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Çiçek Zekey Ö, Uçar HN, Akyürek F, Arıcı Sağlıyan G, Çetin FH, Türkoğlu S, Altınbaş K. Neurotrophic factor levels and executive functions in children of parents with bipolar disorder: A case controlled study. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:327-332. [PMID: 38795781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, it was aimed to evaluate neurotrophic factor levels and their relationship with executive functions in high-risk children and adolescents (high-risk group) whose parents were diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) but not affected by any psychiatric disease,and in order to determine possible vulnerability factors related to the disease. METHODS The study sample consisted of 32 high-risk group and 34 healthy controls. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Adaptation (KSADS-PL-T), Stroop Test, Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT) and Cancellation Test to evaluate executive functions were administered to all participants by the clinician.Serum levels of neurotrophic factors were measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Serum BDNF, NT-3, NT-4 levels and SDLT scores were significantly lower in the high-risk group for BD compared to the healthy control group. A moderate negative correlation was found between BDNF levels and the Cancellation Test scores in the high-risk group. In addition to these results, the odds ratios of age, NT-4, SDLT scores for being in the risky group in terms of BD diagnosis were 1.26, 0.99 and 0.86 respectively. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study. Causality between study results is therefore difficult to establish. The relatively small sample size of the study is another limitation. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that BDNF, NT-3, NT-4 may play a role in the physiopathology of BD and may be associated with impaired executive function areas such as attention and response inhibition in the high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Çiçek Zekey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Halit Necmi Uçar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Diamind Zihin Akademisi, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fikret Akyürek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Hilmi Çetin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Diamind Zihin Akademisi, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serhat Türkoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Pearse Y, Clarke D, Kan SH, Le SQ, Sanghez V, Luzzi A, Pham I, Nih LR, Cooper JD, Dickson PI, Iacovino M. Brain transplantation of genetically corrected Sanfilippo type B neural stem cells induces partial cross-correction of the disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:452-463. [PMID: 36419468 PMCID: PMC9672419 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB) is a recessive genetic disorder that severely affects the brain due to a deficiency in the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), leading to intra-lysosomal accumulation of partially degraded heparan sulfate. There are no effective treatments for this disorder. In this project, we carried out an ex vivo correction of neural stem cells derived from Naglu -/- mice (iNSCs) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) using a modified enzyme in which human NAGLU is fused to an insulin-like growth factor II receptor binding peptide in order to improve enzyme uptake. After brain transplantation of corrected iNSCs into Naglu -/- mice and long-term evaluation of their impact, we successfully detected NAGLU-IGFII activity in all transplanted animals. We found decreased lysosomal accumulation and reduced astrocytosis and microglial activation throughout transplanted brains. We also identified a novel neuropathological phenotype in untreated Naglu -/- brains with decreased levels of the neuronal marker Map2 and accumulation of synaptophysin-positive aggregates. Upon transplantation, we restored levels of Map2 expression and significantly reduced formation of synaptophysin-positive aggregates. Our findings suggest that genetically engineered iNSCs can be used to effectively deliver the missing enzyme to the brain and treat Sanfilippo type B-associated neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande Pearse
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Don Clarke
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shih-hsin Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- CHOC Research Institute, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Steven Q. Le
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Valentina Sanghez
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Anna Luzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ivy Pham
- Department of Neurology, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Lina R. Nih
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Michelina Iacovino
- Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Cell-Based and Gene-Based Therapy Approaches in Neuro-orthopedic Disorders: a Literature Review. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Salehi MS, Safari A, Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Hooshmandi E, Owjfard M, Bayat M, Zafarmand SS, Miyan JA, Borhani-Haghighi A. The Beneficial Potential of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:412-440. [PMID: 34033001 PMCID: PMC8144279 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising strategy to treat stroke. Since growth factor release is considered as one of the most important aspects of cell-based therapy, stem cells over-expressing growth factors are hypothesized to yield higher levels of therapeutic efficiency. In pre-clinical studies of the last 15 years that were investigating the efficiency of stem cell therapy for stroke, a variety of stem cell types were genetically modified to over-express various factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived growth factors, encompassing techniques employed and time points to evaluate. In addition, we discuss several types of stem cells, including the recently developed model of epidermal neural crest stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells over-expressing specific factors, which could elevate the restorative potential of naive stem cells. The restorative potential is based on enhanced survival/differentiation potential of transplanted cells, apoptosis inhibition, infarct volume reduction, neovascularization or functional improvement. Since the majority of studies have focused on the short-term curative effects of genetically engineered stem cells, we emphasize the need to address their long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Elghajiji A, Wang X, Weston SD, Zeck G, Hengerer B, Tosh D, Rocha PRF. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Cell Differentiation from Floor Plate Progenitors to Midbrain Neurons in Real Time. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100330. [PMID: 33825335 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here shows that electrical impedance spectroscopy can be used as a non-invasive and real time tool to probe cell adhesion and differentiation from midbrain floor plate progenitors into midbrain neurons on Au electrodes coated with human laminin. The electrical data and equivalent circuit modeling are consistent with standard microscopy analysis and reveal that within the first 6 hours progenitor cells sediment and attach to the electrode within 40 hours. Between 40 and 120 hours, midbrain progenitor cells differentiate into midbrain neurons, followed by an electrochemically stable maturation phase. The ability to sense and characterize non-invasively and in real time cell differentiation opens up unprecedented avenues for implantable therapies and differentiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Elghajiji
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Weston
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Guenther Zeck
- Biomedical Electronics and Systems, Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, A-1040, Austria
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - David Tosh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo R F Rocha
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
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Parkins KM, Melo KP, Chen Y, Ronald JA, Foster PJ. Visualizing tumour self-homing with magnetic particle imaging. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6016-6023. [PMID: 33683241 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their innate tumour homing capabilities, in recent years, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been engineered to express therapeutic genes for targeted treatment of primary and metastatic lesions. Additionally, previous studies have incorporated optical or PET imaging reporter genes to enable noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic CTCs in preclinical tumour models. An alternative method for tracking cells is to pre-label them with imaging probes prior to transplantation into the body. This is typically more sensitive to low numbers of cells since large amounts of probe can be concentrated in each cell. The objective of this work was to evaluate magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for the detection of iron-labeled experimental CTCs. CTCs were labeled with micro-sized iron oxide (MPIO) particles, administered via intra-cardiac injection in tumour bearing mice and were detected in the tumour region of the mammary fat pad. Iron content and tumour volumes were calculated. Ex vivo MPI of the tumours and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the imaging data. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the ability of MPI to sensitively detect systemically administered iron-labeled CTCs and to visualize tumour self-homing in a murine model of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Parkins
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Fischer I, Dulin JN, Lane MA. Transplanting neural progenitor cells to restore connectivity after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:366-383. [PMID: 32518349 PMCID: PMC8384139 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a scientific and therapeutic challenge with great cost to individuals and society. The goal of research in this field is to find a means of restoring lost function. Recently we have seen considerable progress in understanding the injury process and the capacity of CNS neurons to regenerate, as well as innovations in stem cell biology. This presents an opportunity to develop effective transplantation strategies to provide new neural cells to promote the formation of new neuronal networks and functional connectivity. Past and ongoing clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of cell therapy, and preclinical research has used models of spinal cord injury to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which donor cells interact with the host and thus increase long-term efficacy. While a variety of cell therapies have been explored, we focus here on the use of neural progenitor cells obtained or derived from different sources to promote connectivity in sensory, motor and autonomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Parkins KM, Dubois VP, Kelly JJ, Chen Y, Knier NN, Foster PJ, Ronald JA. Engineering Circulating Tumor Cells as Novel Cancer Theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7925-7937. [PMID: 32685030 PMCID: PMC7359075 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New ways to target and treat metastatic disease are urgently needed. Tumor “self-homing” describes the recruitment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) back to a previously excised primary tumor location, contributing to tumor recurrence, as well as their migration to established metastatic lesions. Recently, self-homing CTCs have been exploited as delivery vehicles for anti-cancer therapeutics in preclinical primary tumor models. However, the ability of CTCs to self-home and treat metastatic disease is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we used bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to explore whether systemically administered CTCs home to metastatic lesions and if CTCs armed with both a reporter gene and a cytotoxic prodrug gene therapy can be used to visualize and treat metastatic disease. Results: BLI performed over time revealed a remarkable ability of CTCs to home to and treat tumors throughout the body. Excitingly, metastatic tumor burden in mice that received therapeutic CTCs was lower compared to mice receiving control CTCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the noteworthy ability of experimental CTCs to home to disseminated breast cancer lesions. Moreover, by incorporating a prodrug gene therapy system into our self-homing CTCs, we show exciting progress towards effective and targeted delivery of gene-based therapeutics to treat both primary and metastatic lesions.
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Abstract
Brain injury in the full-term and near-term neonates is a significant cause of mortality and long-term morbidity, resulting in injury patterns distinct from that seen in premature infants and older patients. Therapeutic hypothermia improves long-term outcomes for many of these infants, but there is a continued search for therapies to enhance the plasticity of the newborn brain, resulting in long-term repair. It is likely that a combination strategy utilizing both early and late interventions may have the most benefit, capitalizing on endogenous mechanisms triggered by hypoxia or ischemia. Optimizing care of these critically ill newborns in the acute setting is also vital for improving both short- and long-term outcomes.
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11
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Deng W, Fan C, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Li M, Teng J. Role of XIAP gene overexpressed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of cerebral injury in rats with cerebral palsy. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:273. [PMID: 31660045 PMCID: PMC6806515 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is performed to investigate the effects of adenovirus-mediated X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) overexpressed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on brain injury in rats with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Rat’s BMSCs were cultured and identified. The XIAP gene of BMSCs was modified by adenovirus expression vector Ad-XIAP-GFP. The rat model of CP with ischemia and anoxia was established by ligating the left common carotid artery and anoxia for 2 h, and BMSCs were intracerebroventricularly injected to the modeled rats. The mRNA and protein expression of XIAP in brain tissue of rats in each group was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The neurobehavioral situation, content of acetylcholine (Ach), activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), brain pathological injury, apoptosis of brain nerve cells and the activation of astrocytes in CP rats were determined via a series of assays. Results Rats with CP exhibited obvious abnormalities, increased Ach content, decreased AchE activity, obvious pathological damage, increased brain nerve cell apoptosis, as well as elevated activation of astrocyte. XIAP overexpressed BMSCs improved the neurobehavioral situation, decreased Ach content and increased AchE activity, attenuated brain pathological injury, inhibited apoptosis of brain nerve cells and the activation of astrocytes in CP rats. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that XIAP overexpressed BMSCs can inhibit the apoptosis of brain nerve cells and the activation of astrocytes, increase AchE activity, and inhibit Ach content, so as to lower the CP caused by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Deng
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghe Fan
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Fang
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Wei
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Teng
- The Neurology Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
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Torres-Cuevas I, Corral-Debrinski M, Gressens P. Brain oxidative damage in murine models of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:3-15. [PMID: 31226400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain is one of the main organs affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation in the neonatal period and one of the most vulnerable to oxidative stress. Hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation leads to impairment of neurogenesis, disruption of cortical migration, mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation. The extent of the injury depends on the clinical manifestation in the affected regions. Preterm newborns are highly vulnerable, and they exhibit severe clinical manifestations such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) among others. In the neonatal period, the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species exacerbated by the immature antioxidant defense systems in represents cellular threats that, if they exceed or bypass physiological counteracting mechanisms, are responsible of significant neuronal damage. Several experimental models in mice mimic the consequences of perinatal asphyxia and the use of oxygen in the reanimation process that produce brain injury. The aim of this review is to highlight brain damage associated with oxidative stress in different murine models of hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Houlton J, Abumaria N, Hinkley SFR, Clarkson AN. Therapeutic Potential of Neurotrophins for Repair After Brain Injury: A Helping Hand From Biomaterials. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:790. [PMID: 31427916 PMCID: PMC6688532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the leading cause of long-term disability with limited options available to aid in recovery. Significant effort has been made to try and minimize neuronal damage following stroke with use of neuroprotective agents, however, these treatments have yet to show clinical efficacy. Regenerative interventions have since become of huge interest as they provide the potential to restore damaged neural tissue without being limited by a narrow therapeutic window. Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and their high affinity receptors are actively produced throughout the brain and are involved in regulating neuronal activity and normal day-to-day function. Furthermore, neurotrophins are known to play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Unfortunately, exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by a lack of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, poor half-life, and rapid degradation. Therefore, we have focused this review on approaches that provide a direct and sustained neurotrophic support using pharmacological therapies and mimetics, physical activity, and potential drug delivery systems, including discussion around advantages and limitations for use of each of these systems. Finally, we discuss future directions of biomaterial drug-delivery systems, including the incorporation of heparan sulfate (HS) in conjunction with neurotrophin-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Houlton
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon F. R. Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Petone, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Arteaga Cabeza O, Mikrogeorgiou A, Kannan S, Ferriero DM. Advanced nanotherapies to promote neuroregeneration in the injured newborn brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:19-37. [PMID: 31678359 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury affects thousands of babies each year and may lead to long-term and permanent physical and neurological problems. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia is standard clinical care for term newborns with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy. Nevertheless, it is not completely protective, and additional strategies to restore and promote regeneration are urgently needed. One way to ensure recovery following injury to the immature brain is to augment endogenous regenerative pathways. However, novel strategies such as stem cell therapy, gene therapies and nanotechnology have not been adequately explored in this unique age group. In this perspective review, we describe current efforts that promote neuroprotection and potential targets that are unique to the developing brain, which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.
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Guo Q, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Li X, Wang F, Liu S. Lentivirus-mediated microRNA-26a-modified neural stem cells improve brain injury in rats with cerebral palsy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1274-1286. [PMID: 31264214 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is launched to investigate the effect of lentivirus-mediated microRNA-26a (miR-26a)-modified neural stem cells (NSCs) in brain injury in rats with cerebral palsy (CP). The successfully constructed miR-26a lentivirus expression vector and empty vector virus were used to modify NSCs. The model of CP with ischemia and anoxia was established in rats. NSCs and miR-26a-NSCs were stereoscopically injected into the cerebral cortex of the modeled rats, respectively. The survival and migration of NSCs infected with recombinant lentivirus expressing green fluorescence in vivo was observed under a light microscope. The neurobehavioral functions, morphology, and ultrastructure of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, apoptosis of brain cells, expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 and Bax, together with the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were determined. Expression of miR-26a in NSCs infected with plVTHM-miR-26a increased significantly. After NSCs transplantation, the neurobehavioral status of CP rats was improved, the degree of brain pathological injury was alleviated, the apoptotic index of cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus and the expression of the apoptotic protein (caspase-3 and Bax) were decreased, the expression of GFAP were significantly decreased. After miR-26a-NSCs transplantation, these aforementioned results further improved or decreased. Our study suggests that miR-26a-modified NSCs mediated by lentivirus can improve brain injury, inhibit apoptosis of brain cells and activation of astrocytes in CP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhaoshi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Gancheva MR, Kremer KL, Gronthos S, Koblar SA. Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31110489 PMCID: PMC6501465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability world-wide, but aside from rehabilitation, there is currently no clinically-proven pharmaceutical or biological agent to improve neurological disability. Cell-based therapies using stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells, are a promising alternative for treatment of neurological diseases, including stroke. The ischaemic environment in stroke affects multiple cell populations, thus stem cells, which act through cellular and molecular mechanisms, are promising candidates. The most common stem cell population studied in the neurological setting has been mesenchymal stem cells due to their accessibility. However, it is believed that neural stem cells, the resident stem cell of the adult brain, would be most appropriate for brain repair. Using reprogramming strategies, alternative sources of neural stem and progenitor cells have been explored. We postulate that a cell of closer origin to the neural lineage would be a promising candidate for reprogramming and modification towards a neural stem or progenitor cell. One such candidate population is dental pulp stem cells, which reside in the root canal of teeth. This review will focus on the neural potential of dental pulp stem cells and their investigations in the stroke setting to date, and include an overview on the use of different sources of neural stem cells in preclinical studies and clinical trials of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Gancheva
- Stroke Research Programme Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karlea L. Kremer
- Stroke Research Programme Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon A. Koblar
- Stroke Research Programme Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Shin JE, Han J, Lim JH, Eun HS, Park KI. Human Neural Stem Cells: Translational Research for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2019.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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18
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Beldick SR, Hong J, Altamentova S, Khazaei M, Hundal A, Zavvarian MM, Rumajogee P, Chio J, Fehlings MG. Severe-combined immunodeficient rats can be used to generate a model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury to facilitate studies of engrafted human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208105. [PMID: 30485360 PMCID: PMC6261629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) encompasses a group of non-progressive brain disorders that are often acquired through perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Injury leads to a cascade of cell death events, resulting in lifetime motor and cognitive deficits. There are currently no treatments that can repair the resulting brain damage and improve functional outcomes. To date, preclinical research using neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation as a therapy for HI brain injury has shown promise. To translate this treatment to the clinic, it is essential that human-derived NPCs also be tested in animal models, however, a major limitation is the high risk of xenograft rejection. A solution is to transplant the cells into immune-deficient rodents, but there are currently no models of HI brain injury established in such a cohort of animals. Here, we demonstrate that a model of HI brain injury can be generated in immune-deficient Prkdc knockout (KO) rats. Long-term deficits in sensorimotor function were similar between KO and wildtype (WT) rats. Interestingly, some aspects of the injury were more severe in KO rats. Additionally, human induced pluripotent stem cell derived (hiPSC)-NPCs had higher survival at 10 weeks post-transplant in KO rats when compared to their WT counterparts. This work establishes a reliable model of neonatal HI brain injury in Prkdc KO rats that will allow for future transplantation, survival, and long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-NPCs for neonatal brain damage. This model will enable critical preclinical translational research using human NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Beldick
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svetlana Altamentova
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anisha Hundal
- Life Sciences Program, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakasham Rumajogee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon Chio
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Suzuki N, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Takai K, Hirotsu C, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Fujiwara N, Suzuki T. Neuronal Cell Sheets of Cortical Motor Neuron Phenotype Derived from Human iPSCs. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1355-1364. [PMID: 28901192 PMCID: PMC5680971 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells that differentiate into more mature neural cells brings about functional improvement in preclinical studies of stroke. Previous transplant approaches in the diseased brain utilized injection of the cells in a cell suspension. In addition, neural stem cells were preferentially used for grafting. However, these cells had no specific relationship to the damaged tissue of stroke and brain injury patients. The injection of cells in a suspension destroyed the cell–cell interactions that are suggested to be important for promoting functional integrity of cortical motor neurons. In order to obtain suitable cell types for grafting in patients with stroke and brain damage, a protocol was modified for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells from cells phenotypically related to cortical motor neurons. Moreover, cell sheet technology was applied to neural cell transplantation, as maintaining the cell–cell communications is regarded important for the repair of host brain architecture. Accordingly, neuronal cell sheets that were positive Forebrain Embryonic Zinc Finger (Fez) family zinc finger 2 (FEZF2), COUP-TF-interacting protein 2, insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein precursor (CRIM1), and forkhead box p2 (FOXP2) were developed. These markers are associated with cortical motoneurons that are appropriate for the transplant location in the lesions. The sheets allowed preservation of cell–cell interactions shown by synapsin1 staining after transplantation to damaged mouse brains. The sheet transplantation brought about partial structural restoration and the improvement of motor functions in hemiplegic mice. Collectively, the novel neuronal cell sheets were transplanted into damaged motor cortices; the cell sheets maintained cell–cell interactions and improved the motor functions in the hemiplegic model mice. The motoneuron cell sheets are possibly applicable for stroke patients and patients with brain damage by using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Suzuki
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sueshige Wakisaka
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- 1 Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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20
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Shin JE, Jung K, Kim M, Hwang K, Lee H, Kim IS, Lee BH, Lee IS, Park KI. Brain and spinal cord injury repair by implantation of human neural progenitor cells seeded onto polymer scaffolds. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-18. [PMID: 29674624 PMCID: PMC5938022 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to extensive tissue loss and axonal degeneration. The combined application of the polymer scaffold and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has been reported to enhance neural repair, protection and regeneration through multiple modes of action following neural injury. This study investigated the reparative ability and therapeutic potentials of biological bridges composed of human fetal brain-derived NPCs seeded upon poly(glycolic acid)-based scaffold implanted into the infarction cavity of a neonatal HI brain injury or the hemisection cavity in an adult SCI. Implantation of human NPC (hNPC)–scaffold complex reduced the lesion volume, induced survival, engraftment, and differentiation of grafted cells, increased neovascularization, inhibited glial scar formation, altered the microglial/macrophage response, promoted neurite outgrowth and axonal extension within the lesion site, and facilitated the connection of damaged neural circuits. Tract tracing demonstrated that hNPC–scaffold grafts appear to reform the connections between neurons and their targets in both cerebral hemispheres in HI brain injury and protect some injured corticospinal fibers in SCI. Finally, the hNPC–scaffold complex grafts significantly improved motosensory function and attenuated neuropathic pain over that of the controls. These findings suggest that, with further investigation, this optimized multidisciplinary approach of combining hNPCs with biomaterial scaffolds provides a more versatile treatment for brain injury and SCI. Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with human fetal brain cells can help repair neurological injuries in rodents. A team led by Kook In Park and Il-Shin Lee from the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, created a mesh of plastic fibers that they bathed in neural progenitor cells. Over the course of several days, these cells differentiated into different types of brain cells, including neurons and glia. The researchers implanted these cell-scaffold complexes into the sites of injury in two rodent models: newborn mice with oxygen deprivation to the brain, and adult rats with severed spinal cords. In both cases, the treatment helped the injured tissues heal and improved the neurological or motor function of the animals. The authors suggest these tissue-engineered structures could also help people with brain or spine injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Jung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyujin Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Haejin Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Il-Shin Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Kook In Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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21
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A Review on Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebral Palsy with a Focus on Motor Function Improvement. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.59387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The state of the art in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine: the end of the beginning. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:191-204. [PMID: 29019974 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With translational stem cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (the field to which the former gave rise) now over a quarter century old, it is time to take stock of where we have been and where we are going. This editorial overview, which serves as an introduction to this special issue of Pediatric Research dedicated to these fields, reinforces the notion that stem cells are ultimately intrinsic parts of developmental biology, for which Pediatrics represents the clinical face. Although stem cells provide the cellular basis for a great deal of only recently recognized plasticity programmed into the developing and postdevelopmental organism, and although there is enormous promise in harnessing this plasticity for therapeutic advantage, their successful use rests on a deep understanding of their developmental imperatives and the developmental programs in which they engage. The potential uses of stems are ranked and discussed in the order of most readily achievable to those requiring extensively more work. Although that order may not be what was contemplated at the field's birth, we nevertheless retain an optimism for the ultimate positive impact of exploiting this fundamental biology for the well-being of children.
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Forsberg D, Thonabulsombat C, Jäderstad J, Jäderstad LM, Olivius P, Herlenius E. Functional Stem Cell Integration into Neural Networks Assessed by Organotypic Slice Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 42:2D.13.1-2D.13.30. [PMID: 28806855 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Re-formation or preservation of functional, electrically active neural networks has been proffered as one of the goals of stem cell-mediated neural therapeutics. A primary issue for a cell therapy approach is the formation of functional contacts between the implanted cells and the host tissue. Therefore, it is of fundamental interest to establish protocols that allow us to delineate a detailed time course of grafted stem cell survival, migration, differentiation, integration, and functional interaction with the host. One option for in vitro studies is to examine the integration of exogenous stem cells into an existing active neural network in ex vivo organotypic cultures. Organotypic cultures leave the structural integrity essentially intact while still allowing the microenvironment to be carefully controlled. This allows detailed studies over time of cellular responses and cell-cell interactions, which are not readily performed in vivo. This unit describes procedures for using organotypic slice cultures as ex vivo model systems for studying neural stem cell and embryonic stem cell engraftment and communication with CNS host tissue. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Forsberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charoensri Thonabulsombat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Hearing and Communication Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Johan Jäderstad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Maria Jäderstad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petri Olivius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Hearing and Communication Research, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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High-mobility group box-1 as an autocrine trophic factor in white matter stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4987-E4995. [PMID: 28584116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702035114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of white matter integrity in health and disease is critical for a variety of neural functions. Ischemic stroke in the white matter frequently results in degeneration of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. Previously, we found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expressed in OLs provides cell-autonomous protective effects on ischemic OL death and demyelination in white matter stroke. Here, we identified high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) as an endogenous TLR2 ligand that promotes survival of OLs under ischemic stress. HMGB1 rapidly accumulated in the culture medium of OLs exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). This conditioned medium exhibited a protective activity against ischemic OL death that was completely abolished by immunodepletion of HMGB1. Knockdown of HMGB1 or application of glycyrrhizin, a specific HMGB1 inhibitor, aggravated OGD-induced OL death, and recombinant HMGB1 application reduced the extent of OL death in a TLR2-dependent manner. We confirmed that cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and activation of TLR2-mediated signaling pathways occurred in a focal white matter stroke model induced by endothelin-1 injection. Animals with glycyrrhizin coinjection showed an expansion of the demyelinating lesion in a TLR2-dependent manner, accompanied by aggravation of sensorimotor behavioral deficits. These results indicate that HMGB1/TLR2 activates an autocrine trophic signaling pathways in OLs and myelin to maintain structural and functional integrity of the white matter under ischemic conditions.
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Neurogenin-2-transduced human neural progenitor cells attenuate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Transl Res 2017; 183:121-136.e9. [PMID: 28081931 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury leads to high mortality and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with self-renewing capacity have the potential to reduce neuronal loss and improve the compromised environment in the HI brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of neuronal-committed progenitor cells and the underlying mechanisms of recovery are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the regenerative ability and action mechanisms of neuronally committed human NPCs (hNPCs) transduced with neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2) in neonatal HI brain injury. NEUROG2- or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding adenoviral vector-transduced hNPCs (NEUROG2- or GFP-NPCs) were transplanted into neonatal mouse brains with HI injury. Grafted NEUROG2-NPCs showed robust dispersion and engraftment, prolonged survival, and neuronal differentiation in HI brain injury. NEUROG2-NPCs significantly improved neurological behaviors, decreased cellular apoptosis, and increased the neurite outgrowth and axonal sprouting in HI brain injury. In contrast, GFP-NPC grafts moderately enhanced axonal extension with limited behavioral recovery. Notably, NEUROG2-NPCs showed increased secretion of multiple factors, such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NTF3), fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and thrombospondins 1 and 2 (THBS 1/2), which promoted SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell survival and neurite outgrowth. Thus, we postulate that NEUROG2-expressing human NPCs facilitate functional recovery after neonatal HI brain injury via their ability to secrete multiple factors that enhance neuronal survival and neuroplasticity.
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Nguyen LT, Nguyen AT, Vu CD, Ngo DV, Bui AV. Outcomes of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for cerebral palsy: an open label uncontrolled clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:104. [PMID: 28403842 PMCID: PMC5389089 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising method for improving motor function of patients with cerebral palsy. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cell transplantation in patients with cerebral palsy related to oxygen deprivation. Methods An open label uncontrolled clinical trial was carried out at Vinmec International Hospital. The intervention consisted of two administrations of stem cells, the first at baseline and the second 3 months later. Improvement was monitored at 3 months and 6 months after the first administration of stem cells, using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Modified Ashworth Score which measures muscle tone. Results No severe complications were recorded during the study. After transplantation, 12 patients encountered fever without infections and 9 patients experienced vomiting which was easily managed with medications. Gross motor function was markedly improved 3 months or 6 months after stem cell transplantation than at baseline. The post-transplantation GMFM-88 total score, each of its domains and the GMFM-66 percentile were all significantly higher (p-value < 0.001). Muscle spasticity also reduced significantly after transplantation (p-value < 0.001). The therapy was equally effective regardless of sex, age and GMFCS level (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation appears to be a safe and effective therapy for patients with cerebral palsy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02569775. Retrospectively registered on October 15, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0859-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Stem cells and Gene Technology Research Center, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Stem cells and Gene Technology Research Center, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Duy Vu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Doan V Ngo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh V Bui
- Stem cells and Gene Technology Research Center, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
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27
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Fliervoet LAL, Mastrobattista E. Drug delivery with living cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:63-72. [PMID: 27129442 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of drug delivery has grown tremendously in the past few decades by developing a wide range of advanced drug delivery systems. An interesting category is cell-based drug delivery, which includes encapsulation of drugs inside cells or attached to the surface and subsequent transportation through the body. Another approach involves genetic engineering of cells to secrete therapeutic molecules in a controlled way. The next-generation systems integrate expertise from synthetic biology to generate therapeutic gene networks for highly advanced sensory and output devices. These developments are very exciting for the drug delivery field and could radically change the way we administer biological medicines to chronically ill patients. This review is covering the use of living cells, either as transport system or production-unit, to deliver therapeutic molecules and bioactive proteins inside the body. It describes a wide range of approaches in cell-based drug delivery and highlights exceptional examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies A L Fliervoet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Pramanik S, Sulistio YA, Heese K. Neurotrophin Signaling and Stem Cells-Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7401-7459. [PMID: 27815842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are members of a neuronal growth factor protein family whose action is mediated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) receptor family receptors and the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Although NTs were first discovered in neurons, recent studies have suggested that NTs and their receptors are expressed in various types of stem cells mediating pivotal signaling events in stem cell biology. The concept of stem cell therapy has already attracted much attention as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Strikingly, NTs, proNTs, and their receptors are gaining interest as key regulators of stem cells differentiation, survival, self-renewal, plasticity, and migration. In this review, we elaborate the recent progress in understanding of NTs and their action on various stem cells. First, we provide current knowledge of NTs, proNTs, and their receptor isoforms and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we describe recent advances in the understanding of NT activities in various stem cells and their role in NDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we compile the implications of NTs and stem cells from a clinical perspective and discuss the challenges with regard to transplantation therapy for treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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Pongrac IM, Dobrivojević M, Ahmed LB, Babič M, Šlouf M, Horák D, Gajović S. Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:926-936. [PMID: 27547609 PMCID: PMC4979740 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell tracking is a powerful tool to understand cellular migration, dynamics, homing and function of stem cell transplants. Nanoparticles represent possible stem cell tracers, but they differ in cellular uptake and side effects. Their properties can be modified by coating with different biocompatible polymers. To test if a coating polymer, poly(L-lysine), can improve the biocompatibility of nanoparticles applied to neural stem cells, poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. We evaluated their cellular uptake, the mechanism of internalization, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and compared them to the commercially available dextran-coated nanomag(®)-D-spio nanoparticles. RESULTS Light microscopy of Prussian blue staining revealed a concentration-dependent intracellular uptake of iron oxide in neural stem cells. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and the calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide assay demonstrated that poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles scored better than nanomag(®)-D-spio in cell labeling efficiency, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells. Cytochalasine D blocked the cellular uptake of nanoparticles indicating an actin-dependent process, such as macropinocytosis, to be the internalization mechanism for both nanoparticle types. Finally, immunocytochemistry analysis of neural stem cells after treatment with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite and nanomag(®)-D-spio nanoparticles showed that they preserve their identity as neural stem cells and their potential to differentiate into all three major neural cell types (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). CONCLUSION Improved biocompatibility and efficient cell labeling makes poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles appropriate candidates for future neural stem cell in vivo tracking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Pongrac
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Dobrivojević
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Brkić Ahmed
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Adams C, Israel LL, Ostrovsky S, Taylor A, Poptani H, Lellouche JP, Chari D. Development of Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Genetic Engineering and Tracking of Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:841-9. [PMID: 26867130 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of cell transplant populations and cell tracking ability are key underpinnings for effective cell therapies. Current strategies to achieve these goals utilize methods which are unsuitable for clinical translation because of related safety issues, and multiple protocol steps adding to cost and complexity. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offering dual mode gene delivery and imaging contrast capacity offer a valuable tool in this context. Despite their key benefits, there is a critical lack of neurocompatible and multifunctional particles described for use with transplant populations for neurological applications. Here, a systematic screen of MNPs (using a core shown to cause contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) bearing various surface chemistries (polyethylenimine (PEI) and oxidized PEI and hybrids of oxidized PEI/alginic acid, PEI/chitosan and PEI/polyamidoamine) is performed to test their ability to genetically engineer neural stem cells (NSCs; a cell population of high clinical relevance for central nervous system disorders). It is demonstrated that gene delivery to NSCs can be safely achieved using two of the developed formulations (PEI and oxPEI/alginic acid) when used in conjunction with oscillating magnetofection technology. After transfection, intracellular particles can be detected by histological procedures with labeled cells displaying contrast in MRI (for real time cell tracking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adams
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Staffordshire ST55BG United Kingdom
| | - Liron Limor Israel
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Stella Ostrovsky
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Centre for Pre-Clinical Imaging; Institute for Translational Medicine; Crown Street; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Pre-Clinical Imaging; Institute for Translational Medicine; Crown Street; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Divya Chari
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Staffordshire ST55BG United Kingdom
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McGinley LM, Sims E, Lunn JS, Kashlan ON, Chen KS, Bruno ES, Pacut CM, Hazel T, Johe K, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Human Cortical Neural Stem Cells Expressing Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I: A Novel Cellular Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:379-91. [PMID: 26744412 PMCID: PMC4807660 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia. Current treatment fails to modify underlying disease pathologies and very little progress has been made to develop effective drug treatments. Cellular therapies impact disease by multiple mechanisms, providing increased efficacy compared with traditional single-target approaches. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we have shown that transplanted spinal neural stem cells (NSCs) integrate into the spinal cord, form synapses with the host, improve inflammation, and reduce disease-associated pathologies. Our current goal is to develop a similar "best in class" cellular therapy for AD. Here, we characterize a novel human cortex-derived NSC line modified to express insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), HK532-IGF-I. Because IGF-I promotes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in vivo, this enhanced NSC line offers additional environmental enrichment, enhanced neuroprotection, and a multifaceted approach to treating complex AD pathologies. We show that autocrine IGF-I production does not impact the cell secretome or normal cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, or maintenance of progenitor status. However, HK532-IGF-I cells preferentially differentiate into gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons, a subtype dysregulated in AD; produce increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels; and display an increased neuroprotective capacity in vitro. We also demonstrate that HK532-IGF-I cells survive peri-hippocampal transplantation in a murine AD model and exhibit long-term persistence in targeted brain areas. In conclusion, we believe that harnessing the benefits of cellular and IGF-I therapies together will provide the optimal therapeutic benefit to patients, and our findings support further preclinical development of HK532-IGF-I cells into a disease-modifying intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M McGinley
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erika Sims
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Simon Lunn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Osama N Kashlan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Crystal M Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tom Hazel
- Neuralstem, Inc., Germantown, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl Johe
- Neuralstem, Inc., Germantown, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Perinatal brain damage: The term infant. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 92:102-12. [PMID: 26409031 PMCID: PMC4915441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Dixon BJ, Reis C, Ho WM, Tang J, Zhang JH. Neuroprotective Strategies after Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22368-401. [PMID: 26389893 PMCID: PMC4613313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating disease that primarily causes neuronal and white matter injury and is among the leading cause of death among infants. Currently there are no well-established treatments; thus, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and elucidate complications that are creating a gap between basic science and clinical translation. In the development of neuroprotective strategies and translation of experimental results in HIE, there are many limitations and challenges to master based on an appropriate study design, drug delivery properties, dosage, and use in neonates. We will identify understudied targets after HIE, as well as neuroprotective molecules that bring hope to future treatments such as melatonin, topiramate, xenon, interferon-beta, stem cell transplantation. This review will also discuss some of the most recent trials being conducted in the clinical setting and evaluate what directions are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Wing Mann Ho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Using magnetic nanoparticles for gene transfer to neural stem cells: stem cell propagation method influences outcomes. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:259-76. [PMID: 25918990 PMCID: PMC4493511 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered neural stem cell (NSC) transplants offer a key strategy to augment neural repair by releasing therapeutic biomolecules into injury sites. Genetic modification of NSCs is heavily reliant on viral vectors but cytotoxic effects have prompted development of non-viral alternatives, such as magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs). NSCs are propagated in laboratories as either 3-D suspension “neurospheres” or 2-D adherent “monolayers”. MNPs deployed with oscillating magnetic fields (“magnetofection technology”) mediate effective gene transfer to neurospheres but the efficacy of this approach for monolayers is unknown. It is important to address this issue as oscillating magnetic fields dramatically enhance MNP-based transfection in transplant cells (e.g., astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors) propagated as monolayers. We report for the first time that oscillating magnetic fields enhanced MNP-based transfection with reporter and functional (basic fibroblast growth factor; FGF2) genes in monolayer cultures yielding high transfection versus neurospheres. Transfected NSCs showed high viability and could re-form neurospheres, which is important as neurospheres yield higher post-transplantation viability versus monolayer cells. Our results demonstrate that the combination of oscillating magnetic fields and a monolayer format yields the highest efficacy for MNP-mediated gene transfer to NSCs, offering a viable non-viral alternative for genetic modification of this important neural cell transplant population.
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35
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Merchant NM, Azzopardi DV, Edwards AD. Neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: current and future treatment options. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1021776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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A clinical study of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for cerebral palsy patients: a new frontier. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:905874. [PMID: 25788947 PMCID: PMC4348592 DOI: 10.1155/2015/905874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive heterogeneous group of neurological disorders with a growing rate of prevalence. Recently, cellular therapy is emerging as a potential novel treatment strategy for cerebral palsy. The various mechanisms by which cellular therapy works include neuroprotection, immunomodulation, neurorestoration, and neurogenesis. We conducted an open label, nonrandomized study on 40 cases of cerebral palsy with an aim of evaluating the benefit of cellular therapy in combination with rehabilitation. These cases were administered autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells intrathecally. The follow-up was carried out at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Adverse events of the treatment were also monitored in this duration. Overall, at six months, 95% of patients showed improvements. The study population was further divided into diplegic, quadriplegic, and miscellaneous group of cerebral palsy. On statistical analysis, a significant association was established between the symptomatic improvements and cell therapy in diplegic and quadriplegic cerebral palsy. PET-CT scan done in 6 patients showed metabolic improvements in areas of the brain correlating to clinical improvements. The results of this study demonstrate that cellular therapy may accelerate the development, reduce disability, and improve the quality of life of patients with cerebral palsy.
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Tan J, Zheng X, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wang X, Yu X, Zhong L. Response of the sensorimotor cortex of cerebral palsy rats receiving transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor 165-transfected neural stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1763-9. [PMID: 25422637 PMCID: PMC4238164 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells are characterized by the ability to differentiate and stably express exogenous ge-nes. Vascular endothelial growth factor plays a role in protecting local blood vessels and neurons of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected neural stem cells may be neuroprotective in rats with cerebral palsy. In this study, 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham operation (control), (2) cerebral palsy model alone or with (3) phosphate-buffered saline, (4) vascular endothelial growth factor 165 + neural stem cells, or (5) neural stem cells alone. The cerebral palsy model was established by ligating the left common carotid artery followed by exposure to hypoxia. Phosphate-buffered saline, vascular endothelial growth factor + neural stem cells, and neural stem cells alone were administered into the sensorimotor cortex using the stereotaxic instrument and microsyringe. After transplantation, the radial-arm water maze test and holding test were performed. Immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor and histology using hematoxylin-eosin were performed on cerebral cortex. Results revealed that the number of vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells in cerebral palsy rats transplanted with vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected neural stem cells was increased, the time for finding water and the finding repetitions were reduced, the holding time was prolonged, and the degree of cell degeneration or necrosis was reduced. These findings indicate that the transplantation of vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected neural stem cells alleviates brain damage and cognitive deficits, and is neuroprotective in neonatal rats with hypoxia ischemic-mediated cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielu Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohe Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Le Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Liu Z, Li S, Liang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Li F. Targeting β-secretase with RNAi in neural stem cells for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3095-106. [PMID: 25206630 PMCID: PMC4158703 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.33.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, including apoptosis of cholinergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein (Aβ) production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin (shRNA) expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing Aβ protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene therapy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
Perinatal brain injuries are a leading cause of cerebral palsy worldwide. The potential of stem cell therapy to prevent or reduce these impairments has been widely discussed within the medical and scientific communities and an increasing amount of research is being conducted in this field. Animal studies support the idea that a number of stem cells types, including cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells have a neuroprotective effect in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Both these cell types are readily available in a clinical setting. The mechanisms of action appear to be diverse, including immunomodulation, activation of endogenous stem cells, release of growth factors, and anti-apoptotic effects. Here, we review the different types of stem cells and progenitor cells that are potential candidates for therapeutic strategies in perinatal brain injuries, and summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre W Phillips
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA ; Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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40
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Reparative effects of neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic injury are not influenced by host sex. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:603-11. [PMID: 24463490 PMCID: PMC4404035 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is increasingly recognized as an important influence on brain development, disease susceptibility, and response to pharmacologic/rehabilitative treatments. In regenerative medicine, it remains entirely unknown whether there is an interaction between transplanted stem cells and host gender that might bias efficacy and safety in some patients but not others. METHODS We examined the role of recipient gender in a neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) model, treated with female human neuronal stem cells (hNSCs), labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles implanted into the contralateral cerebral ventricle. We monitored HII evolution (by magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, behavioral testing) and hNSC fate (migration, replication, viability). RESULTS Recipient gender after implantation did not influence the volume or location of ischemic injury (1, 30, or 90 d) or behavior (90 d). Superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling did not influence HII evolution. Implantation had its greatest benefit on mild/moderate injuries, which remained stable rather than increasing as in severe HII as is the natural history for such lesions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hNSC treatment (including using hNSCs that are prelabeled with iron to allow tracking in real time by magnetic resonance imaging) would be equally safe and effective for male and female human newborns with mild-to-moderate HII.
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Gao X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zou H, Liu J. Identification of rat respiratory mucosa stem cells and comparison of the early neural differentiation potential with the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:257-68. [PMID: 24292331 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify rat nasal septum respiratory mucosa-derived mesenchyme stem cells (RM-MSCs) and to compare its neural lineage differentiation capacity with bone marrow-derived mesenchyme stem cells (BM-MSCs) after a short period of neural induction culture in vitro. The cell morphology was observed with light microscopy; cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The characteristics of the cells were evaluated with flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. The results showed that rat nasal respiratory mucosa contains RM-MSCs that exhibited similar proliferation rate as BM-MSCs in vitro. Both RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses demonstrated that RM-MSCs showed higher expression of neural lineage markers than BM-MSCs after a short period of neural induction culture, and secreted higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. RM-MSCs were more amenable to differentiate into neural or glial cell after a short period of neural induction culture than BM-MSCs in vitro; and it could be considered as another optimal source of stem cells for cell-based therapy to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
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Lu HX, Yang ZQ, Jiao Q, Wang YY, Wang L, Yang PB, Chen XL, Zhang PB, Wang P, Chen MX, Lu XY, Liu Y. Low concentration of serum helps to maintain the characteristics of NSCs/NPCs on alkali-treated PHBHHx filmin vitro. Neurol Res 2014; 36:207-14. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liu X, Ye R, Yan T, Yu SP, Wei L, Xu G, Fan X, Jiang Y, Stetler RA, Liu G, Chen J. Cell based therapies for ischemic stroke: from basic science to bedside. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:92-115. [PMID: 24333397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a viable therapy to restore neurological function after stroke. Many types of stem/progenitor cells from different sources have been explored for their feasibility and efficacy for the treatment of stroke. Transplanted cells not only have the potential to replace the lost circuitry, but also produce growth and trophic factors, or stimulate the release of such factors from host brain cells, thereby enhancing endogenous brain repair processes. Although stem/progenitor cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke in experimental studies as well as initial clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy is still at an early stage in humans. Many critical issues need to be addressed including the therapeutic time window, cell type selection, delivery route, and in vivo monitoring of their migration pattern. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of preclinical evidence and clinical experience of various donor cell types, their restorative mechanisms, delivery routes, imaging strategies, future prospects and challenges for translating cell therapies as a neurorestorative regimen in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Fan
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Tzameret A, Sher I, Belkin M, Treves AJ, Meir A, Nagler A, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Barshack I, Rosner M, Rotenstreich Y. Transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a thin subretinal layer ameliorates retinal degeneration in a rat model of retinal dystrophy. Exp Eye Res 2013; 118:135-44. [PMID: 24239509 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vision incapacitation and blindness associated with retinal degeneration affect millions of people worldwide. Cell based therapy and specifically transplantation of human adult bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBM-MSCs) present possible treatment strategy. Subretinal transplantation of human or rat BM-MSCs was shown previously to improve retinal function in Royal College Surgeons (RCS) rats. In those studies cells were transplanted via a transscleral-transchoroidal approach, creating a localized subretinal bleb. Limited number of cells could be injected and photoreceptor rescue was restricted to areas in proximity to the injection site. Here we describe a new surgical method for subretinal transplantation that facilitates uniform distribution of transplanted cells as a thin layer along most of the subretinal space. We assessed the therapeutic effect of hBM-MSCs on RCS rats when transplanted either subretinally or intravitreally. We also examined whether a second transplantation can prolong the therapeutic effect. A cell suspension of 2.5 × 10(6) cells in 5 μl was injected subretinally or intravitreally in RCS rats at 28 days postnatal. In the subretinal group, hBM-MSCs were transplanted posterior to the limbus in the superotemporal part of the eye through a longitudinal triangular scleral tunnel reaching the choroid. In the intravitreal group, the cells were injected into the superotemporal part of the vitreous cavity. In cross sections of subretinally transplanted eyes, removed 2 h following transplantation, hBM-MSCs were distributed as a near-homogenous thin layer along most of the subretinal space. In some animals the cells were also detected in the choroid. In the intravitreal injection group, hBM-MSCs were clustered in the vitreous cavity. Transplanted cells could be detected up to 2 weeks after transplantation but not at later time points. Retinal function and structure were assessed by electroretinogram (ERG) and histology analysis, respectively. Six weeks post transplantation, the mean maximal scotopic ERG b-wave amplitude response recorded in RCS control eyes was 1.2 μV. By contrast, in transplanted eyes mean responses of 56.4 μV and 66.2 μV were recorded in the intravitreally and subretinally transplanted eyes, respectively. In the subretinal group, retinal function was significantly higher in transplanted compared with control eyes up to 20 weeks following transplantation. By contrast, in the intravitreal group, rescue of retinal function persisted only up to 12 weeks following transplantation. Histological analysis revealed that 8 weeks following subretinal transplantation, the retinas of control eyes were dystrophic, with outer nuclear layer (ONL) containing a single cell layer. An extensive photoreceptor rescue was demonstrated in transplanted eyes at this time point, with 3-4 cell layers in the ONL along the entire retina. A second subretinal transplantation at 70 days postnatal did not enhance or prolong the therapeutic effect of hBM-MSCs. No immunosuppressants were used and long-term safety analysis demonstrated no gross or microscopic adverse effects. Taken together our findings suggest that transplantation of hBM-MSCs as a thin subretinal layer enhances the therapeutic effect and the safety of cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tzameret
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Ifat Sher
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Michael Belkin
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Avraham J Treves
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amilia Meir
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hani Levkovitch-Verbin
- Rothberg Ophthalmic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mordechai Rosner
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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Yang J, Yan Y, Xia Y, Kang T, Li X, Ciric B, Xu H, Rostami A, Zhang GX. Neurotrophin 3 transduction augments remyelinating and immunomodulatory capacity of neural stem cells. Mol Ther 2013; 22:440-450. [PMID: 24247929 PMCID: PMC3918915 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, to date, their use has resulted in only limited clinical and pathological improvement. To enhance their therapeutic capacity, in the present study, we transduced bone marrow-derived NSCs (BM-NSCs) with neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), a potent neurotrophic factor that is both neuroprotective and immunomodulatory. We found that BM-NSCs transduced with NT-3 reduced central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurological deficits in ongoing EAE significantly more than conventional NSC therapy, and, in addition, had the following advantages: (i) enhanced BM-NSC proliferation and differentiation into oligodendrocytes and neurons, as well as inhibited differentiation into astrocytes, thus promoting remyelination and neuronal repopulation, and reducing astrogliosis; (ii) enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity of BM-NSCs, thus more effectively suppressing CNS inflammation and accelerating remyelination; (iii) the easy accessibility of BM-NSCs provides another advantage over brain-derived NSCs for MS therapy; and (iv) a novel Tet-on system we used enables efficient control of NT-3 expression. Thus, our study provides a novel approach to break the vicious inflammation-demyelination cycle, and could pave the way to an easily accessible and highly effective therapy for CNS inflammatory demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Keeney M, Deveza L, Yang F. Programming stem cells for therapeutic angiogenesis using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. J Vis Exp 2013:e50736. [PMID: 24121540 DOI: 10.3791/50736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled vascular growth is critical for successful tissue regeneration and wound healing, as well as for treating ischemic diseases such as stroke, heart attack or peripheral arterial diseases. Direct delivery of angiogenic growth factors has the potential to stimulate new blood vessel growth, but is often associated with limitations such as lack of targeting and short half-life in vivo. Gene therapy offers an alternative approach by delivering genes encoding angiogenic factors, but often requires using virus, and is limited by safety concerns. Here we describe a recently developed strategy for stimulating vascular growth by programming stem cells to overexpress angiogenic factors in situ using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Specifically our strategy utilized stem cells as delivery vehicles by taking advantage of their ability to migrate toward ischemic tissues in vivo. Using the optimized polymeric vectors, adipose-derived stem cells were modified to overexpress an angiogenic gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We described the processes for polymer synthesis, nanoparticle formation, transfecting stem cells in vitro, as well as methods for validating the efficacy of VEGF-expressing stem cells for promoting angiogenesis in a murine hindlimb ischemia model.
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Liang Y, Ågren L, Lyczek A, Walczak P, Bulte JW. Neural progenitor cell survival in mouse brain can be improved by co-transplantation of helper cells expressing bFGF under doxycycline control. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:73-9. [PMID: 23570903 PMCID: PMC3742733 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy of neurological disorders is hampered by poor survival of grafted neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We hypothesized that it is possible to enhance the survival of human NPCs (ReNcells) by co-transplantation of helper cells expressing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) under control of doxycycline (Dox). 293 cells or C17.2 cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the fluorescent reporter mCherry and bFGF under tetracycline-regulated transgene expression (Tet-ON). The bFGF secretion level in the engineered helper cells was positively correlated with the dose of Dox (Pearson correlation test; r=0.95 and 0.99 for 293 and C17.2 cells, respectively). Using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as readout for firefly luciferase-transduced NPC survival, the addition of both 293-bFGF and C17.2-bFGF helper cells was found to significantly improve cell survival up to 6-fold in vitro, while wild-type (WT, non-transduced) helper cells had no effect. Following co-transplantation of 293-bFGF or C17.2-bFGF cells in the striatum of Rag2(-/-) immunodeficient mice, in vivo human NPC survival could be significantly improved as compared to no helper cells or co-transplantation of WT cells for the first two days after co-transplantation. This enhancement of survival in C17.2-bFGF group was not achieved without Dox administration, indicating that the neuroprotective effect was specific for bFGF. The present results warrant further studies on the use of engineered helper cells, including those expressing other growth factors injected as mixed cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liang
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Louise Ågren
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Agatha Lyczek
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W.M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Chemical &Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Smith GA, Snyder EY. Two cells are better than one: optimizing stem cell survival by co-grafting "helper" cells that offer regulated trophic support. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:751-4. [PMID: 23856435 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Mohammad-Gharibani P, Tiraihi T, Delshad A, Arabkheradmand J, Taheri T. Improvement of contusive spinal cord injury in rats by co-transplantation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:1073-85. [PMID: 23806239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell therapy is considered a promising option for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to use combined therapy of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and BMSC-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurotransmitter cells (BDGCs) for the contusion model of SCI in rats. METHODS BDGCs were prepared from BMSCs by pre-inducing them with β-mercaptoethanol followed by retinoic acid and then inducing them by creatine. They were immunostained with BMSC, proneuronal, neural and GABA markers. The BDGCs were intraspinally transplanted into the contused rats, whereas the BMSCs were delivered intravenously. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. RESULTS The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan test showed improvement in the animals with the combined therapy compared with the untreated animals, the animals treated with GABAergic cells only and the animals that received BMSCs. The immunohistochemistry analysis of the tissue sections prepared from the animals receiving the combined therapy showed that the transplanted cells were engrafted and integrated into the injured spinal cord; in addition, a significant reduction was seen in the cavitation. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the combination of GABAergic cells with BMSCs can improve SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohammad-Gharibani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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