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Zabot GC, Medeiros EB, Macarini BMN, Peruchi BB, Keller GS, Lídio AV, Boaventura A, de Jesus LC, de Bem Silveira G, Silveira PCL, Chede BC, Réus GZ, Budni J. The involvement of neuroinflammation in an animal model of dementia and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:110999. [PMID: 38552774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression are inflammatory pathologies, leading to increased inflammatory response and neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the treatment with fluoxetine and/or galantamine and/or donepezil on the levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in a mixed animal model of depression and dementia. Adult male Wistar rats underwent chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol for 40 days and were subjected to stereotaxic surgery for intra-hippocampal administration of amyloid-beta (Aꞵ) peptide or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) to mimic the dementia animal model. On the 42nd day, animals were treated with water, galantamine, donepezil, and/or fluoxetine, orally for 17 days. On the 57th and 58th days, the Splash and Y-maze tests for behavior analysis were performed. The frontal cortex and hippocampus were used to analyze the tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ꞵ), IL-6, and IL-10 levels. The results of this study show that animals subjected to CMS and administration of Aꞵ had anhedonia, cognitive impairment, increased TNF-α and IL-1ꞵ levels in the frontal cortex, and reduced IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. All treatment groups were able to reverse the cognitive impairment. Only donepezil did not decrease the TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Fluoxetine + galantamine and fluoxetine + donepezil reversed the anhedonia. Fluoxetine reversed the anhedonia and IL-1ꞵ levels in the frontal cortex. In addition, fluoxetine + donepezil reversed the reduction of IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. The results indicate a pathophysiological interaction between AD and depression, and the association of medications in the future may be a possible therapeutic strategy to reduce inflammation, especially the fluoxetine-associated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Casagrande Zabot
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Machado Naspolini Macarini
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Bruno Búrigo Peruchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Serafim Keller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Vargas Lídio
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Amanda Boaventura
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Laura Ceolin de Jesus
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Bem Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Costa Chede
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil.
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Satarker S, Gurram PC, Nassar A, Manandhar S, Vibhavari R, Yarlagadda DL, Mudgal J, Lewis S, Arora D, Nampoothiri M. Evaluating the Role of N-Acetyl-L-Tryptophan in the Aβ 1-42-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4421-4440. [PMID: 38091207 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition previously known to affect the older population, is also now seen in younger individuals. AD is often associated with cognitive decline and neuroinflammation elevation primarily due to amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation. Multiple pathological complications in AD call for therapies with a wide range of neuroprotection. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NAT) in ameliorating the cognitive decline and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ 1-42 oligomers and to determine the therapeutic concentration of NAT in the brain. We administered Aβ 1-42 oligomers in rats via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to induce AD-like conditions. The NAT-treated animals lowered the cognitive decline in the Morris water maze characterized by shorter escape latency and increased path efficiency and platform entries. Interestingly, the hippocampus and frontal cortex showed downregulation of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and substance P levels. NAT treatment also reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and total and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and Tau levels. Lastly, we observed upregulation of cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) signaling. Surprisingly, our HPLC method was not sensitive enough to detect the therapeutic levels of NAT in the brain, possibly due to NAT concentrations being below the lowest limit of quantification of our validated method. To summarize, the administration of NAT significantly lowered cognitive decline, neuroinflammatory pathways, and Tau protein and triggered the upregulation of CREB1 signaling, suggesting its neuroprotective role in AD-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rja Vibhavari
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, QLD, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Alexander C, Parsaee A, Vasefi M. Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37998052 PMCID: PMC10669725 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Buplerum falcatum, produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ali Parsaee
- Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
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5
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Smith GS, Protas H, Kuwabara H, Savonenko A, Nassery N, Gould NF, Kraut M, Avramopoulos D, Holt D, Dannals RF, Nandi A, Su Y, Reiman EM, Chen K. Molecular imaging of the association between serotonin degeneration and beta-amyloid deposition in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103322. [PMID: 36680976 PMCID: PMC9869478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the serotonin system has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In transgenic amyloid mouse models, serotonin degeneration is detected prior to widespread cortical beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, also suggesting that serotonin degeneration may be observed in preclinical AD. METHODS The differences in the distribution of serotonin degeneration (reflected by the loss of the serotonin transporter, 5-HTT) relative to Aβ deposition was measured with positron emission tomography in a group of individuals with MCI and a group of healthy older adults. A multi-modal partial least squares (mmPLS) algorithm was applied to identify the spatial covariance pattern between 5-HTT availability and Aβ deposition. RESULTS Forty-five individuals with MCI and 35 healthy older adults were studied, 22 and 27 of whom were included in the analyses who were "amyloid positive" and "amyloid negative", respectively. A pattern of lower cortical, subcortical and limbic 5-HTT availability and higher cortical Aβ deposition distinguished the MCI from the healthy older control participants. Greater expression of this pattern was correlated with greater deficits in memory and executive function in the MCI group, not in the control group. CONCLUSION A spatial covariance pattern of lower 5-HTT availability and Aβ deposition was observed to a greater extent in an MCI group relative to a control group and was associated with cognitive impairment in the MCI group. The results support the application of mmPLS to understand the neurochemical changes associated with Aβ deposition in the course of preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najlla Nassery
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda F Gould
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Monllor P, Kumar P, Lloret MÁ, Ftara A, Leon JL, Lopez B, Cervera-Ferri A, Lloret A. Multifactorial Causation of Alzheimer's Disease Due to COVID-19. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1399-1409. [PMID: 38007649 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There are several implications of the surge in the incidence of pandemics and epidemics in the last decades. COVID-19 being the most remarkable one, showed the vulnerability of patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review studies the pathological interlinks and triggering factors between the two illnesses and proposes a multifactorial pathway of AD causation due to COVID-19. The article evaluates and describes all the postulated hypotheses which explain the etiology and possible pathogenesis of the disease in four domains: Inflammation & Neurobiochemical interactions, Oxidative Stress, Genetic Factors, and Social Isolation. We believe that a probable hypothesis of an underlying cause of AD after COVID-19 infection could be the interplay of all these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of La Plana, Vila-Real, Spain
| | - Pratyush Kumar
- MS4, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Mari-Ángeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Artemis Ftara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Leon
- Ascires Biomedical Group, Department of Neuroradiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
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Hao Y, Xie B, Fu X, Xu R, Yang Y. New Insights into lncRNAs in Aβ Cascade Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121802. [PMID: 36551230 PMCID: PMC9775548 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood, and effective drugs to treat or reverse the progression of the disease are lacking. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed and deregulated in AD and are closely related to the occurrence and development of AD. In addition, the high tissue specificity and spatiotemporal specificity make lncRNAs particularly attractive as diagnostic biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in AD is essential for developing new treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the unique regulatory functions of lncRNAs in AD, ranging from Aβ production to clearance, with a focus on their interaction with critical molecules. Additionally, we highlight the advantages and challenges of using lncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets in AD and present future perspectives in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoshu Fu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TCY, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 36184623 PMCID: PMC9527145 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Nurr1 Is Not an Essential Regulator of BDNF in Mouse Cortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126853. [PMID: 35743300 PMCID: PMC9224520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurr1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play major roles in cognition. Nurr1 regulates BDNF in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and cerebellar granule cells. Nurr1 and BDNF are also highly expressed in the cerebral cortex, a brain area important in cognition. Due to Nurr1 and BDNF tissue specificity, the regulatory effect of Nurr1 on BDNF in different brain areas cannot be generalized. The relationship between Nurr1 and BDNF in the cortex has not been investigated previously. Therefore, we examined Nurr1-mediated BDNF regulation in cortical neurons in activity-dependent and activity-independent states. Mouse primary cortical neurons were treated with the Nurr1 agonist, amodiaquine (AQ). Membrane depolarization was induced by KCl or veratridine and reversed by nimodipine. AQ and membrane depolarization significantly increased Nurr1 (p < 0.001) and BDNF (pAQ < 0.001, pKCl < 0.01) as assessed by real-time qRT-PCR. However, Nurr1 knockdown did not affect BDNF gene expression in resting or depolarized neurons. Accordingly, the positive correlation between Nurr1 and BDNF expression in AQ and membrane depolarization experiments does not imply co-regulation because Nurr1 knockdown did not affect BDNF gene expression in resting or depolarized cortical neurons. Therefore, in contrast to midbrain dopaminergic neurons and cerebellar granule cells, Nurr1 does not regulate BDNF in cortical neurons.
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Khonsari F, Heydari M, Sharifzadeh M, Valizadeh H, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Transferrin decorated-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are a promising delivery system for rapamycin in Alzheimer's disease: An in vivo study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212827. [PMID: 35929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway could regulate learning and memory. The effect of rapamycin (Rapa) on mTOR activity could slow or prevent the progression of AD by affecting various essential cellular processes. Previously, we prepared transferrin (Tf) decorated-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for rapamycin (150 ± 9 nm) to protect the drug from chemical and enzymatic degradation and for brain targeted delivery of rapamycin. Herein, the effect of Tf-NLCs compared to untargeted anionic-NLCs and free rapamycin, were studied in amyloid beta (Aβ) induced rat model of AD. Behavioral test revealed that the Rapa Tf-NLCs were able to significantly improve the impaired spatial memory induced by Aβ. Histopathological studies of hippocampus also showed neural survival in Rapa Tf-NLCs treated group. The immunosuppressive, and delayed wound healing adverse effects in the rapamycin solution treated group were abolished by incorporating the drug into NLCs. The Aβ induced oxidative stress was also reduced by Rapa Tf-NLCs. Molecular studies on the level of Aβ, autophagy (LC3) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, and mTOR activity revealed that the Rapa Tf-NLCs decreased the Aβ level and suppressed the toxic effects of Aβ plaques by modulating the mTOR activity and autophagy, and decreasing the apoptosis level. As a conclusion, the designed Tf-NLCs could be an appropriate and a safe brain delivery system for rapamycin and make this drug more efficient in AD for improving memory and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khonsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, De Mont Fort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Khan A, Sati J, Kamal R, Dhawan DK, Chadha VD. Amelioration of cognitive and biochemical impairment in Aβ-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease following fractionated X-irradiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:205-219. [PMID: 35325276 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. Available pharmaceuticals provide temporary symptomatic relief without affecting disease progression. Use of radiation was found effective in treating extra-cranial amyloidosis, therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective role of fractionated X-irradiation in Aβ1-42-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. S.D. female rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham control (Group 1), Aβ1-42 injected (Group 2), cranial X-irradiated (Group 3) and Aβ1-42 injected followed by cranial X-irradiation (Group 4). A single dose of 5 µL Aβ1-42 peptide was administered through intracerebroventricular (icv) injection in Group 2 and 4 animals, while Group 1 animals were administered 5 µL of bi-distilled water (icv). The group 4 animals were further subjected to 10 Gy X-irradiation (fractionated dose, 2 Gy × 5 days) after 4 weeks of Aβ1-42 infusion of peptide. The animals in Group 3 were subjected to same dose of cranial fractionated X-irradiation (2 Gy × 5 days) only. Significant decrease in amyloid deposits were observed in the Aβ1-42 + radiation-treated animals confirmed by histopathological analysis. These finding were in concordance with neurobehavioral tests that showed a significant improvement in Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in the animals subjected to fractionated cranial X-irradiation. Restoration of alterations in neurochemical and antioxidant defense indices further supported our results. The present study highlights the underexplored role of fractionated X-irradiation in curtailing the Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting a novel treatment option for Alzheimer's disease-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khan
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jasmine Sati
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rozy Kamal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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12
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is important for the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research tools that can conveniently evaluate oxidative stress in AD models are expected to catalyze and accelerate research on AD. This study explored the use of genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) to detect mitochondrial oxidative stress in organotypic brain slices and AD mouse models. To enable ratiometric normalization and avoid tissue autofluorescence, we genetically fused a green fluorescent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) indicator, HyPer7, with each of two selected, bright red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), mScarlet-I and tdTomato. The resultant indicators, namely, HyPerGRS and HyPerGRT, were tagged with mitochondrial targeting sequences and examined for localization and function in cultured HeLa cells and primary mouse neurons. We further utilized HyPerGRT, which is a genetic fusion of HyPer7 with tdTomato, to monitor mitochondrial H2O2 in response to the human β-amyloid 1-42 isoform (Aβ42) in cultured brain slices and an AD mouse model. Owing to the high sensitivity and low autofluorescence interference resulting from HyPerGRT, we successfully detected Aβ42-mediated mitochondrial H2O2 in these AD models. The results suggest that HyPerGRT is a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial oxidative stress in tissues and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Hui-wang Ai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- The UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Corresponding Author.
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13
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Choi JM, Park HS, He MT, Kim YS, Kim HY, Lee AY, Cho EJ. Membrane-Free Stem Cells and Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Synergistically Enhance Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030601. [PMID: 35326251 PMCID: PMC8945526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE), which is a component of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells, on cognitive impairment in Aβ25–35-injected AD mice. The ICR mice were i.c.v. injected with Aβ25–35 and then treated with MFSCE for 14 days (i.p.). The Aβ25–35-injected mice showed deficits in spatial and object perception abilities, whereas treatment with MFSCE inhibited Aβ25–35-induced learning and memory impairment in the T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, Aβ25–35-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide overproduction were attenuated by treatment with MFSCE. These antioxidant effects of MFSCE were related to the inhibition of the apoptotic signaling pathway. In particular, the combination treatment of MFSCE and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) showed greater suppression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression compared to the MFSCE- or PLP-only treatment. Furthermore, the MFSCE and PLP combination significantly downregulated the amyloidogenic-pathway-related protein expressions, such as amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2. Therefore, the MFSCE and PLP combination may synergistically prevent Aβ25–35-induced neuronal apoptosis and amyloidogenesis, which contributes to cognitive improvement and has potential therapeutic implications for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (J.M.C.); (H.S.P.); (M.T.H.)
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (J.M.C.); (H.S.P.); (M.T.H.)
- T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Korea;
| | - Mei Tong He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (J.M.C.); (H.S.P.); (M.T.H.)
| | | | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Correspondence: (A.Y.L.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (J.M.C.); (H.S.P.); (M.T.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.Y.L.); (E.J.C.)
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14
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Xu Q, Wen L, Wei G, Zhao X, Liu Y, Xiong W, Zhang T, Fan Y, Chen C, Xiang C, Chen C, Chen Y, Yin Q, Zhang TE, Yan Z. Marked Response of Rat Ileal and Colonic Microbiota After the Establishment of Alzheimer’s Disease Model With Bilateral Intraventricular Injection of Aβ (1-42). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819523. [PMID: 35222337 PMCID: PMC8874218 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. More evidence has shown that gut microbiota is closely associated with AD. Also, studies have shown that the distribution of gut microbiota vary in different sections of the intestine. In this study, a rat model of AD was established using a bilateral intraventricular injection of β-amyloid (1-42) [Aβ (1-42)], and the behavior of rats, hippocampal Aβ (1-42) deposition, and the ileal and colonic microbiota in each group were analyzed. We observed that the model rats had obvious memory and cognitive impairment, increased Aβ (1-42) deposition, indicating that the AD model was successfully established. Through 16S rRNA-sequencing analysis, we found that α diversity, β diversity, and dominant microbiota in the ileum and colon of normal rats were significantly different, showing spatial heterogeneity. Additionally, the surgery and injection of Aβ (1-42) caused various degrees of disturbances in the ileal and colonic microbiota of rats. These findings provide new insights for the study of the gut microbiota of AD rats and help advance the development of therapeutic strategies for intervening AD through the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmiao Wen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-e Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-e Zhang,
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Zhiyong Yan,
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15
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Ilieva K, Atanasova M, Atanasova D, Kortenska L, Tchekalarova J. Chronic agomelatine treatment alleviates icvAβ-induced anxiety and depressive-like behavior through affecting Aβ metabolism in the hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113525. [PMID: 34242671 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the atypical antidepressant agomelatine (Ago) exerted a beneficial impact on behavioral changes and concomitant neuropathological events in icvSTZ rat model of sporadic Alzheimer diseases (AD). In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of Ago (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 30 days) on beta-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism in icvAβ1-42 rat model of AD. The melatonin analogue was administered either simultaneously with Aβ1-42 (AβAgo1) or 30 days later during the late stage of the progression of AD (AβAgo2). Treatment with Ago in the early stage of AD attenuated anxiety and depressive-like responses but was inefficient against Aβ-induced impairment of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. The melatonin analogue, administered both during the early and the late stage of AD, corrected to control level the elevated Aβ1-42 in the frontal cortex (FC) and the hippocampus. The concentration of α-secretase was enhanced by AβAgo1 compared to the sham- and Aβ-veh groups in the hippocampus. No changes in the concentration of β-secretase in the FC and the hippocampus as well as of γ-secretase in the FC were observed among groups. Both the AβAgo1 and AβAgo2 attenuated to control level the Aβ-induced increased concentration of γ-secretase in the hippocampus. AβAgo1 exerted also structure-specific neuroprotection observed mainly in the CA1, septal CA3b subfield of the dorsal hippocampus and septo-temporal piriform cortex (Pir) and partially in the temporal CA3c, septal and temporal Pir. These findings suggest that Ago treatment in the early stage of AD can exert beneficial effects on concomitant behavioral impairments and neuroprotection in associated brain structures. The antidepressant administration both in the early stage and after the progression of AD affected Aβ metabolism via decreasing of γ-secretase concentration in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Ilieva
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., Pleven 5800, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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16
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Carbamylated Erythropoietin-Fc (CEPO-Fc) ameliorates Aβ25-35 induced neurotoxicity by modulating autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease model rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071611. [PMID: 34199148 PMCID: PMC8304476 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult's susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.
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18
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Burstein ES. Relevance of 5-HT 2A Receptor Modulation of Pyramidal Cell Excitability for Dementia-Related Psychosis: Implications for Pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:727-741. [PMID: 34224112 PMCID: PMC8310514 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis occurs across a wide variety of dementias with differing etiologies, including Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) inverse agonist, has shown promising results in clinical trials by reducing the frequency and/or severity of hallucinations and delusions and the risk of relapse of these symptoms in patients with dementia-related psychosis. A literature review was conducted to identify mechanisms that explain the role of 5-HT2ARs in both the etiology and treatment of dementia-related psychosis. This review revealed that most pathological changes commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases cause one or more of the following events to occur: reduced synaptic contact of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons with glutamatergic pyramidal cells, reduced cortical innervation from subcortical structures, and altered 5-HT2AR expression levels. Each of these events promotes increased pyramidal cell hyperexcitability and disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance, facilitating emergence of psychotic behaviors. The brain regions affected by these pathological changes largely coincide with areas expressing high levels of 5-HT2ARs. At the cellular level, 5-HT2ARs are most highly expressed on cortical glutamatergic pyramidal cells, where they regulate pyramidal cell excitability. The common effects of different neurodegenerative diseases on pyramidal cell excitability together with the close anatomical and functional connection of 5-HT2ARs to pyramidal cell excitability may explain why suppressing 5-HT2AR activity could be an effective strategy to treat dementia-related psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Burstein
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc, 12830 El Camino Real, Suite 400, San Diego, CA 92130 USA
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19
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Amidfar M, de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Budni J, Kim YK. The role of CREB and BDNF in neurobiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 257:118020. [PMID: 32603820 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is currently assumed to be the main cause of synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments in AD, but the molecular signaling pathways underlying its neurotoxic consequences have not yet been completely explored. Additional investigations regarding these pathways will contribute to development of new therapeutic targets. In context, developing evidence suggest that Aβ decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mostly by lowering phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) protein. In fact, it has been observed that brain or serum levels of BDNF appear to be beneficial markers for cognitive condition. In addition, the participation of transcription mediated by CREB has been widely analyzed in the memory process and AD development. Designing pharmacologic or genetic therapeutic approaches based on the targeting of CREB-BDNF signaling could be a promising treatment potential for AD. In this review, we summarize data demonstrating the role of CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in cognitive status and mediation of Aβ toxicity in AD. Finally, we also focus on the developing intervention methods for improvement of cognitive decline in AD based on targeting of CREB-BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Poland
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Joshi A, Wang DH, Watterson S, McClean PL, Behera CK, Sharp T, Wong-Lin K. Opportunities for multiscale computational modelling of serotonergic drug effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108118. [PMID: 32380022 PMCID: PMC7322519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-specific neurodegenerative disease that compromises cognitive functioning and impacts the quality of life of an individual. Pathologically, AD is characterised by abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Despite research advances over the last few decades, there is currently still no cure for AD. Although, medications are available to control some behavioural symptoms and slow the disease's progression, most prescribed medications are based on cholinesterase inhibitors. Over the last decade, there has been increased attention towards novel drugs, targeting alternative neurotransmitter pathways, particularly those targeting serotonergic (5-HT) system. In this review, we focused on 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) mediated signalling and drugs that target these receptors. These pathways regulate key proteins and kinases such as GSK-3 that are associated with abnormal levels of Aβ and tau in AD. We then review computational studies related to 5-HT signalling pathways with the potential for providing deeper understanding of AD pathologies. In particular, we suggest that multiscale and multilevel modelling approaches could potentially provide new insights into AD mechanisms, and towards discovering novel 5-HTR based therapeutic targets. Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug treatment is limited, and alternatives are needed. Serotonin (5-HT) mediated signalling pathways may regulate Aβ and tau levels. 5-HT based drugs have the potential to provide as novel therapeutics for AD. Complex 5-HT signalling mechanisms for AD and related drugs hinder understanding. Multiscale models may offer insights into mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Da-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Watterson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chandan K Behera
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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21
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Memory decline correlates with increased plasma cytokines in amyloid-beta (1–42) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 169:107187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Smith AK, Khayat E, Lockhart C, Klimov DK. Do Cholesterol and Sphingomyelin Change the Mechanism of Aβ 25-35 Peptide Binding to Zwitterionic Bilayer? J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:5207-5217. [PMID: 31738555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using replica exchange with solute tempering all-atom molecular dynamics, we studied the equilibrium binding of Aβ25-35 peptide to the ternary bilayer composed of an equimolar mixture of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), N-palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM), and cholesterol. Binding of the same peptide to the pure DMPC bilayer served as a control. Due to significant C-terminal hydrophobic moment, binding to the ternary and DMPC bilayers promotes helical structure in the peptide. For both bilayers a polarized binding profile is observed, in which the N-terminus anchors to the bilayer surface, whereas the C-terminus alternates between unbound and inserted states. Both ternary and DMPC bilayers feature two Aβ25-35 bound states, surface bound, S, and inserted, I, separated by modest free energy barriers. Experimental data are in agreement with our results but indicate that cholesterol impact is Aβ fragment dependent. For Aβ25-35, we predict that its binding mechanism is independent of the inclusion of PSM and cholesterol into the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Smith
- School of Systems Biology , George Mason University , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
| | - Elias Khayat
- School of Systems Biology , George Mason University , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
| | - Christopher Lockhart
- School of Systems Biology , George Mason University , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
| | - Dmitri K Klimov
- School of Systems Biology , George Mason University , Manassas , Virginia 20110 , United States
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23
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Wang K, Sun W, Zhang L, Guo W, Xu J, Liu S, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Oleanolic Acid Ameliorates Aβ25-35 Injection-induced Memory Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats by Maintaining Synaptic Plasticity. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 17:389-399. [PMID: 29793416 PMCID: PMC6327117 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180525113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and deposition in the hippocampus is an essential process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate whether Oleanolic acid (OA) could improve memory deficit in AD model and its possible mechanism. Methods: Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and OA group. AD models by injection of Aβ25-35 were built. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to inves-tigate learning and memory, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the ultrastructure of synapse, western blot to the proteins, electrophysiology for long-term potentiation (LTP), and Ca2+ con-centration in synapse was also measured. Results: The latency time in model group was significantly longer than that in sham operation group (P=0.0001); while it was significantly shorter in the OA group than that in model group (P=0.0001); compared with model group, the times of cross-platform in OA group significantly increased (P=0.0001). TEM results showed OA could alleviate neuron damage and synapses changes induced by Aβ25-35. The expressions of CaMKII, PKC, NMDAR2B, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB protein were signif-icantly improved by OA (P=0.0001, 0.036, 0.041, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.026, respectively) compared with that in model group; the concentration of Ca2+ was significantly lower in OA group (1.11±0.42) than that in model group (1.68±0.18); and the slope rate (P=0.0001) and amplitude (P=0.0001) of f-EPSP significantly increased in OA group. Conclusion: The present results support that OA could ameliorate Aβ-induced memory loss of AD rats by maintaining synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Jiachun Xu
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
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Gao Y, Liu EJ, Wang WJ, Wang YL, Li XG, Wang X, Li SH, Zhang SJ, Li MZ, Zhou QZ, Long XB, Zhang HQ, Wang JZ. Microglia CREB-Phosphorylation Mediates Amyloid-β-Induced Neuronal Toxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:333-345. [PMID: 30282353 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) forming senile plaques is one of the hallmark pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the mechanisms underlying the neuronal toxic effect of Aβ are not fully understood. Here, we found that intracerebroventricular infusion of the aged Aβ42 in mice only induces memory deficit at 24 h but not at 7 days. Interestingly, a remarkably increased CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) Ser133-phosphorylation (pS133-CREB) with microglial activation was detected at 24 h but not at 7 days after Aβ infusion. Aβ treatment for 24 h increased pS133-CREB level in microglia of the hippocampal non-granular cell layers with remarkably decreased pS133-CREB immunoreactivity in neurons of the hippocampal granular cell layers, including CA1, CA3, and DG subsets. Inhibition of microglia activation by minocycline or CREB phosphorylation by H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), abolished Aβ-induced microglia CREB hyperphosphorylation with restoration of neuronal function and attenuation of inflammatory response, i.e., reduced levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and pCREB binding of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) DNA. Finally, treatment of the primary hippocampal neurons with Aβ-potentiated microglia media decreased neuronal GluN1 and GluA2 levels, while simultaneous inhibition of PKA restored the levels. These novel findings reveal that intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ only induces transient memory deficit in mice and the molecular mechanisms involve a stimulated microglial CREB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - En-Jie Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jin Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Zhi Zhou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- Neurosurgery Department, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Qiu Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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25
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Zhang H, Kang Y, Han Y, Chen X, Wang R. Reverse of β-Amyloid Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Nattokinase: Role of SIRT1-ROCK1 Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.593.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Sanati M, Khodagholi F, Aminyavari S, Ghasemi F, Gholami M, Kebriaeezadeh A, Sabzevari O, Hajipour MJ, Imani M, Mahmoudi M, Sharifzadeh M. Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in a Rat Animal Model: Involvement of STIM Proteins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2299-2309. [PMID: 30933476 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative amyloid disorder causing progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. A considerable number of therapies for AD rely on inhibition/delay/dissociation of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and fibrils. In this case, nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated substantial effects on the Aβ fibrillation process; however, their effects on progressive cognitive decline and memory have been poorly investigated in vivo. In this study, acquisition and retention of spatial learning and memory are studied in a rat animal model of AD after intrahippocampal (IH) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of a model NP, i.e., gold NPs (AuNPs). The outcomes revealed that the AuNPs could improve the acquisition and retention of spatial learning and memory in Aβ treated rats as indicated by decreased time (Aβ: 39.60 ± 3.23 s vs Aβ+AuNPs: 25.78 ± 2.80 s) and distance (Aβ: 917.98 ± 50.81 cm vs Aβ+AuNPs: 589.09 ± 65.96 cm) of finding the hidden platform during training days and by increased time spent in the target quadrant (Aβ: 19.40 ± 0.98 s vs Aβ+AuNPs: 29.36 ± 1.14 s) in the probe test in Morris water maze (MWM). Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, cAMP response element binding protein, CREB, and stromal interaction molecules, e.g., STIM1 and STIM2 was also increased, supporting improved neural survival. Our outcomes may pave a way for mechanistic insights toward the role of NPs on retrieval of the deteriorated behavioral functions in brain tissue after AD outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Department of
Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
(ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization
(AREEO), Karaj 3135933151, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 47263, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Department of Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
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De novo aggregation of Alzheimer's Aβ25-35 peptides in a lipid bilayer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7161. [PMID: 31073226 PMCID: PMC6509337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential mechanism of cytotoxicity attributed to Alzheimer’s Aβ peptides postulates that their aggregation disrupts membrane structure causing uncontrollable permeation of Ca2+ ions. To gain molecular insights into these processes, we have performed all-atom explicit solvent replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations probing aggregation of the naturally occurring Aβ fragment Aβ25-35 within the DMPC lipid bilayer. To compare the impact produced on the bilayer by Aβ25-35 oligomers and monomers, we used as a control our previous simulations, which explored binding of Aβ25-35 monomers to the same bilayer. We found that compared to monomeric species aggregation results in much deeper insertion of Aβ25-35 peptides into the bilayer hydrophobic core causing more pronounced disruption in its structure. Aβ25-35 peptides aggregate by incorporating monomer-like structures with stable C-terminal helix. As a result the Aβ25-35 dimer features unusual helix head-to-tail topology supported by a parallel off-registry interface. Such topology affords further growth of an aggregate by recruiting additional peptides. Free energy landscape reveals that inserted dimers represent the dominant equilibrium state augmented by two metastable states associated with surface bound dimers and inserted monomers. Using the free energy landscape we propose the pathway of Aβ25-35 binding, aggregation, and insertion into the lipid bilayer.
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Eskandari-Roozbahani N, Shomali T, Taherianfard M. Neuroprotective Effect of Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil on Rats With Alzheimer Disease: A Mechanistic Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:85-97. [PMID: 31031896 PMCID: PMC6484186 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Finding herbs with promising effects to prevent or postpone Alzheimer Disease (AD) is highly demanded. The present study aimed at clarifying plausible effects and related mechanism(s) of Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil (ZMEO) against memory impairment in a rat model of the AD. METHODS Forty male adult rats were categorized into four groups and treated as follows: 1. The Negative Control (NC): no treatment; 2. Sham control (sham): distilled water by Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection; 3. The AD control (AD): Aβ 1-42 by ICV injection; and 4. The ZMEO group: Aβ 1-42 by ICV injection and ZMEO at 100 μL/kg/d orally for 20 days. RESULTS After Congo red staining of the hippocampus, a relative decrease in amyloid deposits was observed in the ZMEO group. Moreover, rats showed better outcomes in Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, reduced hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, and higher Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) content as compared with the AD group (P<0.05). However, no significant changes in antioxidant status was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION ZMEO has a protective effect against memory impairment in rats with AD at least partly via reducing hippocampal AchE activity and enhancement of BDNF levels without a change in antioxidant status. These findings can pave the way for future studies on the usefulness of this herb in AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Taherianfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Beheshti F, Hashemzehi M, Sabeti N, Hashemi Sadr S, Hosseini M. The effects of aminoguanidine on hippocampal cytokines, amyloid beta, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, memory and oxidative stress status in chronically lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Cytokine 2018; 113:347-355. [PMID: 30327173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, the effects of aminoguanidine (AMG) on hippocampal cytokines, amyloid beta (Aβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, oxidative stress status and memory in chronically lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated rats were investigated. METHODS The rats were divided into five groups and were treated: (1) Control (Saline), (2) LPS (1 mg/kg), (3-5) LPS- AMG50, LPS-AMG100, and LPS-AMG150 (AMG 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg 30 min before LPS injection). The treatment started five weeks prior to the behavioral experiments and continued during the behavioral tests (LPS injection two hours before each behavioral evaluation). Finally, the tissue was removed for biochemical measurements. RESULTS The escape latency in Morris water maze test and the latency to enter the dark compartment in passive avoidance test in LPS group were significantly greater than the control group (P < 0.001), while, in LPS-AMG 100 and LPS-AMG150 groups they were less than LPS group (P < 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA), NO metabolites of hippocampal and cortical tissues and interleukin-6 (IL-6), Aβ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) concentration in the hippocampus of LPS group were higher than control group (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). However, in LPS-AMG 100 and LPS-AMG150 group they were lower than LPS group (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). The thiol content and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both cortical and hippocampal tissues of LPS group were reduced compared to the control group (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). These factors enhanced in LPS-AMG 100 and LPS-AMG150 groups compared to LPS (P < 0.001-P < 0.05). The hippocampal content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in LPS group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P < 0.001). All treated groups had higher BDNF content in comparison to LPS group (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the protective effects of AMG against LPS-induced memory were accompanied by decreasing of inflammatory cytokines, Aβ, oxidative stress and increasing of anti-inflammatory mediators and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Basic Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nona Sabeti
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Hashemi Sadr
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Afshar S, Shahidi S, Rohani AH, Komaki A, Asl SS. The effect of NAD-299 and TCB-2 on learning and memory, hippocampal BDNF levels and amyloid plaques in Streptozotocin-induced memory deficits in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2809-2822. [PMID: 30027497 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. The serotonergic system via the 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HT2A receptor is proposed to affect the cognitive process. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effects of NAD-299 (5-HT1AR antagonist) and TCB-2 (5-HT2AR agonist) on learning and memory processes, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, neuronal necrosis, and Aβ plaque production have been investigated on the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory deficits in rats. METHODS Fifty-four adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided into six groups (n = 9 in each group): control, sham-operated, AD (icv-STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μl)), AD+NAD-299 (5 μg/1 μl icv for 30 days), AD+TCB-2 (5 μg/1 μl icv for 30 days), and AD+NAD-299 + TCB-2 (NAD-299 (5 μg/0.5 μl icv) and TCB-2 (5 μg/0.5 μl icv) for 30 days). Following the treatment period, rats were subjected to behavioral tests of learning and memory. Then, hippocampal BDNF, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, and neuronal loss were determined by ELISA Kit, Congo red staining, and Nissl staining, respectively. RESULTS The results of behavioral tests showed that icv-STZ injection decreased the discrimination index in the novel object recognition (NOR) test. In the passive avoidance learning (PAL) task, icv-STZ injection significantly decreased step-through latency (STLr) and increased time spent in dark compartment (TDC). Treatment with NAD-299, TCB-2, and NAD-299 + TCB-2 attenuated the STZ-induced memory impairment in both NOR and PAL tasks. icv-STZ induced a decrease in hippocampal BDNF levels and increased Aβ plaques production in the brain, whereas treatment with NAD-299, TCB-2, and NAD-299 + TCB-2 reduced Aβ plaques in the brain and increased the hippocampal BDNF level. Results of Nissl staining showed that icv-STZ injection increased neuronal loss in the hippocampus, while treatment with NAD-299, TCB-2, and NAD-299 + TCB-2 reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 5-HT1AR blockade by NAD-299 and 5-HT2AR activation by TCB-2 improve cognitive dysfunction in icv-STZ-treated rats, and these drugs may potentially prevent the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Afshar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Haeri Rohani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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31
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Smith AK, Klimov DK. Binding of Cytotoxic Aβ25–35 Peptide to the Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayer. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Smith
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Dmitri K. Klimov
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
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Ishii T, Kimura Y, Ichise M, Takahata K, Kitamura S, Moriguchi S, Kubota M, Zhang MR, Yamada M, Higuchi M, Okubo Y, Suhara T. Anatomical relationships between serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living human brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189318. [PMID: 29220382 PMCID: PMC5722317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors and dopamine D2 receptors are intimately related to the physiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. A large number of studies have reported the effectiveness of psychotropic agents targeting 5-HT2A and D2 receptors in these disorders. In addition to the individual functions of these receptors, the interaction between the two neurotransmitter systems has been studied in the living brain. However, little is known about their regional relationship in individual human brains. We investigated regional relationships between 5-HT2A and D2 receptors using positron emission tomography (PET) and a bicluster analysis of the correlation matrix of individual variation in the two receptor densities to identify groups of distinctive regional correlations between the two receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishii
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kitamura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Can Co-Activation of Nrf2 and Neurotrophic Signaling Pathway Slow Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061168. [PMID: 28561773 PMCID: PMC5485992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted disease that is hard to treat by single-modal treatment. AD starts with amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and later is accompanied with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy dysfunction, resulting in more complicated pathogenesis. Currently, few treatments can modify the complicated pathogenic progress of AD. Compared to the treatment with exogenous antioxidants, the activation of global antioxidant defense system via Nrf2 looks more promising in attenuating oxidative stress in AD brains. Accompanying the activation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system that reduce the AD-causative factor, oxidative stress, it is also necessary to activate the neurotrophic signaling pathway that replaces damaged organelles and molecules with new ones. Thus, the dual actions to activate both the Nrf2 antioxidant system and neurotrophic signaling pathway are expected to provide a better strategy to modify AD pathogenesis. Here, we review the current understanding of AD pathogenesis and neuronal defense systems and discuss a possible way to co-activate the Nrf2 antioxidant system and neurotrophic signaling pathway with the hope of helping to find a better strategy to slow AD.
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Budni J, Feijó DP, Batista-Silva H, Garcez ML, Mina F, Belletini-Santos T, Krasilchik LR, Luz AP, Schiavo GL, Quevedo J. Lithium and memantine improve spatial memory impairment and neuroinflammation induced by β-amyloid 1-42 oligomers in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:84-92. [PMID: 28359852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The main hallmarks of this disease include progressive cognitive dysfunction and an accumulation of soluble oligomers of β-amyloid (Aβ) 1-42 peptide. In this research, we show the effects of lithium and memantine on spatial memory and neuroinflammation in an Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced animal model of dementia in rats. Aβ 1-42 oligomers were administered intrahippocampally to male wistar rats to induce dementia. Oral treatments with memantine (5mg/kg), lithium (5mg/kg), or both drugs in combination were performed over a period of 17days. 14days after the administration of the Aβ1-42 oligomers, the radial arm-maze task was performed. At the end of the test period, the animals were euthanized, and the frontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for use in our analysis. Our results showed that alone treatments with lithium or memantine ameliorate the spatial memory damage caused by Aβ1-42. The animals that received combined doses of lithium and memantine showed better cognitive performance in their latency time and total errors to find food when compared to the results from alone treatments. Moreover, in our study, lithium and/or memantine were able to reverse the decreases observed in the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 that were induced by Aβ1-42 in the frontal cortex. In the hippocampus, only memantine and the association of memantine and lithium were able to reverse this effect. Alone doses of lithium and memantine or the association of lithium and memantine caused reductions in the levels of IL-1β in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and decreased the levels of TNF-α in the hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest that lithium and memantine might be a potential therapy against cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ1-42, and their association may be a promising alternative to be investigated in the treatment of AD-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Budni
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - D P Feijó
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - H Batista-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - M L Garcez
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - F Mina
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - T Belletini-Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L R Krasilchik
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - A P Luz
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - G L Schiavo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - J Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Nie J, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Lu YL, Li LS, Shi JS. Dendrobium alkaloids prevent Aβ 25-35-induced neuronal and synaptic loss via promoting neurotrophic factors expression in mice. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2739. [PMID: 27994964 PMCID: PMC5157189 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal and synaptic loss is the most important risk factor for cognitive impairment. Inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and preventing synaptic loss are promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigate the protective effects of Dendrobium alkaloids (DNLA), a Chinese medicinal herb extract, on β-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced neuron and synaptic loss in mice. METHOD Aβ25-35(10 µg) was injected into the bilateral ventricles of male mice followed by an oral administration of DNLA (40 mg/kg) for 19 days. The Morris water maze was used for evaluating the ability of spatial learning and memory function of mice. The morphological changes were examined via H&E staining and Nissl staining. TUNEL staining was used to check the neuronal apoptosis. The ultrastructure changes of neurons were observed under electron microscope. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cortex. RESULTS DNLA significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced spatial learning and memory impairments in mice. DNLA prevented Aβ25-35-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex, increased the number of Nissl bodies, improved the ultrastructural injury of neurons and increased the number of synapses in neurons. Furthermore, DNLA increased the protein expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, CNTF and GDNF in the hippocampus and cortex. CONCLUSIONS DNLA can prevent neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss. This effect is mediated at least in part via increasing the expression of BDNF, GDNF and CNTF in the hippocampus and cortex; improving Aβ-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , Guizhou Province , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , Guizhou Province , China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , Guizhou Province , China
| | - Li-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College , Zunyi , Guizhou Province , China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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Aβ1-42-induced dysfunction in synchronized gamma oscillation during working memory. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Declercq LD, Vandenberghe R, Van Laere K, Verbruggen A, Bormans G. Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease: The Contribution of PET and SPECT. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:88. [PMID: 27065872 PMCID: PMC4814730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials aiming to develop disease-altering drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with devastating consequences, are failing at an alarming rate. Poorly defined inclusion-and outcome criteria, due to a limited amount of objective biomarkers, is one of the major concerns. Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, positron emission tomography and single photon emission (computed) tomography (PET and SPE(C)T), allow visualization and quantification of a wide variety of (patho)physiological processes and allow early (differential) diagnosis in many disorders. PET and SPECT have the ability to provide biomarkers that permit spatial assessment of pathophysiological molecular changes and therefore objectively evaluate and follow up therapeutic response, especially in the brain. A number of specific PET/SPECT biomarkers used in support of emerging clinical therapies in AD are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven D Declercq
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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Faucher P, Mons N, Micheau J, Louis C, Beracochea DJ. Hippocampal Injections of Oligomeric Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) Induce Selective Working Memory Deficits and Long-lasting Alterations of ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:245. [PMID: 26793098 PMCID: PMC4707555 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal brain accumulation of soluble rather than aggregated amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (Aβo(1-42)) plays a causal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, as yet, animal's models of AD based on oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 injections in the brain have not investigated their long-lasting impacts on molecular and cognitive functions. In addition, the injections have been most often performed in ventricles, but not in the hippocampus, in spite of the fact that the hippocampus is importantly involved in memory processes and is strongly and precociously affected during the early stages of AD. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the long-lasting impacts of intra-hippocampal injections of oligomeric forms of Aβo(1-42) on working and spatial memory and on the related activation of ERK1/2. Indeed, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) which is involved in memory function had been found to be activated by amyloid peptides. We found that repeated bilateral injections (1injection/day over 4 successive days) of oligomeric forms of Aβo(1-42) into the dorsal hippocampus lead to long-lasting impairments in two working memory tasks, these deficits being observed 7 days after the last injection, while spatial memory remained unaffected. Moreover, the working memory deficits were correlated with sustained impairments of ERK1/2 activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the septum, two brain areas tightly connected with the hippocampus and involved in working memory. Thus, our study is first to evidence that sub-chronic injections of oligomeric forms of Aβo(1-42) into the dorsal hippocampus produces the main sign of cognitive impairments corresponding to the early stages of AD, via long-lasting alterations of an ERK/MAPK pathway in an interconnected brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Faucher
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5287 Pessac, France
| | - Nicole Mons
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5287 Pessac, France
| | - Jacques Micheau
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5287 Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Louis
- Institut de Recherches Servier Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Daniel J Beracochea
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5287 Pessac, France
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Huo DS, Sun JF, Zhang B, Yan XS, Wang H, Jia JX, Yang ZJ. Protective effects of testosterone on cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease model rats induced by oligomeric beta amyloid peptide 1-42. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:856-863. [PMID: 27599231 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1193114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is known to be influenced by circulating sex steroidal hormones. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect and possible protective mechanism of testosterone (T) on cognitive performance in male rats induced by intrahippocampal injections of beta amyloid 1-42 oligomers (Aβ1-42). Treatment with T as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM) test significantly shortened escape latency and reduced path length to reach the platform compared to the control (C). During probe trials, the T group displayed a significantly greater percent of time in the target quadrant and improved the number of platform crossings compared with C, flutamide (F), an antiandrogen, and a combined F and T group. Flutamide markedly inhibited the influence of T on cognitive performance. Following Nissl staining, the number of intact pyramidal cells was significantly elevated in the T group, and the effect of T was blocked by F. Immunohistochemisty and Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression level of Aβ 1-42 was markedly decreased and expression levels of synaptophysin (SYN) significantly increased with T, while F inhibited all T-mediated effects. Our data suggest that the influence of T on cognitive performance was mediated via androgen receptors (AR) to remove beta amyloid, which leads to enhanced synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Huo
- a Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- b The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Baifeng Zhang
- a Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Xu-Sheng Yan
- a Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - He Wang
- c School of Health Sciences , University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Jian-Xin Jia
- a Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Zhan-Jun Yang
- a Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou , Inner Mongolia , China
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Singh A, Kumar A. Microglial Inhibitory Mechanism of Coenzyme Q10 Against Aβ (1-42) Induced Cognitive Dysfunctions: Possible Behavioral, Biochemical, Cellular, and Histopathological Alterations. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:268. [PMID: 26617520 PMCID: PMC4637408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating disease with complex pathophysiology. Amyloid beta (Aβ) (1-42) is a reliable model of AD that recapitulates many aspects of human AD. Objective: The intent of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its modulation by minocycline (microglial inhibitor) against Aβ (1-42) induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Method: Intrahippocampal (i.h.) Aβ (1-42) (1 μg/μl; 4μl/site) were administered followed by drug treatment with galantamine (2 mg/kg), CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg), minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) and their combinations for a period of 21 days. Various neurobehavioral parameters followed by biochemical, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level, proinflammatory markers (TNF-α), mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes (I-IV) and histopathological examinations were assessed. Results: Aβ (1-42) administration significantly impaired cognitive performance in Morris water maze (MWM) performance test, causes oxidative stress, raised AChE level, caused neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and histopathological alterations as compared to sham treatment. Treatment with CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg) and minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) alone for 21 days significantly improved cognitive performance as evidenced by reduced transfer latency and increased time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ), reduced AChE activity, oxidative damage (reduced LPO, nitrite level and restored SOD, catalase and GHS levels), TNF-α level, restored mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex (I, II, III, IV) activities and histopathological alterations as compared to Aβ (1-42) treated animals. Further, combinations of minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg) with CoQ10 (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly modulates the protective effect of CoQ10 dose dependently as compared to their effect alone. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 could be due to its microglia inhibitory mechanism along with its mitochondrial restoring and anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
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Zhang G, Stackman RW. The role of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in memory and cognition. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26500553 PMCID: PMC4594018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous system, especially in brain region essential for learning and cognition. In addition to endogenous 5-HT, several hallucinogens, antipsychotics, and antidepressants function by targeting 5-HT2ARs. Preclinical studies show that 5-HT2AR antagonists have antipsychotic and antidepressant properties, whereas agonist ligands possess cognition-enhancing and hallucinogenic properties. Abnormal 5-HT2AR activity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders and conditions, including depression, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. In addition to its traditional activity as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), recent studies have defined novel operations of 5-HT2ARs. Here we review progress in the (1) receptor anatomy and biology: distribution, signaling, polymerization and allosteric modulation; and (2) receptor functions: learning and memory, hallucination and spatial cognition, and mental disorders. Based on the recent progress in basic research on the 5-HT2AR, it appears that post-training 5-HT2AR activation enhances non-spatial memory consolidation, while pre-training 5-HT2AR activation facilitates fear extinction. Further, the potential influence that 5-HT2AR-elicited visual hallucinations may have on visual cue (i.e., landmark) guided spatial cognition is discussed. We conclude that the development of selective 5-HT2AR modulators to target distinct signaling pathways and neural circuits represents a new possibility for treating emotional, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongliang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China ; Department of Biology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL, USA ; Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL, USA
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL, USA
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Li YP, Yang GJ, Jin L, Yang HM, Chen J, Chai GS, Wang L. Erythropoietin attenuates Alzheimer-like memory impairments and pathological changes induced by amyloid β42 in mice. Brain Res 2015; 1618:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tong Y, Sun Y, Tian X, Zhou T, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhan R, Zhao L, Kuerban B, Li Z, Wang Q, Jin Y, Fan D, Guo X, Han H, Qin S, Chui D. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) deficiency accelerates memory dysfunction through altering amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5388-403. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Lower Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Predicts Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:326-32. [PMID: 26138246 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is little information on the dynamics of BDNF in the CSF in the continuum between healthy aging, MCI and AD. We included 128 older adults (77 with amnestic MCI, 26 with AD and 25 healthy controls). CSF BDNF level was measured by ELISA assay, and AD biomarkers (Aβ42, T-Tau and P-Tau181) were measured using a Luminex xMAP assay. CSF BDNF levels were significantly reduced in AD subjects compared to MCI and healthy controls (p = 0.009). Logistic regression models showed that lower CSF BDNF levels (p = 0.008), lower CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.005) and lower MMSE scores (p = 0.007) are significantly associated with progression from MCI to AD. The present study adds strong evidence of the involvement of BDNF in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative changes in AD. Interventions aiming to restore central neurotrophic support may represent future therapeutic targets to prevent or delay the progression from MCI to AD.
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Li J, Ding X, Zhang R, Jiang W, Sun X, Xia Z, Wang X, Wu E, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Harpagoside ameliorates the amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment in rats via up-regulating BDNF expression and MAPK/PI3K pathways. Neuroscience 2015; 303:103-14. [PMID: 26135675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
So far, no effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) aiming at protecting or reversing neurodegeneration of the disease have been established yet. The present work aims to elucidate the effect of Harpagoside (abbreviated HAR), an iridoid glycosides purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Scrophularia ningpoensis, on neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Here we show that HAR exerts neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Rats injected aggregated Aβ₁₋₄₀ into the bilateral hippocampus displayed impaired spatial learning and memory ability in a Y-maze test and novel object recognition test, while HAR treatment ameliorated Aβ₁₋₄₀-induced behavioral deficits. Moreover, administration of HAR increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activated the extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Aβ₁₋₄₀-insulted rat model. Furthermore, in cultured primary cortical neurons, Aβ₁₋₄₂ induced significant decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neuron number and neurite outgrowth length, both of which were dose dependently increased by HAR. In addition, HAR pretreatment also significantly attenuated the decrease of cell viability in Aβ₁₋₄₂-injured primary cortical neurons. Finally, when K252a, an inhibitor of Trk tyrosine kinases, and a BDNF neutralizing antibody were added to the culture medium 2 h prior to HAR addition, the protective effect of HAR on Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced neurodegeneration in the primary cortical neuron was almost inhibited. Taken together, HAR exerting neuroprotection effect and ameliorating learning and memory deficit appears to be associated, at least in part, with up-regulation of BDNF content as well as activating its downstream signaling pathways, e.g., MAPK/PI3K pathways. It raises the possibility that HAR has potential to be a therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - R Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Sun
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Xia
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - E Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Y Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Y Hu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Plasma BDNF levels associate with Pittsburgh compound B binding in the brain. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2015. [PMID: 26207261 PMCID: PMC4507280 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. BDNF function is adversely affected by amyloid beta in AD. BDNF levels in brain and peripheral tissues are lower in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than in controls. Here we examined the association between plasma levels of BDNF and amyloid deposition in the brain measured with Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB). Method Our data set consisted of 18 AD, 56 MCI, and 3 normal control Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 (ADNI1) subjects with available [11C] PiB and peripheral blood protein data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-coregistered positron emission tomography data were smoothed with a 15 mm kernel and mapped onto three-dimensional (3D) hemispheric models using the warping deformations computed in cortical pattern matching of the associated MRI scans. We applied linear regression to examine in 3D the associations between BDNF and PiB standard uptake value ratio, while adjusting for age and sex. We used permutation statistics thresholded at P < .01 for multiple comparisons correction. Results Plasma BDNF levels showed significant negative associations with left greater than right amyloid burden in the lateral temporal, inferior parietal, inferior frontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal regions (left Pcorrected = .03). Conclusions As hypothesized, lower plasma levels of BDNF were significantly associated with widespread brain amyloidosis.
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Kheirbakhsh R, Chinisaz M, Khodayari S, Amanpour S, Dehpour AR, Muhammadnejad A, Larijani B, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Injection of insulin amyloid fibrils in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats: report on memory impairment and formation of amyloid plaques. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1411-6. [PMID: 25787810 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils result from a particular type of protein aggregation, and have been linked with various disorders, including neurodegenerative ones. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta (abeta) fibrils are detected in patients' brain, in the amyloid plaques. These fibrils can be produced in vitro, and their injection into animals' brains generates an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the structural similarity of amyloid fibrils that are formed from different proteins, we hypothesized that injecting insulin amyloid fibrils into rats' brains could result in amyloid plaque formation. Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups (n = 7). The experimental group was bilaterally injected with insulin amyloid in the hippocampus. Seven days after injection, a shuttle box test was performed and the experimental group's memory was found to be impaired. Histological investigation of these rats' brain showed the formation of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus. A limited test has provided preliminary evidence for the stability of these plaques up to 35 days. Further complementary studies are required to fully validate the proposed procedure, which is simple and relatively low cost, and could be suggested as an alternative to models generated with abeta fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Kheirbakhsh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Avenue, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
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Liu A, Zhao X, Li H, Liu Z, Liu B, Mao X, Guo L, Bi K, Jia Y. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, an antioxidant agent from Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. improves cognitive impairment in Aβ1–42 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:719-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bai W, Yi H, Liu T, Wei J, Tian X. Incoordination between spikes and LFPs in Aβ1-42-mediated memory deficits in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:411. [PMID: 25505877 PMCID: PMC4245911 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually induces cognitive deficits. Impairments of working memory have been typically observed in AD. It is well known that spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) as well as the coordination between them encode information in normal brain function. However, the abnormal coordination between spikes and LFPs in the cognitive deficits of AD has remained largely unexplored. As amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a causative factor for the cognitive impairments of AD, developing a mechanistic understanding of the contribution of Aβ to cognitive impairments may yield important insights into the pathophysiology of AD. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded spikes and LFPs from multiple electrodes implanted in the prefrontal cortex of rats (control and intra-hippocampal Aβ injection group) that performed a Y-maze working memory task. The information changes in spikes and LFPs during the task were assessed by calculation of entropy. Then the coordination between spikes and LFPs was estimated by the correlation of LFP entropy and spike entropy. Compared with the control group, the Aβ group showed significantly weaker coordination between spikes and LFPs. Our results indicate that the incoordination between spikes and LFPs may provide a potential mechanism for the cognitive deficits in working memory of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Hu Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Tiaotiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
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Stilling RM, Rönicke R, Benito E, Urbanke H, Capece V, Burkhardt S, Bahari-Javan S, Barth J, Sananbenesi F, Schütz AL, Dyczkowski J, Martinez-Hernandez A, Kerimoglu C, Dent SYR, Bonn S, Reymann KG, Fischer A. K-Lysine acetyltransferase 2a regulates a hippocampal gene expression network linked to memory formation. EMBO J 2014; 33:1912-27. [PMID: 25024434 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201487870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal histone acetylation has been linked to memory consolidation, and targeting histone acetylation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the role of histone-modifying enzymes in the adult brain is still far from being understood. Here we use RNA sequencing to screen the levels of all known histone acetyltransferases (HATs) in the hippocampal CA1 region and find that K-acetyltransferase 2a (Kat2a)--a HAT that has not been studied for its role in memory function so far--shows highest expression. Mice that lack Kat2a show impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and long-term memory consolidation. We furthermore show that Kat2a regulates a highly interconnected hippocampal gene expression network linked to neuroactive receptor signaling via a mechanism that involves nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In conclusion, our data establish Kat2a as a novel and essential regulator of hippocampal memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Stilling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raik Rönicke
- Research group for Pathophysiology in Dementia, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Benito
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Urbanke
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Capece
- Research group for Computational Analysis of Biological Networks, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Burkhardt
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sanaz Bahari-Javan
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Barth
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna L Schütz
- Research group for Computational Analysis of Biological Networks, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jerzy Dyczkowski
- Research group for Computational Analysis of Biological Networks, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Martinez-Hernandez
- Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Research group for Computational Analysis of Biological Networks, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus G Reymann
- Research group for Pathophysiology in Dementia, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Research group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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