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Prakash C, Mangus H, Yan Y, Yang H, Iyer V. An innovative phase I study in healthy subjects to determine the mass balance, elimination, metabolism, and absolute bioavailability of mitapivat. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2021-2032. [PMID: 37596712 PMCID: PMC10582659 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitapivat, a first-in-class, oral, small-molecule, allosteric activator of the red blood cell-specific form of pyruvate kinase (PKR), was approved for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. In this phase I mass balance study in healthy males, we administered a single ~120 mg oral dose of [14 C]mitapivat and a concomitant intravenous ~0.1 mg microdose of [13 C6 ]mitapivat. We determined (1) the routes of total radioactivity excretion, including the mass balance of total radioactivity in urine and feces; (2) the pharmacokinetics of mitapivat and [13 C6 ]mitapivat in plasma and total radioactivity in whole blood and plasma; (3) the absolute oral bioavailability of mitapivat; and (4) the metabolite profiles in plasma and excreta. Mean recovery of the radioactive dose was 89.1% (49.6% in urine and 39.6% in feces). [14 C]Mitapivat was rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized as <4% of the total radioactive dose was excreted unaltered in urine and feces. Mean absolute oral bioavailability was 72.7%. A total of 17 metabolites were identified. Mitapivat accounted for 57% and 34% of plasma radioactivity in AUC0-24 and AUC0-72 pooled samples, respectively. The remaining radioactivity was attributable to several metabolites, each representing <10% of the total radioactivity in pooled samples; none were disproportionate metabolites as defined by the US Food and Drug Administration and International Conference on Harmonisation M3 guidelines. Metabolite structures suggest that the primary metabolic pathways for [14 C]mitapivat in humans include N-dealkylation of the cyclopropylmethyl moiety, oxygenation of the quinoline-8-sulfonamide, oxidation/unsaturation, scission of the piperazine moiety, and amide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Yan
- Agios PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hua Yang
- Agios PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Varsha Iyer
- Agios PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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van Dijk MJ, de Wilde JRA, Bartels M, Kuo KHM, Glenthøj A, Rab MAE, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R. Activation of pyruvate kinase as therapeutic option for rare hemolytic anemias: Shedding new light on an old enzyme. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101103. [PMID: 37353463 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel developments in therapies for various hereditary hemolytic anemias reflect the pivotal role of pyruvate kinase (PK), a key enzyme of glycolysis, in red blood cell (RBC) health. Without PK catalyzing one of the final steps of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, there is no net yield of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during glycolysis, the sole source of energy production required for proper RBC function and survival. In hereditary hemolytic anemias, RBC health is compromised and therefore lifespan is shortened. Although our knowledge on glycolysis in general and PK function in particular is solid, recent advances in genetic, molecular, biochemical, and metabolic aspects of hereditary anemias have improved our understanding of these diseases. These advances provide a rationale for targeting PK as therapeutic option in hereditary hemolytic anemias other than PK deficiency. This review summarizes the knowledge, rationale, (pre)clinical trials, and future advances of PK activators for this important group of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe J van Dijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R A de Wilde
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Bartels
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Danish Red Blood Center, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard J van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Gjorgjieva M, Ay AS, Correia de Sousa M, Delangre E, Dolicka D, Sobolewski C, Maeder C, Fournier M, Sempoux C, Foti M. MiR-22 Deficiency Fosters Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Fatty Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182860. [PMID: 36139435 PMCID: PMC9496902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-22 is mostly considered as a hepatic tumor-suppressor microRNA based on in vitro analyses. Yet, whether miR-22 exerts a tumor-suppressive function in the liver has not been investigated in vivo. Herein, in silico analyses of miR-22 expression were performed in hepatocellular carcinomas from human patient cohorts and different mouse models. Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinomas were then investigated in lean and diet-induced obese miR-22-deficient mice. The proteome of liver tissues from miR-22-deficient mice prior to hepatocellular carcinoma development was further analyzed to uncover miR-22 regulated factors that impact hepatocarcinogenesis with miR-22 deficiency. MiR-22 downregulation was consistently observed in hepatocellular carcinomas from all human cohorts and mouse models investigated. The time of appearance of the first tumors was decreased and the number of tumoral foci induced by diethylnitrosamine was significantly increased by miR-22-deficiency in vivo, two features which were further drastically exacerbated with diet-induced obesity. At the molecular level, we provide evidence that the loss of miR-22 significantly affects the energetic metabolism and mitochondrial functions of hepatocytes, and the expression of tumor-promoting factors such as thrombospondin-1. Our study demonstrates that miR-22 acts as a hepatic tumor suppressor in vivo by restraining pro-carcinogenic metabolic deregulations through pleiotropic mechanisms and the overexpression of relevant oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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He R, Ren W, Xiang J, Dabbour M, Kumah Mintah B, Li Y, Ma H. Fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 7.5 L ultrasound-enhanced fermenter: Effect of sonication conditions on ethanol production, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and key regulating enzyme activity in glycolysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105624. [PMID: 34126524 PMCID: PMC8209745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of sonication on the fermentation process of a single-celled fungus was examined. During the experiment, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was used as the starting strain for ethanol fermentation (batch fermentation) in a 7.5 L automated fermentation tank. The fermentation tank connected with a six-frequency ultrasonic equipment. Non-sonication treatment was set up as the control. Sonication treatment with power density of 280 W/L and 48 h of treatment time were set up as trial groups for investigating the influence of different ultrasound frequency including 20, 23, 25, 28, 33 and 40 kHz on the changes in dry cell-weight, glucose consumption rate, and ethanol yield. The results showed that the dry cell-weight, glucose consumption rate, and ethanol content reached the best results under the ultrasonic condition of 28 kHz ultrasound frequency in comparison with other ultrasound frequency. The dry cell-weight and ethanol content of the 28 kHz ultrasonic treatment group increased by 17.30% and 30.79%, respectively in comparison with the control group The residual sugar content dropped to a lower level within 24 h, which was consistent with the change in ethanol production. Besides, the results found that the glucose consumption rate increased compared to the control. It indicated that ultrasound accelerated glucose consumption contributed to increase the rate of ethanol output. In order to explore the mechanism of sonication enhanced the content of ethanol output by S. cerevisiae, the morphology, permeability of S. cerevisiae and key enzyme activities of ethanol synthesis were investigated before and after sonication treatment. The results showed that after sonication treatment, the extracellular nucleic acid protein content and intracellular Ca2+ concentration increased significantly. The morphology of S. cerevisiae was observed by SEM and found that the surface of the strain had wrinkles and depressions after ultrasonic treatment. furthermore after sonication treatment, the activities of three key enzymes which catalyze three irreversible reactions in glycolysis metabolism, namely, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase increased by 59.02%, 109.05% and 87.27%, respectively. In a word, low-intensity ultrasound enhance the rate of ethanol output by S. cerevisiae might due to enhancing the growth and cell permeability of strains, and increasing the activities of three key enzymes of ethanol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Wenbin Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiahui Xiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
| | - Benjamin Kumah Mintah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yihe Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; College of Grain Engineering, Food & Drug, Jiangsu Vocational College of Finance & Economics, 8 Meicheng East Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223001, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Rab MAE, Van Oirschot BA, Kosinski PA, Hixon J, Johnson K, Chubukov V, Dang L, Pasterkamp G, Van Straaten S, Van Solinge WW, Van Beers EJ, Kung C, Van Wijk R. AG-348 (Mitapivat), an allosteric activator of red blood cell pyruvate kinase, increases enzymatic activity, protein stability, and ATP levels over a broad range of PKLR genotypes. Haematologica 2021; 106:238-249. [PMID: 31974203 PMCID: PMC7776327 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.238865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare hereditary disorder affecting red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, causing changes in metabolism including a deficiency in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This affects red cell homeostasis, promoting premature removal of RBC from the circulation. In this study, we characterized and evaluated the effect of AG-348, an allosteric activator of PK that is currently in clinical trials for treatment of PK deficiency, on RBC and erythroid precursors from PK-deficient patients. In 15 patients, ex vivo treatment with AG-348 resulted in increased enzymatic activity in all patients' cells after 24 hours (h) (mean increase: 1.8-fold; range: 1.2-3.4). ATP levels increased (mean increase: 1.5-fold; range: 1.0-2.2) similar to control cells (mean increase: 1.6-fold; range: 1.4-1.8). Generally, PK thermostability was strongly reduced in PK-deficient RBC. Ex vivo treatment with AG-348 increased residual activity from 1.4- to >10-fold more than residual activity of vehicle-treated samples. Protein analyses suggest that a sufficient level of PK protein is required for cells to respond to AG- 348 treatment ex vivo, as treatment effects were minimal in patient cells with very low or undetectable levels of PK-R. In half of the patients, ex vivo treatment with AG-348 was associated with an increase in RBC deformability. These data support the hypothesis that drug intervention with AG- 348 effectively up-regulates PK enzymatic activity and increases stability in PK-deficient RBC over a broad range of PKLR genotypes. The concomitant increase in ATP levels suggests that glycolytic pathway activity may be restored. AG-348 treatment may represent an attractive way to correct the underlying pathologies of PK deficiency. (AG-348 is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of PK deficiency. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT02476916, NCT03853798, NCT03548220, NCT03559699).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke A E Rab
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Brigitte A Van Oirschot
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter W Van Solinge
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Eduard J Van Beers
- Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Van Wijk
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht
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Bianchi P, Fermo E. Molecular heterogeneity of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Haematologica 2020; 105:2218-2228. [PMID: 33054047 PMCID: PMC7556514 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is the most common glycolytic defect associated with congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. The disease, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, is caused by mutations in the PKLR gene and is characterized by molecular and clinical heterogeneity; anemia ranges from mild or fully compensated hemolysis to life-threatening forms necessitating neonatal exchange transfusions and/or subsequent regular transfusion support; complications include gallstones, pulmonary hypertension, extramedullary hematopoiesis and iron overload. Since identification of the first pathogenic variants responsible for PK deficiency in 1991, more than 300 different variants have been reported, and the study of molecular mechanisms and the existence of genotype-phenotype correlations have been investigated in-depth. In recent years, during which progress in genetic analysis, next-generation sequencing technologies and personalized medicine have opened up important landscapes for diagnosis and study of molecular mechanisms of congenital hemolytic anemias, genotyping has become a prerequisite for accessing new treatments and for evaluating disease state and progression. This review examines the extensive molecular heterogeneity of PK deficiency, focusing on the diagnostic impact of genotypes and new acquisitions on pathogenic non-canonical variants. The recent progress and the weakness in understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation, and its practical usefulness in light of new therapeutic opportunities for PK deficiency are also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/genetics
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/therapy
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/genetics
- Humans
- Mutation
- Pyruvate Kinase/deficiency
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bianchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, UOC Ematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Fermo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, UOC Ematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Milan, Italy
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7
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Ostaszewski M, Kieffer E, Danoy G, Schneider R, Bouvry P. Clustering approaches for visual knowledge exploration in molecular interaction networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:308. [PMID: 30157777 PMCID: PMC6116538 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical knowledge grows in complexity, and becomes encoded in network-based repositories, which include focused, expert-drawn diagrams, networks of evidence-based associations and established ontologies. Combining these structured information sources is an important computational challenge, as large graphs are difficult to analyze visually. RESULTS We investigate knowledge discovery in manually curated and annotated molecular interaction diagrams. To evaluate similarity of content we use: i) Euclidean distance in expert-drawn diagrams, ii) shortest path distance using the underlying network and iii) ontology-based distance. We employ clustering with these metrics used separately and in pairwise combinations. We propose a novel bi-level optimization approach together with an evolutionary algorithm for informative combination of distance metrics. We compare the enrichment of the obtained clusters between the solutions and with expert knowledge. We calculate the number of Gene and Disease Ontology terms discovered by different solutions as a measure of cluster quality. Our results show that combining distance metrics can improve clustering accuracy, based on the comparison with expert-provided clusters. Also, the performance of specific combinations of distance functions depends on the clustering depth (number of clusters). By employing bi-level optimization approach we evaluated relative importance of distance functions and we found that indeed the order by which they are combined affects clustering performance. Next, with the enrichment analysis of clustering results we found that both hierarchical and bi-level clustering schemes discovered more Gene and Disease Ontology terms than expert-provided clusters for the same knowledge repository. Moreover, bi-level clustering found more enriched terms than the best hierarchical clustering solution for three distinct distance metric combinations in three different instances of disease maps. CONCLUSIONS In this work we examined the impact of different distance functions on clustering of a visual biomedical knowledge repository. We found that combining distance functions may be beneficial for clustering, and improve exploration of such repositories. We proposed bi-level optimization to evaluate the importance of order by which the distance functions are combined. Both combination and order of these functions affected clustering quality and knowledge recognition in the considered benchmarks. We propose that multiple dimensions can be utilized simultaneously for visual knowledge exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuel Kieffer
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue de la Fonte, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Grégoire Danoy
- Computer Science and Communications Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue de la Fonte, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Pascal Bouvry
- Computer Science and Communications Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue de la Fonte, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
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Safe and Efficient Gene Therapy for Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1187-98. [PMID: 27138040 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a monogenic metabolic disease caused by mutations in the PKLR gene that leads to hemolytic anemia of variable symptomatology and that can be fatal during the neonatal period. PKD recessive inheritance trait and its curative treatment by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation provide an ideal scenario for developing gene therapy approaches. Here, we provide a preclinical gene therapy for PKD based on a lentiviral vector harboring the hPGK eukaryotic promoter that drives the expression of the PKLR cDNA. This therapeutic vector was used to transduce mouse PKD hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that were subsequently transplanted into myeloablated PKD mice. Ectopic RPK expression normalized the erythroid compartment correcting the hematological phenotype and reverting organ pathology. Metabolomic studies demonstrated functional correction of the glycolytic pathway in RBCs derived from genetically corrected PKD HSCs, with no metabolic disturbances in leukocytes. The analysis of the lentiviral insertion sites in the genome of transplanted hematopoietic cells demonstrated no evidence of genotoxicity in any of the transplanted animals. Overall, our results underscore the therapeutic potential of the hPGK-coRPK lentiviral vector and provide high expectations toward the gene therapy of PKD and other erythroid metabolic genetic disorders.
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Holyoak T, Zhang B, Deng J, Tang Q, Prasannan CB, Fenton AW. Energetic coupling between an oxidizable cysteine and the phosphorylatable N-terminus of human liver pyruvate kinase. Biochemistry 2013; 52:466-76. [PMID: 23270483 DOI: 10.1021/bi301341r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During our efforts to characterize the regulatory properties of human liver pyruvate kinase (L-PYK), we have noted that the affinity of the protein for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) becomes reduced several days after cell lysis. A 1.8 Å crystallographic structure of L-PYK with the S12D mimic of phosphorylation indicates that Cys436 is oxidized, the first potential insight into explaining the effect of "aging". Interestingly, the oxidation is only to sulfenic acid despite the crystal growth time period of 2 weeks. Mutagenesis confirms that the side chain of residue 436 is energetically coupled to PEP binding. Mass spectrometry confirms that the oxidation is present in solution and is not an artifact caused by X-ray exposure. Exposure of the L-PYK mutations to H₂O₂ also confirms that PEP affinity is sensitive to the nature of the side chain at position 436. A 1.95 Å structure of the C436M mutant of L-PYK, the only mutation at position 436 that has been shown to strengthen PEP affinity, revealed that the methionine substitution results in the ordering of several N-terminal residues that have not been ordered in previous structures. This result allowed speculation that oxidation of Cys436 and phosphorylation of the N-terminus at Ser12 may function through a similar mechanism, namely the interruption of an activating interaction between the nonphosphorylated N-terminus with the nonoxidized main body of the protein. Mutant cycles were used to provide evidence that mutations of Cys436 are energetically synergistic with N-terminal modifications, a result that is consistent with phosphorylation of the N-terminus and oxidation of Cys436 functioning through mechanisms with common features. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to confirm that the newly ordered N-terminal residues were important to the regulation of enzyme function by the N-terminus of the enzyme (i.e., not an artifact caused by the introduced methionine substitution) and to further define which residues in the N-terminus are energetically coupled to PEP affinity. Collectively, these studies indicate energetic coupling (and potentially mechanistic similarities) between the oxidation of Cys436 and phosphorylation of Ser12 in the N-terminus of L-PYK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Holyoak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 3030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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10
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Modulation of gene expression in cold-induced sweetening resistant potato species Solanum berthaultii exposed to low temperature. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:411-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Wooden JM, Finney GL, Rynes E, Maccoss MJ, Lambert AJ, Robledo RF, Peters LL, Gilligan DM. Comparative proteomics reveals deficiency of SLC9A1 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE1) in β-adducin null red cells. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:492-501. [PMID: 21689084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spherocytosis is one of the most common inherited disorders, yet presents with a wide range of clinical severity. While several genes have been found mutated in patients with spherocytosis, the molecular basis for the variability in severity of haemolytic anaemia is not entirely understood. To identify candidate proteins involved in haemolytic anaemia pathophysiology, we utilized a label-free comparative proteomic approach to detect differences in red blood cells (RBCs) from normal and β-adducin (Add2) knock-out mice. We detected seven proteins that were decreased and 48 proteins that were increased in β-adducin null RBC ghosts. Since haemolytic anaemias are characterized by reticulocytosis, we compared reticulocyte-enriched samples from phenylhydrazine-treated mice with mature RBCs from untreated mice. Among the 48 proteins increased in Add2 knockout RBCs, only 11 were also increased in reticulocytes. Of the proteins decreased in Add2 knockout RBCs, α-adducin showed the greatest intensity difference, followed by SLC9A1, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger previously termed NHE1. We verified these mass spectrometry results by immunoblot. This is the first example of SLC9A1deficiency in haemolytic anaemia and suggests new insights into the mechanisms leading to fragile RBCs.
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Gilligan DM, Finney GL, Rynes E, Maccoss MJ, Lambert AJ, Peters LL, Robledo RF, Wooden JM. Comparative proteomics reveals deficiency of NHE-1 (Slc9a1) in RBCs from the beta-adducin knockout mouse model of hemolytic anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 47:85-94. [PMID: 21592827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic anemia is one of the most common inherited disorders. To identify candidate proteins involved in hemolytic anemia pathophysiology, we utilized a label-free comparative proteomic approach to detect differences in RBCs from normal and beta-adducin (Add2) knock-out mice. We detected 7 proteins that were decreased and 48 proteins that were increased in the beta-adducin knock-out RBC ghost. Since hemolytic anemias are characterized by reticulocytosis, we compared reticulocyte-enriched samples from phenylhydrazine-treated mice with mature RBCs from untreated mice. Label-free analysis identified 47 proteins that were increased in the reticulocyte-enriched samples and 21 proteins that were decreased. Among the proteins increased in Add2 knockout RBCs, only 11 were also found increased in reticulocytes. Among the proteins decreased in Add2 knockout RBCs, beta- and alpha-adducin showed the greatest intensity difference, followed by NHE-1 (Slc9a1), the sodium-hydrogen exchanger. We verified these mass spectrometry results by immunoblot. This is the first example of a deficiency of NHE-1 in hemolytic anemia and suggests new insights into the mechanisms leading to fragile RBCs. Our use of label-free comparative proteomics to make this discovery demonstrates the usefulness of this approach as opposed to metabolic or chemical isotopic labeling of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Gilligan
- Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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CITED2 is activated in ulcerative colitis and induces p53-dependent apoptosis in response to butyric acid. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:339-49. [PMID: 21165656 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis (UC), Fusobacterium varium is significantly detected in patients' mucosa, and butyric acid (BA), abundantly produced by the bacterium, activates the p53 system and induces epithelial apoptosis, as we previously reported. However, factors active in the link between BA and p53 have yet to be clarified. Here, we identified a gene activated by BA specifically in UC-associated cancer cell lines and ascertained the mechanism of its activation of p53. METHODS cDNA microarray analysis based on the Percellome (per cell normalization) method was performed on BA-stimulated UC-associated cancers and sporadic colorectal cancer cell lines under conditions mimicking colonic epithelium UC. For validation of microarray results, molecular, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. RESULTS We found the CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/asparagine-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2) to be specifically upregulated in UC-associated cancer cell lines by BA treatment, at both mRNA and protein expression levels. CITED2 could be shown to induce p53 acetylation and p53-dependent apoptosis, accompanied by binding of CBP/p300. BA-dependent apoptosis was suppressed by an inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter-1 and an siRNA for p53. In inflammatory foci of UC, histologically evident inflammatory activity and CITED2 expression were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS CITED2 was identified as UC-associated protein by cDNA microarray based on the Percellome method under UC-mimicking conditions in vitro. CITED2 activation may induce mucosal apoptosis and erosion by activating p53 and thus play a critical role in linking enteric bacteria with mucosal inflammation in UC.
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Wang P, Lo A, Young JB, Song JH, Lai R, Kneteman NM, Hao C, Li L. Targeted Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins between Bax-Expressing and Deficient Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3403-14. [DOI: 10.1021/pr9000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Andy Lo
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - J. Bryce Young
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jin H. Song
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Raymond Lai
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Norman M. Kneteman
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Liang Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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