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Zeger L, Barasa P, Han Y, Hellgren J, Redwan IN, Reiche ME, Florin G, Christoffersson G, Kozlova EN. Microgravity Effect on Pancreatic Islets. Cells 2024; 13:1588. [PMID: 39329769 PMCID: PMC11430520 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs) induce the proliferation of beta-cells in vitro, increase survival of pancreatic islets (PIs) in vivo after transplantation, and themselves strongly increase their proliferation capacity after exposure to space conditions. Therefore, we asked if space conditions can induce the proliferation of beta-cells when PIs are alone or together with BCs in free-floating or 3D-printed form. During the MASER 15 sounding rocket experiment, half of the cells were exposed to 6 min of microgravity (µg), whereas another group of cells were kept in 1 g conditions in a centrifuge onboard. The proliferation marker EdU was added to the cells just before the rocket reached µg conditions. The morphological assessment revealed that PIs successfully survived and strongly proliferated, particularly in the free-floating condition, though the fusion of PIs hampered statistical analysis. Proliferation of beta-cells was displayed in 3D-printed islets two weeks after µg exposure, suggesting that the effects of µg may be delayed. Thus, PIs in 3D-printed scaffolds did not fuse, and this preparation is more suitable than free-floating specimens for morphological analysis in µg studies. PIs maintained their increased proliferation capacity for weeks after µg exposure, an effect that may not appear directly, but can emerge after a delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zeger
- Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Povilas Barasa
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Yilin Han
- Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Josefin Hellgren
- CELLINK Bioprinting AB, Langfilsgatan 7, 41277 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.H.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Itedale Namro Redwan
- CELLINK Bioprinting AB, Langfilsgatan 7, 41277 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.H.); (I.N.R.)
| | - Myrthe E. Reiche
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.E.R.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Elena N. Kozlova
- Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
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2
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Tseropoulos G, Mehrotra P, Podder AK, Wilson E, Zhang Y, Wang J, Koontz A, Gao NP, Gunawan R, Liu S, Feltri LM, Bronner ME, Andreadis ST. Immobilized NRG1 Accelerates Neural Crest like Cell Differentiation Toward Functional Schwann Cells Through Sustained Erk1/2 Activation and YAP/TAZ Nuclear Translocation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402607. [PMID: 38952126 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Neural Crest cells (NC) are a multipotent cell population that give rise to a multitude of cell types including Schwann cells (SC) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Immature SC interact with neuronal axons via the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ligand present on the neuronal surface and ultimately form the myelin sheath. Multiple attempts to derive functional SC from pluripotent stem cells have met challenges with respect to expression of mature markers and axonal sorting. Here, they hypothesized that sustained signaling from immobilized NRG1 (iNRG1) might enhance the differentiation of NC derived from glabrous neonatal epidermis towards a SC phenotype. Using this strategy, NC derived SC expressed mature markers to similar levels as compared to explanted rat sciatic SC. Signaling studies revealed that sustained NRG1 signaling led to yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) activation and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, NC derived SC on iNRG1 exhibited mature SC function as they aligned with rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in an in vitro coculture model; and most notably, aligned on neuronal axons upon implantation in a chick embryo model in vivo. Taken together their work demonstrated the importance of signaling dynamics in SC differentiation, aiming towards development of drug testing platforms for de-myelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tseropoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Ashis Kumer Podder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Emma Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Alison Koontz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91126, USA
| | - Nan Papili Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Laura M Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91126, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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3
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Kato Y, Yoshida S, Kato T. Missing pieces of the pituitary puzzle: participation of extra-adenohypophyseal placode-lineage cells in the adult pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:487-496. [PMID: 37650920 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a major endocrine tissue composing of two distinct entities, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary, cranial placode origin) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, neural ectoderm origin), and plays important roles in maintaining vital homeostasis. This tissue is maintained by a slow, consistent cell-renewal system of adult stem/progenitor cells. Recent accumulating evidence shows that neural crest-, head mesenchyme-, and endoderm lineage cells invade during pituitary development and contribute to the maintenance of the adult pituitary gland. Based on these novel observations, this article discusses whether these lineage cells are involved in pituitary organogenesis, maintenance, regeneration, dysplasia, or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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4
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Zhang WJ, Liu SC, Ming LG, Yu JW, Zuo C, Hu DX, Luo HL, Zhang Q. Potential role of Schwann cells in neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175955. [PMID: 37541365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common syndrome associated with most forms of disease, which poses a serious threat to human health. NPP may persist even after the nociceptive stimulation is eliminated, and treatment is extremely challenging in such cases. Schwann cells (SCs) form the myelin sheaths around neuronal axons and play a crucial role in neural information transmission. SCs can secrete trophic factors to nourish and protect axons, and can further secrete pain-related factors to induce pain. SCs may be activated by peripheral nerve injury, triggering the transformation of myelinated and non-myelinated SCs into cell phenotypes that specifically promote repair. These differentiated SCs provide necessary signals and spatial clues for survival, axonal regeneration, and nerve regeneration of damaged neurons. They can further change the microenvironment around the regions of nerve injury, and relieve the pain by repairing the injured nerve. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics of SCs, discuss the relationship between SCs and nerve injury, and explore the potential mechanism of SCs and the occurrence of NPP. Moreover, we summarize the feasible strategies of SCs in the treatment of NPP, and attempt to elucidate the deficiencies and defects of SCs in the treatment of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Si-Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Li-Guo Ming
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jian-Wen Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Cheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
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5
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Borda M, Aquino JB, Mazzone GL. Cell-based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:86-111. [PMID: 36164729 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell-based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Borda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge B Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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6
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Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Gueiber DC, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniele Caroline Gueiber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CR, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. Identification of a neural development gene expression signature in colon cancer stem cells reveals a role for EGR2 in tumorigenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104498. [PMID: 35720265 PMCID: PMC9204726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) can generate neurons that synapse with tumor innervating fibers required for tumorigenesis and disease progression. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC driven tumor neurogenesis may therefore lead to more effective treatments. RNA-sequencing analyses of ALDHPositive CSCs from colon cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) showed CSCs to be enriched for neural development genes. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in CSCs from PDO and PDX models demonstrated the neural crest stem cell (NCSC) regulator EGR2 to be required for tumor growth and to control expression of homebox superfamily embryonic master transcriptional regulator HOX genes and the neural stem cell and master cell fate regulator SOX2. These data support CSCs as the source of tumor neurogenesis and suggest that targeting EGR2 may provide a therapeutic differentiation strategy to eliminate CSCs and block nervous system driven disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Regan
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schumacher
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Staudte
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Toedling
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaud Jourdan
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Henderson
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Bayer AG, Business Development and Licensing and Open Innovation, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian R.A. Regenbrecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- CELLphenomics GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Suazo I, Vega JA, García-Mesa Y, García-Piqueras J, García-Suárez O, Cobo T. The Lamellar Cells of Vertebrate Meissner and Pacinian Corpuscles: Development, Characterization, and Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:790130. [PMID: 35356056 PMCID: PMC8959428 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.790130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory corpuscles, or cutaneous end-organ complexes, are complex structures localized at the periphery of Aβ-axon terminals from primary sensory neurons that primarily work as low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Structurally, they consist, in addition to the axons, of non-myelinating Schwann-like cells (terminal glial cells) and endoneurial- and perineurial-related cells. The terminal glial cells are the so-called lamellar cells in Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles. Lamellar cells are variably arranged in sensory corpuscles as a “coin stack” in the Meissner corpuscles or as an “onion bulb” in the Pacinian ones. Nevertheless, the origin and protein profile of the lamellar cells in both morphotypes of sensory corpuscles is quite similar, although it differs in the expression of mechano-gated ion channels as well as in the composition of the extracellular matrix between the cells. The lamellar cells have been regarded as supportive cells playing a passive role in the process of genesis of the action potential, i.e., the mechanotransduction process. However, they express ion channels related to the mechano–electric transduction and show a synapse-like mechanism that suggest neurotransmission at the genesis of the electrical action potential. This review updates the current knowledge about the embryonic origin, development modifications, spatial arrangement, ultrastructural characteristics, and protein profile of the lamellar cells of cutaneous end-organ complexes focusing on Meissner and Pacinian morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Suazo
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Faculcultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A. Vega
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Faculcultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: José A. Vega,
| | - Yolanda García-Mesa
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suárez
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Therapeutically targeting oncogenic CRCs facilitates induced differentiation of NB by RA and the BET bromodomain inhibitor. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:181-191. [PMID: 34729395 PMCID: PMC8526497 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acids (RAs) are the most successful therapeutics for cancer differentiation therapy used in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) maintenance therapy but are limited in effectiveness. This study identifies a strategy for improving efficacy through disruption of cancer cell identity via BET inhibitors. Mutations that block development are theorized to cause NB through retention of immature cell identities contributing to oncogenesis. NB has two interchangeable cell identities, maintained by two different core transcriptional regulatory circuitries (CRCs): a therapy-resistant mesenchymal/stem cell state and a proliferative adrenergic cell state. MYCN amplification is a common mutation of high-risk NB and recently found to block differentiation by driving high expression of the adrenergic CRC transcription factor ASCL1. We investigated whether disruption of immature CRCs can promote RA-induced differentiation since only a subset of NB patients responds to RA. We found that silencing ASCL1, a critical member of the adrenergic CRC, or global disruption of CRCs with the BET inhibitor JQ1, suppresses gene expression of multiple CRC factors, improving RA-mediated differentiation. Further, JQ1 and RA synergistically decrease proliferation and induce differentiation in NB cell lines. Our findings support preclinical studies of RA and BET inhibitors as a combination therapy in treating NB.
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10
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Kato Y, Yoshida S, Kato T. New insights into the role and origin of pituitary S100β-positive cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:227-237. [PMID: 34550453 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the anterior pituitary, S100β protein (S100β) has been assumed to be a marker of folliculo-stellate cells, which are one of the non-hormone-producing cells existing in the parenchyma of the adult anterior lobe and are composed of subpopulations with various functions. However, recent accumulating studies on S100β-positive cells, including non-folliculo-stellate cells lining the marginal cell layer (MCL), have shown the novel aspect that most S100β-positive cells in the MCL and parenchyma of the adult anterior lobe are positive for sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), a marker of pituitary stem/progenitor cells. From the viewpoint of SOX2-positive cells, the majority of these cells in the MCL and in the parenchyma are positive for S100β, suggesting that S100β plays a role in the large population of stem/progenitor cells in the anterior lobe of the adult pituitary. Reportedly, S100β/SOX2-double positive cells are able to differentiate into hormone-producing cells and various types of non-hormone-producing cells. Intriguingly, it has been demonstrated that extra-pituitary lineage cells invade the pituitary gland during prenatal pituitary organogenesis. Among them, two S100β-positive populations have been identified: one is SOX2-positive population which invades at the late embryonic period through the pituitary stalk and another is a SOX2-negative population that invades at the middle embryonic period through Atwell's recess. These two populations are likely the substantive origin of S100β-positive cells in the postnatal anterior pituitary, while S100β-positive cells emerging from oral ectoderm-derived cells remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute for Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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11
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Han Y, Zeger L, Tripathi R, Egli M, Ille F, Lockowandt C, Florin G, Atic E, Redwan IN, Fredriksson R, Kozlova EN. Molecular genetic analysis of neural stem cells after space flight and simulated microgravity on earth. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3832-3846. [PMID: 34125436 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells adapt to space flight conditions is fundamental for human space missions and extraterrestrial settlement. We analyzed gene expression in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs), which are attractive for regenerative medicine by their ability to promote proliferation and survival of cocultured and co-implanted cells. BCs were launched to space (space exposed cells) (SEC), onboard sounding rocket MASER 14 as free-floating neurospheres or in a bioprinted scaffold. For comparison, BCs were placed in a random positioning machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity on earth (RPM cells) or were cultured under control conditions in the laboratory. Using next-generation RNA sequencing and data post-processing, we discovered that SEC upregulated genes related to proliferation and survival, whereas RPM cells upregulated genes associated with differentiation and inflammation. Thus, (i) space flight provides unique conditions with distinctly different effects on the properties of BC compared to earth controls, and (ii) the space flight exposure induces postflight properties that reinforce the utility of BC for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Zeger
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rekha Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel Egli
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ille
- Luzerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Luzerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Florin
- Swedish Space Corporation, Science Service Division, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Molecular Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Wakamatsu Y, Uchikawa M. The many faces of Sox2 function in neural crest development. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 63:93-99. [PMID: 33326593 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells give rise to a wide variety of cell types and tissues, such as neurons and glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. Sox2, which encodes an HMG-box transcription factor, is known to mediate pluripotency of primordial germ cells and embryonic stem (ES)/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and to regulate central nervous system development. Previous studies have revealed that Sox2 is also an important regulator of NC development. This review summarizes the well-established inhibitory roles of Sox2 in NC formation and subsequent neuronal differentiation of NC-derived cells. This review also covers recent studies suggesting additional roles for Sox2 in early NC development, neurogenesis, and glial differentiation of NC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Wakamatsu
- Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research on Human Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Uchikawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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13
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Juan CH, Chen MH, Lin FH, Wong CS, Chien CC, Chen MH. In Vitro Differentiation of Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells into Schwann-Like Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121657. [PMID: 33322066 PMCID: PMC7763858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived multipotent stem cells (PDMCs) resembling embryonic stem cells can differentiate into three germ layer cells, including ectodermal lineage cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The favorable characteristics of noninvasive cell harvesting include fewer ethical, religious, and legal considerations as well as accessible and limitless supply. Thus, PDMCs are attractive for cell-based therapy. The Schwann cell (SC) is the most common cell type used for tissue engineering such as nerve regeneration. However, the differentiation potential of human PDMCs into SCs has not been demonstrated until now. In this study, we evaluated the potential of PDMCs to differentiate into SC-like cells in a differentiation medium. After induction, PDMCs not only exhibited typical SC spindle-shaped morphology but also expressed SC markers, including S100, GFAP, p75, MBP, and Sox 10, as revealed by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the elevated gene expression of S100, GFAP, p75, MBP, Sox-10, and Krox-20 after SC induction. A neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) collected from PDMC-differentiated SCs. The growth rate of the SH-SY5Y increased in the CM, indicating the function of PDMC-induced SCs. In conclusion, human PDMCs can be differentiated into SC-like cells and thus are an attractive alternative to SCs for cell-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hau Juan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333321, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan; (C.-H.J.); (C.-S.W.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wangfang Hospital, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Schock EN, LaBonne C. Sorting Sox: Diverse Roles for Sox Transcription Factors During Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606889. [PMID: 33424631 PMCID: PMC7793875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play many diverse roles during development, including regulating stem cell states, directing differentiation, and influencing the local chromatin landscape. Of the twenty vertebrate Sox factors, several play critical roles in the development the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, and the subsequent formation of neural crest-derived structures, including the craniofacial complex. Herein, we review the specific roles for individual Sox factors during neural crest cell formation and discuss how some factors may have been essential for the evolution of the neural crest. Additionally, we describe how Sox factors direct neural crest cell differentiation into diverse lineages such as melanocytes, glia, and cartilage and detail their involvement in the development of specific craniofacial structures. Finally, we highlight several SOXopathies associated with craniofacial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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15
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Perera SN, Kerosuo L. On the road again: Establishment and maintenance of stemness in the neural crest from embryo to adulthood. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:7-25. [PMID: 33017496 PMCID: PMC7821161 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unique to vertebrates, the neural crest (NC) is an embryonic stem cell population that contributes to a greatly expanding list of derivatives ranging from neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, facial cartilage and bone, pigment cells of the skin to secretory cells of the endocrine system. Here, we focus on what is specifically known about establishment and maintenance of NC stemness and ultimate fate commitment mechanisms, which could help explain its exceptionally high stem cell potential that exceeds the "rules set during gastrulation." In fact, recent discoveries have shed light on the existence of NC cells that coexpress commonly accepted pluripotency factors like Nanog, Oct4/PouV, and Klf4. The coexpression of pluripotency factors together with the exceptional array of diverse NC derivatives encouraged us to propose a new term "pleistopotent" (Greek for abundant, a substantial amount) to be used to reflect the uniqueness of the NC as compared to other post-gastrulation stem cell populations in the vertebrate body, and to differentiate them from multipotent lineage restricted stem cells. We also discuss studies related to the maintenance of NC stemness within the challenging context of being a transient and thus a constantly changing population of stem cells without a permanent niche. The discovery of the stem cell potential of Schwann cell precursors as well as multiple adult NC-derived stem cell reservoirs during the past decade has greatly increased our understanding of how NC cells contribute to tissues formed after its initial migration stage in young embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangi N Perera
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Cobo R, García-Mesa Y, García-Piqueras J, Feito J, Martín-Cruces J, García-Suárez O, A. Vega J. The Glial Cell of Human Cutaneous Sensory Corpuscles: Origin, Characterization, and Putative Roles. Somatosens Mot Res 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Han Y, Baltriukienė D, Kozlova EN. Effect of scaffold properties on adhesion and maintenance of boundary cap neural crest stem cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1274-1280. [PMID: 32061005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optimal combination of stem cells and biocompatible support material is a promising strategy for successful tissue engineering. The required differentiation of stem cells is crucial for functionality of engineered tissues and can be regulated by chemical and physical cues. Here we examined how boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) are affected when cultured in the same medium, but on collagen- or laminin-polyacrylamide (PAA) scaffolds of different stiffness (0.5, 1, or ~7 kPa). bNCSCs displayed marked differences in their ability to attach, maintain a large cell population and differentiate, depending on scaffold stiffness. These findings show that the design of physical cues is an important parameter to achieve optimal stem cell properties for tissue repair and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daiva Baltriukienė
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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The evolution and multi-molecular properties of NF1 cutaneous neurofibromas originating from C-fiber sensory endings and terminal Schwann cells at normal sites of sensory terminations in the skin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216527. [PMID: 31107888 PMCID: PMC6527217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to large plexiform neurofibromas (pNF), NF1 patients are frequently disfigured by cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) and are often afflicted with chronic pain and itch even from seemingly normal skin areas. Both pNFs and cNF consist primarily of benign hyperproliferating nonmyelinating Schwann cells (nSC). While pNF clearly arise within deep nerves and plexuses, the role of cutaneous innervation in the origin of cNF and in chronic itch and pain is unknown. First, we conducted a comprehensive, multi-molecular, immunofluorescence (IF) analyses on 3mm punch biopsies from three separate locations in normal appearing, cNF-free skin in 19 NF1 patients and skin of 16 normal subjects. At least one biopsy in 17 NF1 patients had previously undescribed micro-lesions consisting of a small, dense cluster of nonpeptidergic C-fiber endings and the affiliated nSC consistently adjoining adnexal structures—dermal papillae, hair follicles, sweat glands, sweat ducts, and arterioles—where C-fiber endings normally terminate. Similar micro-lesions were detected in hind paw skin of mice with conditionally-induced SC Nf1-/- mutations. Hypothesizing that these microlesions were pre-cNF origins of cNF, we subsequently analyzed numerous overt, small cNF (s-cNF, 3–6 mm) and discovered that each had an adnexal structure at the epicenter of vastly increased nonpeptidergic C-fiber terminals, accompanied by excessive nSC. The IF and functional genomics assays indicated that neurturin (NTRN) and artemin (ARTN) signaling through cRET kinase and GFRα2 and GFRα3 co-receptors on the aberrant C-fiber endings and nSC may mutually promote the onset of pre-cNF and their evolution to s-cNF. Moreover, TrpA1 and TrpV1 receptors may, respectively, mediate symptoms of chronic itch and pain. These newly discovered molecular characteristics might be targeted to suppress the development of cNF and to treat chronic itch and pain symptoms in NF1 patients.
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19
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Zhu S, Liu W, Ding HF, Cui H, Yang L. BMP4 and Neuregulin regulate the direction of mouse neural crest cell differentiation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3883-3890. [PMID: 31007733 PMCID: PMC6468403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic tissue that initially generates neural crest stem cells, which then migrate throughout the body to give rise to a variety of mature tissues. It was proposed that the fate of neural crest cells is gradually determined via environmental cues from the surrounding tissues. In the present study, neural crest cells were isolated and identified from mouse embryos. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and Neuregulin (NRG) were employed to induce the differentiation of neural crest cells. Treatment with BMP4 revealed neuron-associated differentiation; cells treated with NRG exhibited differentiation into the Schwann cell lineage, a type of glia. Soft agar clonogenic and neurosphere formation assays were conducted to investigate the effects of N-Myc (MYCN) overexpression in neural crest cells; the number of colonies and neurospheres notably increased after 14 days. These findings demonstrated that the direction of cell differentiation may be affected by altering the factors present in the surrounding environment. In addition, MYCN may serve a key role in regulating neural crest cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
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20
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Koike T, Tanaka S, Hirahara Y, Oe S, Kurokawa K, Maeda M, Suga M, Kataoka Y, Yamada H. Morphological characteristics of p75 neurotrophin receptor‐positive cells define a new type of glial cell in the rat dorsal root ganglia. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2047-2060. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy and Cell ScienceKansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell ScienceKansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell ScienceKansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Souichi Oe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell ScienceKansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kurokawa
- Department of Human Health ScienceOsaka International University Moriguchi Osaka Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi‐Modal Microstructure Analysis UnitRIKEN‐JEOL Collaboration Center Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Mitsuo Suga
- Multi‐Modal Microstructure Analysis UnitRIKEN‐JEOL Collaboration Center Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi‐Modal Microstructure Analysis UnitRIKEN‐JEOL Collaboration Center Kobe Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function ImagingRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Hisao Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell ScienceKansai Medical University Hirakata Osaka Japan
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21
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Ramli K, Aminath Gasim I, Ahmad AA, Hassan S, Law ZK, Tan GC, Baharuddin A, Naicker AS, Htwe O, Mohammed Haflah NH, B H Idrus R, Abdullah S, Ng MH. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs spontaneously express specific Schwann cell markers. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:233-252. [PMID: 30362196 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SC) play pivotal roles in regenerating damaged nerve. However, the use of SC in clinical cell-based therapy is hampered due to its limited availability. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of using an established induction protocol for human bone marrow derived-MSC (hBM-MSCs) transdifferentiation into a SC lineage. A relatively homogenous culture of hBM-MSCs was first established after serial passaging (P3), with profiles conforming to the minimal criteria set by International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The cultures (n = 3) were then subjected to a series of induction media containing β-mercaptoethanol, retinoic acid, and growth factors. Quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry analyses were performed to quantify the expression of specific SC markers, that is, S100, GFAP, MPZ and p75 NGFR, in both undifferentiated and transdifferentiated hBM-MSCs. Based on these analyses, all markers were expressed in undifferentiated hBM-MSCs and MPZ expression (mRNA transcripts) was consistently detected before and after transdifferentiation across all samples. There was upregulation at the transcript level of more than twofolds for NGF, MPB, GDNF, p75 NGFR post-transdifferentiation. This study highlights the existence of spontaneous expression of specific SC markers in cultured hBM-MSCs, inter-donor variability and that MSC transdifferentiation is a heterogenous process. These findings strongly oppose the use of a single marker to indicate SC fate. The heterogenous nature of MSC may influence the efficiency of SC transdifferentiation protocols. Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-define the MSC subpopulations and revise the minimal criteria for MSC identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Ramli
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ifasha Aminath Gasim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amir Adham Ahmad
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Shariful Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Baharuddin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amaramalar Selvi Naicker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ohnmar Htwe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazla Mohammed Haflah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah B H Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalimar Abdullah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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May Z, Kumar R, Fuehrmann T, Tam R, Vulic K, Forero J, Lucas Osma A, Fenrich K, Assinck P, Lee MJ, Moulson A, Shoichet MS, Tetzlaff W, Biernaskie J, Fouad K. Adult skin-derived precursor Schwann cell grafts form growths in the injured spinal cord of Fischer rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034101. [PMID: 29068322 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa95f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, GFP+ skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) from adult rats were grafted into the injured spinal cord of immunosuppressed rats. Our goal was to improve grafted cell survival in the injured spinal cord, which is typically low. Cells were grafted in hyaluronan-methylcellulose hydrogel (HAMC) or hyaluronan-methylcellulose modified with laminin- and fibronectin-derived peptide sequences (eHAMC). The criteria for selection of hyaluronan was for its shear-thinning properties, making the hydrogel easy to inject, methylcellulose for its inverse thermal gelation, helping to keep grafted cells in situ, and fibronectin and laminin to improve cell attachment and, thus, prevent cell death due to dissociation from substrate molecules (i.e., anoikis). Post-mortem examination revealed large masses of GFP+ SKP-SCs in the spinal cords of rats that received cells in HAMC (5 out of n = 8) and eHAMC (6 out of n = 8). Cell transplantation in eHAMC caused significantly greater spinal lesions compared to lesion and eHAMC only control groups. A parallel study showed similar masses in the contused spinal cord of rats after transplantation of adult GFP+ SKP-SCs without a hydrogel or immunosuppression. These findings suggest that adult GFP+ SKP-SCs, cultured/transplanted under the conditions described here, have a capacity for uncontrolled proliferation. Growth-formation in pre-clinical research has also been documented after transplantation of: human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (Itakura et al 2015 PLoS One 10 e0116413), embryonic stem cells and embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (Brederlau et al 2006 Stem Cells 24 1433-40; Dressel et al 2008 PLoS One 3 e2622), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (Jeong et al 2011 Circ. Res. 108 1340-47) and rat nerve-derived SCs following in vitro expansion for >11 passages (Funk et al 2007 Eur. J. Cell Biol. 86 207-19; Langford et al 1988 J. Neurocytology 17 521-9; Morrissey et al 1991 J. Neurosci. 11 2433-42). It is of upmost importance to define the precise culture/transplantation parameters for maintenance of normal cell function and safe and effective use of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacnicte May
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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23
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Furlan A, Adameyko I. Schwann cell precursor: a neural crest cell in disguise? Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S25-S35. [PMID: 29454705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are multipotent embryonic progenitors covering all developing peripheral nerves. These nerves grow and navigate with unprecedented precision, delivering SCP progenitors to almost all locations in the embryonic body. Within specific developing tissues, SCPs detach from nerves and generate neuroendocrine cells, autonomic neurons, mature Schwann cells, melanocytes and other cell types. These properties of SCPs evoke resemblances between them and their parental population, namely, neural crest cells. Neural crest cells are incredibly multipotent migratory cells that revolutionized the course of evolution in the lineage of early chordate animals. Given this similarity and recent data, it is possible to hypothesize that proto-neural crest cells are similar to SCPs spreading along the nerves. Here, we review the multipotency of SCPs, the signals that govern them, their potential therapeutic value, SCP's embryonic origin and their evolutionary connections. We dedicate this article to the memory of Wilhelm His, the father of the microtome and "Zwischenstrang", currently known as the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 USA
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Montani L, Pereira JA, Norrmén C, Pohl HBF, Tinelli E, Trötzmüller M, Figlia G, Dimas P, von Niederhäusern B, Schwager R, Jessberger S, Semenkovich CF, Köfeler HC, Suter U. De novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1353-1368. [PMID: 29434029 PMCID: PMC5881495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Montani et al. reveal that de novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells, mediated by fatty acid synthase, contributes fundamentally to driving myelination in the peripheral nervous system. They identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putatively involved functional mechanism. Myelination calls for a remarkable surge in cell metabolism to facilitate lipid and membrane production. Endogenous fatty acid (FA) synthesis represents a potentially critical process in myelinating glia. Using genetically modified mice, we show that Schwann cell (SC) intrinsic activity of the enzyme essential for de novo FA synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is crucial for precise lipid composition of peripheral nerves and fundamental for the correct onset of myelination and proper myelin growth. Upon FASN depletion in SCs, epineurial adipocytes undergo lipolysis, suggestive of a compensatory role. Mechanistically, we found that a lack of FASN in SCs leads to an impairment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ–regulated transcriptional program. In agreement, defects in myelination of FASN-deficient SCs could be ameliorated by treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone ex vivo and in vivo. Our results reveal that FASN-driven de novo FA synthesis in SCs is mandatory for myelination and identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putative downstream functional mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montani
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Norrmén
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut B F Pohl
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Dimas
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda von Niederhäusern
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Schwager
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Lipidomics Center for Medical Research, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ueharu H, Yoshida S, Kanno N, Horiguchi K, Nishimura N, Kato T, Kato Y. SOX10-positive cells emerge in the rat pituitary gland during late embryogenesis and start to express S100β. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:77-90. [PMID: 29130118 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the pituitary gland, S100β-positive cells localize in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis but the lineage of the two groups remains obscure. S100β is often observed in many neural crest-derived cell types. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the origin of pituitary S100β-positive cells by immunohistochemistry for SOX10, a potent neural crest cell marker, using S100β-green fluorescence protein-transgenic rats. On embryonic day 21.5, a SOX10-positive cell population, which was also positive for the stem/progenitor cell marker SOX2, emerged in the pituitary stalk and posterior lobe and subsequently expanded to create a rostral-caudal gradient on postnatal day 3 (P3). Thereafter, SOX10-positive cells appeared in the intermediate lobe by P15, localizing to the boundary facing the posterior lobe, the gap between the lobule structures and the marginal cell layer, a pituitary stem/progenitor cell niche. Subsequently, there was an increase in SOX10/S100β double-positive cells; some of these cells in the gap between the lobule structures showed extended cytoplasm containing F-actin, indicating a feature of migration activity. The proportion of SOX10-positive cells in the postnatal anterior lobe was lower than 0.025% but about half of them co-localized with the pituitary-specific progenitor cell marker PROP1. Collectively, the present study identified that one of the lineages of S100β-positive cells is a SOX10-positive one and that SOX10-positive cells express pituitary stem/progenitor cell marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanno
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horiguchi
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Tokyo, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan. .,Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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26
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Aquino JB, Sierra R. Schwann cell precursors in health and disease. Glia 2017; 66:465-476. [PMID: 29124786 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are frequently regarded as neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) found in contact with axons during nerve formation. Nevertheless, cells with SCPs properties can be found up to the adulthood. They are well characterized with regard to both gene expression profile and cellular behavior -for instance, proliferation, migratory capabilities and survival requirements-. They differ in origin regarding their anatomic location: even though most of them are derived from migratory NCCs, there is also contribution of the boundary cap neural crest cells (bNCCs) to the skin and other tissues. Many functions are known for SCPs in normal development, including nerve fasciculation and target innervation, arterial branching patterning and differentiation, and other morphogenetic processes. In addition, SCPs are now known to be a source of many neural (glia, endoneural fibroblasts, melanocytes, visceral neurons, and chromaffin cells) and non-neural-like (mesenchymal stromal cells, able e.g., to generate dentine-producing odontoblasts) cell types. Until now no reports of endoderm-like derivatives were reported so far. Interestingly, in the Schwann cell lineage only early SCPs are likely able to differentiate into melanocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. We have also herein discussed the literature regarding their role in repair as well as in disease mechanisms, such as in diverse cancers. Moreover, many caveats in our knowledge of SCPs biology are highlighted all through this article. Future research should expand more into the relevance of SCPs in pathologies and in other regenerative mechanisms which might bring new unexpected clinically-relevant knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B Aquino
- Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Sierra
- Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Comparative Analysis of the Cell Fates of Induced Schwann Cells from Subcutaneous Fat Tissue and Naïve Schwann Cells in the Sciatic Nerve Injury Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1252851. [PMID: 28713821 PMCID: PMC5496110 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1252851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fate and function of the induced Schwann cells (iSCs) like cells from adipose tissue have not been critically evaluated in vivo after transplantation. The objective of this study is to compare the fate of iSCs with naïve SCs (nSCs) after transplantation into the lesion sites of sciatic nerve, respectively. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells from eGFP-expressing transgenic rat's subcutaneous fat were induced to iSCs in vitro. iSCs were injected to the sciatic nerve lesion area after crush injury and the cells fate was comparatively analyzed with that of nSCs from the same rat. RESULTS At 12 weeks after transplantation, nSCs were detected only in the restricted area of cell transplantation site but iSCs were widely distributed all over the sciatic nerve. Based on double fluorescence observations, both iSCs and naïve ones were colocalized with P0-expressing myelin sheath, outbound by laminin-expressing basal membrane, and terminated at contactin-associated protein-expressing doublets. However, some of iSCs were also differentiated to the fibrocyte/fibroblast-like cells. In the histological analysis of repaired sciatic nerves, axon density was higher in iSC-received group than in the nSCs group and normal sciatic nerve. CONCLUSION iSCs induced from subcutaneous fat tissues have higher engraftment and migration capacity than nSCs.
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Trolle C, Ivert P, Hoeber J, Rocamonde-Lago I, Vasylovska S, Lukanidin E, Kozlova EN. Boundary cap neural crest stem cell transplants contribute Mts1/S100A4-expressing cells in the glial scar. Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621171 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM During development, boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) assist sensory axon growth into the spinal cord. Here we repositioned them to test if they assist regeneration of sensory axons in adult mice after dorsal root avulsion injury. MATERIALS & METHODS Avulsed mice received bNCSC or human neural progenitor (hNP) cell transplants and their contributions to glial scar formation and sensory axon regeneration were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and transganglionic tracing. RESULTS hNPs and bNCSCs form similar gaps in the glial scar, but unlike hNPs, bNCSCs contribute Mts1/S100A4 (calcium-binding protein) expression to the scar and do not assist sensory axon regeneration. CONCLUSION bNCSC transplants contribute nonpermissive Mts1/S100A4-expressing cells to the glial scar after dorsal root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Trolle
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ivert
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Hoeber
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Eugen Lukanidin
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Mandalos NP, Remboutsika E. Sox2: To crest or not to crest? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:43-49. [PMID: 27592260 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of neural progenitor transformation into neural crest stem cells ensures proper craniofacial and head development. In the neural progenitor pool, SoxB factors play an essential role as cell fate determinants of neural development, whereas during neural crest stem cell formation, Sox2 plays a predominant role as a guardian of the developmental clock that ensures precision of cell flow in the developing head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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31
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Suga M, Hayashi Y, Furue MK. In vitromodels of cranial neural crest development toward toxicity tests: frog, mouse, and human. Oral Dis 2016; 23:559-565. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Suga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Osaka Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - MK Furue
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Osaka Ibaraki Japan
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32
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Levy M, Boulis N, Rao M, Svendsen CN. Regenerative cellular therapies for neurologic diseases. Brain Res 2016; 1638:88-96. [PMID: 26239912 PMCID: PMC4733583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The promise of stem cell regeneration has been the hope of many neurologic patients with permanent damage to the central nervous system. There are hundreds of stem cell trials worldwide intending to test the regenerative capacity of stem cells in various neurological conditions from Parkinson's disease to multiple sclerosis. Although no stem cell therapy is clinically approved for use in any human disease indication, patients are seeking out trials and asking clinicians for guidance. This review summarizes the current state of regenerative stem cell transplantation divided into seven conditions for which trials are currently active: demyelinating diseases/spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, macular degeneration and peripheral nerve diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: PSC and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Nicholas Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mahendra Rao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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33
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Garrett AM, Jucius TJ, Sigaud LPR, Tang FL, Xiong WC, Ackerman SL, Burgess RW. Analysis of Expression Pattern and Genetic Deletion of Netrin5 in the Developing Mouse. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:3. [PMID: 26858598 PMCID: PMC4726805 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boundary cap cells (BCC) are a transient, neural-crest-derived population found at the motor exit point (MEP) and dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) of the embryonic spinal cord. These cells contribute to the central/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) boundary, and in their absence neurons and glia from the CNS migrate into the PNS. We found Netrin5 (Ntn5), a previously unstudied member of the netrin gene family, to be robustly expressed in BCC. We generated Ntn5 knockout mice and examined neurodevelopmental and BCC-related phenotypes. No abnormalities in cranial nerve guidance, dorsal root organization, or sensory projections were found. However, Ntn5 mutant embryos did have ectopic motor neurons (MNs) that migrated out of the ventral horn and into the motor roots. Previous studies have implicated semaphorin6A (Sema6A) in BCC signaling to plexinA2 (PlxnA2)/neuropilin2 (Nrp2) in MNs in restricting MN cell bodies to the ventral horn, particularly in the caudal spinal cord. In Ntn5 mutants, ectopic MNs are likely to be a different population, as more ectopias were found rostrally. Furthermore, ectopic MNs in Ntn5 mutants were not immunoreactive for NRP2. The netrin receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) is a potential receptor for NTN5 in MNs, as similar ectopic neurons were found in Dcc mutant mice, but not in mice deficient for other netrin receptors. Thus, Ntn5 is a novel netrin family member that is expressed in BCC, functioning to prevent MN migration out of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Susan L Ackerman
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar Harbor, ME, USA; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy Chase, MD, USA
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Vidal M, Maniglier M, Deboux C, Bachelin C, Zujovic V, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Adult DRG Stem/Progenitor Cells Generate Pericytes in the Presence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Developmental Cues, and Schwann Cells in Response to CNS Demyelination. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2011-24. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vidal
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Madlyne Maniglier
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Corinne Bachelin
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Violetta Zujovic
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Inserm, U 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- CNRS, UMR 7225; F-75013 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127; F-75013 Paris France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; F-75013 Paris France
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Kurwale NS, Suri V, Srivastava A, Suri A, Mohanti S, Yadav P, Sharma MC, Sarkar C. Role of bone marrow derived pluripotent stem cells in peripheral nerve repair in adult rats: A morphometric evaluation. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015; 6:152-9. [PMID: 25883471 PMCID: PMC4387802 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.153218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Semi-quantitative and quantitative assessment of the effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) on early and late phase of nerve regeneration in rat sciatic nerve model. Materials and Methods: Sciatic nerve transection and repair was performed in 50 inbred female Wistar albino rats divided equally in two groups. In the test group the gap was filled with BM-MNCs obtained from the two male rats and fibrin sealant, while in the control group only fibrin sealant was used. Sciatic nerve was harvested at 15 days and at 60 days interval. Parameters of regeneration were assessed at anastomosis (G), intermediate distal (C), and distal site (A). Semi-quantitative (histopathological) and quantitative (morphometric) parameters were analyzed. Results: At 15 days there was a statistically significant difference found in mean axon diameter, mean nerve thickness and myelin thickness at the repair site (P < 0.05). However, in the distal areas, the axons were sparse and myelin rings were very thin in both the groups. At 60 days, the difference in above-mentioned parameters was statistically significant at the distal most sites. FISH assay confirmed the presence of Y chromosome, confirming the presence of BM-MNCs from the male rats. Conclusions: Transplanting BM-MNCS at the site of peripheral nerve injury leads to significantly better recovery. These differences were evident at the repair site and at the intermediate distal site at 15 days and at the distal most sites at 60 days. With practically no ethical issue regarding their isolation and application, they can be easily used for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh S Kurwale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arati Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanti
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Yadav
- Central Animal Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meher C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Newbern JM. Molecular control of the neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 111:201-31. [PMID: 25662262 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A transient and unique population of multipotent stem cells, known as neural crest cells (NCCs), generate a bewildering array of cell types during vertebrate development. An attractive model among developmental biologists, the study of NCC biology has provided a wealth of knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms important for embryogenesis. Studies in numerous species have defined how distinct phases of NCC specification, proliferation, migration, and survival contribute to the formation of multiple functionally distinct organ systems. NCC contributions to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are well known. Critical developmental processes have been defined that provide outstanding models for understanding how extracellular stimuli, cell-cell interactions, and transcriptional networks cooperate to direct cellular diversification and PNS morphogenesis. Dissecting the complex extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that mediate the formation of the PNS from NCCs may have important therapeutic implications for neurocristopathies, neuropathies, and certain forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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37
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Effects of polysialic acid on sensory innervation of the cornea. Dev Biol 2014; 398:193-205. [PMID: 25478909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory trigeminal growth cones innervate the cornea in a coordinated fashion during embryonic development. Polysialic acid (polySia) is known for its important roles during nerve development and regeneration. The purpose of this work is to determine whether polySia, present in developing eyefronts and on the surface of sensory nerves, may provide guidance cues to nerves during corneal innervation. Expression and localization of polySia in embryonic day (E)5-14 chick eyefronts and E9 trigeminal ganglia were identified using Western blotting and immunostaining. Effects of polySia removal on trigeminal nerve growth behavior were determined in vivo, using exogenous endoneuraminidase (endoN) treatments to remove polySia substrates during chick cornea development, and in vitro, using neuronal explant cultures. PolySia substrates, made by the physical adsorption of colominic acid to a surface coated with poly-d-lysine (PDL), were used as a model to investigate functions of the polySia expressed in axonal environments. PolySia was localized within developing eyefronts and on trigeminal sensory nerves. Distributions of PolySia in corneas and pericorneal regions are developmentally regulated. PolySia removal caused defasciculation of the limbal nerve trunk in vivo from E7 to E10. Removal of polySia on trigeminal neurites inhibited neurite outgrowth and caused axon defasciculation, but did not affect Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) expression or Schwann cell migration in vitro. PolySia substrates in vitro inhibited outgrowth of trigeminal neurites and promoted their fasciculation. In conclusion, polySia is localized on corneal nerves and in their targeting environment during early developing stages of chick embryos. PolySias promote fasciculation of trigeminal axons in vivo and in vitro, whereas, in contrast, their removal promotes defasciculation.
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Mandalos N, Rhinn M, Granchi Z, Karampelas I, Mitsiadis T, Economides AN, Dollé P, Remboutsika E. Sox2 acts as a rheostat of epithelial to mesenchymal transition during neural crest development. Front Physiol 2014; 5:345. [PMID: 25309446 PMCID: PMC4162359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of self-renewal and differentiation of progenitor cells into the cranial neural crest (CNC) pool ensures proper head development, guided by signaling pathways such as BMPs, FGFs, Shh and Notch. Here, we show that murine Sox2 plays an essential role in controlling progenitor cell behavior during craniofacial development. A “Conditional by Inversion” Sox2 allele (Sox2COIN) has been employed to generate an epiblast ablation of Sox2 function (Sox2EpINV). Sox2EpINV/+(H) haploinsufficient and conditional (Sox2EpINV/mosaic) mutant embryos proceed beyond gastrulation and die around E11. These mutant embryos exhibit severe anterior malformations, with hydrocephaly and frontonasal truncations, which could be attributed to the deregulation of CNC progenitor cells during their epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This irregularity results in an exacerbated and aberrant migration of Sox10+ NCC in the branchial arches and frontonasal process of the Sox2 mutant embryos. These results suggest a novel role for Sox2 as a regulator of the epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) that are important for the cell flow in the developing head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Mandalos
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming" Vari-Attica, Greece
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U964, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Zoraide Granchi
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, ZZM Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Karampelas
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming" Vari-Attica, Greece ; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, ZZM Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Dollé
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U964, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg Illkirch, France
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming" Vari-Attica, Greece
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Trolle C, Konig N, Abrahamsson N, Vasylovska S, Kozlova EN. Boundary cap neural crest stem cells homotopically implanted to the injured dorsal root transitional zone give rise to different types of neurons and glia in adult rodents. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:60. [PMID: 24884373 PMCID: PMC4055944 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The boundary cap is a transient group of neural crest-derived cells located at the presumptive dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ) when sensory axons enter the spinal cord during development. Later, these cells migrate to dorsal root ganglia and differentiate into subtypes of sensory neurons and glia. After birth when the DRTZ is established, sensory axons are no longer able to enter the spinal cord. Here we explored the fate of mouse boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) implanted to the injured DRTZ after dorsal root avulsion for their potential to assist sensory axon regeneration. Results Grafted cells showed extensive survival and differentiation after transplantation to the avulsed DRTZ. Transplanted cells located outside the spinal cord organized elongated tubes of Sox2/GFAP expressing cells closely associated with regenerating sensory axons or appeared as small clusters on the surface of the spinal cord. Other cells, migrating into the host spinal cord as single cells, differentiated to spinal cord neurons with different neurotransmitter characteristics, extensive fiber organization, and in some cases surrounded by glutamatergic terminal-like profiles. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that bNCSCs implanted at the site of dorsal root avulsion injury display remarkable differentiation plasticity inside the spinal cord and in the peripheral compartment where they organize tubes associated with regenerating sensory fibers. These properties offer a basis for exploring the ability of bNCSCs to assist regeneration of sensory axons into the spinal cord and replace lost neurons in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, Box 593, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Kaiser A, Kale A, Novozhilova E, Siratirakun P, Aquino JB, Thonabulsombat C, Ernfors P, Olivius P. Brain stem slice conditioned medium contains endogenous BDNF and GDNF that affect neural crest boundary cap cells in co-culture. Brain Res 2014; 1566:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Konig N, Trolle C, Kapuralin K, Adameyko I, Mitrecic D, Aldskogius H, Shortland PJ, Kozlova EN. Murine neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell-derived neuron precursors survive and differentiate after transplantation in a model of dorsal root avulsion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:129-137. [PMID: 24753366 DOI: 10.1002/term.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal root avulsion results in paralysis and sensory loss, and is commonly associated with chronic pain. In addition to the failure of avulsed dorsal root axons to regenerate into the spinal cord, avulsion injury leads to extensive neuroinflammation and degeneration of second-order neurons in the dorsal horn. The ultimate objective in the treatment of this condition is to counteract degeneration of spinal cord neurons and to achieve functionally useful regeneration/reconnection of sensory neurons with spinal cord neurons. Here we compare survival and migration of murine boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived, predifferentiated neuron precursors after their implantation acutely at the junction between avulsed dorsal roots L3-L6 and the spinal cord. Both types of cells survived transplantation, but showed distinctly different modes of migration. Thus, bNCSCs migrated into the spinal cord, expressed glial markers and formed elongated tubes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) compartment of the avulsed dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ) area. In contrast, the ESC transplants remained at the site of implantation and differentiated to motor neurons and interneurons. These data show that both stem cell types successfully survived implantation to the acutely injured spinal cord and maintained their differentiation and migration potential. These data suggest that, depending on the source of neural stem cells, they can play different beneficial roles for recovery after dorsal root avulsion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Konig
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Carl Trolle
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kapuralin
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Hakan Aldskogius
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Peter J Shortland
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Regenerative Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Koike T, Wakabayashi T, Mori T, Takamori Y, Hirahara Y, Yamada H. Sox2 in the adult rat sensory nervous system. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 141:301-9. [PMID: 24170317 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (Sox2) is a member of the Sox family transcription factors. In the central nervous system, Sox2 is expressed in neural stem cells from neurogenic regions, and regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In the peripheral nervous system, Sox2 is found only in the immature and dedifferentiated Schwann cells, and is involved in myelination inhibition or N-cadherin redistribution. In the present immunohistochemical study, we found that Sox2 is also expressed in other cells of the adult rat peripheral nervous system. Nuclear Sox2 was observed in all satellite glial cells, non-myelinating Schwann cells, and the majority of terminal Schwann cells that form lamellar corpuscles and longitudinal lanceolate endings. Sox2 was not found in myelinating Schwann cells and terminal Schwann cells of subepidermal free nerve endings. Satellite glial cells exhibit strong Sox2 immunoreactivity, whereas non-myelinating Schwann cells show weak immunoreactivity. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of Sox2 mRNA, indicating that the cells are likely Sox2 expressors. Our findings suggest that the role of Sox2 in the peripheral nervous system may be cell-type-dependent.
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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) Facilitates Differentiation of Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia-Derived Neural Stem Cells Toward Schwann Cells by Binding to FGFR-1 Through MAPK/ERK Activation. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:538-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pang CJ, Tong L, Ji LL, Wang ZY, Zhang X, Gao H, Jia H, Zhang LX, Tong XJ. Synergistic effects of ultrashort wave and bone marrow stromal cells on nerve regeneration with acellular nerve allografts. Synapse 2013; 67:637-47. [PMID: 23554017 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acellular nerve allografts (ANA) possess bioactivity and neurite promoting factors in nerve tissue engineering. Previously we reported that low dose ultrashort wave (USW) radiation could enhance the rate and quality of peripheral nerve regeneration with ANA repairing sciatic nerve defects. Meanwhile, ANA implanted with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) exhibited a similar result. Thus, it is interesting to know whether it might yield a synergistic effect when USW radiation is combined with BMSCs-laden ANA. Here we investigated the effectiveness of ANA seeded with BMSCs, combined with USW therapy on repairing peripheral nerve injuries. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) control group, BMSCs-laden group, ultrashort wave (USW) group and BMSC + USW group. The regenerated nerves were assayed morphologically and functionally, and growth-promoting factors in the regenerated tissues following USW administration or BMSCs integration were also detected. The results indicated that the combination therapy caused much better beneficial effects evidenced by increased myelinated nerve fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, axon diameter, sciatic function index, nerve conduction velocity, and restoration rate of tibialis anterior wet weight. Moreover, the mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the spinal cord and muscles were elevated significantly. In conclusion, we found a synergistic effect of USW radiation and BMSCs treatment on peripheral nerve regeneration, which may help establish novel strategies for repairing peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jian Pang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bíró V. [The role of mesenchymal stem cells in the reconstruction of nerve injuries in the hand]. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:574-80. [PMID: 23567875 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
At present the end results of reconstruction of peripheral nerve injuries cannot be considered unequivocally advantageous. It seems that the level of reconstructive possibilities of these injuries has already peaked. Hence, ongoing research focuses on experimental studies to further improve results. One of the methods is the joint usage of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells with tissue inductive polypeptides (growth factors) and frame structures to enhance the attachment of these cells with the aim creating new neural tissue (tissue engineering). The conditions to create new tissue can be further improved by gene technology. Based on recent literature data, the author summarizes the basic characteristics of the method related to nerve injuries, and the possibilities and modalities of clinical applications. In conclusion, future direction is a the wider use of stem cells, however, the currently established surgical and rehabilitation methods have to be performed at high levels since stem cell research data are not established in the clinical setting yet.
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Suflita MT, Pfaltzgraff ER, Mundell NA, Pevny LH, Labosky PA. Ground-state transcriptional requirements for skin-derived precursors. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1779-88. [PMID: 23316968 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) are an attractive stem cell model for cell-based therapies. SKPs can be readily generated from embryonic and adult mice and adult humans, exhibit a high degree of multipotency, and have the potential to serve as a patient autologous stem cell. The advancement of these cells toward therapeutic use depends on the ability to control precisely the self-renewal and differentiation of SKPs. Here we show that two well-known stem cell factors, Foxd3 and Sox2, are critical regulators of the stem cell properties of SKPs. Deletion of Foxd3 completely abolishes the sphere-forming potential of these cells. In the absence of Sox2, SKP spheres can be formed, but with reduced size and frequency. Our results provide entry points into the gene regulatory networks dictating SKP behavior, and pave the way for future studies on a therapeutically relevant stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Suflita
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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48
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Raheja A, Suri V, Suri A, Sarkar C, Srivastava A, Mohanty S, Jain KG, Sharma MC, Mallick HN, Yadav PK, Kalaivani M, Pandey RM. Dose-dependent facilitation of peripheral nerve regeneration by bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells: a randomized controlled study: laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg 2012; 117:1170-81. [PMID: 23039144 DOI: 10.3171/2012.8.jns111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Bone marrow-derived stem cells enhance the rate of regeneration of neuronal cells leading to clinical improvement in nerve injury, spinal cord injury, and brain infarction. Recent experiments in the local application of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in models of sciatic nerve transection in rats have suggested their beneficial role in nerve regeneration, although the effects of variable doses of stem cells on peripheral nerve regeneration have never been specifically evaluated in the literature. In this paper, the authors evaluated the dose-dependent role of BM-MNCs in peripheral nerve regeneration in a model of sciatic nerve transection in rats. METHODS The right sciatic nerve of 60 adult female Wistar rats (randomized into 2 test groups and 1 control group, 20 rats in each group) underwent transection under an operating microscope. The cut ends of the nerve were approximated using 2 epineural microsutures. The gap was filled with low-dose (5 million BM-MNCs/100 μl phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) rat BM-MNCs in one group, high-dose (10 million BM-MNCs/100 μl PBS) rat BM-MNCs in another group, and only PBS in the control group, and the approximated nerve ends were sealed using fibrin glue. Histological assessment was performed after 30 days by using semiquantitative and morphometric analyses and was done to assess axonal regeneration, percentage of myelinated fibers, axonal diameter, fiber diameter, and myelin thickness at distal-most sites (10 mm from site of repair), intermediate distal sites (5 mm distal to the repair site), and site of repair. RESULTS The recovery of nerve cell architecture after nerve anastomosis was far better in the high-dose BM-MNC group than in the low-dose BM-MNC and control groups, and it was most evident (p < 0.02 in the majority of the parameters [3 of 4]) at the distal-most site. Overall, the improvement in myelin thickness was most significant with incremental dosage of BM-MNCs, and was evident at the repair, intermediate distal, and distal-most sites (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the role of BM-MNCs, which can be isolated easily from bone marrow aspirates, in peripheral nerve injury and highlights their dose-dependent facilitation of nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Raheja
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Wiese CB, Ireland S, Fleming NL, Yu J, Valerius MT, Georgas K, Chiu HS, Brennan J, Armstrong J, Little MH, McMahon AP, Southard-Smith EM. A genome-wide screen to identify transcription factors expressed in pelvic Ganglia of the lower urinary tract. Front Neurosci 2012; 6:130. [PMID: 22988430 PMCID: PMC3439845 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative positions of neurons within mature murine pelvic ganglia based on expression of neurotransmitters have been described. However the spatial organization of developing innervation in the murine urogenital tract (UGT) and the gene networks that regulate specification and maturation of neurons within the pelvic ganglia of the lower urinary tract (LUT) are unknown. We used whole-mount immunohistochemistry and histochemical stains to localize neural elements in 15.5 days post coitus (dpc) fetal mice. To identify potential regulatory factors expressed in pelvic ganglia, we surveyed expression patterns for known or probable transcription factors (TF) annotated in the mouse genome by screening a whole-mount in situ hybridization library of fetal UGTs. Of the 155 genes detected in pelvic ganglia, 88 encode TFs based on the presence of predicted DNA-binding domains. Neural crest (NC)-derived progenitors within the LUT were labeled by Sox10, a well-known regulator of NC development. Genes identified were categorized based on patterns of restricted expression in pelvic ganglia, pelvic ganglia and urethral epithelium, or pelvic ganglia and urethral mesenchyme. Gene expression patterns and the distribution of Sox10+, Phox2b+, Hu+, and PGP9.5+ cells within developing ganglia suggest previously unrecognized regional segregation of Sox10+ progenitors and differentiating neurons in early development of pelvic ganglia. Reverse transcription-PCR of pelvic ganglia RNA from fetal and post-natal stages demonstrated that multiple TFs maintain post-natal expression, although Pax3 is extinguished before weaning. Our analysis identifies multiple potential regulatory genes including TFs that may participate in segregation of discrete lineages within pelvic ganglia. The genes identified here are attractive candidate disease genes that may now be further investigated for their roles in malformation syndromes or in LUT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Wiese
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
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Grouwels G, Vasylovska S, Olerud J, Leuckx G, Ngamjariyawat A, Yuchi Y, Jansson L, Van de Casteele M, Kozlova EN, Heimberg H. Differentiating neural crest stem cells induce proliferation of cultured rodent islet beta cells. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2016-25. [PMID: 22618811 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Efficient stimulation of cycling activity in cultured beta cells would allow the design of new strategies for cell therapy in diabetes. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) play a role in beta cell development and maturation and increase the beta cell number in co-transplants. The mechanism behind NCSC-induced beta cell proliferation and the functional capacity of the new beta cells is not known. METHODS We developed a new in vitro co-culture system that enables the dissection of the elements that control the cellular interactions that lead to NCSC-dependent increase in islet beta cells. RESULTS Mouse NCSCs were cultured in vitro, first in medium that stimulated their proliferation, then under conditions that supported their differentiation. When mouse islet cells were cultured together with the NCSCs, more than 35% of the beta cells showed cycle activity. This labelling index is more than tenfold higher than control islets cultured without NCSCs. Beta cells that proliferated under these culture conditions were fully glucose responsive in terms of insulin secretion. NCSCs also induced beta cell proliferation in islets isolated from 1-year-old mice, but not in dissociated islet cells isolated from human donor pancreas tissue. To stimulate beta cell proliferation, NCSCs need to be in intimate contact with the beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Culture of islet cells in contact with NCSCs induces highly efficient beta cell proliferation. The reported culture system is an excellent platform for further dissection of the minimal set of factors needed to drive this process and explore its potential for translation to diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grouwels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium
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