1
|
López Hanotte J, Peralta F, Reggiani PC, Zappa Villar MF. Investigating the Impact of Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin on Female Rats with and without Ovaries: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2785-2802. [PMID: 38985243 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
To contribute to research on female models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), our aim was to study the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in female rats, and to evaluate a potential neuroprotective action of ovarian steroids against STZ. Female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or kept with ovaries (Sham) two weeks before ICV injections. Animals were injected with either vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF) or STZ (3 mg/kg) and separated into four experimental groups: Sham + aCSF, Sham + STZ, OVX + aCSF and OVX + STZ. Nineteen days post-injection, we assessed different behavioral aspects: burying, anxiety and exploration, object recognition memory, spatial memory, and depressive-like behavior. Immunohistochemistry and Immunoblot analyses were performed in the hippocampus to examine changes in AD-related proteins and neuronal and microglial populations. STZ affected burying and exploratory behavior depending on ovarian status, and impaired recognition but not spatial memory. STZ and ovariectomy increased depressive-like behavior. Interestingly, STZ did not alter the expression of β-amyloid peptide or Tau phosphorylated forms. STZ affected the neuronal population from the Dentate Gyrus, where immature neurons were more vulnerable to STZ in OVX rats. Regarding microglia, STZ increased reactive cells, and the OVX + STZ group showed an increase in the total cell number. In sum, STZ partially affected female rats, compared to what was previously reported for males. Although AD is more frequent in women, reports about the effect of ICV-STZ in female rats are scarce. Our work highlights the need to deepen into the effects of STZ in the female brain and study possible sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette López Hanotte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Facundo Peralta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula Cecilia Reggiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Zappa Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghaffari MK, Rafati A, Karbalaei N, Haghani M, Nemati M, Sefati N, Namavar MR. The effect of intra-nasal co-treatment with insulin and growth factor-rich serum on behavioral defects, hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, and histological changes induced by icv-STZ in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4833-4849. [PMID: 38157024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Impaired insulin and growth factor functions are thought to drive many alterations in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia and seem to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Recent studies revealed that nasal growth factor therapy could induce neuronal and oligodendroglia protection in rodent brain damage induction models. Impairment of several growth factors signaling was reported in neurodegenerative diseases. So, in the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal co-treatment of insulin and a pool of growth factor-rich serum (GFRS) which separated from activated platelets on memory, and behavioral defects induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) rat model also investigated changes in the hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative state and histology. We found that icv-STZ injection (3 mg/kg bilaterally) impairs spatial learning and memory in Morris Water Maze, leads to anxiogenic-like behavior in the open field arena, and induces oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia death in the hippocampus. GFRS (1µl/kg, each other day, 9 doses) and regular insulin (4 U/40 µl, daily, 18 doses) treatments improved learning, memory, and anxiogenic behaviors. The present study showed that co-treatment (GFRS + insulin with respective dose) has more robust protection against hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia survival in comparison with the single therapy. Memory and behavioral improvements in the co-treatment of insulin and GFRS could be attributed to their effects on neuronal/oligodendroglia survival and reduction of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Khorsand Ghaffari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sefati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mercerón-Martínez D, Alacán Ricardo L, Bejerano Pina A, Orama Rojo N, Expósito Seco A, Vega Hurtado Y, Estupiñán Días B, Fernández I, García Pupo L, Sablón Carrazana M, Rodríguez-Tanty C, Menéndez Soto Del Valle R, Almaguer-Melian W. Amylovis-201 enhances physiological memory formation and rescues memory and hippocampal cell loss in a streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease animal model. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148848. [PMID: 38432261 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its treatment is lacking. In this work, we tested Amylovis-201, a naphthalene-derived compound, as a possible therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD. For this purpose, we performed three experiments. In the first and third experiment, animals received a bilateral administration of streptozotocin and, starting 24 h after injection, a daily dose of Amylovis-201 (orally), for 17 days or for the whole time of the experiment respectively (28 days), after which learning and memory, as well as the number of hippocampal dentate gyrus cells, were assessed. In the second experiment, healthy animals received a single dose of Amylovis-201, 10 min or 5 h after the learning section to assess whether this substance could promote specific mechanisms involved in memory trace formation. Our data show that, administration of a single dose of Amylovis-201, 10 min after the end of training, but not at 5 h, produces a prolongation in memory duration, probably because it modulates specific mechanisms involved in memory trace consolidation. Furthermore, daily administration of Amylovis-201 to animals with bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of STZ produces a reduction in the loss of the hippocampus dentate gyrus cells and an improvement in spatial memory, probably because Amylovis-201 can interact with some of the protein kinases of the insulin signaling cascade, also involved in neural plasticity, and thereby halt or reverse some of the effects of STZ. Taking to account these results, Amylovis-201 is a good candidate for the therapeutic treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daymara Mercerón-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, CIREN. Ave 25, # 15805, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Yamilé Vega Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, CIREN. Ave 25, # 15805, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba
| | - Bárbara Estupiñán Días
- Laboratorio de Histología del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurología, CIREN. Ave 25, # 15805, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba
| | - Isabel Fernández
- Laboratorio de Histología del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurología, CIREN. Ave 25, # 15805, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba
| | - Laura García Pupo
- Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, CNEURO. Ave 25, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - William Almaguer-Melian
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, CIREN. Ave 25, # 15805, La Habana CP 11300, Cuba.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Majkutewicz I, Kurowska-Rucińska E, Ruciński J, Myślińska D, Grembecka B, Mantej J, Dzik KP. Diverse Efficacy of Dimethyl Fumarate in Alleviating the Late Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathological Features in Rat. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04024-8. [PMID: 38430351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment performed within three weeks after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) attenuated spatial memory impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in rats. The present study is aimed at verifying the hypothesis that DMF alleviates late effects of STZ (6 months after ICV injection) which reflects advanced stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) in human patients. Spatial memory was assessed with Morris water maze (MWM), general brain level of amyloid β (Aβ) and p-tau was measured by western blot, immunofluorescent labelling of active microglia (IBA1), Aβ and p-tau and histological assay of neurodegeneration (Fluoro-Jade C) were performed in hippocampus and cortex. Two-week oral therapy with DMF normalized spatial memory disrupted by STZ but had no influence on general brain level of Aβ and p-tau. However, immunofluorescence showed local reduction of Aβ aggregates number in parietal cortex and p-tau+ cells in CA2 hippocampal area. Microgliosis was alleviated by DMF in CA1 area and parietal cortex. DMF-treated STZ injected rats showed higher number of Aβ containing microglia than untreated group in CA2 and frontal cortex, which may be the result of increased phagocytic activity in these areas after DMF treatment. STZ-induced neurodegeneration was alleviated by DMF in dentate gyrus and frontal cortex. In conclusion DMF treatment exerts beneficial effect on spatial memory in the rat model of late stage of AD, but weakly influences neuropathological features, as only local reduction in number of Aβ aggregates, p-tau containing cells, neurodegeneration, and microgliosis was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Majkutewicz
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Jan Ruciński
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Myślińska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Grembecka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jagoda Mantej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna P Dzik
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masai K, Nakayama Y, Shin K, Sugahara C, Miyazaki I, Yasuhara T, Date I, Asanuma M. Neurogenesis impairment with glial activation in the hippocampus-connected regions of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-injected mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 820:137598. [PMID: 38110145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) is impaired by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) to rodents. Although neural cells in the several brain regions which connect with the hippocampus or SVZ is thought to be involved in the adult neurogenesis, few studies have investigated morphological alterations of glial cells in these areas. The present study revealed that icv-STZ induces reduction of neural progenitor cells and a dramatic increase in reactive astrocytes and microglia especially in the hippocampus and various hippocampus-connected brain areas. In contrast, there was no significant neuronal damage excluding demyelination of the stria medullaris. The results indicate the hippocampal neurogenesis impairment of this model might be occurred by activated glial cells in the hippocampus, or hippocampus-connected regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Masai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakayama
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sugahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ansari MA, Rao MS, Al-Jarallah A. Insights into early pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease: role of oxidative stress and loss of synaptic proteins. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1273626. [PMID: 38260013 PMCID: PMC10800995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1273626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, induced by impaired insulin signaling in the brain contributes to cognitive loss in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). This study evaluated early hippocampal oxidative stress, pre- and post-synaptic proteins in intraperitoneal (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) models of impaired insulin signaling. Adult male Wistar rats were injected with STZ, IP, or ICV, and sacrificed 1-, 3-, or 6-weeks post injection. Rat's cognitive behavior was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) tests at weeks 3 and 6. Hippocampal synaptosomal fractions were examined for oxidative stress markers and presynaptic [synapsin I, synaptophysin, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25)] and postsynaptic [drebrin, synapse-associated protein-97 (SAP-97), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95)] proteins. IP-STZ and ICV-STZ treatment impaired rat's cognition, decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in a time dependent manner. In addition, it reduced the expression of pre- and post-synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. The decline in cognition is significantly correlated with the reduction in synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. In conclusion, impaired insulin signaling in the brain is deleterious in causing early synaptosomal oxidative damage and synaptic loss that exacerbates with time and correlates with cognitive impairments. Our data implicates oxidative stress and synaptic protein loss as an early feature of sAD and provides insights into early biochemical and behavioral changes during disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | | | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diao Y, Lanz B, Jelescu IO. Subject classification and cross-time prediction based on functional connectivity and white matter microstructure features in a rat model of Alzheimer's using machine learning. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:193. [PMID: 37936236 PMCID: PMC10629161 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically takes decades from onset to clinical symptoms. Early brain changes in AD include MRI-measurable features such as altered functional connectivity (FC) and white matter degeneration. The ability of these features to discriminate between subjects without a diagnosis, or their prognostic value, is however not established. METHODS The main trigger mechanism of AD is still debated, although impaired brain glucose metabolism is taking an increasingly central role. Here, we used a rat model of sporadic AD, based on impaired brain glucose metabolism induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We characterized alterations in FC and white matter microstructure longitudinally using functional and diffusion MRI. Those MRI-derived measures were used to classify STZ from control rats using machine learning, and the importance of each individual measure was quantified using explainable artificial intelligence methods. RESULTS Overall, combining all the FC and white matter metrics in an ensemble way was the best strategy to discriminate STZ rats, with a consistent accuracy over 0.85. However, the best accuracy early on was achieved using white matter microstructure features, and later on using FC. This suggests that consistent damage in white matter in the STZ group might precede FC. For cross-timepoint prediction, microstructure features also had the highest performance while, in contrast, that of FC was reduced by its dynamic pattern which shifted from early hyperconnectivity to late hypoconnectivity. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the MRI-derived measures that best discriminate STZ vs control rats early in the course of the disease, with potential translation to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Diao
- Animal Imaging and Technology Section, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Animal Imaging and Technology Section, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana Ozana Jelescu
- Animal Imaging and Technology Section, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FA. Impaired Insulin Signaling Alters Mediators of Hippocampal Synaptic Dynamics/Plasticity: A Possible Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Cells 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37443762 PMCID: PMC10340300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi A. Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Humphrey CM, Hooker JW, Thapa M, Wilcox MJ, Ostrowski D, Ostrowski TD. Synaptic loss and gliosis in the nucleus tractus solitarii with streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148202. [PMID: 36521513 PMCID: PMC9840699 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, brainstem centers controlling respiration have received little attention in AD research, and mechanisms behind respiratory dysfunction in AD are not understood. The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is an important brainstem center for respiratory control and chemoreflex function. Alterations of nTS integrity, like those shown in AD patients, likely affect neuronal processing and adequate control of breathing. We used the streptozotocin-induced rat model of AD (STZ-AD) to analyze cellular changes in the nTS that corroborate previously documented respiratory dysfunction. We used 2 common dosages of STZ (2 and 3 mg/kg STZ) for model induction and evaluated the early impact on cell populations in the nTS. The hippocampus served as control region to identify site-specific effects of STZ. There was significant atrophy in the caudal nTS of the 3 mg/kg STZ-AD group only, an area known to integrate chemoafferent information. Also, the hippocampus had significant atrophy with the highest STZ dosage tested. Both STZ-AD groups showed respiratory dysfunction along with multiple indices for astroglial and microglial activation. These changes were primarily located in the caudal and intermediate nTS. While there was no change of astrocytes in the hippocampus, microglial activation was accompanied by a reduction in synaptic density. Together, our data demonstrate that STZ-AD induces site-specific effects on all major cell types, primarily in the caudal/intermediate nTS. Both STZ dosages used in this study produced a similar outcome and can be used for future studies examining the initial symptoms of STZ-AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuma M Humphrey
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - John W Hooker
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Mason J Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Daniela Ostrowski
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Tim D Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nabavi Zadeh F, Nazari M, Amini A, Adeli S, Barzegar Behrooz A, Fahanik Babaei J. Pre- and post-treatment of α-Tocopherol on cognitive, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial disorders of the hippocampus in icv-streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's-like disease in male Wistar rat. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1073369. [PMID: 37152606 PMCID: PMC10157075 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1073369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Most dementia cases in the elderly are caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex, progressive neurological disease. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rat's results in aberrant brain insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction that impair cognition change neural plasticity, and eventually lead to neuronal death. The current study aims to define the neuroprotective action of alpha-tocopherol in enhancing mitochondrial function and the function of synapses in memory-impaired rats brought on by icv-STZ. Methods Male Wistar rats were pre-treated with (α-Tocopherol 150 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days before and 14 days after being bilaterally injected with icv-STZ (3 mg/kg), while sham group rats received the same volume of STZ solvent. After 2 weeks of icv-STZ infusion, rats were tested for cognitive performance using a behaviors test and then were prepared electrophysiology recordings or sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological assays. Results The cognitive impairment was significantly minimized in the behavioral paradigms for those who had taken α-Tocopherol. In the hippocampus of icv-STZ rat brains, α-Tocopherol ocopherol effectively prevented the loss of glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, lowered mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential, and also brought about a decrease in Aβ aggregation and neuronal death. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that by lowering neurobehavioral impairments caused by icv-STZ, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, α-Tocopherol enhanced intracellular calcium homeostasis and corrected neurodegenerative defects in the brain. These findings examine the available approach for delaying AD connected to mitochondrial malfunction and plasticity issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nabavi Zadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Adeli
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Javad Fahanik Babaei, ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Performance of the intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin Alzheimer's disease model in a translationally relevant, aged and experienced rat population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20247. [PMID: 36424423 PMCID: PMC9691696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) induced brain state is a widely used model of sporadic Alzheimer-disease (AD). However, data have been generated in young, naive albino rats. We postulate that the translationally most relevant animal population of an AD model should be that of aged rats with substantial learning history. The objective of the study was thus to probe the model in old rats with knowledge in various cognitive domains. Long-Evans rats of 23 and 10 months age with acquired knowledge in five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), a cooperation task, Morris water-maze (MWM) and "pot-jumping" exercise were treated with 3 × 1.5 mg/kg icv. STZ and their performance were followed for 3 months in the above and additional behavioral assays. Both STZ-treated age groups showed significant impairment in the MWM (spatial learning) and novel object recognition test (recognition memory) but not in passive avoidance and fear conditioning paradigms (fear memory). In young STZ treated rats, significant differences were also found in the 5CSRTT (attention) and pot jumping test (procedural learning) while in old rats a significant increase in hippocampal phospho-tau/tau protein ratio was observed. No significant difference was found in the cooperation (social cognition) and pairwise discrimination (visual memory) assays and hippocampal β-amyloid levels. STZ treated old animals showed impulsivity-like behavior in several tests. Our results partly coincide with partly deviate from those published on young, albino, unexperienced rats. Beside the age, strain and experience level of the animals differences can also be attributed to the increased dose of STZ, and the applied food restriction regime. The observed cognitive and non-cognitive activity pattern of icv. STZ in aged experienced rats call for more extensive studies with the STZ model to further strengthen and specify its translational validity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ansari MA, Rao MS, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FM. Early Time Course of Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Synaptosomes and Cognitive Loss Following Impaired Insulin Signaling in Rats: Development of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
Kaur K, Narang RK, Singh S. AlCl 3 induced learning and memory deficit in zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:67-76. [PMID: 35843305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is a metal known to cause neurotoxicity in the brain, by promoting neurodegeneration and affecting memory and cognitive ability. AlCl3 has been reported to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory markers which are further responsible for the degeneration of neurons. AlCl3 exposure to zebrafish causes behavioral, biochemical, and neurochemical changes in the brain. In our study, Zebrafish were exposed to AlCl3 at three different doses (50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 200 µg/L) for four consecutive days. On days 1st and 4th, a novel diving test was performed to check anxiety in zebrafish. T - maze and novel object recognition test were used to check the memory on days 3rd and 4th with the help of ANY-maze software. On the last day (4th day), zebrafishes were sacrificed and whole brains were used to perform the biochemical, neurotransmitters, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study revealed that AlCl3 exposure significantly decreased the total distance traveled, and the number of entries in the top zone and increased the time spent in the bottom zone, checked through the novel diving test. In the T maze test, AlCl3 treated zebrafish showed significantly increased transfer latency to the favorable zone and time spent, and the number of entries to the unfavorable zone. The exploration time with the novel object was reduced significantly after AlCl3 treatment. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly reduced in AlCl3 treated zebrafish whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found to be increased, indicating high oxidative stress. The neurotransmitters level was also disturbed indicated by the significantly decreased GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, and Serotonin levels and increased glutamate level in the brain of zebrafish treated with AlCl3. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemistry study shows a markedly increased number of pyknotic neurons and reduced the expression of Nrf2 in the zebrafish brain after AlCl3 exposure. These findings suggest that AlCl3 significantly causes behavioral, biochemical, neurotransmitters, morphological, and molecular changes in zebrafish, ultimately causing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Affiliated to IKG, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India
| | - R K Narang
- Nanomedicine Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Noor NA, Hosny EN, Khadrawy YA, Mourad IM, Othman AI, Aboul Ezz HS, Mohammed HS. Effect of curcumin nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced male Wistar rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:343-357. [PMID: 35048324 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that afflicts millions of people all over the world. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a sub-diabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (STZ) was established as an experimental animal model of AD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin nanoparticles (CNs) against the behavioral, neurochemical and histopathological alterations induced by ICV-STZ. The animals were divided into: control animals, the animal model of AD that received a single bilateral ICV microinjection of STZ, and the animals protected by a daily oral administration of CNs for 6 days before the ICV-STZ injection. The animals of all groups were subjected to surgical operation on the 7th day of administration. Then the administration of distilled water or CNs was continued for 8 days. The ICV-STZ microinjection produced cognitive impairment as evident from the behavioral Morris water maze (MWM) test and induced oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus as indicated by the significant increases in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) levels and the significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. It also produced a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-ɑ) and a significant decrease in Na+,K + -ATPase. In addition, a significant increase in amino acid neurotransmitters occurred in the hippocampus, whereas a significant decrease was obtained in the cortex of STZ-induced AD rats. CNs ameliorated the behavioral, immunohistochemical and most of the neurochemical alterations induced by STZ in the hippocampus and cortex. It may be concluded that CNs might be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Noor
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Division, National Research Center, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Division, National Research Center, El-Behouth St., Giza, Egypt.
| | - Iman M Mourad
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amel I Othman
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wirt RA, Crew LA, Ortiz AA, McNeela AM, Flores E, Kinney JW, Hyman JM. Altered theta rhythm and hippocampal-cortical interactions underlie working memory deficits in a hyperglycemia risk factor model of Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1036. [PMID: 34480097 PMCID: PMC8417282 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with dysregulated glucose and insulin levels and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. It is thought that chronic hyperglycemia leads to neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus leading to cognitive decline, but effects on hippocampal network activity are unknown. A sustained hyperglycemic state was induced in otherwise healthy animals and subjects were then tested on a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hyperglycemic animals performed worse on long delay trials and had multiple electrophysiological differences throughout the task. We found increased delta power and decreased theta power in the hippocampus, which led to altered theta/delta ratios at the end of the delay period. Cross frequency coupling was significantly higher in multiple bands and delay period hippocampus-ACC theta coherence was elevated, revealing hypersynchrony. The highest coherence values appeared long delays on error trials for STZ animals, the opposite of what was observed in controls, where lower delay period coherence was associated with errors. Consistent with previous investigations, we found increases in phosphorylated tau in STZ animals’ hippocampus and cortex, which might account for the observed oscillatory and cognitive changes. To investigate the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on hippocampal network activity Wirt et al induced sustained hyperglycemia in rats and tested them in a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. They demonstrated that hyperglycemia impaired task performance and altered theta rhythm as well as increasing tau phosphorylation, which suggest there is potentially a direct link between chronic hyperglycemia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Wirt
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Lauren A Crew
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrew A Ortiz
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Adam M McNeela
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Emmanuel Flores
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - James M Hyman
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gáspár A, Hutka B, Ernyey AJ, Tajti BT, Varga BT, Zádori ZS, Gyertyán I. Intracerebroventricularly Injected Streptozotocin Exerts Subtle Effects on the Cognitive Performance of Long-Evans Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662173. [PMID: 34025423 PMCID: PMC8138205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin (STZ)-induced learning impairment has been an increasingly used rat model of Alzheimer disease. The evoked pathological changes involve many symptoms of the human disease (cognitive decline, increase in β-amyloid and phospho-tau level, amyloid plaque-like deposits). However, the model has predominantly been used with Wistar rats in the literature. The objective of the current study was to transfer it to Long-Evans rats with the ulterior aim to integrate it in a complex cognitive test battery where we use this strain because of its superior cognitive capabilities. We performed two experiments (EXP1, EXP2) with three months old male animals. At EXP1, rats were treated with 2 × 1.5 mg/kg STZ (based on the literature) or citrate buffer vehicle injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricles on days 1 and 3. At EXP2 animals were treated with 3 × 1.5 mg/kg STZ or citrate buffer vehicle injected in the same way as in EXP1 at days 1, 3, and 5. Learning and memory capabilities of the rats were then tested in the following paradigms: five choice serial reaction time test (daily training, started from week 2 or 8 post surgery in Exp1 or Exp2, respectively, and lasting until the end of the experiment); novel object recognition (NOR) test (at week 8 or 14), passive avoidance (at week 11 or 6) and Morris water-maze (at week 14 or 6). 15 or 14 weeks after the STZ treatment animals were sacrificed and brain phospho-tau/tau protein ratio and β -amyloid level were determined by western blot technique. In EXP1 we could not find any significant difference between the treated and the control groups in any of the assays. In EXP2 we found significant impairment in the NOR test and elevated β-amyloid level in the STZ treated group in addition to slower learning of the five-choice paradigm and a trend for increased phospho-tau/tau ratio. Altogether our findings suggest that the Long-Evans strain may be less sensitive to the STZ treatment than the Wistar rats and higher doses may be needed to trigger pathological changes in these animals. The results also highlight the importance of strain diversity in modelling human diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kelliny S, Lin L, Deng I, Xiong J, Zhou F, Al-Hawwas M, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. A New Approach to Model Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injection in APP/PS1 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3692-3711. [PMID: 33797693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly people. Majority of AD cases are sporadic (SAD) with unknown cause. Transgenic animal models closely reflect the familial (genetic) aspect of the disease but not the sporadic type. However, most new drug candidates which are tested positive in transgenic animal models failed in clinical studies so far. Herein, we aim to develop an AD animal model that combines most of the neuropathological features seen in sporadic AD in humans with amyloid plaques observed in transgenic mice. Four-month-old wild-type and APP/PS1 AD mice were given a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), a diabetogenic agent. Three weeks later, their cognitive behavior was assessed, and their brain tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. STZ produced cognitive deficits in both non-transgenic mice and AD mice. Biochemical analysis showed a severe decline in synaptic proteins, increase in tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, disturbed brain insulin signaling with extensive neuroinflammation, and cell death. Significant increase was also observed in the level of the soluble beta amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments and robust accumulation of amyloid plaques in AD mice compared to the control. These results suggest that STZ ICV treatment causes disturbance in multiple metabolic and cell signaling pathways in the brain that facilitated amyloid plaque accumulation and tau phosphorylation. Therefore, this animal model can be used to evaluate new AD therapeutic agents for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kelliny
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Liying Lin
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Isaac Deng
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jing Xiong
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fiona Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Diao Y, Yin T, Gruetter R, Jelescu IO. PIRACY: An Optimized Pipeline for Functional Connectivity Analysis in the Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:602170. [PMID: 33841071 PMCID: PMC8032956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.602170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a widespread and powerful tool for investigating functional connectivity (FC) and brain disorders. However, FC analysis can be seriously affected by random and structured noise from non-neural sources, such as physiology. Thus, it is essential to first reduce thermal noise and then correctly identify and remove non-neural artifacts from rs-fMRI signals through optimized data processing methods. However, existing tools that correct for these effects have been developed for human brain and are not readily transposable to rat data. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a data processing pipeline that can robustly remove random and structured noise from rat rs-fMRI data. It includes a novel denoising approach based on the Marchenko-Pastur Principal Component Analysis (MP-PCA) method, FMRIB's ICA-based Xnoiseifier (FIX) for automatic artifact classification and cleaning, and global signal regression (GSR). Our results show that: (I) MP-PCA denoising substantially improves the temporal signal-to-noise ratio, (II) the pre-trained FIX classifier achieves a high accuracy in artifact classification, and (III) both independent component analysis (ICA) cleaning and GSR are essential steps in correcting for possible artifacts and minimizing the within-group variability in control animals while maintaining typical connectivity patterns. Reduced within-group variability also facilitates the exploration of potential between-group FC changes, as illustrated here in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Diao
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ting Yin
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana O. Jelescu
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Toljan K, Homolak J. Circadian changes in Alzheimer's disease: Neurobiology, clinical problems, and therapeutic opportunities. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:285-300. [PMID: 34225969 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is an active area of research, and the traditional focus on hippocampus, amyloid and tau protein, and memory impairment has been expanded with components like neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and circadian rhythm alterations. The bidirectional vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration on a molecular level may cause functional deficits already long before the appearance of overt clinical symptoms. Located at the crossroads of metabolic, circadian, and hormonal signaling, the hypothalamus has been identified as another brain region affected by AD pathophysiology. Current findings on hypothalamic dysfunction open a broader horizon for studying AD pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. While treatments with cholinomimetics and memantine form a first line of pharmacological treatment, additional innovative research is pursued toward the development of antiinflammatory, growth factor, or antidiabetic types of medication. Following recent epidemiological data showing associations of AD incidence with modern societal and "life-style"-related risk factors, also nonpharmacological interventions, including sleep optimization, are being developed and some have been shown to be beneficial. Circadian aspects in AD are relevant from a pathophysiological standpoint, but they can also have an important role in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, and appropriate timing of sleep, meals, and medication may boost therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Toljan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng J, Wang G, Zhang N, Li F, Shi L, Li H. Isovitexin modulates autophagy in Alzheimer's disease via miR-107 signalling. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:391-401. [PMID: 33335779 PMCID: PMC7718616 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ultimately fatal, degenerative brain disease in the elderly people. In the current work, we assessed the defensive capability of isovitexin (IVX) through an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD mouse model. Methods: Mice were separated into four cohorts: sham-operated control mice; STZ-intoxicated Alzheimer’s mice; IVX cohort, IVX + STZ; and Ant-107 cohort, antagomiR-107 + IVX/STZ as in the IVX cohort. Results: The outcomes indicated that IVX administration ameliorated spatial memory loss and blunted a cascade of neuro-noxious episodes – including increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and degraded myelin basic protein burden, neuroinflammation (represented by elevated caspase-1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels) and autophagic dysfunction (represented by altered LC3-II, Atg7 and beclin-1 expressions) – via the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling axis. We considered the question of whether the epigenetic role of microRNA-107 (miR-107) has any impact on these events, by using antagomiR-107. Conclusion: This probing underscored that miR-107 could be a pivotal regulatory button in the activation of molecular signals linked with the beneficial autophagic process and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to IVX treatment. Hence, this report exemplifies that IVX could guard against Aβ toxicity and serve as an effectual treatment for patients afflicted with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Haining Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tristão Pereira C, Diao Y, Yin T, da Silva AR, Lanz B, Pierzchala K, Poitry-Yamate C, Jelescu IO. Synchronous nonmonotonic changes in functional connectivity and white matter integrity in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117498. [PMID: 33164858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain glucose hypometabolism has been singled out as an important contributor and possibly main trigger to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) cause brain glucose hypometabolism without systemic diabetes. Here, a first-time longitudinal study of brain glucose metabolism, functional connectivity and white matter microstructure was performed in icv-STZ rats using PET and MRI. Histological markers of pathology were tested at an advanced stage of disease. STZ rats exhibited altered functional connectivity and intra-axonal damage and demyelination in brain regions typical of AD, in a temporal pattern of acute injury, transient recovery/compensation and chronic degeneration. In the context of sustained glucose hypometabolism, these nonmonotonic trends - also reported in behavioral studies of this animal model as well as in human AD - suggest a compensatory mechanism, possibly recruiting ketone bodies, that allows a partial and temporary repair of brain structure and function. The early acute phase could thus become a valuable therapeutic window to strengthen the recovery phase and prevent or delay chronic degeneration, to be considered both in preclinical and clinical studies of AD. In conclusion, this work reveals the consequences of brain insulin resistance on structure and function, highlights signature nonmonotonic trajectories in their evolution and proposes potent MRI-derived biomarkers translatable to human AD and diabetic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Tristão Pereira
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yujian Diao
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ting Yin
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Analina R da Silva
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ileana O Jelescu
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, EPFL, Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dixit S, Mehra RD, Dhar P. Effect of α-lipoic acid on spatial memory and structural integrity of developing hippocampal neurons in rats subjected to sodium arsenite exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103323. [PMID: 31935550 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic has been reported to affect the nervous system in a number of ways. Various epidemiological studies suggest cognitive impairment in subjects following exposure to environmental arsenic. The goal of the present study was to determine if supplementation of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) could ameliorate sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced adverse effects on learning and memory and synaptic connectivity in rat hippocampus. METHODS Accordingly, NaAsO2 alone (1.5/2.0 mg/kg bw) or NaAsO2 along with ALA (70 mg/kg bw) was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route from postnatal day (PND) 4-17 to Wistar rat pups (experimental groups) and the Control groups received either distilled water or no treatment at all. After carrying out Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, the fresh brain tissues were collected on PND 18 and processed for Golgi Cox staining. RESULTS Observations of MWM test revealed impaired learning and memory in iAs alone treated animals as against those co-exposed to iAs and ALA. In Golgi stained hippocampal sections of iAs alone treated animals, decreased dendritic arborization and reduced number of spines in pyramidal neurons (CA1) and granule cells (DG) was observed whereas neuronal morphology was preserved in the controls and ALA supplemented groups CONCLUSIONS: These observations are suggestive of beneficial effects of ALA on iAs induced effects on learning and memory as well as on hippocampal neuronal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Dixit
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raj D Mehra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Pushpa Dhar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi S, Yin H, Li J, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X. Studies of pathology and pharmacology of diabetic encephalopathy with KK-Ay mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:332-342. [PMID: 31401815 PMCID: PMC7052806 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is not completely understood until now. The purposes of this study were to illustrate the changes in morphology, function, and important transporters in neurons and glia during DE, as well as to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of medicines and the diet control on DE. METHODS Spontaneous obese KK-Ay mice were used to investigate diabetes-induced cognitive disorder, the morphology, function, and protein expression changes in impact animal and the cell level studies. The new drug candidate PHPB, donepezil, and low-fat food were used to observe the therapeutic effects. RESULTS KK-Ay mice at 5 months of age showed typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and appeared significant cognitive deficits. Morphological study showed microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression was increased in hippocampal neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression decreased in astrocytes. Meanwhile, the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) expression was increased and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) decreased, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was also reduced in KK-Ay mice. Microglia were activated, and IL-1β and TNF-α were increased obviously in the brains of the KK-Ay mice. Most of the above changes in the KK-Ay mice at 5 months of age could be relieved by diet intervention (DR) or by treatment of donepezil or new drug candidate PHPB. CONCLUSION KK-Ay mouse is a useful animal model for studying DE. The alterations of morphology, structure, and function of astrocyte and microglia in KK-Ay mice might be rescued by DR and by treatment of medicine. The proteins we reported in this study could be used as biomarkers and the potential drug targets for DE study and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Jing Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pfutzenreuter G, Nieradka K, Pincerati MR, da Silva IS. Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induces behavioral impairments and increases short-term C3 gene expression in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Bagaméry F, Varga K, Kecsmár K, Vincze I, Szökő É, Tábi T. Lack of insulin resistance in response to streptozotocin treatment in neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:71-80. [PMID: 31858268 PMCID: PMC6942577 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it is suggested that brain insulin resistance may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease; therefore, there is a high interest in its investigation. Streptozotocin (STZ) is often used to induce dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism in animal and cell culture models. Alteration in insulin sensitivity however, has not yet been assessed in neuronal cells after STZ treatment. We aimed at studying the concentration dependence of the protective effect of insulin on STZ-induced damage using SH-SY5Y cell line. Cells were treated with STZ and cell viability was assessed by resazurin reduction and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Low serum (LS) medium was used as control damage. The effect of various concentrations (30, 100, 300, 1000 nM) of insulin was studied on cell viability and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation, an indicator of insulin signaling. STZ induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, its 1 mM concentration exerted a low, gradually developing damage. The cytoprotective effect of insulin was demonstrated in both STZ and LS groups. Its maximal effect was lower in the STZ-treated cells; however, its effective concentration remained largely unaltered. Insulin-induced GSK-3 phosphorylation was similar in the STZ- and LS-treated cells suggesting unchanged insulin signaling. Our present results indicate that STZ does not induce significant impairment in insulin sensitivity in SH-SY5Y cells, thus in this cell line it is not a good tool for studying the role of insulin resistance in neurodegeneration and to examine protective agents acting by improving insulin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Bagaméry
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Varga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Kitti Kecsmár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - István Vincze
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy Improved the Streptozotocin-Induced Behavioral and Hippocampal Impairment in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:600-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Wang J, Wang S, Wang W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Cai L. Protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy is achieved using a combination of sulforaphane and zinc in type 1 diabetic OVE26 mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6319-6330. [PMID: 31270951 PMCID: PMC6714218 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) can effectively induce nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and zinc (Zn) can effectively induce metallothionein (MT), both of which have been shown to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it is unclear whether combined treatment with SFN and Zn offers better cardiac protection than either one alone. Here, we treated 5‐week‐old OVE mice that spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes with SFN and/or Zn for 18 weeks. Cardiac dysfunction, by echocardiography, and pathological alterations and remodelling, shown by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative damage, examined by histopathology, Western blotting and real‐time PCR, were observed in OVE mice. All these dysfunction and pathological abnormalities seen in OVE mice were attenuated in OVE mice with treatment of either SFN, Zn or SFN/Zn, and the combined treatment with SFN/Zn was better than single treatments at ameliorating DCM. In addition, combined SFN and Zn treatment increased Nrf2 function and MT expression in the heart of OVE mice to a greater extent than SFN or Zn alone. This indicates that the dual activation of Nrf2 and MT by combined treatment with SFN and Zn may be more effective than monotherapy at preventing the development of DCM via complementary, additive mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqun Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Martini F, Rosa SG, Klann IP, Fulco BCW, Carvalho FB, Rahmeier FL, Fernandes MC, Nogueira CW. A multifunctional compound ebselen reverses memory impairment, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:107-117. [PMID: 30521994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline including memory impairment, cortical dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The drug discovery to treat AD consists to develop compounds able to act in multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and the repositioning of old drugs for new application. This way, the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) has been used as a metabolic model of sporadic AD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ebselen (1-10 mg/kg), a multifunctional selenoorganic compound, ameliorates memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptosis and cell proliferation in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ (3 mg/kg, 1 μl/min). The administration of ebselen (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress, by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of a non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, in Swiss mice administered with icv STZ. The anti-apoptotic property of ebselen was demonstrated by its effectiveness against the increase in the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved PARP/PARP and the cleaved caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of icv STZ mice. Although ebselen reversed memory impairment, it was ineffective against the reduction in the number of BrdU positive cells induced by icv STZ. In conclusion, the multifunctional selenoorganic compound ebselen was effective to reverse memory impairment, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of sporadic AD induced by icv STZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Martini
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pregardier Klann
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cruz Weber Fulco
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francine Luciano Rahmeier
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilda Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia da Fundação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
TRPA1 Antagonists for Pain Relief. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040117. [PMID: 30388732 PMCID: PMC6316422 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the literature assessing the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel, in various types of pain conditions. In the nervous system, TRPA1 is expressed in a subpopulation of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, astroglia, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In peripheral terminals of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, it is involved in the transduction of potentially harmful stimuli and in their central terminals it is involved in amplification of nociceptive transmission. TRPA1 is a final common pathway for a large number of chemically diverse pronociceptive agonists generated in various pathophysiological pain conditions. Thereby, pain therapy using TRPA1 antagonists can be expected to be a superior approach when compared with many other drugs targeting single nociceptive signaling pathways. In experimental animal studies, pharmacological or genetic blocking of TRPA1 has effectively attenuated mechanical and cold pain hypersensitivity in various experimental models of pathophysiological pain, with only minor side effects, if any. TRPA1 antagonists acting peripherally are likely to be optimal for attenuating primary hyperalgesia (such as inflammation-induced sensitization of peripheral nerve terminals), while centrally acting TRPA1 antagonists are expected to be optimal for attenuating pain conditions in which central amplification of transmission plays a role (such as secondary hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia caused by various types of peripheral injuries). In an experimental model of peripheral diabetic neuropathy, prolonged blocking of TRPA1 has delayed the loss of nociceptive nerve endings and their function, thereby promising to provide a disease-modifying treatment.
Collapse
|
30
|
Brown AG, Thapa M, Hooker JW, Ostrowski TD. Impaired chemoreflex correlates with decreased c-Fos in respiratory brainstem centers of the streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:285-292. [PMID: 30359566 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Besides impairment in cognition and memory, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often exhibit marked dysfunction in respiratory control. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is commonly found in cases of AD, resulting in periods of hypoxia during sleep. Early structural changes in brainstem areas controlling respiratory function may account for SDB in the course of AD. However, to date the underlying mechanisms for these complications are not known. The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of AD exhibits abnormal responses to hypoxia and increased astrogliosis in a key region for respiratory control. In this study we further defined the pathophysiological respiratory response of STZ-AD rats to 10% O2. In addition, we analyzed hypoxia-induced neuronal activation in respiratory and cardiovascular nuclei of the dorsal and ventral brainstem. Two hours of hypoxia induced a transient increase in tidal volume that was followed by a prolonged increase in respiratory rate. Only respiratory rate was significantly blunted in the STZ-AD model, which continued over the entire duration of the hypoxic episode. Analysis of c-Fos expression as a marker for neuronal activation showed abundant labeling throughout the nTS, nuclei of the ventral respiratory column, and A1/C1 cells of cardiovascular centers in the ventral brainstem. STZ-AD rats showed a significant decrease of c-Fos labeling in the caudal/medial nTS, rostral ventral respiratory group, and Bötzinger complex. c-Fos in other respiratory centers and A1/C1 cells was unaltered when compared to control. The results of this study document a region-specific impact of STZ-induced AD in respiratory brainstem nuclei. This decrease in c-Fos expression correlates with the observed blunting of respiration to hypoxia in the STZ-AD rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Brown
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - John W Hooker
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Tim D Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Motzko-Soares ACP, Vizin RCL, Martins TMS, Hungaro ARO, Sato JR, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC. Thermoregulatory profile of neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13084. [PMID: 29719119 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Here, we have extensively investigated the relationship between thermoregulation and neurodegeneration-induced dementia of the Alzheimer's type using intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (icv-STZ). METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with bilateral injections of icv-STZ, and their thermoregulatory profiles (core body temperature, tail-skin temperature, cold and heat defence responses and thermal place preference) were evaluated. Spatial memory, locomotor activity, social interaction, brain ventricular volume, and Aβ1-42 and tau protein levels in the brain were analysed to characterize the effects of STZ on the brain and behaviour. RESULTS In addition to deficits in spatial memory, reduced social interaction and an increased brain ventricular volume, icv-STZ rats presented a pattern of hyperthermia, as demonstrated by an increased core body temperature. Hyperthermia was due to the activation of both autonomic heat conservation and behavioural cold avoidance, as STZ-treated rats presented tail-cutaneous vasoconstriction and an altered thermal preference. They also showed a distinct cold defence response when exposed to cold. CONCLUSION Our data bring evidence that icv-STZ in rats causes hyperthermia, with activation of both autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory defence responses when challenged at colder temperatures, leading us to hypothesize that they are more efficient in preventing hypothermia. These data are relevant for a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. P. Motzko-Soares
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - R. C. L. Vizin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - T. M. S. Martins
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - A. R. O. Hungaro
- Undergraduate Program in Science and Technology; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - J. R. Sato
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition (CMCC); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - M. C. Almeida
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| | - D. C. Carrettiero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognition; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); São Bernardo do Campo SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zappa Villar MF, López Hanotte J, Falomir Lockhart E, Trípodi LS, Morel GR, Reggiani PC. Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induces impaired Barnes maze spatial memory and reduces astrocyte branching in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1787-1803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Moreira-Silva D, Carrettiero DC, Oliveira ASA, Rodrigues S, Dos Santos-Lopes J, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Almeida MC, Ferreira TL. Anandamide Effects in a Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Sporadic Dementia in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:653. [PMID: 30333717 PMCID: PMC6176656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multiple cognitive deficits including memory and sensorimotor gating impairments as a result of neuronal and synaptic loss. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in these deficits but little is known about its influence on the molecular mechanism regarding phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein accumulation - one of the hallmarks of AD -, and on the density of synaptic proteins. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) on multiple cognitive deficits and on the levels of synaptic proteins (syntaxin 1, synaptophysin and synaptosomal-associated protein, SNAP-25), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and molecules related to p-tau degradation machinery (heat shock protein 70, HSP70), and Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG2) in an AD-like sporadic dementia model in rats using intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Our hypothesis is that AEA could interact with HSP70, modulating the level of p-tau and synaptic proteins, preventing STZ-induced cognitive impairments. Thirty days after receiving bilateral icv injections of AEA or STZ or both, the cognitive performance of adult male Wistar rats was evaluated in the object recognition test, by the escape latency in the elevated plus maze (EPM), by the tone and context fear conditioning as well as in prepulse inhibition tests. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and their brains were removed for histological analysis or for protein quantification by Western Blotting. The behavioral results showed that STZ impaired recognition, plus maze and tone fear memories but did not affect contextual fear memory and prepulse inhibition. Moreover, AEA prevented recognition and non-associative emotional memory impairments induced by STZ, but did not influence tone fear conditioning. STZ increased the brain ventricular area and this enlargement was prevented by AEA. Additionally, STZ reduced the levels of p-tau (Ser199/202) and increased p-tau (Ser396), although AEA did not affect these alterations. HSP70 was found diminished only by STZ, while BAG2 levels were decreased by STZ and AEA. Synaptophysin, syntaxin and CB1 receptor levels were reduced by STZ, but only syntaxin was recovered by AEA. Altogether, albeit AEA failed to modify some AD-like neurochemical alterations, it partially prevented STZ-induced cognitive impairments, changes in synaptic markers and ventricle enlargement. This study showed, for the first time, that the administration of an endocannabinoid can prevent AD-like effects induced by STZ, boosting further investigations about the modulation of endocannabinoid levels as a therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreira-Silva
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Adriele S A Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Samanta Rodrigues
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Santos-Lopes
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Ferreira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pacheco SM, Soares MSP, Gutierres JM, Gerzson MFB, Carvalho FB, Azambuja JH, Schetinger MRC, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM. Anthocyanins as a potential pharmacological agent to manage memory deficit, oxidative stress and alterations in ion pump activity induced by experimental sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
35
|
Sun P, Ortega G, Tan Y, Hua Q, Riederer PF, Deckert J, Schmitt-Böhrer AG. Streptozotocin Impairs Proliferation and Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Vitro-Correlation With Alterations in the Expression of Proteins Associated With the Insulin System. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:145. [PMID: 29867451 PMCID: PMC5968103 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats intracerebroventricularily (icv) treated with streptozotocin (STZ), shown to generate an insulin resistant brain state, were used as an animal model for the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (sAD). Previously, we showed in an in vivo study that 3 months after STZ icv treatment hippocampal adult neurogenesis (AN) is impaired. In the present study, we examined the effects of STZ on isolated adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) using an in vitro approach. We revealed that 2.5 mM STZ inhibits the proliferation of NSCs as indicated by reduced number and size of neurospheres as well as by less BrdU-immunoreactive NSCs. Double immunofluorescence stainings of NSCs already being triggered to start with their differentiation showed that STZ primarily impairs the generation of new neurons, but not of astrocytes. For revealing mechanisms possibly involved in mediating STZ effects we analyzed expression levels of insulin/glucose system-related molecules such as the glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and 3, the insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 receptor. Applying quantitative Real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence stainings we showed that STZ exerts its strongest effects on GLUT3 expression, as GLUT3 mRNA levels were found to be reduced in NSCs, and less GLUT3-immunoreactive NSCs as well as differentiating cells were detected after STZ treatment. These findings suggest that cultured NSCs are a good model for developing new strategies to treat nerve cell loss in AD and other degenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Ortega
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peter F Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika G Schmitt-Böhrer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Majkutewicz I, Kurowska E, Podlacha M, Myślińska D, Grembecka B, Ruciński J, Pierzynowska K, Wrona D. Age-dependent effects of dimethyl fumarate on cognitive and neuropathological features in the streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 2018; 1686:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
37
|
Wang D, Liu L, Li S, Wang C. Effects of paeoniflorin on neurobehavior, oxidative stress, brain insulin signaling, and synaptic alterations in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Physiol Behav 2018; 191:12-20. [PMID: 29572012 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is a natural monoterpene glycoside in Paeonia lactiflora pall with anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-protective properties. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PF against cognitive deficits induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. STZ was injected twice intracerebroventrically (3 mg/kg ICV) on alternate days (day 1 and day 3) in mice. Daily treatment with PF (10 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally) starting from the first dose of STZ for 21 days showed an improvement in ICV-STZ induced cognitive deficits as assessed by novel object recognition and Morris water maze (MWM) test. PF significantly attenuated STZ induced mitochondrial dysfunction manifested by dramatically elevated cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP synthesis, and restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and oxidative stress in hippocampus and in the cortex compared to control. Moreover, PF treatment also markedly increased synaptic density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared to control. Furthermore, PF ameliorated defective insulin signaling by up-regulating p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression while downregulating p-IRS-1 protein expression. Taken together, the outcomes of the current study suggest the therapeutic potential of PF in the cognitive deficits induced by ICV-STZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Chenying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Protective effects of evodiamine in experimental paradigm of Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2018; 12:303-313. [PMID: 29765479 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine, a major component of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and neuroprotective effects. Our previous study has shown that the potential effects of evodiamine on the learning and memory impairments in the transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to investigate neuroprotective mechanism and therapeutic potential of evodiamine against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice. STZ was injected twice intracerebroventrically (3 mg/kg ICV) on alternate days (day 1 and day 3) in mice. Daily oral administration with evodiamine (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) starting from the first dose of STZ for 21 days showed an improvement in STZ induced cognitive deficits as assessed by novel object recognition and Morris water maze test. Evodiamine significantly decreased STZ induced elevation in acetylcholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde level, and significantly increased STZ induced reduction in glutathione activities and superoxide dismutase activities in the hippocampus compared to control. Furthermore, evodiamine inhibited significantly glial cell activation and neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels) in the hippocampus. Moreover, evodiamine increased the activity of AKT/GSK-3β signalling pathway and inhibited the activity of nuclear factor κB. In summary, our study suggests that evodiamine can be a novel therapeutic agent for the management of sporadic AD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dhull DK, Kumar A. Tramadol ameliorates behavioural, biochemical, mitochondrial and histological alterations in ICV-STZ-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:925-938. [PMID: 29249049 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease represents a major public health issue with limited therapeutic interventions. We explored the possibility of therapeutic approach by repurposing of tramadol in a sporadic animal model of Alzheimer's type. Streptozocin (STZ 3 mg/kg; bilaterally) was injected to male SD rats through intracerebroventricular (ICV) route. Drug treatment was started just after streptozocin administration and continued for 3 weeks. The rats were killed on the 21st day following the last behavioral test, and cytoplasmic fractions of the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex were prepared for the quantification of acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress parameter, mitochondrial enzymes activity and histological examination. Tramadol (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a treatment drug, and memantine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard. Tramadol significantly attenuated behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial and histological alterations at low (5 mg/kg) and intermediate (10 mg/kg) dose, suggesting its neuroprotective potential in ICV-STZ-treated rats. Further, the neuroprotective effect of tramadol (10 mg/kg) was comparable to memantine (10 mg/kg). In conclusion, our results indicate the effectiveness of tramadol in preventing ICV-STZ-induced cognitive impairment as well as mito-oxidative stress. Further, these findings reveal the possibility of MOR agonist as a therapeutic approach for sporadic Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Dhull
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reeta K, Singh D, Gupta Y. Chronic treatment with taurine after intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection improves cognitive dysfunction in rats by modulating oxidative stress, cholinergic functions and neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:146-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
41
|
Vitamin D 3 attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroinflammatory responses in ICV-STZ induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:39-55. [PMID: 28702935 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular Aβ deposition. Growing experimental evidence indicate diverse biological effects of vitamin D3 including antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of vitamin D3 is still largely elusive. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D3 on ICV-STZ induced sporadic AD. Our study demonstrated that vitamin D3 pretreatment significantly improved spatial learning and memory functions and effectively mitigated ICV-STZ mediated neuronal oxidative stress, mitochondrial aberrations and improved cholinergic functions. Moreover, vitamin D3 attenuated hippocampal neuroinflammatory response and reduced neuronal death in cortex and hippocampus. Our findings indicated that prophylactic vitamin D3 supplementation ameliorated ICV-STZ mediated neurobehavioral alterations, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation thereby improving cholinergic functions and reversed degenerative changes in brain. Thus, our study further provides evidence for its therapeutic supplementation for various neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
Collapse
|
42
|
Knezovic A, Loncar A, Homolak J, Smailovic U, Osmanovic Barilar J, Ganoci L, Bozina N, Riederer P, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Rat brain glucose transporter-2, insulin receptor and glial expression are acute targets of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin: risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's disease? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:695-708. [PMID: 28470423 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that the insulin-resistant brain state and cerebral glucose hypometabolism might be the cause, rather than the consequence, of the neurodegeneration found in a sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). We have explored whether the insulin receptor (IR) and the glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), used here as their markers, are the early targets of intracerebroventricularly (icv) administered streptozotocin (STZ) in an STZ-icv rat model of sAD, and whether their changes are associated with the STZ-induced neuroinflammation. The expression of IR, GLUT2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis in the parietal (PC) and the temporal (TC) cortex, in the hippocampus (HPC) and the hypothalamus. One hour after the STZ-icv administration (1.5 mg/kg), the GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly increased in all four regions, thus indicating the wide spread neuroinflammation, pronounced in the PC and the HPC. Changes in the GLUT2 (increment) and the IR (decrement) expression were mild in the areas close to the site of the STZ injection/release but pronounced in the ependymal lining cells of the third ventricle, thus indicating the possible metabolic implications. These results, together with the finding of the GLUT2-IR co-expression, and also the neuronal IR expression in PC, TC and HPC, indicate that the cerebral GLUT2 and IR should be further explored as the possible sAD etiopathogenic factors. It should be further clarified whether their alterations are the effect of a direct STZ-icv toxicity or they are triggered in a response to STZ-icv induced neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Loncar
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital Karlovac, Karlovac, Croatia
| | - J Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - U Smailovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Ganoci
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Bozina
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Riederer
- Centre of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Reeta KH, Singh D, Gupta YK. Edaravone attenuates intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:987-997. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Yogendra K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Palleria C, Leo A, Andreozzi F, Citraro R, Iannone M, Spiga R, Sesti G, Constanti A, De Sarro G, Arturi F, Russo E. Liraglutide prevents cognitive decline in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes independently from its peripheral metabolic effects. Behav Brain Res 2017; 321:157-169. [PMID: 28062257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive dysfunctions. Glucagone like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have neuroprotective effects in preclinical animal models. We evaluated the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide (LIR), on cognitive decline associated with diabetes. Furthermore, we studied LIR effects against hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by streptozotocin (STZ), a well-validated animal model of diabetes and neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline. Diabetes and/or cognitive decline were induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of STZ and then rats were treated with LIR (300μg/kg daily subcutaneously) for 6 weeks. Rats underwent behavioral tests: Morris water maze, passive avoidance, forced swimming (FST), open field, elevated plus maze, rotarod tests. Furthermore, LIR effects on hippocampal neurodegeneration and mTOR pathway (AKT, AMPK, ERK and p70S6K) were assessed. LIR improved learning and memory only in STZ-treated animals. Anxiolytic effects were observed in all LIR-treated groups but pro-depressant effects in CTRL rats were observed. At a cellular/molecular level, intracerebroventricular STZ induced hippocampal neurodegeneration accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, ERK and p70S6K. LIR reduced hippocampal neuronal death and prevented the decreased phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K; AMPK was hyper-phosphorylated in comparison to CTRL group, while LIR had no effects on ERK. LIR reduced animal endurance in the rotarod test and this effect might be also linked to a reduction in locomotor activity during only the last two minutes of the FST. LIR had protective effects on cognitive functions in addition to its effects on blood glucose levels. LIR effects in the brain also comprised anxiolytic and pro-depressant actions (although influenced by reduced endurance). Finally, LIR protected from diabetes-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration likely through an effect on mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Palleria
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Pharmacology Section, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, UK
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang JM, Qu ZQ, Wu JL, Chung P, Zeng YS. Mitochondrial protective and anti-apoptotic effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on hippocampal neurons in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:2025-2034. [PMID: 29323042 PMCID: PMC5784351 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that the edible alcohol extract of the root of the medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata (RCE) improved spatial cognition in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Another study from our laboratory showed that RCE enhanced neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and prevented damage to hippocampal neurons in a rat model of chronic stress-induced depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RCE are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of RCE and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. The rats were pre-administered RCE at doses of 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 g/kg for 21 days before model establishment. ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were significantly decreased in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, neuronal injury was obvious in the hippocampus, with the presence of a large number of apoptotic neurons. In comparison, in rats given RCE pretreatment, ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were markedly increased, the number of apoptotic neurons was reduced, and mitochondrial injury was mitigated. The 3.0 g/kg dose of RCE had the optimal effect. These findings suggest that pretreatment with RCE prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Qiang Qu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Lang Wu
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peter Chung
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barbie-Shoshani Y, Shoham S, Bejar C, Weinstock M. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Memory and Markers of Neuronal Activity in Juvenile Rats. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:206-219. [DOI: 10.1159/000446981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy can increase the incidence of emotional problems, learning and language difficulties in human infants and pre-adolescents. Most preclinical studies in rats that attempted to find experimental support for these observations were performed in adult male offspring, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of prenatal stress on novel object recognition (NOR) and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) of juvenile rats of both sexes. By the use of fluorescence immunohistochemistry and protein measurements by Western blot, we measured the expression of markers of neurogenesis (doublecortin, DCX) and neuronal activity that are important for synaptic plasticity and learning (c-fos, GluR1, nNOS). Since neuronal activity in the developing and adult brain can be regulated by astrocytes, we also measured the number of astrocytes and the expression of two astroglial proteins (GFAP and S100B) in the stress-responsive hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Experiments were performed on littermates of rats in which its effects on behavior were measured. We found for the first time that juvenile females performed better than males in the NOR and MWM tests. They also had higher densities of DCX and c-fos in the DG, together with the expression of nNOS and GluR1 in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG. There were no sex differences in the expression of GFAP and S100B in astrocytes. Prenatal stress did not affect NOR in females, but improved it in males, together with an increase in DCX+ and c-fos, the number of GFAP-expressing astrocytes and the intensity of GFAP and S100B immunofluorescence in the DG. Staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS in the hilus and SGZ of the DG, and protein expression in the whole DG, was unchanged in prenatally stressed males. Thus, prenatal stress changed the behavior and expression of key proteins in the DG to resemble that in females. A reduction in plasma testosterone, which although not attaining statistical significance was associated with that in anogenital distance, may contribute to the effect of prenatal stress in males. In females, prenatal stress had no effect on c-fos, DCX or the number of astrocytes but reduced the staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS. Protein expression of nNOS was also significantly lower than that in prenatally stressed males. The differential effects of prenatal stress on hippocampal neuronal and glial markers may help to explain the sex-dependent effect on spatial learning in prepubertal rats.
Collapse
|
47
|
Majkutewicz I, Kurowska E, Podlacha M, Myślińska D, Grembecka B, Ruciński J, Plucińska K, Jerzemowska G, Wrona D. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Yeo HG, Lee Y, Jeon CY, Jeong KJ, Jin YB, Kang P, Kim SU, Kim JS, Huh JW, Kim YH, Sim BW, Song BS, Park YH, Hong Y, Lee SR, Chang KT. Characterization of Cerebral Damage in a Monkey Model of Alzheimer's Disease Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Streptozotocin. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:989-1005. [PMID: 25881906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In line with recent findings showing Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an insulin-resistant brain state, a non-transgenic animal model with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) administration has been proposed as a representative experimental model of AD. Although icv-STZ rodent models of AD have been increasingly researched, studies in non-human primate models are very limited. In this study, we aimed to characterize the cerebral damage caused by icv-STZ in non-human primates; to achieve this, three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were administered four dosages of STZ (2 mg/kg) dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and another three controls were injected with only artificial cerebrospinal fluid at the cerebellomedullary cistern. In vivo neuroimaging was performed with clinical 3.0 T MRI, followed by quantitative analysis with FSL for evaluation of structural changes of the brain. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate cerebral histopathology. We showed that icv-STZ caused severe ventricular enlargement and parenchymal atrophy, accompanying amyloid-β deposition, hippocampal cell loss, tauopathy, ependymal cell loss, astrogliosis, and microglial activation, which are observed in human aged or AD brain. The findings suggest that the icv-STZ monkey model would be a valuable resource to study the mechanisms and consequences of a variety of cerebral pathologies including major pathological hallmarks of AD. Furthermore, the study of icv-STZ monkeys could contribute to the development of treatments for age- or AD-associated cerebral changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grieb P. Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injections as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: in Search of a Relevant Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:1741-1752. [PMID: 25744568 PMCID: PMC4789228 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ), a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound derived from soil bacteria and originally developed as an anticancer agent, in 1963 has been found to induce diabetes in experimental animals. Since then, systemic application of STZ became the most frequently studied experimental model of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes. The compound is selectively toxic toward insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, which is explained as the result of its cellular uptake by the low-affinity glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) protein located in their cell membranes. STZ cytotoxicity is mainly due to DNA alkylation which results in cellular necrosis. Besides pancreatic beta cells, STZ applied systemically damages also other organs expressing GLUT2, such as kidney and liver, whereas brain is not affected directly because blood-brain barrier lacks this transporter protein. However, single or double intracerebroventricular (icv) STZ injection(s) chronically decrease cerebral glucose uptake and produce multiple other effects that resemble molecular, pathological, and behavioral features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taking into consideration that glucose hypometabolism is an early and persistent sign of AD and that Alzheimer's brains present features of impaired insulin signaling, icv STZ injections are exploited by some investigators as a non-transgenic model of this disease and used for preclinical testing of pharmacological therapies for AD. While it has been assumed that icv STZ produces cerebral glucose hypometabolism and other effects directly through desensitizing brain insulin receptors, the evidence for such mechanism is poor. On the other hand, early data on insulin immunoreactivity showed intense insulin expression in the rodent brain, and the possibility of local production of insulin in the mammalian brain has never been conclusively excluded. Also, there are GLUT2-expressing cells in the brain, in particular in the circumventricular organs and hypothalamus; some of these cells may be involved in glucose sensing. Thus, icv STZ may damage brain glucose insulin producing cells and/or brain glucose sensors. Mechanistic explanation of the mode of action of icv STZ, which is currently lacking, would provide a valuable contribution to the field of animal models of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Str. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rajagopal R, Bligard GW, Zhang S, Yin L, Lukasiewicz P, Semenkovich CF. Functional Deficits Precede Structural Lesions in Mice With High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2016; 65:1072-84. [PMID: 26740595 PMCID: PMC5166563 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity predisposes to human type 2 diabetes, the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy. To determine if high-fat diet-induced diabetes in mice can model retinal disease, we weaned mice to chow or a high-fat diet and tested the hypothesis that diet-induced metabolic disease promotes retinopathy. Compared with controls, mice fed a diet providing 42% of energy as fat developed obesity-related glucose intolerance by 6 months. There was no evidence of microvascular disease until 12 months, when trypsin digests and dye leakage assays showed high fat-fed mice had greater atrophic capillaries, pericyte ghosts, and permeability than controls. However, electroretinographic dysfunction began at 6 months in high fat-fed mice, manifested by increased latencies and reduced amplitudes of oscillatory potentials compared with controls. These electroretinographic abnormalities were correlated with glucose intolerance. Unexpectedly, retinas from high fat-fed mice manifested striking induction of stress kinase and neural inflammasome activation at 3 months, before the development of systemic glucose intolerance, electroretinographic defects, or microvascular disease. These results suggest that retinal disease in the diabetic milieu may progress through inflammatory and neuroretinal stages long before the development of vascular lesions representing the classic hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, establishing a model for assessing novel interventions to treat eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rithwick Rajagopal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory W Bligard
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter Lukasiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|