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Yu H, Bian Q, Wang X, Wang X, Lai L, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Ban B. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2: Tumor biology, signaling pathway and therapeutic targeting (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:45. [PMID: 38240088 PMCID: PMC10828922 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein that serves critical roles in antiretroviral defense in the innate immune response. In addition, it has been suggested that BST2 is highly expressed in various types of human cancer and high BST2 expression is related to different clinicopathological parameters in cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying BST2 as a potential tumor biomarker in human solid tumors has been reported on; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no review published on the molecular mechanism of BST2 in human solid tumors. The present review focuses on human BST2 expression, structure and functions; the molecular mechanisms of BST2 in breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastrointestinal tumor and other solid tumors; the therapeutic potential of BST2; and the possibility of BST2 as a potential marker. BST2 is involved in cell membrane integrity and lipid raft formation, which can activate epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways, providing a potential mechanistic link between BST2 and tumorigenesis. Notably, BST2 may be considered a universal tumor biomarker and a potential therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhe Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Luhao Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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2
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Dolton G, Rius C, Wall A, Szomolay B, Bianchi V, Galloway SAE, Hasan MS, Morin T, Caillaud ME, Thomas HL, Theaker S, Tan LR, Fuller A, Topley K, Legut M, Attaf M, Hopkins JR, Behiry E, Zabkiewicz J, Alvares C, Lloyd A, Rogers A, Henley P, Fegan C, Ottmann O, Man S, Crowther MD, Donia M, Svane IM, Cole DK, Brown PE, Rizkallah P, Sewell AK. Targeting of multiple tumor-associated antigens by individual T cell receptors during successful cancer immunotherapy. Cell 2023; 186:3333-3349.e27. [PMID: 37490916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The T cells of the immune system can target tumors and clear solid cancers following tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. We used combinatorial peptide libraries and a proteomic database to reveal the antigen specificities of persistent cancer-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) following successful TIL therapy for stage IV malignant melanoma. Remarkably, individual TCRs could target multiple different tumor types via the HLA A∗02:01-restricted epitopes EAAGIGILTV, LLLGIGILVL, and NLSALGIFST from Melan A, BST2, and IMP2, respectively. Atomic structures of a TCR bound to all three antigens revealed the importance of the shared x-x-x-A/G-I/L-G-I-x-x-x recognition motif. Multi-epitope targeting allows individual T cells to attack cancer in several ways simultaneously. Such "multipronged" T cells exhibited superior recognition of cancer cells compared with conventional T cell recognition of individual epitopes, making them attractive candidates for the development of future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Dolton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Cristina Rius
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aaron Wall
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Systems Immunology Research Institute, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valentina Bianchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah A E Galloway
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Md Samiul Hasan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Théo Morin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Marine E Caillaud
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hannah L Thomas
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Theaker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Rong Tan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anna Fuller
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Katie Topley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Mateusz Legut
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Meriem Attaf
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jade R Hopkins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Enas Behiry
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Joanna Zabkiewicz
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Caroline Alvares
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Angharad Lloyd
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amber Rogers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Peter Henley
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Christopher Fegan
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stephen Man
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Michael D Crowther
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK; National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David K Cole
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paul E Brown
- The Zeeman Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Pierre Rizkallah
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunology Research Institute, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, UK.
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3
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Awwad MHS, Mahmoud A, Bruns H, Echchannaoui H, Kriegsmann K, Lutz R, Raab MS, Bertsch U, Munder M, Jauch A, Weisel K, Maier B, Weinhold N, Salwender HJ, Eckstein V, Hänel M, Fenk R, Dürig J, Brors B, Benner A, Müller-Tidow C, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Selective elimination of immunosuppressive T cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2021; 35:2602-2615. [PMID: 33597728 PMCID: PMC8410603 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of suppressive T cells may enable and enhance cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the cell membrane protein SLAMF7 was highly expressed on immunosuppressive CD8+CD28-CD57+ Tregs in multiple myeloma (MM). SLAMF7 expression associated with T cell exhaustion surface markers and exhaustion-related transcription factor signatures. T cells from patients with a high frequency of SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells exhibited decreased immunoreactivity towards the MART-1aa26-35*A27L antigen. A monoclonal anti-SLAMF7 antibody (elotuzumab) specifically depleted SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo via macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Anti-SLAMF7 treatment of MM patients depleted suppressive T cells in peripheral blood. These data highlight SLAMF7 as a marker for suppressive CD8+ Treg and suggest that anti-SLAMF7 antibodies can be used to boost anti-tumoral immune responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. S. Awwad
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdelrahman Mahmoud
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Hematology and Oncology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Third Department of Medicine, University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Erlangen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (Dktk), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Lutz
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc S. Raab
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Bertsch
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Munder
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Third Department of Medicine, University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Weisel
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Oncology, Hematology and BMT, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Maier
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Weinhold
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Eckstein
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- grid.459629.50000 0004 0389 4214Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Düsseldorf University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Hematology, Essen University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Plaumann J, Engelhardt M, Awwad MHS, Echchannaoui H, Amman E, Raab MS, Hillengass J, Halama N, Neuber B, Müller-Tidow C, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. IL-10 inducible CD8 + regulatory T-cells are enriched in patients with multiple myeloma and impact the generation of antigen-specific T-cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1695-1707. [PMID: 30128739 PMCID: PMC11028289 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-mediated immunosuppression via regulatory T-cells is a key player among the various immune-escape mechanisms in multiple myeloma. We analyzed the generation, distribution, function and immunophenotype of CD8+CD28- regulatory T-cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Functionality of CD8+CD28- T-cells was assessed by immunological assays using ex vivo generated antigen-specific T-cells from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and healthy donors. Detailed analysis of distribution, immunophenotype and cytotoxic potential of CD8+CD28- T-cells was performed by flow cytometry and ELISA. We found that the amount of CD8+CD28- T-cells was directly correlated with the suppression of antigen-specific T-cell responses in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Analyzing the CD8+CD28- T-cells in detail, increased numbers of these cells were observed in the bone marrow (i.e., tumor microenvironment) of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Furthermore, we identified the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) as a marker of immunosuppression and defined the CD8+CD28-CD57+LFA-1high population as the relevant immunosuppressive compartment. These regulatory T-cells act as immunosuppressors via soluble factors and incubation with IL-10 augmented their immunosuppressive capacity. The immunosuppressive regulatory network of IL-10 and the CD8+CD28-CD57+LFA-1high regulatory T-cells show unique characteristics and contribute to the tumor immune escape mechanism in patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Plaumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed H S Awwad
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Amman
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc S Raab
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Kim SC, Hong CW, Jang SG, Kim YA, Yoo BC, Shin YK, Jeong SY, Ku JL, Park JG. Establishment and Characterization of Paired Primary and Peritoneal Seeding Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Identification of Genes That Mediate Metastatic Potential. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1232-1243. [PMID: 30114595 PMCID: PMC6097464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is one of the major patterns of unresectability in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a cause of death in advanced CRC. Identification of distinct gene expressions between primary CRC and peritoneal seeding metastasis is to predict the metastatic potential of primary human CRC. Three pairs of primary CRC (SNU-2335A, SNU-2404A, and SNU-2414A) and corresponding peritoneal seeding (SNU-2335D, SNU-2404B, and SNU-2414B) cell lines were established to determine the different gene expressions and resulting aberrated signaling pathways in peritoneal metastasis tumor using whole exome sequencing and microarray. Whole exome sequencing detected that mutation in CYP2A7 was exclusively shared in peritoneal seeding cell lines. Microarray identified that there were five upregulated genes (CNN3, SORBS1, BST2, EPSTI1, and KLHL5) and two downregulated genes (TRY6 and STYL5) in the peritoneal metastatic cell lines. CNN3 expression was highly augmented in both mRNA and protein levels in peritoneal metastasis cells. Knockdown of Calponin 3 resulted in augmented level of E-cadherin in peritoneal metastasis cells, and migration and invasiveness decreased accordingly. We suggest that CNN3 takes part in cell projection and movement, and the detection and distribution of CNN3 may render prognostic information for predicting peritoneal seeding metastasis from primary colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Chan Kim
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Sang-Geun Jang
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ye-Ah Kim
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byong-Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Shin
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Jeong
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jae-Gahb Park
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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6
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Awwad MHS, Kriegsmann K, Plaumann J, Benn M, Hillengass J, Raab MS, Bertsch U, Munder M, Weisel K, Salwender HJ, Hänel M, Fenk R, Dürig J, Müller-Tidow C, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. The prognostic and predictive value of IKZF1 and IKZF3 expression in T-cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1486356. [PMID: 30288348 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: While recent studies described the role of IKZF1/3 proteins in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, few have highlighted the significance of IKZF1/3 expression in T-cells. In this study we examine the prognostic and predictive value of IKZF1/3 expression in T-cells in patients with MM stage III. Experimental design: We analysed the IKZF1/3 expression levels in T-cells from 45 MM stage I (MMI) and 50 newly diagnosed MM stage III (MMIII) patients, according to Durie-Salmon staging system, by flow cytometry to examine their prognostic and predictive value. We also combined in vivo observations with in vitro assays to determine the effect of IKZF1/3 expression on the T-cell immunophenotype and anti-tumour T-cell response in 162 MMIII patients. Results: We found that high IKZF3, but not IKZF1, expression in T-cells correlates with superior overall survival in MMIII patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide). Moreover, we show that higher IKZF3 expression in T-cells inhibits myeloma-specific T-cell response in vitro and that the immunophenotype of patients with high IKZF3 expression shows features that are contrary to the changes induced by immunomodulatory drugs. Although we observed higher IKZF3 expression levels in T-cells from patients with MMIII compared to MMI, IKZF3 expression was unaffected by the tumour microenvironment. Conclusion: In conclusion, IKZF3 expression in T-cells is a predictive value for clinical outcome in MMIII patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs due to its profound modulation of T-cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H S Awwad
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Plaumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Benn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc S Raab
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Munder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Weisel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumour Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Guang MHZ, McCann A, Bianchi G, Zhang L, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P, Anderson KC. Overcoming multiple myeloma drug resistance in the era of cancer 'omics'. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:542-561. [PMID: 28610537 PMCID: PMC6152877 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1337115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is among the most compelling examples of cancer in which research has markedly improved the length and quality of lives of those afflicted. Research efforts have led to 18 newly approved treatments over the last 12 years, including seven in 2015. However, despite significant improvement in overall survival, MM remains incurable as most patients inevitably, yet unpredictably, develop refractory disease. Recent advances in high-throughput 'omics' techniques afford us an unprecedented opportunity to (1) understand drug resistance at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level; (2) discover novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers; (3) develop novel therapeutic targets and rational drug combinations; and (4) optimize risk-adapted strategies to circumvent drug resistance, thus bringing us closer to a cure for MM. In this review, we provide an overview of 'omics' technologies in MM biomarker and drug discovery, highlighting recent insights into MM drug resistance gleaned from the use of 'omics' techniques. Moving from the bench to bedside, we also highlight future trends in MM, with a focus on the potential use of 'omics' technologies as diagnostic, prognostic, or response/relapse monitoring tools to guide therapeutic decisions anchored upon highly individualized, targeted, durable, and rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho Zhi Guang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Ma J, Li Q, Yu Z, Cao Z, Liu S, Chen L, Li H, Gao S, Yan T, Wang Y, Liu Q. Immunotherapy Strategies Against Multiple Myeloma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017. [PMCID: PMC5762093 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617743155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal B-cell malignancy characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, the presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum and/or urine, decreased normal immunoglobulin levels, and lytic bone disease. Patients with multiple myeloma benefit from combination therapy including novel therapeutic agents followed by autologous stem cell transplantation prolonged maintenance therapy. However, multiple myeloma remains incurable; most patients with multiple myeloma will eventually become resistant to chemotherapy, and progression or relapse of the disease is inevitable. Immunotherapy represents a novel therapeutic approach with few adverse effects and good targeting capability that might be a powerful pool to allow long-term control of minimal residual disease. This article reviews the literature evaluating 4 major immunotherapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma including cellular immunotherapy, humoral immunotherapy, radio immunotherapy, and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tinghui Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Schmitt M, Hückelhoven AG, Hundemer M, Schmitt A, Lipp S, Emde M, Salwender H, Hänel M, Weisel K, Bertsch U, Dürig J, Ho AD, Blau IW, Goldschmidt H, Seckinger A, Hose D. Frequency of expression and generation of T-cell responses against antigens on multiple myeloma cells in patients included in the GMMG-MM5 trial. Oncotarget 2016; 8:84847-84862. [PMID: 29156688 PMCID: PMC5689578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raising T-cell response against antigens either expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells (e.g. HM1.24) or aberrantly on myeloma cells only (e.g. cancer testis antigens, CTA) by vaccination is a potential treatment approach for multiple myeloma. Results Expression by GEP is found for HM1.24 in all, HMMR in 318/458 (69.4%), MAGE-A3 in 209/458 (45.6%), NY-ESO-1/2 in 40/458 (8.7%), and WT-1 in 4/458 (0.8%) of samples with the pattern being confirmed by RNA-sequencing. T-cell-activation is found in 9/26 (34.6%) of patient samples, i.e. against HM1.24 (4/24), RHAMM-R3 (3/26), RHAMM1-8 (2/14), WT-1 (1/11), NY-ESO-1/2 (1/9), and MAGE-A3 (2/8). In 7/19 T-cell activation responses, myeloma cells lack respective antigen-expression. Expression of MAGE-A3, HMMR and NY-ESO-1/2 is associated with adverse survival. Experimental design We assessed expression of HM1.24 and the CTAs MAGE-A3, NY-ESO-1/2, WT-1 and HMMR in CD138-purified myeloma cell samples of previously untreated myeloma patients in the GMMG-MM5 multicenter-trial by gene expression profiling (GEP; n = 458) and RNA-sequencing (n = 152) as potential population regarding vaccination trials. We then validated the feasibility to generate T-cell responses (n = 72) against these antigens by IFN-γ EliSpot-assay (n = 26) related to antigen expression (n = 22). Lastly, we assessed survival impact of antigen expression in an independent cohort of 247 patients treated by high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Conclusions As T-cell responses can only be raised in a subfraction of patients despite antigen expression, and the number of responses increases with more antigens used, vaccination strategies should assess patients’ antigen expression and use a “cocktail” of peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmitt
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hundemer
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lipp
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Emde
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Salwender
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katja Weisel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Wolfgang Blau
- Medical Clinic III Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany.,Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang Q, Mi Z, Huang Y, Ma L, Ding J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Guo F, Li X, Cen S. 2-thio-6-azauridine inhibits Vpu mediated BST-2 degradation. Retrovirology 2016; 13:13. [PMID: 26935098 PMCID: PMC4776379 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud
BST-2 is an interferon-induced host restriction factor that inhibits the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses from infected cells by physically trapping the newly formed virions onto the host cell surface. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) encodes an accessory protein Vpu that antagonizes BST-2 by down-regulating BST-2 from the cell surface. Results Using a cell-based ELISA screening system, we have discovered a lead compound, 2-thio-6-azauridine, that restores cell surface BST-2 level in the presence of Vpu. This compound has no effect on the expression of BST-2 and Vpu, but inhibits Vpu-mediated BST-2 down-regulation and exerts no effect on Vpu-induced down-regulation of CD4 or KSHV K5 protein induced BST-2 down-regulation. 2-thio-6-azauridine suppresses HIV-1 production in a BST-2-dependent manner. Further results indicate that 2-thio-6-azauridine does not interrupt the interaction of BST-2 with Vpu and β-TrCP2, but decreases BST-2 ubiquitination. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using small molecules to target Vpu function and sensitize wild type HIV-1 to BST-2-mediated host restriction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zeyun Mi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yuming Huang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Krämer I, Engelhardt M, Fichtner S, Neuber B, Medenhoff S, Bertsch U, Hillengass J, Raab MS, Hose D, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Lenalidomide enhances myeloma-specific T-cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1139662. [PMID: 27467960 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1139662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is an important part of lenalidomide's mode of action. We analyzed the impact of lenalidomide on T cells from patients with multiple myeloma during lenalidomide therapy in vivo and in patients with lenalidomide-refractory disease in vitro Patients enrolled in the German Speaking Myeloma Multicenter Group (GMMG) MM5 trial received a consolidation therapy with two cycles of lenalidomide after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Half of the study population continued treatment with lenalidomide maintenance therapy for 2 y, while the other patients received lenalidomide maintenance therapy until complete remission. We analyzed 58 patients with (n = 30) or without (n = 28) lenalidomide therapy and 12 patients refractory to lenalidomide with regards to their anti-myeloma-specific T-cell responses displayed by IFNγ, Granzyme B, and Perforin secretion. The immunophenotype of T-cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Significantly, more myeloma-specific T-cell responses were observed in patients during lenalidomide therapy, compared to patients without treatment. Furthermore, we found on T-cells from patients treated with lenalidomide a decreased CD45RA expression, indicating a maturated immunophenotype and a decreased expression of CD57, indicating functional T cells. An improved myeloma-specific T-cell response was observed in 6 out of 12 heavily pretreated patients (refractory to lenalidomide) after in vitro incubation with lenalidomide. Complementary to the results in vivo, lenalidomide decreased CD45RA expression on T cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Fichtner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergej Medenhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Bertsch
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc-Steffen Raab
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Kumar J, Kale V, Limaye L. Umbilical cord blood-derived CD11c(+) dendritic cells could serve as an alternative allogeneic source of dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:184. [PMID: 26407613 PMCID: PMC4583174 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allogenic dendritic cells (DCs) generated from healthy donors, who are complete or partially HLA-matched, have been used for clinical trials. One of the sources for allogenic DCs is umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells. However, as far as cord blood cells are concerned, looking at their naïve nature, there is a concern as to whether the DCs generated from them will have enough potential to elicit a proper T cell response. For this, we compared CD11c+ UCB-DCs/ Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with the conventional source, i.e. peripheral blood (PBL) monocyte DCs/CTLs, using various parameters. Methods CD11c+ DCs generated from the two sources were compared morphologically, phenotypically and functionally. Functional assays included antigen uptake, chemotactic migration and MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction). The CTLs generated were examined for the activation markers, granzyme A & granzyme B, and IFN-γ secretion. MUC1 (STAPPVHNV) peptide-specific CTLs were quantified by Streptamer staining. In vitro CTL activity was assessed by their efficiency in killing MCF-7 cells. For in vivo CTL assay, a xenograft of MCF-7-luc-F5 cells in female NOD/SCID mice was employed. Regression of tumors in mice was monitored using an in vivo imaging system before and after ten days of CTL infusion. Statistical analysis of all the experiments between the two groups was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Results The CD11c+ DCs from the two sources were morphologically and phenotypically similar. Their capacity to uptake antigen, migration towards CCL-19 and MLR activity were equivalent. UCB-CTLs had significantly higher levels of activation markers, number of MUC1 specific CTLs, IFN-γ secretion and IL-12p70/IL-10 ratio than that of PBL-CTLs. Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained tumor sections showed T cell infiltration, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. In vivo CTL activity was found to be similar with the two sources. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that CD11c+ UCB-DCs/CTLs are as potent as standard CD11c+ PBL-DC/CTLs and could therefore be used as an allogenic source for therapeutic purposes. The findings of this study could help in taking us one step closer towards the personalized therapy using DC based cancer vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0160-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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13
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The antigenic landscape of multiple myeloma: mass spectrometry (re)defines targets for T-cell-based immunotherapy. Blood 2015; 126:1203-13. [PMID: 26138685 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-640532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct analysis of HLA-presented antigens by mass spectrometry provides a comprehensive view on the antigenic landscape of different tissues/malignancies and enables the identification of novel, pathophysiologically relevant T-cell epitopes. Here, we present a systematic and comparative study of the HLA class I and II presented, nonmutant antigenome of multiple myeloma (MM). Quantification of HLA surface expression revealed elevated HLA molecule counts on malignant plasma cells compared with normal B cells, excluding relevant HLA downregulation in MM. Analyzing the presentation of established myeloma-associated T-cell antigens on the HLA ligandome level, we found a substantial proportion of antigens to be only infrequently presented on primary myelomas or to display suboptimal degrees of myeloma specificity. However, unsupervised analysis of our extensive HLA ligand data set delineated a panel of 58 highly specific myeloma-associated antigens (including multiple myeloma SET domain containing protein) which are characterized by frequent and exclusive presentation on myeloma samples. Functional characterization of these target antigens revealed peptide-specific, preexisting CD8(+) T-cell responses exclusively in myeloma patients, which is indicative of pathophysiological relevance. Furthermore, in vitro priming experiments revealed that peptide-specific T-cell responses can be induced in response-naive myeloma patients. Together, our results serve to guide antigen selection for T-cell-based immunotherapy of MM.
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14
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Fichtner S, Hose D, Engelhardt M, Meißner T, Neuber B, Krasniqi F, Raab M, Schönland S, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Association of Antigen-Specific T-cell Responses with Antigen Expression and Immunoparalysis in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1712-21. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Wang L, Jin N, Schmitt A, Greiner J, Malcherek G, Hundemer M, Mani J, Hose D, Raab MS, Ho AD, Chen BA, Goldschmidt H, Schmitt M. T cell-based targeted immunotherapies for patients with multiple myeloma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1751-68. [PMID: 25195787 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologs stem-cell transplantation as well as novel therapeutic agents, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Following the general trend towards personalized therapy, targeted immunotherapy as a new approach in the therapy of MM has emerged. Better progression-free survival and overall survival after tandem autologs/allogeneic stem cell transplantation suggest a graft versus myeloma effect strongly supporting the usefulness of immunological therapies for MM patients. How to induce a powerful antimyeloma effect is the key issue in this field. Pivotal is the definition of appropriate tumor antigen targets and effective methods for expansion of T cells with clinical activity. Besides a comprehensive list of tumor antigens for T cell-based approaches, eight promising antigens, CS1, Dickkopf-1, HM1.24, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, MAGE-A3, New York Esophageal-1, Receptor of hyaluronic acid mediated motility and Wilms' tumor gene 1, are described in detail to provide a background for potential clinical use. Results from both closed and on-going clinical trials are summarized in this review. On the basis of the preclinical and clinical data, we elaborate on three encouraging therapeutic options, vaccine-enhanced donor lymphocyte infusion, chimeric antigen receptors-transfected T cells as well as vaccines with multiple antigen peptides, to pave the way towards clinically significant immune responses against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Targeted therapy for HM1.24 (CD317) on multiple myeloma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:965384. [PMID: 25143955 PMCID: PMC4124849 DOI: 10.1155/2014/965384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) still remains an incurable disease, at least because of the existence of cell-adhesion mediated drug-resistant MM cells and/or continuous recruitment of presumed MM cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). As a new alternative treatment modality, immunological approaches using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are now attracting much attention as a novel strategy attacking MM cells. We have identified that HM1.24 [also known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) or CD317] is overexpressed on not only mature MM cells but also MM CSCs. We then have developed a humanized mAb to HM1.24 and defucosylated version of the mAb to adapt to clinical practice. Moreover, we have successfully induced HM1.24-specific CTLs against MM cells. The combination of these innovative therapeutic modalities may likely exert an anti-MM activity by evading the drug resistance mechanism and eliminating presumed CSCs in MM.
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17
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Fang KH, Kao HK, Chi LM, Liang Y, Liu SC, Hseuh C, Liao CT, Yen TC, Yu JS, Chang KP. Overexpression of BST2 is associated with nodal metastasis and poorer prognosis in oral cavity cancer. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:E354-60. [PMID: 24706327 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was one of the proteins that were found to be related to tumor metastasis in our previous proteomic study. Now we examine its clinical role on the oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN Individual retrospective cohort study and basic research. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on 159 OSCC tumors. RNA interference was utilized for cell migration and proliferation study in vitro. RESULTS BST2 expression was significantly higher in OSCC cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells, compared to adjacent normal epithelia. Higher BST2 expression was associated with positive N stage, advanced overall stage, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = .049, .015, .021, and .010, respectively). OSCC patients with higher BST2 expression had poorer prognosis for disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = .009 and .001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that higher BST2 expression is an independent prognostic factor of disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = .047 and .013, respectively). In vitro suppression of BST2 expression in OEC-M1 cells showed that BST2 contributes to tumor migration of OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this study indicate that BST2 expression in OSCC tumors is an independent prognostic factor of patient survival and associated with tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Hao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Rosenblatt J, Bar-Natan M, Munshi NC, Avigan DE. Immunotherapy for multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:91-6. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.878226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Karpenko LI, Bazhan SI, Antonets DV, Belyakov IM. Novel approaches in polyepitope T-cell vaccine development against HIV-1. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 13:155-73. [PMID: 24308576 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.861748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RV144 clinical trial was modestly effective in preventing HIV infection. New alternative approaches are needed to design improved HIV-1 vaccines and their delivery strategies. One of these approaches is construction of synthetic polyepitope HIV-1 immunogen using protective T- and B-cell epitopes that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and responses of cytotoxic (CD8(+) CTL) and helpers (CD4(+) Th) T-lymphocytes. This approach seems to be promising for designing of new generation of vaccines against HIV-1, enables in theory to cope with HIV-1 antigenic variability, focuses immune responses on protective determinants and enables to exclude from the vaccine compound that can induce autoantibodies or antibodies enhancing HIV-1 infectivity. Herein, the authors will focus on construction and rational design of polyepitope T-cell HIV-1 immunogens and their delivery, including: advantages and disadvantages of existing T-cell epitope prediction methods; features of organization of polyepitope immunogens, which can generate high-level CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses; the strategies to optimize efficient processing, presentation and immunogenicity of polyepitope constructs; original software to design polyepitope immunogens; and delivery vectors as well as mucosal strategies of vaccination. This new knowledge may bring us a one step closer to developing an effective T-cell vaccine against HIV-1, other chronic viral infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559, Russia
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Avigan D, Hari P, Battiwalla M, Bishop MR, Giralt SA, Hardy NM, Kröger N, Wayne AS, Hsu KC. Proceedings from the National Cancer Institute's Second International Workshop on the Biology, Prevention, and Treatment of Relapse after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: part II. Autologous Transplantation-novel agents and immunomodulatory strategies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1661-9. [PMID: 24018393 PMCID: PMC3914636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the National Cancer Institute's Second International Workshop on the Biology, Prevention, and Treatment of Relapse after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, the Scientific/Educational Session on Autologous Transplantation addressed the role of novel agents and immunomodulatory strategies in management of relapse after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Concepts were illustrated through in-depth discussion of multiple myeloma, with broader discussion of areas relevant for relapse of other malignancies as well as in the setting of allogeneic transplantation. Dr. Hari provided an overview of the epidemiology of relapse after AHSCT in multiple myeloma, addressing clinical patterns, management implications, and treatment options at relapse, highlighting the implications of novel therapeutic agents in initial, maintenance, and relapse treatment. Dr. Avigan discussed current concepts in tumor vaccine design, including whole cell and antigen-specific strategies, use of an AHSCT platform to reverse tumor-associated immunosuppression and tolerance, and combining vaccines with immunomodulatory agents to promote establishment of durable antitumor immunity. Dr. Hsu reviewed the immunogenetics of natural killer (NK) cells and general NK biology, the clinical importance of autologous NK activity (eg, lymphoma and neuroblastoma), the impact of existing therapies on promotion of NK cell activity (eg, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies), and strategies for enhancing autologous and allogeneic NK cell effects through NK cell gene profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Avigan
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Hematologic Malignancies/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jones PH, Mahauad-Fernandez WD, Madison MN, Okeoma CM. BST-2/tetherin is overexpressed in mammary gland and tumor tissues in MMTV-induced mammary cancer. Virology 2013; 444:124-39. [PMID: 23806386 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BST-2 restricts MMTV replication, but once infection has established, MMTV modulates BST-2 levels. MMTV-directed BST-2 modulation is tissue-specific and dependent on infection and neoplastic transformation status of cells. In the lymphoid compartment of infected mice, BST-2 expression is first upregulated and then significantly downregulated regardless of absence or presence of mammary tumors. However, in mammary gland tissues, upregulation of BST-2 expression is dependent on the presence of mammary tumors and tumor tissues themselves have high BST-2 levels. Elevated BST-2 expression in these tissues is not attributable to IFN since levels of IFNα and IFNγ negatively correlate with BST-2. Importantly, soluble factors released by tumor cells suppress IFNα and IFNγ but induce BST-2. These data suggest that overexpression of BST-2 in carcinoma tissues could not be attributed to IFNs but to a yet to be determined factor that upregulates BST-2 once oncogenesis is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA.
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Munder M, Engelhardt M, Knies D, Medenhoff S, Wabnitz G, Luckner-Minden C, Feldmeyer N, Voss RH, Kropf P, Müller I, Conradi R, Samstag Y, Theobald M, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Cytotoxicity of tumor antigen specific human T cells is unimpaired by arginine depletion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63521. [PMID: 23717444 PMCID: PMC3662698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-growth is often associated with the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells that lead to local or systemic arginine depletion via the enzyme arginase. It is generally assumed that this arginine deficiency induces a global shut-down of T cell activation with ensuing tumor immune escape. While the impact of arginine depletion on polyclonal T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion is well documented, its influence on chemotaxis, cytotoxicity and antigen specific activation of human T cells has not been demonstrated so far. We show here that chemotaxis and early calcium signaling of human T cells are unimpaired in the absence of arginine. We then analyzed CD8+ T cell activation in a tumor peptide as well as a viral peptide antigen specific system: (i) CD8+ T cells with specificity against the MART-1aa26–35*A27L tumor antigen expanded with in vitro generated dendritic cells, and (ii) clonal CMV pp65aa495–503 specific T cells and T cells retrovirally transduced with a CMV pp65aa495–503 specific T cell receptor were analyzed. Our data demonstrate that human CD8+ T cell antigen specific cytotoxicity and perforin secretion are completely preserved in the absence of arginine, while antigen specific proliferation as well as IFN-γ and granzyme B secretion are severely compromised. These novel results highlight the complexity of antigen specific T cell activation and demonstrate that human T cells can preserve important activation-induced effector functions in the context of arginine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melanie Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Knies
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergej Medenhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Luckner-Minden
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Feldmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf-Holger Voss
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascale Kropf
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Müller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Conradi
- Transfusion Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Arnason J, Avigan D. Evolution of cellular immunotherapy: from allogeneic transplant to dendritic cell vaccination as treatment for multiple myeloma. Immunotherapy 2013; 4:1043-51. [PMID: 23148756 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of cellular therapy as treatment for multiple myeloma is highlighted by the observation that allogeneic transplantation results in durable remissions in a subset of patients. The potency of the graft-versus-myeloma effect is supported by the decreased risk of relapse seen in patients with graft-versus-host disease and disease response following donor lymphocyte infusions. However, the lack of specificity of the alloreactive lymphocytes limits their therapeutic efficacy and results in significant treatment-related morbidity and mortality. A major area of investigation is the development of cancer vaccines to generate myeloma-specific immunity that selectively targets malignant cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues. Critical elements required to develop an effective vaccine strategy involve the identification of myeloma-associated antigens, enhancement of antigen presentation, and reversing the immunosuppressive milieu induced by the disease. Dendritic cells are potent APCs that represent an ideal platform for vaccination. Strategies for vaccine design include the loading of individual antigens as well as the use of whole tumor cells as a source of myeloma antigens. Vaccination has been examined in the postautologous transplant setting in which disease cytoreduction and depletion of Tregs is associated with enhanced vaccine response. Recent efforts have also included exploration of immune modulatory agents that target inhibitory pathways to enhance vaccine response and create a more durable antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Arnason
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Hematologic Malignancies & Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
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Duan ZL, Wang ZB, Guo JL, Liu WQ, Hu J, Li J, Wang SN, Li Q, Wen JS. Two novel squamous cell carcinoma antigen-derived HLA-A*0201-binding peptides induce in vitro and in vivo CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1482-92. [PMID: 23426430 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is overexpressed in many squamous cell cancers and SCCA‑derived peptide-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes can display cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In the present study, we screened the SCCA amino acid sequence for potential HLA-A*0201-binding CD8(+) T‑cell epitopes using two predictive computational algorithms. Seven epitope candidates were selected of which SCCA(246-254)(llpneidgl), SCCA(223-231)(sledvqakv), SCCA(328‑336)(vlhkafvev) and SCCA(324‑332)(vlsgvlhka) significantly stabilized HLA-A*0201 molecules on T2 cells. Both SCCA(328‑336) and SCCA(324-332) induced CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T‑cell responses in HLA-A*0201-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. Consistent with this, immunization with either SCCA(328-336) or SCCA(324‑332) effectively elicited CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice as visualized by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay and intracellular cytokine staining. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cells induced in vitro or in vivo by SCCA(328-336) or SCCA(324-332) demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity against peptide-pulsed T2 cells and splenocytes, respectively. These novel SCCA‑derived CD8(+) T‑cell epitopes described, herein, may be potentially important components for diagnostic reagents and immunotherapeutic vaccines for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
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Rezvan H. Immunogenicity of HLA-DR1 Restricted Peptides Derived from Leishmania major gp63 Using FVB/N-DR1 Transgenic Mouse Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 8:273-9. [PMID: 23914241 PMCID: PMC3724153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. In the present study the immunogenicity of three human HLA-DR1 restricted peptides derived from L. major gp63 protein was evaluated using FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mouse model. METHODS The immunity generated by three MHC class II - restricted peptides with the sequence of AARLVRLAAAGAAVT (AAR), AAPLVRLAAAGAAVT (AAP) and SRYDQLVTRVVTHE (ASR) derived from L. major gp63 protein were predicted using a web-based software (SYFPEITHI) and tested in FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mice. RESULTS Immunization of FVB/N-DR1 transgenic mice with one of the three predicted peptides (AAR) resulted in high levels of Th1-type immune response as well as significant levels of IFN-γ detected by Proliferation assay and ELISA. CONCLUSION The results indicate a high level of immunogenicity for AAR, which can be a potent candidate for peptide vaccine in Leishmania infections.
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Herth I, Witzens-Harig M, Beckhove P, Hose D, Meissner T, Neuber B, Engelhardt M, Haas J, Neben K, Ho AD, Klein B, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Thalidomide maintenance therapy maturates the T cell compartment and compromises antigen-specific antitumor immunity in patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2012; 41:231-40. [PMID: 23142220 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (INF)-α was the maintenance treatment of choice after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma in the past, but currently Thalidomide is commonly used. In this prospective study, the implications of the various types of maintenance therapy on the patients T cell pattern and activation status were assessed. T cells were analyzed for expression of surface molecules, cytokine secretion, the presence of regulatory T cells, and the specific activation against the multiple myeloma antigen HM1.24. T cells from 69 multiple myeloma patients were analyzed: 19 patients were treated with IFN-α; 26 were treated with Thalidomide; and 24 patients received no maintenance therapy. Specific T cell activation with an immunogenic HLA-A2(+)-restricted peptide from the myeloma-associated antigen HM1.24 was impaired in the Thalidomide group. In accordance with this observation, there was a trend toward a higher amount of regulatory T cells in the Thalidomide group. Furthermore, patients treated with IFN-α showed high rates of naive T cells, whereas a high rate of effector memory T cells was observed in the Thalidomide group. Importantly, after cessation of Thalidomide therapy, this effect was reversible in the CD8 compartment. In conclusion, Thalidomide maintenance therapy has profound implications on T cell pattern and activation status, which compromise antigen specific antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Herth
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Novel strategies for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: previous experience and future directions. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:753407. [PMID: 22649466 PMCID: PMC3357929 DOI: 10.1155/2012/753407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a life-threatening haematological malignancy for which standard therapy is inadequate. Autologous stem cell transplantation is a relatively effective treatment, but residual malignant sites may cause relapse. Allogeneic transplantation may result in durable responses due to antitumour immunity mediated by donor lymphocytes. However, morbidity and mortality related to graft-versus-host disease remain a challenge. Recent advances in understanding the interaction between the immune system of the patient and the malignant cells are influencing the design of clinically more efficient study protocols for MM.
Cellular immunotherapy using specific antigen-presenting cells (APCs), to overcome aspects of immune incompetence in MM patients, has received great attention, and numerous clinical trials have evaluated the potential for dendritic cell (DC) vaccines as a novel immunotherapeutic approach. This paper will summarize the data investigating aspects of immunity concerning MM, immunotherapy for patients with MM, and strategies, on the way, to target the plasma cell more selectively. We also include the MM antigens and their specific antibodies that are of potential use for MM humoral immunotherapy, because they have demonstrated the most promising preclinical results.
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Immunogenic targets for specific immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:820394. [PMID: 22611422 PMCID: PMC3352660 DOI: 10.1155/2012/820394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease although the prognosis has been improved by novel therapeutics and agents recently. Relapse occurs in the majority of patients and becomes fatal finally. Immunotherapy might be a powerful intervention to maintain a long-lasting control of minimal residual disease or to even eradicate disseminated tumor cells. Several tumor-associated antigens have been identified in patients with multiple myeloma. These antigens are expressed in a tumor-specific or tumor-restricted pattern, are able to elicit immune response, and thus could serve as targets for immunotherapy. This review discusses immunogenic antigens with therapeutic potential for multiple myeloma.
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Immunotherapy using dendritic cells against multiple myeloma: how to improve? Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:397648. [PMID: 22481968 PMCID: PMC3312256 DOI: 10.1155/2012/397648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a good target disease in which one can apply cellular immunotherapy, which is based on the graft-versus-myeloma effect. This role of immune effector cells provides the framework for the development of immune-based therapeutic options that use antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with increased potency, such as dendritic cells (DCs), in MM. Current isolated idiotype (Id), myeloma cell lysates, myeloma dying cells, DC-myeloma hybrids, or DC transfected with tumor-derived RNA has been used for immunotherapy with DCs. Immunological inhibitory cytokines, such as TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6 and VEGF, which are produced from myeloma cells, can modulate antitumor host immune response, including the abrogation of DC function, by constitutive activation of STAT3. Therefore, even the immune responses have been observed in clinical trials, the clinical response was rarely improved following DC vaccinations in MM patients. We are going to discuss how to improve the efficacy of DC vaccination in MM.
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Potent in vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered humanized anti-HM1.24 antibody against multiple myeloma via augmented effector function. Blood 2012; 119:2074-82. [PMID: 22246035 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-364521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HM1.24, an immunologic target for multiple myeloma (MM) cells, has not been effectively targeted with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anti-MM activities of XmAb5592, a humanized anti-HM1.24 mAb with Fc-domain engineered to significantly enhance FcγR binding and associated immune effector functions. XmAb5592 increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) several fold relative to the anti-HM1.24 IgG1 analog against both MM cell lines and primary patient myeloma cells. XmAb5592 also augmented antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells became more activated by XmAb5592 than the IgG1 analog, evidenced by increased cell surface expression of granzyme B-dependent CD107a and MM cell lysis, even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. XmAb5592 potently inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing human MM xenografts via FcγR-dependent mechanisms, and was significantly more effective than the IgG1 analog. Lenalidomide synergistically enhanced in vitro ADCC against MM cells and in vivo tumor inhibition induced by XmAb5592. A single dose of 20 mg/kg XmAb5592 effectively depleted both blood and bone marrow plasma cells in cynomolgus monkeys. These results support clinical development of XmAb5592, both as a monotherapy and in combination with lenalidomide, to improve patient outcome of MM.
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Rezvan H, Rees R, Ali SA. Immunogenicity of MHC Class I Peptides Derived from Leishmania mexicana Gp63 in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic (HHDII) and BALB/C Mouse Models. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2012; 7:27-40. [PMID: 23323089 PMCID: PMC3537470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania is an intracellular parasite infecting humans and many wild and domestic animals. Recent studies have suggested an important role for cytotoxic T cells against Leishmania. Peptide-based vaccines targeting short sequences derived from known immunogenic proteins have been shown to elicit cellular immune responses against disparate pathogens. METHODS We predicted four HLA-A2 peptides derived from L. mexican/major gp63 and tested these in HHD II mice, as well as four peptides for mouse MHC class I from the same proteins tested in BALB/ mice. RESULTS The results revealed immunogenicity for three of the four peptides predicted for HLA-A2. Immunisation with these peptides, along with IFA, induced CTL responses detected by standard 4-hour cytotoxicity assay and significantly upregulated the production of IFN-γ. When HHDII mice were injected IM with L. mexicana gp63 cDNA and splenocytes were restimulated with blasts loaded with the immunogenic peptides, two of the peptides were able to induce significant level of IFN-γ detected by ELISA. None of the peptides predicted for Balb/c mouse MHC class I elicited CTL activity or significantly upregulated the IFN-γ. CONCLUSION The results may help in developing a peptide-based vaccine, which can be applied alone or in combination with drugs against Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rezvan
- Dept. of Laboratory Science, School of Paraveterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran,Corresponding author:
| | - R Rees
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK, NG11 8NS
| | - SA Ali
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK, NG11 8NS
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Seyed N, Zahedifard F, Safaiyan S, Gholami E, Doustdari F, Azadmanesh K, Mirzaei M, Saeedi Eslami N, Khadem Sadegh A, Eslami far A, Sharifi I, Rafati S. In silico analysis of six known Leishmania major antigens and in vitro evaluation of specific epitopes eliciting HLA-A2 restricted CD8 T cell response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1295. [PMID: 21909442 PMCID: PMC3167772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a potent CD8+ T cell activator, peptide vaccine has found its way in vaccine development against intracellular infections and cancer, but not against leishmaniasis. The first step toward a peptide vaccine is epitope mapping of different proteins according to the most frequent HLA types in a population. Methods and Findings Six Leishmania (L.) major-related candidate antigens (CPB,CPC,LmsTI-1,TSA,LeIF and LPG-3) were screened for potential CD8+ T cell activating 9-mer epitopes presented by HLA-A*0201 (the most frequent HLA-A allele). Online software including SYFPEITHI, BIMAS, EpiJen, Rankpep, nHLApred, NetCTL and Multipred were used. Peptides were selected only if predicted by almost all programs, according to their predictive scores. Pan-A2 presentation of selected peptides was confirmed by NetMHCPan1.1. Selected peptides were pooled in four peptide groups and the immunogenicity was evaluated by in vitro stimulation and intracellular cytokine assay of PBMCs from HLA-A2+ individuals recovered from L. major. HLA-A2− individuals recovered from L. major and HLA-A2+ healthy donors were included as control groups. Individual response of HLA-A2+ recovered volunteers as percent of CD8+/IFN-γ+ T cells after in vitro stimulation against peptide pools II and IV was notably higher than that of HLA-A2− recovered individuals. Based on cutoff scores calculated from the response of HLA-A2− recovered individuals, 31.6% and 13.3% of HLA-A2+ recovered persons responded above cutoff in pools II and IV, respectively. ELISpot and ELISA results confirmed flow cytometry analysis. The response of HLA-A2− recovered individuals against peptide pools I and III was detected similar and even higher than HLA-A2+ recovered individuals. Conclusion Using in silico prediction we demonstrated specific response to LmsTI-1 (pool II) and LPG-3- (pool IV) related peptides specifically presented in HLA-A*0201 context. This is among the very few reports mapping L. major epitopes for human HLA types. Studies like this will speed up polytope vaccine idea towards leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is currently a serious health as well as economic problem in underdeveloped and developing countries in Africa, Asia, the Near and Middle East, Central and South America and the Mediterranean region. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic in Iran, remarkably in Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan, Khozestan and Kerman provinces. Since effective prevention is not available and current curative therapy is expensive, often poorly tolerated and not always effective, alternative therapies including vaccination against leishmaniasis are of priority to overcome the problem. Although Th1 dominant response is so far considered as a pre-requisite for the immune system to overcome the infection, CD8+ T cell response could also be considered as a potent arm of immune system fighting against intracellular Leishmania. Polytope vaccine strategy may open up a new way in vaccine design against leishmaniasis, since they act as a potent tool to stimulate multi-CD8 T cell responses. Clearly there is a substantial need to evaluate the promising epitopes from different proteins of Leishmania parasite species. Some new immunoinformatic tools are now available to speed up this process, and we have shown here that in silico prediction can effectively evaluate HLA class I-restricted epitopes out of Leishmania proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Seyed
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Safaiyan
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Gholami
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Doustdari
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Akbar Khadem Sadegh
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Eslami far
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- School of Medicine, Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Neuber B, Herth I, Tolliver C, Schoenland S, Hegenbart U, Hose D, Witzens-Harig M, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Klein B, Hundemer M. Lenalidomide enhances antigen-specific activity and decreases CD45RA expression of T cells from patients with multiple myeloma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1047-56. [PMID: 21677134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the specific T cell response against the multiple myeloma Ag HM1.24 is enhanced by the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide (Revlimid). Ag-specific CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells against the HM1.24 Ag were expanded in vitro by dendritic cells in 29 healthy donors and 26 patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Ag-specific activation was analyzed by IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin secretion using ELISA, ELISPOT assay, and intracellular staining, and generation of Ag-specific T cells was analyzed by tetramer staining. Expression of T cell maturation markers (CD45RA, CD45R0, CCR7, and CD28) was investigated by flow cytometry. We found that activation of HM1.24-specific T cells from healthy donors and patients with plasma cell dyscrasias was enhanced significantly by lenalidomide and furthermore that the impact of lenalidomide on T cells depends on the duration of the exposure. Notably, lenalidomide supports the downregulation of CD45RA on T cells upon activation, observed in healthy donors and in patients in vitro and also in patients during lenalidomide therapy in vivo. We showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that lenalidomide enhances the Ag-specific activation of T cells and the subsequent downregulation of CD45RA expression of T cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hudecek M, Anderson LD, Nishida T, Riddell SR. Adoptive T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 2:517-32. [PMID: 21083018 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.09.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for B-cell malignancies is evidence that these tumors can be eliminated by T lymphocytes. This has encouraged the development of specific adoptive T-cell therapy, both for augmenting the anti-tumor effect of HCT and for patients not undergoing HCT. T cells that are capable of recognizing antigens expressed on malignant B cells may be recruited from the endogenous repertoire or engineered to express tumor-targeting receptors. Critical insights into the qualities of T cells that enable their persistence and function in vivo have been derived, and obstacles to effective T-cell-mediated tumor eradication are being elucidated. These advances provide the tools to translate adoptive T-cell transfer into reliable clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hudecek
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Schlude C, Beckhove P. Immunology and immunotherapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 183:97-109. [PMID: 21509682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for patients suffering from multiple myeloma is a lively and emerging field in cancer research. Immunotherapeutic approaches offer unique treatment opportunities for this, to date, mostly incurable disease. Respective basic findings and recent clinical approaches are introduced and discussed. Although several obstacles still need to be overcome, it appears that clinically efficient immunotherapies will become available for multiple myeloma patients in the future.
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Zhou FL, Meng S, Zhang WG, Wei YC, Cao XM, Bai GG, Wang BY. Peptide-based immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: current approaches. Vaccine 2010; 28:5939-46. [PMID: 20619381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy with many fatal clinical sequelae. Despite extensive therapeutic approaches, cures remain rare exceptions. A recent promising area of investigation is the development of immunotherapeutic approaches that target and eliminate myeloma cells more selectively. Because of its potential to promote the destruction of cancerous cells via cytotoxic T-cell responses, peptide-based immunotherapy is one of these strategies to have attracted considerable attention. Furthermore, many studies were carried out to identify the best epitope peptides, the optimal vaccine formulation and schedule, and the preferable clinical situation for vaccination. Based on these results, various epitope peptides have been identified that may be selectively targeted by host immunity, and various approaches have been used to enhance the immune responses of peptides. This chapter focuses on reviewing previous immunotherapy trials, describing the current strategies for peptide-based immunotherapy, and discussing the achievable prospects in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Affiliated No. 2 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, The West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an 710004, PR China.
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Condomines M, Veyrune JL, Larroque M, Quittet P, Latry P, Lugagne C, Hertogh C, Kanouni T, Rossi JF, Klein B. Increased plasma-immune cytokines throughout the high-dose melphalan-induced lymphodepletion in patients with multiple myeloma: a window for adoptive immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1079-84. [PMID: 19966210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High-dose melphalan (HDM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard treatment for patients with multiple myeloma. However, lymphocyte reconstitution is impaired after HDM. Recent work has suggested that the lymphopenia period occurring after various immunosuppressive or chemotherapy treatments may provide an interesting opportunity for adoptive antitumor immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine an immunotherapy window after HDM and ASCT, evaluating T cell lymphopenia, and measuring circulating immune cytokine concentrations in patients with multiple myeloma. The counts of T cell subpopulations reached a nadir at day 8 post-ASCT (day 10 post-HDM) and recovered by day 30. IL-6, IL-7, and IL-15 plasma levels increased on a median day 8 post-ASCT, respectively, 35-fold, 8-fold, and 10-fold compared with pre-HDM levels (p < or = 0.05). The increases in IL-7 and IL-15 levels were inversely correlated to the absolute lymphocyte count, unlike monocyte or myeloid counts. Furthermore, we have shown that CD3 T cells present in the ASC graft are activated, die rapidly when they are cultured without cytokine in vitro, and that addition of IL-7 or IL-15 could induce their survival and proliferation. In conclusion, the early lymphodepletion period, occurring 4-11 d post-HDM and ASCT, is associated with an increase of circulating immune cytokines and could be an optimal window to enhance the survival and proliferation of polyclonal T cells present in the ASC autograft and also of specific antimyeloma T cells previously expanded in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Condomines
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
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Melan-A/MART1 Analog Peptide Triggers Anti-myeloma T-cells Through Crossreactivity With HM1.24. J Immunother 2009; 32:613-21. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181a95198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Condomines M, Hose D, Rème T, Requirand G, Hundemer M, Schoenhals M, Goldschmidt H, Klein B. Gene expression profiling and real-time PCR analyses identify novel potential cancer-testis antigens in multiple myeloma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:832-40. [PMID: 19542363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC), and 24 normal tissue samples. A 5-filter method was developed to keep known CT genes while deleting non-CT genes. Starting from 44,928 probe sets, including probe sets for 18 previously described CT genes, we have obtained 82 genes expressed in MMC and testis and not detected in more than 6 normal tissue samples. This list includes 14 of the 18 known CT genes and 68 novel putative CT genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for 34 genes in 12 normal tissue samples, 5 MMC samples, and one sample of five pooled testes. It has validated the CT status of 23 of 34 genes (67%). We found one novel "testis-restricted" gene (TEX14, expression in testis and tumor only), eight "tissue-restricted" (mRNA detected in one or two nongametogenic tissues), and seven "differentially expressed" (mRNA detected in three to six nongametogenic tissues) CT genes. Further studies are warranted to determine the immunogenicity of these novel CT Ag candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Condomines
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
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Wang W, Nishioka Y, Ozaki S, Jalili A, Abe S, Kakiuchi S, Kishuku M, Minakuchi K, Matsumoto T, Sone S. HM1.24 (CD317) is a novel target against lung cancer for immunotherapy using anti-HM1.24 antibody. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:967-76. [PMID: 18979097 PMCID: PMC11030068 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HM1.24 antigen (CD317) was originally identified as a cell surface protein that is preferentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma cells. Immunotherapy using anti-HM1.24 antibody has been performed in patients with multiple myeloma as a phase I study. We examined the expression of HM1.24 antigen in lung cancer cells and the possibility of immunotherapy with anti-HM1.24 antibody which can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The expression of HM1.24 antigen in lung cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry as well as immunohistochemistry using anti-HM1.24 antibody. ADCC was evaluated using a 6-h (51)Cr release assay. Effects of various cytokines on the expression of HM1.24 and the ADCC were examined. The antitumor activity of anti-HM1.24 antibody in vivo was examined in SCID mice. HM1.24 antigen was detected in 11 of 26 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (42%) and four of seven (57%) of small cell lung cancer cells, and also expressed in the tissues of lung cancer. Anti-HM1.24 antibody effectively induced ADCC in HM1.24-positive lung cancer cells. Interferon-beta and -gamma increased the levels of HM1.24 antigen and the susceptibility of lung cancer cells to ADCC. Treatment with anti-HM1.24 antibody inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells expressing HM1.24 antigen in SCID mice. The combined therapy with IFN-beta and anti-HM1.24 antibody showed the enhanced antitumor effects even in the delayed treatment schedule. HM1.24 antigen is a novel immunological target for the treatment of lung cancer with anti-HM1.24 antibody.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunotherapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/immunology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/metabolism
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/therapy
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ali Jalili
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Soji Kakiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kishuku
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Minakuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saburo Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
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Cai D, Cao J, Li Z, Zheng X, Yao Y, Li W, Yuan Z. Up-regulation of bone marrow stromal protein 2 (BST2) in breast cancer with bone metastasis. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:102. [PMID: 19338666 PMCID: PMC2674058 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastases are frequent complications of breast cancer. Recent literature implicates multiple chemokines in the formation of bone metastases in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer remains unknown. We have recently made the novel observation of the BST2 protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines. The purpose of our present study is to investigate the expression and the role of BST2 in bone metastatic breast cancer. Methods cDNA microarray analysis was used to compare the BST2 gene expression between a metastatic to bone human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231BO) and a primary human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231). The BST2 expression in one bone metastatic breast cancer and seven non-bone metastatic breast cancer cell lines were also determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot assays. We then employed tissue array to further study the BST2 expression in human breast cancer using array slides containing 20 independent breast cancer tumors that formed metastatic bone lesions, 30 non-metastasis-forming breast cancer tumors, and 8 normal breast tissues. In order to test the feasibility of utilizing BST2 as a serum marker for the presence of bone metastasis in breast cancer, we had measured the BST2 expression levels in human serums by using ELISA on 43 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, 43 breast cancer patients without bone metastasis, and 14 normal healthy controls. The relationship between cell migration and proliferation and BST2 expression was also studied in a human breast recombinant model system using migration and FACS analysis. Results The microarray demonstrated over expression of the BST2 gene in the bone metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-231BO) compared to the primary human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231). The expression of the BST2 gene was significantly increased in the bone metastatic breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared to non-bone metastatic breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by real time RT-PCR, Western blot and TMA. Furthermore, serum levels of BST2 measured by ELISA were also significantly higher among patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone compared to breast cancer patients without metastatic to bone (P < .0001). Most importantly, the breast cancer cell line that transfected with BST2 demonstrated increased BST2 expressions, which was associated with increased cancer cell migration and cell proliferation. Conclusion These results provide novel data indicating the BST2 protein expression is associated with the formation of bone metastases in human breast cancer. We believe that BST2 may be a potential biomarker in breast cancer with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Tai YT, Dillon M, Song W, Leiba M, Li XF, Burger P, Lee AI, Podar K, Hideshima T, Rice AG, van Abbema A, Jesaitis L, Caras I, Law D, Weller E, Xie W, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Mathiot C, Avet-Loiseau H, Afar DEH, Anderson KC. Anti-CS1 humanized monoclonal antibody HuLuc63 inhibits myeloma cell adhesion and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the bone marrow milieu. Blood 2008; 112:1329-37. [PMID: 17906076 PMCID: PMC2515112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no approved monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies exist for human multiple myeloma (MM). Here we characterized cell surface CS1 as a novel MM antigen and further investigated the potential therapeutic utility of HuLuc63, a humanized anti-CS1 mAb, for treating human MM. CS1 mRNA and protein was highly expressed in CD138-purified primary tumor cells from the majority of MM patients (more than 97%) with low levels of circulating CS1 detectable in MM patient sera, but not in healthy donors. CS1 was expressed at adhesion-promoting uropod membranes of polarized MM cells, and short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to CS1 inhibited MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). HuLuc63 inhibited MM cell binding to BMSCs and induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against MM cells in dose-dependent and CS1-specific manners. HuLuc63 triggered autologous ADCC against primary MM cells resistant to conventional or novel therapies, including bortezomib and HSP90 inhibitor; and pretreatment with conventional or novel anti-MM drugs markedly enhanced HuLuc63-induced MM cell lysis. Administration of HuLuc63 significantly induces tumor regression in multiple xenograft models of human MM. These results thus define the functional significance of CS1 in MM and provide the preclinical rationale for testing HuLuc63 in clinical trials, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wang W, Nishioka Y, Ozaki S, Jalili A, Verma VK, Hanibuchi M, Abe S, Minakuchi K, Matsumoto T, Sone S. Chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 antibodies mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Lung Cancer 2008; 63:23-31. [PMID: 18524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HM1.24 antigen (CD317) was originally identified as a cell surface protein that is preferentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma cells. Immunotherapy using anti-HM1.24 antibody has been performed in patients with multiple myeloma as a phase I study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of mouse-human chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against lung cancer cells in vitro. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes separated from mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used as effector cells. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs against lung cancer cells were determined by chromium-release assay. In some experiments, target or effector cells were pretreated with various cytokines. Chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs effectively induced ADCC against lung cancer cells mediated more efficiently by lymphocytes than monocytes. The cytotoxic activity correlated with the level of HM1.24 expression on lung cancer cells. Natural killer cells were identified as the major effector cells in ADCC mediated by the anti-HM1.24 mAb. The treatment of lymphocytes or monocytes with IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, M-CSF, or IFN-gamma significantly increased the ADCC activity. Moreover, the culture of lung cancer cells with IFN-beta or IFN-gamma augmented their susceptibility to ADCC and CDC. PBMCs from patients with lung cancer induced a level of ADCC comparable to that induced by PBMCs from healthy donors. Chimeric or humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs have potential as a new therapeutic tool in lung cancer, and in combination with interleukins and interferons, could be useful for enhancing ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Belle S, Han F, Condomines M, Christensen O, Witzens-Harig M, Kasper B, Kleist C, Terness P, Moos M, Cremer F, Hose D, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Klein B, Hundemer M. Identification of HLA-A2 restricted T-cell epitopes within the conserved region of the immunoglobulin G heavy-chain in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2008; 81:26-35. [PMID: 18363871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is the identification of HLA-A2 restricted T-cell epitopes in the conserved region of the immunoglobulin-G-heavy-chain (IgGH) that can be used for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. METHODS After the IgGH gene sequence was scanned for HLA-A2 restricted T-cell epitopes with a high binding affinity to the MHC-I-complex, promising nona-peptides were synthesized. Peptide specific CD8+ T-cells were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors (HD) and patients with MM using peptide pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. The activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells was analyzed by IFN-alpha ELISpot-assay and 51Chromium release-assay. HLA-A2 restriction was proven by blocking T-cell activation with anti-HLA-A2 antibodies. RESULTS Two HLA-A2 restricted T-cell epitopes-TLVTVSSAS derived from the IgGH-framework-region 4 (FR4) and LMISRTPEV from the constant region (CR)-induced expansion of specific CD8+ T-cells from PBMC in two of three (TLVTVSSAS) and one of three (LMISRTPEV) HD respectively. Specific T-cells were induced from PBMC in two of six (TLVTVSSAS) and eight of 19 (LMISRTPEV) patients with MM. Specific CD8+ T-cells also lysed peptide-pulsed target cells in 51Chromium release-assay. LMISRTPEV specific CD8+ T-cells from MM patients lysed specifically the HLA-A2+ IgG myeloma cell line XG-6. CONCLUSION We identified two HLA-A2 restricted T-cell epitopes-TLVTVSSAS and LMISRTPEV--which can yield an expansion of CD8+ T-cells with the ability to kill peptide-loaded target cells and HLA-A2+ IgG+ myeloma cells. We conclude that TLVTVSSAS and LMISRTPEV could be T-cell epitopes for immunotherapy in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Belle
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Fang Han
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Maud Condomines
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm 99, Rue Puech Villa 34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR.,IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHopital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
| | - Olaf Christensen
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | | | - Bernd Kasper
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of transplantation immunology University of HeidelbergFR
| | - Peter Terness
- Department of transplantation immunology University of HeidelbergFR
| | - Marion Moos
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Friedrich Cremer
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Dirk Hose
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
| | | | - Bernard Klein
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes INSERM : U475IFR76Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm 99, Rue Puech Villa 34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR.,IRB, Institut de recherche en biothérapie CHRU MontpellierUniversité Montpellier IHopital Saint-Eloi 34000 Montpellier,FR
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of internal medicine V University of HeidelbergHeidelberg,DE
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Burjanadzé M, Condomines M, Reme T, Quittet P, Latry P, Lugagne C, Romagne F, Morel Y, Rossi JF, Klein B, Lu ZY. In vitro expansion of gamma delta T cells with anti-myeloma cell activity by Phosphostim and IL-2 in patients with multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2008; 139:206-16. [PMID: 17897296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
T-cell-mediated immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for multiple myeloma (MM). Gamma-delta T cells (gammadelta T cells) recognize phosphoantigens and display strong anti-tumour cytotoxicity. The synthetic agonist Phosphostim (bromohydrin pyrophosphate, BrHPP) has been shown to selectively activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. This study aimed to evaluate the expansion capacity and anti-myeloma cell cytotoxicity of circulating gammadelta T cells from MM patients at different time points throughout the disease, using Phosphostim and interleukin 2 (IL-2). Circulating gammadelta T cell counts in patients with newly diagnosed MM or in relapse did not differ from those in healthy donors. A 14-d culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Phosphostim and IL-2 triggered a 100-fold expansion of gammadelta T cells in 78% of newly diagnosed patients. Gammadelta T cells harvested at the time of haematopoietic progenitor collection or in relapsing patients expanded less efficiently. Expanded gammadelta T cells killed 13/14 myeloma cell lines as well as primary myeloma cells, but not normal CD34 cells. Their killing efficiency was not affected by 2-d IL-2 starvation. This study demonstrated the ability of Phosphostim and IL-2 to expand gammadelta T cells from MM patients, and the efficient and stable killing of human myeloma cells by gd T cells.
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Lu ZY, Condomines M, Tarte K, Nadal L, Delteil MC, Rossi JF, Ferrand C, Klein B. B7-1 and 4-1BB ligand expression on a myeloma cell line makes it possible to expand autologous tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:443-53. [PMID: 17309825 PMCID: PMC1934405 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to confer an antigen-presenting cell (APC) ability on multiple myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) using B7-1 and/or 4-1BBL gene transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS HMCLs were retrovirally transduced with B7-1 and/or 4-1BBL cDNAs. Allogeneic or autologous T cells were stimulated by coculture with B7-1- and/or 4-1BBL-transduced HMCLs in the presence of interleukin-2. T cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution. T-cell activation was assessed by interferon-gamma Elispot assays and cytotoxicity by (51)Cr release assays. RESULTS Neither primary multiple myeloma cells (MMCs) nor HMCLs expressed B7-1 or 4-1BBL, and these molecules could not be induced by CD40 triggering. HMCLs failed to stimulate allogeneic or autologous T cells. Transduction of HMCLs with B7-1 and/or 4-1BBL retroviruses induced a high expression of B7-1 and 4-1BBL molecules and a strong T-cell activation ability. Long-term cultured CD8(+) T-cell lines could be obtained by stimulation with the autologous B7-1/4-1BBL XG-19 HMCL. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) efficiently killed the autologous parental XG-19 HMCL as well as autologous primary MMCs and allogeneic HMCLs. They did not kill autologous CD34 cells and autologous EBV cell line or natural killer target K562 cells. Cloned CTL could recognize allogeneic HMCLs, demonstrating that a shared anti-MMC repertoire was expanded. CONCLUSION Transduction with B7-1 and 4-1BBL retroviruses turned HMCLs into efficient APCs. It permitted the long-term expansion of autologous anti-tumor CTL with a shared anti-MMC repertoire, for one HMCL. These data suggest developing an immunotherapy using modified tumor cells in patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maud Condomines
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie
CHU MontpellierHôpital Saint-Eloi
Montpellier,FR
- UFR de médecine
Université Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475 IFR76 Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Karin Tarte
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475 IFR76 Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | - Laure Nadal
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie
CHU MontpellierHôpital Saint-Eloi
Montpellier,FR
| | | | - Jean-François Rossi
- Service d'hématologie et oncologie médicale
CHU Montpellier Hôpital LapeyronieUniversité Montpellier I34000 Montpellier,FR
| | | | - Bernard Klein
- Unité de thérapie cellulaire
CHU MontpellierFR
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie
CHU MontpellierHôpital Saint-Eloi
Montpellier,FR
- UFR de médecine
Université Montpellier IMontpellier,FR
- Immunopathologie des maladies tumorales et autoimmunes
INSERM : U475 IFR76 Institut de recherche en biothérapieUniversité Montpellier ICentre de Recherche Inserm
99, Rue Puech Villa
34197 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Bernard Klein
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Condomines M, Hose D, Raynaud P, Hundemer M, De Vos J, Baudard M, Moehler T, Pantesco V, Moos M, Schved JF, Rossi JF, Rème T, Goldschmidt H, Klein B. Cancer/testis genes in multiple myeloma: expression patterns and prognosis value determined by microarray analysis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3307-15. [PMID: 17312182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are expressed in testis and malignant tumors but rarely in nongametogenic tissues. Due to this pattern, they represent attractive targets for cancer vaccination approaches. The aims of the present study are: 1) to assess the expression of CT genes on a pangenomic base in multiple myeloma (MM); 2) to assess the prognosis value of CT gene expression; and 3) to provide selection strategies for CT Ags in clinical vaccination trials. We report the expression pattern of CT genes in purified MM cells (MMC) of 64 patients with newly diagnosed MM and12 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, in normal plasma cell and B cell samples, and in 20 MMC lines. Of the 46 CT genes interrogated by the Affymetrix HG-U133 set arrays, 35 are expressed in the MMC of at least one patient. Of these, 25 are located on chromosome X. The expression of six CT genes is associated with a shorter event-free survival. The MMC of 98% of the patients express at least one CT gene, 86% at least two, and 70% at least three CT genes. By using a set of 10 CT genes including KM-HN-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-A3/6/12, MAGE-A5, MORC, DDX43, SPACA3, SSX-4, GAGE-1-8, and MAGE-C2, a combination of at least three CT genes-desirable for circumventing tumor escape mechanisms-is obtained in the MMC of 67% of the patients. Provided that the immunogenicity of the products of these 10 CT genes is confirmed, gene expression profiling could be useful in identifying which CT Ags could be used to vaccinate a given patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Condomines
- Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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