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant alterations in signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory programs together represent major hallmarks of many cancers. These, among all, include the reactivation of stemness, which is registered by the expression of pathways that are active in the embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we assembled gene sets that reflect the stemness and proliferation signatures and used them to analyze a large panel of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Consortium in order to specifically assess the expression of stemness-related and proliferation-related genes across a collection of different tumor types. We introduced a metric that captures the collective similarity of the expression profile of a tumor to that of ESCs, which showed that stemness and proliferation signatures vary greatly between different tumor types. We also observed a high degree of intertumoral heterogeneity in the expression of stemness- and proliferation-related genes, which was associated with increased hazard ratios in a fraction of tumors and mirrored by high intratumoral heterogeneity and a remarkable stemness capacity in metastatic lesions across cancer cells in single cell RNA-seq datasets. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of stemness signatures is highly heterogeneous and cannot be used as a universal determinant of cancer. This calls into question the universal validity of diagnostic tests that are based on stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baranovsky
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timofei Ivanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri D. Pervouchine
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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7
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Andrews TS, Atif J, Liu JC, Perciani CT, Ma X, Thoeni C, Slyper M, Eraslan G, Segerstolpe A, Manuel J, Chung S, Winter E, Cirlan I, Khuu N, Fischer S, Rozenblatt‐Rosen O, Regev A, McGilvray ID, Bader GD, MacParland SA. Single-Cell, Single-Nucleus, and Spatial RNA Sequencing of the Human Liver Identifies Cholangiocyte and Mesenchymal Heterogeneity. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:821-840. [PMID: 34792289 PMCID: PMC8948611 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical functions of the human liver are coordinated through the interactions of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptional approaches have enabled an examination of the human liver with unprecedented resolution. However, dissociation-related cell perturbation can limit the ability to fully capture the human liver's parenchymal cell fraction, which limits the ability to comprehensively profile this organ. Here, we report the transcriptional landscape of 73,295 cells from the human liver using matched single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq). The addition of snRNA-seq enabled the characterization of interzonal hepatocytes at a single-cell resolution, revealed the presence of rare subtypes of liver mesenchymal cells, and facilitated the detection of cholangiocyte progenitors that had only been observed during in vitro differentiation experiments. However, T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells were only distinguishable using scRNA-seq, highlighting the importance of applying both technologies to obtain a complete map of tissue-resident cell types. We validated the distinct spatial distribution of the hepatocyte, cholangiocyte, and mesenchymal cell populations by an independent spatial transcriptomics data set and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Our study provides a systematic comparison of the transcriptomes captured by scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq and delivers a high-resolution map of the parenchymal cell populations in the healthy human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallulah S. Andrews
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Jawairia Atif
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada,Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoMedical Sciences Building1 King’s College CircleTorontoONCanada
| | - Jeff C. Liu
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada,The Donnelly CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Catia T. Perciani
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada,Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoMedical Sciences Building1 King’s College CircleTorontoONCanada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Xue‐Zhong Ma
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Gökcen Eraslan
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Asa Segerstolpe
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Justin Manuel
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Sai Chung
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Erin Winter
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Genome CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Princess Margaret Genome CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Orit Rozenblatt‐Rosen
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA,Present address:
Genentech1 DNA WaySouth San FranciscoCA94080USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMAUSA,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseMDUSA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchDepartment of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA,Present address:
Genentech1 DNA WaySouth San FranciscoCA94080USA
| | - Ian D. McGilvray
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada,The Donnelly CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Sonya A. MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant CentreToronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada,Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoMedical Sciences Building1 King’s College CircleTorontoONCanada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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8
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Schemann-Miguel F, Aloise AC, Gaiba S, Ferreira LM. Effect of Static Compressive Force on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear.
Objective:
This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells.
Methods:
PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay.
Results:
ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former.
Conclusion:
Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.
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9
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Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072197. [PMID: 34206738 PMCID: PMC8308443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy of humans has increased continuously up to the present days, but their health status (healthspan) was not enhanced by similar extent. To decrease enormous medical, economical and psychological burden that arise from this discrepancy, improvement of healthspan is needed that leads to delaying both aging processes and development of age-related diseases, thereby extending lifespan. Thus, development of new therapeutic tools to alleviate aging processes and related diseases and to increase life expectancy is a topic of increasing interest. It is widely accepted that ketosis (increased blood ketone body levels, e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) can generate neuroprotective effects. Ketosis-evoked neuroprotective effects may lead to improvement in health status and delay both aging and the development of related diseases through improving mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, histone and non-histone acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones, modulation of neurotransmitter systems and RNA functions. Administration of exogenous ketogenic supplements was proven to be an effective method to induce and maintain a healthy state of nutritional ketosis. Consequently, exogenous ketogenic supplements, such as ketone salts and ketone esters, may mitigate aging processes, delay the onset of age-associated diseases and extend lifespan through ketosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main hallmarks of aging processes and certain signaling pathways in association with (putative) beneficial influences of exogenous ketogenic supplements-evoked ketosis on lifespan, aging processes, the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as impaired learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, PCD 3127, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, 2780 E. Fowler Ave. #226, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
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10
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Gairola K, Gururani S, Bahuguna A, Garia V, Pujari R, Dubey SK. Natural products targeting cancer stem cells: Implications for cancer chemoprevention and therapeutics. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13772. [PMID: 34028051 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, being the leading cause of death in the globe, has been one of the major thrust areas of research worldwide. In a new paradigm about neoplastic transformations, the initiation and recurrence of disease is attributed to few mutated cells in bulk of tumor called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have capacity of self-renewal and differentiation, which are known for resistance to radio and chemotherapy leading to recurrence of the disease even after treatment. Most of traditional drugs implicated in cancer therapy targeting primary tumors have substantial toxicity to the physiological system and have not been efficient in targeting these CSCs leading to poor prognosis. Targeting these CSCs in bulk of tumor might be novel strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapeutics. Diet-derived interventions and diverse natural products are known to target these CSCs and related signaling pathways, namely, Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways, which are implicated for CSC self-renewal. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cancer remains a global challenge even in this century. Poor prognosis, survival rate, and recurrence of the disease have been the major concerns in traditional cancer therapy regimes. Targeting cancer stem cells might be novel strategy for elimination and cure of the chronic disease as they are known to modulate all stages of carcinogenesis and responsible for recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The evidence support that natural products might inhibit, delay, or reverse the process of tumorigenesis and modulate the different signaling pathways implicated for cancer stem cells self-renewal and differentiation. Natural products have minimal toxicity compared to traditional cancer therapy drugs since they have long been utilized in our food habits without any major side effects reported. Thus, targeting cancer stem cells with natural product might be a novel strategy for drug development in cancer chemoprevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Gairola
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Shriya Gururani
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Ananya Bahuguna
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Vaishali Garia
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Rohit Pujari
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Shiv K Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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11
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Lee J, Cho Y. Potential roles of stem cell marker genes in axon regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1-7. [PMID: 33446881 PMCID: PMC8080715 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is orchestrated by many genes that are differentially expressed in response to injury. Through a comparative analysis of gene expression profiling, injury-responsive genes that are potential targets for understanding the mechanisms underlying regeneration have been revealed. As the efficiency of axon regeneration in both the peripheral and central nervous systems can be manipulated, we suggest that identifying regeneration-associated genes is a promising approach for developing therapeutic applications in vivo. Here, we review the possible roles of stem cell marker- or stemness-related genes in axon regeneration to gain a better understanding of the regeneration mechanism and to identify targets that can enhance regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Rungsiwiwut R, Virutamasen P, Pruksananonda K. Mesenchymal stem cells for restoring endometrial function: An infertility perspective. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:13-19. [PMID: 33488279 PMCID: PMC7812475 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from several tissues such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, or endometrial tissue. MSCs gain a lot of attention for cell-based therapy due to their characteristics including differentiation ability and immunomodulatory effect. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs can be applied to treat female infertility by improving of the functions of ovary and uterus. This mini- review focuses on the current study of treatment of endometrial infertility by using MSCs. METHODS The present study performed a literature review focusing on the effect of MSCs for treatment of women infertility caused by endometrial dysfunction. RESULTS Bone marrow-, umbilical cord-, adipose-, amniotic-, and menstruation-derived MSCs enhance endometrial cell proliferation, injury repairs as well as reducing scar formation. The beneficial mechanism probably via immunomodulatory, cell differentiation, stimulates endometrial cell proliferation and down-regulation of fibrosis genes. The major advantage of using MSCs is to improve endometrial functions resulting in increased implantation and pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS MSCs exhibit a potential for endometrial infertility treatment. Adipose- and menstruation-derived stem cells show advantages over other sources because the cells can be derived easily and do not causes graft rejection after autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramuan Virutamasen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kamthorn Pruksananonda
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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13
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Faust HJ, Zhang H, Han J, Wolf MT, Jeon OH, Sadtler K, Peña AN, Chung L, Maestas DR, Tam AJ, Pardoll DM, Campisi J, Housseau F, Zhou D, Bingham CO, Elisseeff JH. IL-17 and immunologically induced senescence regulate response to injury in osteoarthritis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5493-5507. [PMID: 32955487 PMCID: PMC7524483 DOI: 10.1172/jci134091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells (SnCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), in part via expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes immunologically relevant factors and cytokines. In a model of posttraumatic OA (PTOA), anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced a type 17 immune response in the articular compartment and draining inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) that paralleled expression of the senescence marker p16INK4a (Cdkn2a) and p21 (Cdkn1a). Innate lymphoid cells, γδ+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells contributed to IL-17 expression. Intra-articular injection of IL-17-neutralizing antibody reduced joint degeneration and decreased expression of the senescence marker Cdkn1a. Local and systemic senolysis was required to attenuate tissue damage in aged animals and was associated with decreased IL-17 and increased IL-4 expression in the articular joint and draining LNs. In vitro, we found that Th17 cells induced senescence in fibroblasts and that SnCs skewed naive T cells toward Th17 or Th1, depending on the presence of TGF-β. The SASP profile of the inflammation-induced SnCs included altered Wnt signaling, tissue remodeling, and cell-cycle pathways not previously implicated in senescence. These findings provide molecular targets and mechanisms for senescence induction and therapeutic strategies to support tissue healing in an aged environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Faust
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew T. Wolf
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis N. Peña
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liam Chung
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David R. Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ada J. Tam
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | | | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clifton O. Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
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14
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Tusa I, Cheloni G, Poteti M, Silvano A, Tubita A, Lombardi Z, Gozzini A, Caporale R, Scappini B, Dello Sbarba P, Rovida E. In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Imatinib and Ponatinib on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Progenitor/Stem Cell Features. Target Oncol 2020; 15:659-671. [PMID: 32780298 PMCID: PMC7568716 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of molecularly tailored therapeutic agents such as the BCR/ABL-active tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) resulted in an excellent treatment option for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, following TKi discontinuation, disease relapses in 40–60% of patients, an occurrence very likely due to the persistence of leukemic stem cells that are scarcely sensitive to TKi. Nevertheless, TKi are still the only current treatment option for CML patients. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TKi belonging to different generations, imatinib and ponatinib (first and third generation, respectively), on progenitor/stem cell expansion potential and markers. Patients and Methods We used stabilized CML cell lines (KCL22, K562 and LAMA-84 cells), taking advantage of the previous demonstration of ours that cell lines contain cell subsets endowed with progenitor/stem cell properties. Primary cells explanted from CML patients were also used. The effects of TKi on the expression of stem cell related genes were compared by quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) cell surface hematopoietic stem cell markers. Progenitor/stem cell potential was estimated by serial colony formation ability (CFA) assay. Results Ponatinib was more effective than imatinib for the reduction of cells with ALDH activity and progenitor/stem cell potential of CML patient-derived cells and cell lines. Furthermore, ponatinib was more effective than imatinib in reducing the percentage of CD26-expressing cells in primary CML cells, whereas imatinib and ponatinib showed similar efficacy on KCL22 cells. Both drugs strongly upregulated NANOG and SOX2 in CML cell lines, but in KCL22 cells this upregulation was significantly lower with ponatinib than with imatinib, an outcome compatible with a lower level of enrichment of the stem cell compartment upon ponatinib treatment. Conclusion Ponatinib seems to target CML progenitor/stem cells better than imatinib. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11523-020-00741-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Poteti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoe Lombardi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Caporale
- Dipartimento DAI Oncologico e di Chirurgia ad Indirizzo Robotico SOD Centro Diagnostico di Citofluorimetria e Immunoterapia, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Lee J, Shin JE, Lee B, Kim H, Jeon Y, Ahn SH, Chi SW, Cho Y. The stem cell marker Prom1 promotes axon regeneration by down-regulating cholesterol synthesis via Smad signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15955-15966. [PMID: 32554499 PMCID: PMC7355016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920829117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is regulated by a neuron-intrinsic transcriptional program that is suppressed during development but that can be reactivated following peripheral nerve injury. Here we identify Prom1, which encodes the stem cell marker prominin-1, as a regulator of the axon regeneration program. Prom1 expression is developmentally down-regulated, and the genetic deletion of Prom1 in mice inhibits axon regeneration in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures and in the sciatic nerve, revealing the neuronal role of Prom1 in injury-induced regeneration. Elevating prominin-1 levels in cultured DRG neurons or in mice via adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery enhances axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo, allowing outgrowth on an inhibitory substrate. Prom1 overexpression induces the consistent down-regulation of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes and a reduction in cellular cholesterol levels in a Smad pathway-dependent manner, which promotes axonal regrowth. We find that prominin-1 interacts with the type I TGF-β receptor ALK4, and that they synergistically induce phosphorylation of Smad2. These results suggest that Prom1 and cholesterol metabolism pathways are possible therapeutic targets for the promotion of neural recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 49201 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohm Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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16
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Naji A, Eitoku M, Favier B, Deschaseaux F, Rouas-Freiss N, Suganuma N. Biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells and clinical implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3323-3348. [PMID: 31055643 PMCID: PMC11105258 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated from multiple biological tissues-adult bone marrow and adipose tissues and neonatal tissues such as umbilical cord and placenta. In vitro, MSCs show biological features of extensive proliferation ability and multipotency. Moreover, MSCs have trophic, homing/migration and immunosuppression functions that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. A number of clinical trials are using MSCs for therapeutic interventions in severe degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease, alone or in combination with other drugs. MSCs are promising for therapeutic applications given the ease in obtaining them, their genetic stability, their poor immunogenicity and their curative properties for tissue repair and immunomodulation. The success of MSC therapy in degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases might depend on the robustness of the biological functions of MSCs, which should be linked to their therapeutic potency. Here, we outline the fundamental and advanced concepts of MSC biological features and underline the biological functions of MSCs in their basic and translational aspects in therapy for degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA, DRF-IBFJ, IDMIT, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang Occitanie, UMR 5273 CNRS, INSERM U1031, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, DRF-Francois Jacob Institute, Research Division in Hematology and Immunology (SRHI), Saint-Louis Hospital, IRSL, UMRS 976, Paris, France
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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18
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Simonović J, Toljić B, Rašković B, Jovanović V, Lazarević M, Milošević M, Nikolić N, Panajotović R, Milašin J. Raman microspectroscopy: toward a better distinction and profiling of different populations of dental stem cells. Croat Med J 2019. [PMID: 31044579 PMCID: PMC6509629 DOI: 10.3325/croatmedj_60_0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize stem cells originating from different dental tissues (apical papilla [SCAP], dental follicle [DFSC], and pulp [DPSC]) and test the capacity of Raman microspectroscopy to distinguish between the three dental stem cell types. METHODS SCAP, DFSC, and DPSC cultures were generated from three immature wisdom teeth originating from three patients. Cell stemness was confirmed by inducing neuro-, osteo-, chondro-, and adipo-differentiaton and by mesenchymal marker expression analysis by flow-cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cellular components were then evaluated by Raman microspectroscopy. RESULTS We found differences between SCAP, DFSC, and DPSC Raman spectra. The ratio between proteins and nucleic acids (748/770), a parameter for discriminating more differentiated from less differentiated cells, showed significant differences between the three cell types. All cells also displayed a fingerprint region in the 600-700 cm-1 range, and characteristic lipid peaks at positions 1440 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1. CONCLUSION Although different dental stem cells exhibited similar Raman spectra, the method enabled us to make subtle distinction between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jelena Milašin
- Jelena Milašin, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia,
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19
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Lin Y, Liu B, Deng T, Zhong J, Feng Z, Zeng Q, Huang G, Chen Z. Normoxia is not favorable for maintaining stemness of human endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 38:101464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Borghesi J, Ferreira Lima M, Mario LC, de Almeida da Anunciação AR, Silveira Rabelo AC, Giancoli Kato Cano da Silva M, Assunpção Fernandes F, Miglino MA, Oliveira Carreira AC, Oliveira Favaron P. Canine amniotic membrane mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: Isolation, characterization and differentiation. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:99-106. [PMID: 31133253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The amniotic membrane can be considered as one of the sources of isolation of these cells, since it is found in the fetal maternal interface and has low immunogenicity. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have not been identified in canine amniotic membrane (AMC). Therefore, our objective was to isolate, culture, characterize and differentiate cells derived from canine amniotic membrane (AMC) and to verify its immunological and tumorigenic potential. For this, 12 dogs fetuses of each gestational age 32, 43 and 55 days were used, and the isolation and culture of the AMC were performed. We observed that the cells presented fibroblastoid morphology and high confluence even after freezing. We also observed that, when induced, they were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells, as well as being CD34- and CD105+. Regarding the immunological markers, we found that IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and MHC II were not expressed, whereas MHC I was expressed. After application of AMC cells in nude mice we can verify that there was no tumor formation. Based on this, we conclude that canine amniotic membrane is a good and accessible source for obtaining MSCs of low immunogenic and tumorigenic potential for veterinary therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Lara Carolina Mario
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Assunpção Fernandes
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, University, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
SummaryChicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the primary pluripotent stem cell types that will differentiate towards germ cells. High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is considered as a functional marker for the detection of cell 'stemness'. In our study the ALDEFLUOR™ kit was used for determination of ALDH activity in PGCs. PGCs were co-stained with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) and ALDH and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed a small cell population (8.0 ± 3.3%) upon preincubation of the cells with the specific inhibitor DEAB, however cells without inhibitor staining showed a fluorescence shift as an ALDH-positive population (70.5 ± 1.6%). These findings indicate higher expression of ALDH in PGCs and ALDH activity can therefore be used as a new functional marker for the detection of cell 'stemness' in chicken PGCs. These results may have importance for characterization of PGCs as a potential genetic resource in poultry. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of this functional marker in these cells.
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22
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Cho YD, Kim KH, Ryoo HM, Lee YM, Ku Y, Seol YJ. Recent Advances of Useful Cell Sources in the Periodontal Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:3-8. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180816113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can result in destruction of the
tooth attachment apparatus. Therefore, periodontal tissue regeneration is currently an important focus of
research in the field. Approaches using stem cells and reprogrammed cells, such as induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs) or trans-differentiated cells, represent the cutting edge in periodontal regeneration,
and have led to many trials for their clinical application.
Objectives and Results:
In this review, we consider all available stem cell sources, methods to obtain
the cells, their capability to differentiate into the desired cells, and the extent of their utilization in
periodontal regeneration. In addition, we introduce the new concepts of using iPSCs and transdifferentiated
cells for periodontal regeneration. Finally, we discuss the promise of tissue engineering
for improving cell therapy outcomes for periodontal regeneration.
Conclusions:
Despite their limitations, iPSCs and trans-differentiated cells may be promising cell
sources for periodontal tissue regeneration. Further collaborative investigation is required for the effective
and safe application of these cells in combination with tissue engineering elements, like scaffolds
and biosignals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ku
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Vassalli G. Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3904645. [PMID: 30733805 PMCID: PMC6348814 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) and other molecular regulators of cellular function. Over the past decade, high ALDH activity has been increasingly used as a selectable marker for normal cell populations enriched in stem and progenitor cells, as well as for cell populations from cancer tissues enriched in tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Mounting evidence suggests that ALDH not only may be used as a marker for stem cells but also may well regulate cellular functions related to self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation. ALDH exerts its functional actions partly through RA biosynthesis, as all-trans RA reverses the functional effects of pharmacological inhibition or genetic suppression of ALDH activity in many cell types in vitro. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the role of ALDH as a stem cell marker comes down to the specific isoform(s) expressed in a particular tissue. Much emphasis has been placed on the ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 members of the ALDH1 family of cytosolic enzymes required for RA biosynthesis. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 regulate cellular function in both normal stem cells and tumor-initiating stem-like cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to drugs and radiation. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cellular function will likely open new avenues in many fields, especially in tissue regeneration and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Savitz SI, Yavagal D, Rappard G, Likosky W, Rutledge N, Graffagnino C, Alderazi Y, Elder JA, Chen PR, Budzik RF, Tarrel R, Huang DY, Hinson JM. A Phase 2 Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Internal Carotid Artery Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow–Derived ALD-401 Cells in Patients With Recent Stable Ischemic Stroke (RECOVER-Stroke). Circulation 2019; 139:192-205. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean I. Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.I.S., Y.A.)
| | | | - George Rappard
- The Brain and Spine Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA (G.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Yazan Alderazi
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.I.S., Y.A.)
| | | | - Peng R. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX (P.R.C.)
| | | | | | - David Y. Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.Y.H.)
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β-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Vascular Senescence through hnRNP A1-Mediated Upregulation of Oct4. Mol Cell 2018; 71:1064-1078.e5. [PMID: 30197300 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) elevation during fasting or caloric restriction is believed to induce anti-aging effects and alleviate aging-related neurodegeneration. However, whether β-HB alters the senescence pathway in vascular cells remains unknown. Here we report that β-HB promotes vascular cell quiescence, which significantly inhibits both stress-induced premature senescence and replicative senescence through p53-independent mechanisms. Further, we identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) as a direct binding target of β-HB. β-HB binding to hnRNP A1 markedly enhances hnRNP A1 binding with Octamer-binding transcriptional factor (Oct) 4 mRNA, which stabilizes Oct4 mRNA and Oct4 expression. Oct4 increases Lamin B1, a key factor against DNA damage-induced senescence. Finally, fasting and intraperitoneal injection of β-HB upregulate Oct4 and Lamin B1 in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in mice in vivo. We conclude that β-HB exerts anti-aging effects in vascular cells by upregulating an hnRNP A1-induced Oct4-mediated Lamin B1 pathway.
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26
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Puttini S, Plaisance I, Barile L, Cervio E, Milano G, Marcato P, Pedrazzini T, Vassalli G. ALDH1A3 Is the Key Isoform That Contributes to Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity and Affects in Vitro Proliferation in Cardiac Atrial Appendage Progenitor Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 30087899 PMCID: PMC6066537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhi) activity has been reported in normal and cancer stem cells. We and others have shown previously that human ALDHhi cardiac atrial appendage cells are enriched with stem/progenitor cells. The role of ALDH in these cells is poorly understood but it may come down to the specific ALDH isoform(s) expressed. This study aimed to compare ALDHhi and ALDHlo atrial cells and to identify the isoform(s) that contribute to ALDH activity, and their functional role. Methods and Results: Cells were isolated from atrial appendage specimens from patients with ischemic and/or valvular heart disease undergoing heart surgery. ALDHhi activity assessed with the Aldefluor reagent coincided with primitive surface marker expression (CD34+). Depending on their ALDH activity, RT-PCR analysis of ALDHhi and ALDHlo cells demonstrated a differential pattern of pluripotency genes (Oct 4, Nanog) and genes for more established cardiac lineages (Nkx2.5, Tbx5, Mef2c, GATA4). ALDHhi cells, but not ALDHlo cells, formed clones and were culture-expanded. When cultured under cardiac differentiation conditions, ALDHhi cells gave rise to a higher number of cardiomyocytes compared with ALDHlo cells. Among 19 ALDH isoforms known in human, ALDH1A3 was most highly expressed in ALDHhi atrial cells. Knocking down ALDH1A3, but not ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH2, ALDH4A1, or ALDH8A1 using siRNA decreased ALDH activity and cell proliferation in ALDHhi cells. Conversely, overexpressing ALDH1A3 with a retroviral vector increased proliferation in ALDHlo cells. Conclusions: ALDH1A3 is the key isoform responsible for ALDH activity in ALDHhi atrial appendage cells, which have a propensity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. ALDH1A3 affects in vitro proliferation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Puttini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paola Marcato
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
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27
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Lee SJ, Yi T, Ahn SH, Lim DK, Kim SN, Lee HJ, Cho YK, Lim JY, Sung JH, Yun JH, Lim J, Song SU, Kwon SW. Comparative study on metabolite level in tissue-specific human mesenchymal stem cells by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:112-122. [PMID: 29776537 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for cell-based therapy due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. They can be isolated from various adult tissues, including bone marrow, fat, dental tissue, and glandular tissue. Although they share common characteristics, little is known about the biological differences between MSC populations derived from different tissues. In this study, we used MS to compare the endogenous metabolite level in the human MSCs originating from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, periodontal ligaments, and salivary glands. Using an optimized metabolomics technique, we verified that human MSCs exhibit differences in the endogenous metabolite level depending on their source material, while the multivariate analysis showed that 5 lysophosphatidylcholines and 3 lysophosphatidylethanolamines can serve as markers for the discrimination between MSC sources and may be related to differences in their differentiation capacity. These results may significantly contribute to further mechanistic studies on the MSCs and provide novel insights into the properties and optimal usage of MSCs from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Mathematics, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Na Kim
- SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Foster BM, Zaidi D, Young TR, Mobley ME, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit in Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518044 PMCID: PMC5874688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient morbidity and mortality, but due to persisting gaps in our knowledge, it remains untreatable. Metastases often occur as patient tumors progress or recur after initial therapy. Tumor recurrence at the primary site may be driven by a cancer stem-like cell or tumor progenitor cell, while recurrence at a secondary site is driven by metastatic cancer stem cells or metastasis-initiating cells. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying and characterizing these stem-like cells driving recurrence and metastasis. One potential marker for the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation is CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with cancer progression and normal stem cell maintenance. Further, activation of CD117 by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF; kit ligand) in the progenitor cell niche stimulates several signaling pathways driving proliferation, survival, and migration. This review examines evidence that the SCF/CD117 signaling axis may contribute to the control of cancer progression through the regulation of stemness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Danish Zaidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Tyler R Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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29
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McCord M, Mukouyama YS, Gilbert MR, Jackson S. Targeting WNT Signaling for Multifaceted Glioblastoma Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:318. [PMID: 29081735 PMCID: PMC5645527 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has been of great interest to developmental biologists for decades and has more recently become a central topic for study in cancer biology. It is vital for cell growth and regulation of embryogenesis in many organ systems, particularly the CNS and its associated vasculature. We summarize the role of WNT in CNS development and describe how WNT signaling makes key contributions to malignant glioma stemness, invasiveness, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis. The role of WNT in these mechanisms, along with creation and maintainance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), points to the potential of WNT as a multi-faceted target in malignant glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McCord
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetic and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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Alsulaimani RS, Ajlan SA, Aldahmash AM, Alnabaheen MS, Ashri NY. Isolation of dental pulp stem cells from a single donor and characterization of their ability to differentiate after 2 years of cryopreservation. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:551-60. [PMID: 27146619 PMCID: PMC4880656 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.5.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the viability and differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from single donors after two years of cryopreservation. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between October 2010 and February 2014 in the Stem Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Seventeen teeth extracted from 11 participants were processed separately to assess the minimum tissue weight needed to yield cells for culturing in vitro. Cell stemness was evaluated before passage 4 using the colony forming unit assay, immunofluorescence staining, and bi-lineage differentiation. Dental pulp stem cells were cryopreserved for 2 years. Post-thaw DPSCs were cultured until senescence and differentiated toward osteogenic, odontogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Results: Viable cells were isolated successfully from 6 of the 11 participants. Three of these 6 cultured cell lines were identified as DPSCs. A minimum of 0.2 g of dental pulp tissue was required for successful isolation of viable cells from a single donor. Post-thaw DPSCs successfully differentiated towards osteogenic, odontogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. The post-thaw DPSCs were viable in vitro up to 70 days before senescence. There was no significant difference between the cells. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this investigation, viable cells from dental pulp tissue were isolated successfully from the same donor using a minimum of 2 extracted teeth. Not all isolated cells from harvested dental pulp tissue had the characteristics of DPSCs. Post-thaw DPSCs maintained their multi-lineage differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alsulaimani
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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31
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Hwang Y, Futran M, Hidalgo D, Pop R, Iyer DR, Scully R, Rhind N, Socolovsky M. Global increase in replication fork speed during a p57 KIP2-regulated erythroid cell fate switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700298. [PMID: 28560351 PMCID: PMC5446218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators are increasingly implicated in cell fate decisions, such as the acquisition or loss of pluripotency and self-renewal potential. The cell cycle mechanisms that regulate these cell fate decisions are largely unknown. We studied an S phase-dependent cell fate switch, in which murine early erythroid progenitors transition in vivo from a self-renewal state into a phase of active erythroid gene transcription and concurrent maturational cell divisions. We found that progenitors are dependent on p57KIP2-mediated slowing of replication forks for self-renewal, a novel function for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The switch to differentiation entails rapid down-regulation of p57KIP2 with a consequent global increase in replication fork speed and an abruptly shorter S phase. Our work suggests that cell cycles with specialized global DNA replication dynamics are integral to the maintenance of specific cell states and to cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Melinda Futran
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Divya Ramalingam Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ralph Scully
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Rhind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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32
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Matsumine H, Numakura K, Tsunoda S, Wang H, Matsumine R, Climov M, Giatsidis G, Sukhatme VP, Orgill DP. Adipose-derived aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing cells promote dermal regenerative potential with collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:109-119. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Matsumine
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- The Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
| | - Satoshi Tsunoda
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Huan Wang
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
| | - Rui Matsumine
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Mihail Climov
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
| | - Vikas P. Sukhatme
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
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33
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Arbatlı S, Aslan GS, Kocabaş F. Stem Cells in Regenerative Cardiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:37-53. [PMID: 29064067 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The common prevalence of heart failure and limitations in its treatment are leading cause of attention and interest towards the induction of cardiac regeneration with novel approaches. Recent studies provide growing evidence regarding bona fide cardiac regeneration post genetic manipulations, administration of stimulatory factors and myocardial injuries in animal models and human studies. To this end, stem cells of different sources have been tested to treat heart failure for the development of cellular therapies. Endogenous and exogenous stem cells sources used in regenerative cardiology have provided a proof of concept and applicability of cellular therapies in myocardial improvement. Recent clinical studies, especially, based on the endogenous cardiac progenitor and stem cells highlighted the possibility to regenerate lost cardiomyocytes in the myocardium. This review discusses emerging concepts in cardiac stem cell therapy, their sources and route of administration, and plausibility of de novo cardiomyocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Arbatlı
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Galip Servet Aslan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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34
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Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from caprine umbilical cord tissue matrix. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:653-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Machado CV, Passos ST, Campos TMC, Bernardi L, Vilas-Bôas DS, Nör JE, Telles PDS, Nascimento IL. The dental pulp stem cell niche based on aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression. Int Endod J 2016; 49:755-63. [PMID: 26198909 PMCID: PMC4723291 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To detect cells expressing the stem cell marker ALDH1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase1) in the pulp of human permanent teeth and to investigate the expression of ALDH1 in isolated dental pulp cells. METHODOLOGY Pulp tissue was collected and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect ALDH1-, STRO-1- and CD90-positive cells. In addition, cells were isolated and analysed by flow cytometry for ALDH1 activity and for the cell surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, STRO-1 and CD45. Cells were also examined for multidifferentiation capacity. Within these cells, an ALDH1(+) cell subpopulation was selected and evaluated for multidifferentiation capacity. RESULTS The immunohistochemistry analyses showed that ALDH1-, CD90- and STRO-1-positive cells were located mainly in the perivascular areas and nerve fibres of dental pulps. Cells on the fifth passage had high expression for CD44, CD73 and CD90, whereas moderate labelling was observed for STRO-1 and ALDH1 in flow cytometry analysis. On the same passages, cells were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The ALDH1(+) cell subpopulation also demonstrated multilineage differentiation ability. CONCLUSIONS Dental pulp stem cells reside in the vicinity of blood vessels and nerve fibres, indicating the possible existence of more than one stem cell niche in dental pulps. Furthermore, ALDH1 was expressed by isolated dental pulp cells, which had mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. Thus, it can be suggested that ALDH1 may be used as a DPSC marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Machado
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - S T Passos
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - T M C Campos
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - L Bernardi
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - D S Vilas-Bôas
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - J E Nör
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - P D S Telles
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - I L Nascimento
- Department of Bio-Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Li CW, Chen BS. Investigating core genetic-and-epigenetic cell cycle networks for stemness and carcinogenic mechanisms, and cancer drug design using big database mining and genome-wide next-generation sequencing data. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2593-2607. [PMID: 27295129 PMCID: PMC5053590 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1198862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cell cycle plays a central role in development and carcinogenesis. Thus, the use of big databases and genome-wide high-throughput data to unravel the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression in stem cells and cancer cells is a matter of considerable interest. Real genetic-and-epigenetic cell cycle networks (GECNs) of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and HeLa cancer cells were constructed by applying system modeling, system identification, and big database mining to genome-wide next-generation sequencing data. Real GECNs were then reduced to core GECNs of HeLa cells and ESCs by applying principal genome-wide network projection. In this study, we investigated potential carcinogenic and stemness mechanisms for systems cancer drug design by identifying common core and specific GECNs between HeLa cells and ESCs. Integrating drug database information with the specific GECNs of HeLa cells could lead to identification of multiple drugs for cervical cancer treatment with minimal side-effects on the genes in the common core. We found that dysregulation of miR-29C, miR-34A, miR-98, and miR-215; and methylation of ANKRD1, ARID5B, CDCA2, PIF1, STAMBPL1, TROAP, ZNF165, and HIST1H2AJ in HeLa cells could result in cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis through NFκB, TGF-β, and PI3K pathways. We also identified 3 drugs, methotrexate, quercetin, and mimosine, which repressed the activated cell cycle genes, ARID5B, STK17B, and CCL2, in HeLa cells with minimal side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
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37
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Kim DS, Lee MW, Ko YJ, Chun YH, Kim HJ, Sung KW, Koo HH, Yoo KH. Cell culture density affects the proliferation activity of human adipose tissue stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:16-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Myoung Woo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Jong Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | | | | | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
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38
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Vapniarsky N, Arzi B, Hu JC, Nolta JA, Athanasiou KA. Concise Review: Human Dermis as an Autologous Source of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1187-98. [PMID: 26253713 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The exciting potential for regenerating organs from autologous stem cells is on the near horizon, and adult dermis stem cells (DSCs) are particularly appealing because of the ease and relative minimal invasiveness of skin collection. A substantial number of reports have described DSCs and their potential for regenerating tissues from mesenchymal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages; however, the exact niches of these stem cells in various skin types and their antigenic surface makeup are not yet clearly defined. The multilineage potential of DSCs appears to be similar, despite great variability in isolation and in vitro propagation methods. Despite this great potential, only limited amounts of tissues and clinical applications for organ regeneration have been developed from DSCs. This review summarizes the literature on DSCs regarding their niches and the specific markers they express. The concept of the niches and the differentiation capacity of cells residing in them along particular lineages is discussed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of widely used methods to demonstrate lineage differentiation are considered. In addition, safety considerations and the most recent advancements in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration using DSCs are discussed. This review concludes with thoughts on how to prospectively approach engineering of tissues and organ regeneration using DSCs. Our expectation is that implementation of the major points highlighted in this review will lead to major advancements in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE Autologous dermis-derived stem cells are generating great excitement and efforts in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The substantial impact of this review lies in its critical coverage of the available literature and in providing insight regarding niches, characteristics, and isolation methods of stem cells derived from the human dermis. Furthermore, it provides analysis of the current state-of-the-art regenerative approaches using human-derived dermal stem cells, with consideration of current guidelines, to assist translation toward therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Pinto JP, Kalathur RK, Oliveira DV, Barata T, Machado RSR, Machado S, Pacheco-Leyva I, Duarte I, Futschik ME. StemChecker: a web-based tool to discover and explore stemness signatures in gene sets. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:W72-7. [PMID: 26007653 PMCID: PMC4489266 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells present unique regenerative abilities, offering great potential for treatment of prevalent pathologies such as diabetes, neurodegenerative and heart diseases. Various research groups dedicated significant effort to identify sets of genes—so-called stemness signatures—considered essential to define stem cells. However, their usage has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive resources and easy-to-use tools. For this we developed StemChecker, a novel stemness analysis tool, based on the curation of nearly fifty published stemness signatures defined by gene expression, RNAi screens, Transcription Factor (TF) binding sites, literature reviews and computational approaches. StemChecker allows researchers to explore the presence of stemness signatures in user-defined gene sets, without carrying-out lengthy literature curation or data processing. To assist in exploring underlying regulatory mechanisms, we collected over 80 target gene sets of TFs associated with pluri- or multipotency. StemChecker presents an intuitive graphical display, as well as detailed statistical results in table format, which helps revealing transcriptionally regulatory programs, indicating the putative involvement of stemness-associated processes in diseases like cancer. Overall, StemChecker substantially expands the available repertoire of online tools, designed to assist the stem cell biology, developmental biology, regenerative medicine and human disease research community. StemChecker is freely accessible at http://stemchecker.sysbiolab.eu.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P Pinto
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ravi K Kalathur
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Tânia Barata
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Rui S R Machado
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Susana Machado
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, 8005-139, Portugal
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Timing of peripheral blood stem cell yield: comparison of alternative methods with the classic method for CD34+ cell determination. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:575368. [PMID: 25276799 PMCID: PMC4172884 DOI: 10.1155/2014/575368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), still represent a certain mystery in biology, have a unique property of dividing into equal cells and repopulating the hematopoietic tissue. This potential enables their use in transplantation treatments. The quality of the HSC grafts for transplantation is evaluated by flow cytometric determination of the CD34(+) cells, which enables optimal timing of the first apheresis and the acquisition of maximal yield of the peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). To identify a more efficient method for evaluating CD34(+) cells, we compared the following alternative methods with the reference method: hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) enumeration (using the Sysmex XE-2100 analyser), detection of CD133(+) cells, and quantification of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the PBSCs. 266 aphereses (84 patients) were evaluated. In the preapheretic blood, the new methods produced data that were in agreement with the reference method. The ROC curves have shown that for the first-day apheresis target, the optimal predictive cut-off value was 0.032 cells/mL for the HPC method (sensitivity 73.4%, specificity 69.3%). HPC method exhibited a definite practical superiority as compared to other methods tested. HPC enumeration could serve as a supplementary method for the optimal timing of the first apheresis; it is simple, rapid, and cheap.
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Kim SH, Seo BM, Choung PH, Lee YM. Adult stem cell therapy for periodontal disease. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 3:16-21. [PMID: 24855536 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2010.3.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss and characterized by inflammation of tooth-supporting structures. Recently, the association between periodontal disease and other health problems has been reported, the importance of treating periodontal disease for general health is more emphasized. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues. The development of adult stem cell research enables to improve the cell-based tissue engineering for periodontal regeneration. In this review, we present the results of experimental pre-clinical studies and a brief overview of the current state of stem cells therapy for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Moo Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Dong R, Du J, Wang L, Wang J, Ding G, Wang S, Fan Z. Comparison of long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament and bone marrow. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:317853. [PMID: 24790996 PMCID: PMC3985196 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different anatomic locations possess diverse biological activities. Maintaining the pluripotent state and differentiation depend on the expression and regulation of thousands of genes, but it remains unclear which molecular mechanisms underlie MSC diversity. Thus, potential MSC applications are restricted. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the complex molecular circuitry of cellular processes. We investigated differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with lncRNA microarray assays and bioinformatics analysis. In PDLSCs, numerous lncRNAs were significantly upregulated (n = 457) or downregulated (n = 513) compared to BMSCs. Furthermore, 1,578 mRNAs were differentially expressed. These genes implicated cellular pathways that may be associated with MSC characteristics, including apoptosis, MAPK, cell cycle, and Wnt signaling pathway. Signal-net analysis indicated that phospholipase C beta 4, filamin B beta, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma, and the ionotropic glutamate receptor, AMPA 1, had the highest betweenness centrality among significant genes in the differential gene profile network. A comparison between the coding-noncoding gene coexpression networks of PDLSCs and BMSCs identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 as a core regulatory factor in MSC biology. These results provided insight into the mechanisms underlying MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, No. 4138 Linglong Mountain South Road, Qinzhou 262500, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China
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43
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Gili M, Orsello A, Gallo S, Brizzi MF. Diabetes-associated macrovascular complications: cell-based therapy a new tool? Endocrine 2013; 44:557-75. [PMID: 23543434 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its ongoing macrovascular complications represent one of the major health problems around the world. Rise in obesity and population ages correlate with the increased incidence of diabetes. This highlights the need for novel approaches to prevent and treat this pandemic. The discovery of a reservoir of stem/progenitors in bone marrow and in mesenchymal tissue has attracted interest of both biologists and clinicians. A number of preclinical and clinical trials were developed to explore their potential clinical impact, as target or vehicle, in different clinical settings, including diabetes complications. Currently, bone marrow, peripheral blood, mesenchymal, and adipose tissues have been used as stem/progenitor cell sources. However, evidences have been provided that both bone marrow and circulating progenitor cells are dysfunctional in diabetes. These observations along with the growing advantages in genetic manipulation have spurred researchers to exploit ex vivo manipulated cells to overcome these hurdles. In this article, we provide an overview of data relevant to stem-progenitors potential clinical application in revascularization and/or vascular repair. Moreover, the hurdles at using progenitor cells in diabetic patients will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Gili
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Genetic, epigenetic and stem cell alterations in endometriosis: new insights and potential therapeutic perspectives. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 126:123-38. [PMID: 24059589 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue, undergoing periodic growth and regression at each menstrual cycle. Endometriosis is a frequent chronic pathological status characterized by endometrial tissue with an ectopic localization, causing pelvic pain and infertility and a variable clinical presentation. In addition, there is well-established evidence that, although endometriosis is considered benign, it is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation in approximately 1.0% of affected women, with the involvement of multiple pathways of development. Increasing evidence supports a key contribution of different stem/progenitor cell populations not only in the cyclic regeneration of eutopic endometrium, but also in the pathogenesis of at least some types of endometriosis. Evidence has arisen from experiments in animal models of disease through different kinds of assays (including clonogenicity, the label-retaining cell approach, the analysis of undifferentiation markers), as well as from descriptive studies on ectopic and eutopic tissue samples harvested from affected women. Changes in stem cell populations in endometriotic lesions are associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations, including imbalance of miRNA expression, histone and DNA modifications and chromosomal aberrations. The present short review mainly summarizes the latest observations contributing to the current knowledge regarding the presence and the potential contribution of stem/progenitor cells in eutopic endometrium and the aetiology of endometriosis, together with a report of the most recently identified genetic and epigenetic alterations in endometriosis. We also describe the potential advantages of single cell molecular profiling in endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. All these data can have clinical implications and provide a basis for new potential therapeutic applications.
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Adams A, Warner K, Nör JE. Salivary gland cancer stem cells. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:845-853. [PMID: 23810400 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the existence of a tumorigenic population of cancer cells that demonstrate stem cell-like properties such as self-renewal and multipotency. These cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), are able to both initiate and maintain tumor formation and progression. Studies have shown that CSC are resistant to traditional chemotherapy treatments preventing complete eradication of the tumor cell population. Following treatment, CSC are able to re-initiate tumor growth leading to patient relapse. Salivary gland cancers are relatively rare but constitute a highly significant public health issue due to the lack of effective treatments. In particular, patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma, the two most common salivary malignancies, have low long-term survival rates due to the lack of response to current therapies. Considering the role of CSC in resistance to therapy in other tumor types, it is possible that this unique sub-population of cells is involved in resistance of salivary gland tumors to treatment. Characterization of CSC can lead to better understanding of the pathobiology of salivary gland malignancies as well as to the development of more effective therapies. Here, we make a brief overview of the state-of-the-science in salivary gland cancer, and discuss possible implications of the cancer stem cell hypothesis to the treatment of salivary gland malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Adams
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Kristy Warner
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, United States.
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Machado CDV, Telles PDDS, Nascimento ILO. Immunological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013; 35:62-7. [PMID: 23580887 PMCID: PMC3621638 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bone marrow is the main source, mesenchymal stem cells have already been isolated from various other tissues, such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, peripheral blood and dental pulp. These plastic adherent cells are morphologically similar to fibroblasts and have a high proliferative potential. This special group of cells possesses two essential characteristics: self-renewal and differentiation, with appropriate stimuli, into various cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered immunologically privileged, since they do not express costimulatory molecules, required for complete T cell activation, on their surface. Several studies have shown that these cells exert an immunosuppressive effect on cells from both innate and acquired immunity systems. Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the immune response in vitro by inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells, as well as by suppressing the proliferation and function of T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. These special properties of mesenchymal stem cells make them a promising strategy in the treatment of immune mediated disorders, such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune diseases, as well as in regenerative medicine. The understanding of immune regulation mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells, and also those involved in the differentiation of these cells in various lineages is primordial for their successful and safe application in different areas of medicine.
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Zahreddine H, Borden KLB. Mechanisms and insights into drug resistance in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:28. [PMID: 23504227 PMCID: PMC3596793 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance continues to be a major impediment in medical oncology. Clinically, resistance can arise prior to or as a result of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss different mechanisms adapted by cancerous cells to resist treatment, including alteration in drug transport and metabolism, mutation and amplification of drug targets, as well as genetic rewiring which can lead to impaired apoptosis. Tumor heterogeneity may also contribute to resistance, where small subpopulations of cells may acquire or stochastically already possess some of the features enabling them to emerge under selective drug pressure. Making the problem even more challenging, some of these resistance pathways lead to multidrug resistance, generating an even more difficult clinical problem to overcome. We provide examples of these mechanisms and some insights into how understanding these processes can influence the next generation of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Zahreddine
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
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Roehrich ME, Spicher A, Milano G, Vassalli G. Characterization of cardiac-resident progenitor cells expressing high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:503047. [PMID: 23484127 PMCID: PMC3581094 DOI: 10.1155/2013/503047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been associated with stem and progenitor cells in various tissues. Human cord blood and bone marrow ALDH-bright (ALDH(br)) cells have displayed angiogenic activity in preclinical studies and have been shown to be safe in clinical trials in patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease. The presence of ALDH(br) cells in the heart has not been evaluated so far. We have characterized ALDH(br) cells isolated from mouse hearts. One percent of nonmyocytic cells from neonatal and adult hearts were ALDH(br). ALDH(very-br) cells were more frequent in neonatal hearts than adult. ALDH(br) cells were more frequent in atria than ventricles. Expression of ALDH1A1 isozyme transcripts was highest in ALDH(very-br) cells, intermediate in ALDH(br) cells, and lowest in ALDH(dim) cells. ALDH1A2 expression was highest in ALDH(very-br) cells, intermediate in ALDH(dim) cells, and lowest in ALDH(br) cells. ALDH1A3 and ALDH2 expression was detectable in ALDH(very-br) and ALDH(br) cells, unlike ALDH(dim) cells, albeit at lower levels compared with ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2. Freshly isolated ALDH(br) cells were enriched for cells expressing stem cell antigen-1, CD34, CD90, CD44, and CD106. ALDH(br) cells, unlike ALDH(dim) cells, could be grown in culture for more than 40 passages. They expressed sarcomeric α -actinin and could be differentiated along multiple mesenchymal lineages. However, the proportion of ALDH(br) cells declined with cell passage. In conclusion, the cardiac-derived ALDH(br) population is enriched for progenitor cells that exhibit mesenchymal progenitor-like characteristics and can be expanded in culture. The regenerative potential of cardiac-derived ALDH(br) cells remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Estienne Roehrich
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Spicher
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Avenue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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Human serum promotes the proliferation but not the stemness genes expression of human adipose-derived stem cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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