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Xin Z, Qin L, Tang Y, Guo S, Li F, Fang Y, Li G, Yao Y, Zheng B, Zhang B, Wu D, Xiao J, Ni C, Wei Q, Zhang T. Immune mediated support of metastasis: Implication for bone invasion. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39003618 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common organ affected by metastasis in various advanced cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, and melanoma. Once a patient is diagnosed with bone metastasis, the patient's quality of life and overall survival are significantly reduced owing to a wide range of morbidities and the increasing difficulty of treatment. Many studies have shown that bone metastasis is closely related to bone microenvironment, especially bone immune microenvironment. However, the effects of various immune cells in the bone microenvironment on bone metastasis remain unclear. Here, we described the changes in various immune cells during bone metastasis and discussed their related mechanisms. Osteoblasts, adipocytes, and other non-immune cells closely related to bone metastasis were also included. This review also summarized the existing treatment methods and potential therapeutic targets, and provided insights for future studies of cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Luying Qin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gege Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dang Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ni
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
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Ciapała K, Rojewska E, Pawlik K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J. Analgesic Effects of Fisetin, Peimine, Astaxanthin, Artemisinin, Bardoxolone Methyl and 740 Y-P and Their Influence on Opioid Analgesia in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109000. [PMID: 37240346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuropathic pain remains a challenge for modern medicine due to the insufficiently understood molecular mechanisms of its development and maintenance. One of the most important cascades that modulate the nociceptive response is the family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nonselective modulators of MAP kinases-fisetin (ERK1/2 and NFκB inhibitor, PI3K activator), peimine (MAPK inhibitor), astaxanthin (MAPK inhibitor, Nrf2 activator) and artemisinin (MAPK inhibitor, NFκB activator), as well as bardoxolone methyl (selective activator of Nrf2) and 740 Y-P (selective activator of PI3K)-in mice with peripheral neuropathy and to compare their antinociceptive potency and examine their effect on analgesia induced by opioids. The study was performed using albino Swiss male mice that were exposed to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI model). Tactile and thermal hypersensitivity was measured using von Frey and cold plate tests, respectively. Single doses of substances were administered intrathecally on day 7 after CCI. Among the tested substances, fisetin, peimine, and astaxanthin effectively diminished tactile and thermal hypersensitivity in mice after CCI, while artemisinin did not exhibit analgesic potency in this model of neuropathic pain. Additionally, both of the activators tested, bardoxolone methyl and 740 Y-P, also showed analgesic effects after intrathecal administration in mice exposed to CCI. In the case of astaxanthin and bardoxolone methyl, an increase in analgesia after combined administration with morphine, buprenorphine, and/or oxycodone was observed. Fisetin and peimine induced a similar effect on tactile hypersensitivity, where analgesia was enhanced after administration of morphine or oxycodone. In the case of 740 Y-P, the effects of combined administration with each opioid were observed only in the case of thermal hypersensitivity. The results of our research clearly indicate that substances that inhibit all three MAPKs provide pain relief and improve opioid effectiveness, especially if they additionally block NF-κB, such as peimine, inhibit NF-κB and activate PI3K, such as fisetin, or activate Nrf2, such as astaxanthin. In light of our research, Nrf2 activation appears to be particularly beneficial. The abovementioned substances bring promising results, and further research on them will broaden our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of neuropathy and perhaps contribute to the development of more effective therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ciechanowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Pang J, Xin P, Kong Y, Wang Z, Wang X. Resolvin D2 Reduces Chronic Neuropathic Pain and Bone Cancer Pain via Spinal Inhibition of IL-17 Secretion, CXCL1 Release and Astrocyte Activation in Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010152. [PMID: 36672133 PMCID: PMC9856778 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain burdens patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Pain control remains urgently required. IL-17 (interleukin-17)-mediated neuroinflammation is of unique importance in spinal nociceptive transduction in pathological pain development. Recently, resolvin D2 (RvD2), as a bioactive, specialized pro-resolving mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, exhibits potent resolution of inflammation in several neurological disorders. This preclinical study evaluates the therapeutic potential and underlying targets of RvD2 in two mouse models of chronic pain, including sciatic nerve ligation-caused neuropathic pain and sarcoma-caused bone cancer pain. Herein, we report that repetitive injections of RvD2 (intrathecal, 500 ng) reduce the initiation of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia following sciatic nerve damage and bone cancer. Single exposure to RvD2 (intrathecal, 500 ng) attenuates the established neuropathic pain and bone cancer pain. Furthermore, systemic RvD2 (intravenous, 5 μg) therapy is effective in attenuating chronic pain behaviors. Strikingly, RvD2 treatment suppresses spinal IL-17 overexpression, chemokine CXCL1 release and astrocyte activation in mice undergoing sciatic nerve trauma and bone cancer. Pharmacological neutralization of IL-17 ameliorates chronic neuropathic pain and persistent bone cancer pain, as well as reducing spinal CXCL1 release. Recombinant IL-17-evoked acute pain behaviors and spinal CXCL1 release are mitigated after RvD2 administration. In addition, RvD2 treatment dampens exogenous CXCL1-caused transient pain phenotypes. Overall, these current findings identify that RvD2 therapy is effective against the initiation and persistence of long-lasting neuropathic pain and bone cancer pain, which may be through spinal down-modulation of IL-17 secretion, CXCL1 release and astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pengfei Xin
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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Non-kinase targeting of oncogenic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling: the future of clinically viable cancer treatments. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1823-1836. [PMID: 36454622 PMCID: PMC9788565 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) have been identified as key disease drivers in a number of pathophysiological settings and central oncogenic signaling nodes in various cancers. Their roles in driving primary tumor growth, positively regulating cancer stem cell populations, promoting invasion and facilitating metastatic outgrowth have led JNKs to be considered attractive targets for anti-cancer therapies. However, the homeostatic, apoptotic and tumor-suppressive activities of JNK proteins limit the use of direct JNK inhibitors in a clinical setting. In this review, we will provide an overview of the different JNK targeting strategies developed to date, which include various ATP-competitive, non-kinase and substrate-competitive inhibitors. We aim to summarize their distinct mechanisms of action, review some of the insights they have provided regarding JNK-targeting in cancer, and outline the limitations as well as challenges of all strategies that target JNKs directly. Furthermore, we will highlight alternate drug targets within JNK signaling complexes, including recently identified scaffold proteins, and discuss how these findings may open up novel therapeutic options for targeting discrete oncogenic JNK signaling complexes in specific cancer settings.
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6
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly controlled pain, thus new or improved treatments are desperately needed. One major challenge in pain research is the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical practice. The local neuroimmune interface plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain and is therefore a promising target for novel therapeutic development. Neurons interface with immune and immunocompetent cells in many distinct microenvironments along the nociceptive circuitry. The local neuroimmune interface can modulate the activity and property of the neurons to affect peripheral and central sensitization. In this review, we highlight a specific subset of many neuroimmune interfaces. In the central nervous system, we examine the interface between neurons and microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. In the periphery, we profile the interface between neurons in the dorsal root ganglion with T lymphocytes, satellite glial cells, and macrophages. To bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, we review the preclinical studies of each neuroimmune interface, discuss current clinical treatments in pain medicine that may exert its action at the neuroimmune interface, and highlight opportunities for future clinical research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Xu Z, Chu M. Advances in Immunosuppressive Agents Based on Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917162. [PMID: 35694243 PMCID: PMC9178660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune abnormality involves in various diseases, such as infection, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, as well as transplantation. Several signal pathways have been demonstrated to play a central role in the immune response, including JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT-mTOR, MAPK, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, in which multiple targets have been used to develop immunosuppressive agents. In recent years, varieties of immunosuppressive agents have been approved for clinical use, such as the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which have shown good therapeutic effects. Additionally, many immunosuppressive agents are still in clinical trials or preclinical studies. In this review, we classified the immunosuppressive agents according to the immunopharmacological mechanisms, and summarized the phase of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Pua LJW, Mai CW, Chung FFL, Khoo ASB, Leong CO, Lim WM, Hii LW. Functional Roles of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031108. [PMID: 35163030 PMCID: PMC8834850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members integrate signals that affect proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration in a cell context- and cell type-specific way. JNK and p38 MAPK activities are found upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling can promote NPC oncogenesis by mechanisms within the cancer cells and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. They regulate multiple transcription activities and contribute to tumor-promoting processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis, inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Current literature suggests that JNK and p38 MAPK activation may exert pro-tumorigenic functions in NPC, though the underlying mechanisms are not well documented and have yet to be fully explored. Here, we aim to provide a narrative review of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human cancers with a primary focus on NPC. We also discuss the potential therapeutic agents that could be used to target JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC, along with perspectives for future works. We aim to inspire future studies further delineating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC oncogenesis which might offer important insights for better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- AGTC Genomics, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
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Warfield AE, Prather JF, Todd WD. Systems and Circuits Linking Chronic Pain and Circadian Rhythms. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:705173. [PMID: 34276301 PMCID: PMC8284721 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.705173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the last 20 years regarding the link between circadian rhythms and chronic pain pathology has suggested interconnected mechanisms that are not fully understood. Strong evidence for a bidirectional relationship between circadian function and pain has been revealed through inflammatory and immune studies as well as neuropathic ones. However, one limitation of many of these studies is a focus on only a few molecules or cell types, often within only one region of the brain or spinal cord, rather than systems-level interactions. To address this, our review will examine the circadian system as a whole, from the intracellular genetic machinery that controls its timing mechanism to its input and output circuits, and how chronic pain, whether inflammatory or neuropathic, may mediate or be driven by changes in these processes. We will investigate how rhythms of circadian clock gene expression and behavior, immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, intracellular signaling, and glial cells affect and are affected by chronic pain in animal models and human pathologies. We will also discuss key areas in both circadian rhythms and chronic pain that are sexually dimorphic. Understanding the overlapping mechanisms and complex interplay between pain and circadian mediators, the various nuclei they affect, and how they differ between sexes, will be crucial to move forward in developing treatments for chronic pain and for determining how and when they will achieve their maximum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William D. Todd
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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De Logu F, Marini M, Landini L, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Bartalucci N, Trevisan G, Bruno G, Marangoni M, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P, Nassini R. Peripheral Nerve Resident Macrophages and Schwann Cells Mediate Cancer-Induced Pain. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3387-3401. [PMID: 33771895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although macrophages (MΦ) are known to play a central role in neuropathic pain, their contribution to cancer pain has not been established. Here we report that depletion of sciatic nerve resident MΦs (rMΦ) in mice attenuates mechanical/cold hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain evoked by intraplantar injection of melanoma or lung carcinoma cells. MΦ-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was upregulated in the sciatic nerve trunk and mediated cancer-evoked pain via rMΦ expansion, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation, and oxidative stress. Targeted deletion of Trpa1 revealed a key role for Schwann cell TRPA1 in sciatic nerve rMΦ expansion and pain-like behaviors. Depletion of rMΦs in a medial portion of the sciatic nerve prevented pain-like behaviors. Collectively, we identified a feed-forward pathway involving M-CSF, rMΦ, oxidative stress, and Schwann cell TRPA1 that operates throughout the nerve trunk to signal cancer-evoked pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Schwann cell TRPA1 sustains cancer pain through release of M-CSF and oxidative stress, which promote the expansion and the proalgesic actions of intraneural macrophages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3387/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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11
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JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
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12
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Effects of Curcumin Treatment in a Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Model of Rats: Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Located in the Astrocytes and Neurons of the Dorsal Root Ganglion. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:8787231. [PMID: 33532012 PMCID: PMC7837777 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8787231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major component of turmeric, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. from the family Zingiberaceae. It is used as a dietary pigment for curry and in traditional Indian medicine for its anti-inflammatory and attenuating pain effects. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of curcumin in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Additionally, we investigated the involvement of the phosphorylated form of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK) located in the neurons and astrocytes of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). To induce diabetic neuropathic pain in rats, 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected. After 4 weeks, rats were administered the vehicle, 10 mg/kg/day curcumin, or 50 mg/kg/day curcumin orally for 4 consecutive weeks. One day after the final drug administration, we performed behavioral tests to measure responses of rats to mechanical, heat, cold, and acetone-induced cold stimuli. After behavioral tests, pJNK expression in the DRG was evaluated using western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. Curcumin treatment for 4 consecutive weeks in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats improved behavioral responses to mechanical, cold, and thermal stimuli. Increased pJNK expression in the astrocytes and neurons of the DRG in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats was reduced by curcumin treatment for 4 consecutive weeks. We suggest that curcumin can be an option for the treatment of diabetes-related neuropathic pain, and one of the mechanisms that underlie the action of curcumin may involve pJNK expression in the astrocytes and neurons of the DRG.
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13
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Ray D, Yun YC, Idris M, Cheng S, Boot A, Iain TBH, Rozen SG, Tan P, Epstein DM. A tumor-associated splice-isoform of MAP2K7 drives dedifferentiation in MBNL1-low cancers via JNK activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16391-16400. [PMID: 32601196 PMCID: PMC7368273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002499117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Master splicing regulator MBNL1 shapes large transcriptomic changes that drive cellular differentiation during development. Here we demonstrate that MBNL1 is a suppressor of tumor dedifferentiation. We surveyed MBNL1 expression in matched tumor/normal pairs across The Cancer Genome Atlas and found that MBNL1 was down-regulated in several common cancers. Down-regulation of MBNL1 predicted poor overall survival in breast, lung, and stomach adenocarcinomas and increased relapse and distant metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Down-regulation of MBNL1 led to increased tumorigenic and stem/progenitor-like properties in vitro and in vivo. A discrete set of alternative splicing events (ASEs) are shared between MBNL1-low cancers and embryonic stem cells including a MAP2K7∆exon2 splice variant that leads to increased stem/progenitor-like properties via JNK activation. Accordingly, JNK inhibition is capable of reversing MAP2K7∆exon2-driven tumor dedifferentiation in MBNL1-low cancer cells. Our work elucidates an alternative-splicing mechanism that drives tumor dedifferentiation and identifies biomarkers that predict enhanced susceptibility to JNK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debleena Ray
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore;
| | - Yu Chye Yun
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Idris
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Bee Huat Iain
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 169610 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Epstein
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 165897 Singapore, Singapore;
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14
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Wang K, Gu Y, Liao Y, Bang S, Donnelly CR, Chen O, Tao X, Mirando AJ, Hilton MJ, Ji RR. PD-1 blockade inhibits osteoclast formation and murine bone cancer pain. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3603-3620. [PMID: 32484460 PMCID: PMC7324182 DOI: 10.1172/jci133334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging immune therapy, such as with the anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibody nivolumab, has shown efficacy in tumor suppression. Patients with terminal cancer suffer from cancer pain as a result of bone metastasis and bone destruction, but how PD-1 blockade affects bone cancer pain remains unknown. Here, we report that mice lacking Pdcd1 (Pd1-/-) demonstrated remarkable protection against bone destruction induced by femoral inoculation of Lewis lung cancer cells. Compared with WT mice, Pd1-/- mice exhibited increased baseline pain sensitivity, but the development of bone cancer pain was compromised in Pd1-/- mice. Consistently, these beneficial effects in Pd1-/- mice were recapitulated by repeated i.v. applications of nivolumab in WT mice, even though nivolumab initially increased mechanical and thermal pain. Notably, PD-1 deficiency or nivolumab treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis without altering tumor burden. PD-L1 and CCL2 are upregulated within the local tumor microenvironment, and PD-L1 promoted RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through JNK activation and CCL2 secretion. Bone cancer upregulated CCR2 in primary sensory neurons, and CCR2 antagonism effectively reduced bone cancer pain. Our findings suggest that, despite a transient increase in pain sensitivity following each treatment, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy could produce long-term benefits in preventing bone destruction and alleviating bone cancer pain by suppressing osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Yun Gu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Yihan Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Sangsu Bang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | | | - Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | | | | | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Cell Biology, and
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Wu Q, Wu W, Jacevic V, Franca TCC, Wang X, Kuca K. Selective inhibitors for JNK signalling: a potential targeted therapy in cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:574-583. [PMID: 31994958 PMCID: PMC7034130 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1720013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling regulates both cancer cell apoptosis and survival. Emerging evidence show that JNK promoted tumour progression is involved in various cancers, that include human pancreatic-, lung-, and breast cancer. The pro-survival JNK oncoprotein functions in a cell context- and cell type-specific manner to affect signal pathways that modulate tumour initiation, proliferation, and migration. JNK is therefore considered a potential oncogenic target for cancer therapy. Currently, designing effective and specific JNK inhibitors is an active area in the cancer treatment. Some ATP-competitive inhibitors of JNK, such as SP600125 and AS601245, are widely used in vitro; however, this type of inhibitor lacks specificity as they indiscriminately inhibit phosphorylation of all JNK substrates. Moreover, JNK has at least three isoforms with different functions in cancer development and identifying specific selective inhibitors is crucial for the development of targeted therapy in cancer. Some selective inhibitors of JNK are identified; however, their clinical studies in cancer are relatively less conducted. In this review, we first summarised the function of JNK signalling in cancer progression; there is a focus on the discussion of the novel selective JNK inhibitors as potential targeting therapy in cancer. Finally, we have offered a future perspective of the selective JNK inhibitors in the context of cancer therapies. We hope this review will help to further understand the role of JNK in cancer progression and provide insight into the design of novel selective JNK inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jacevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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16
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Abstract
Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic pain, may result from astrocyte 'gliopathy'. Indeed, in recent years there has been substantial progress in our understanding of how astrocytes can regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission via neuronal-glial and glial-glial cell interactions, as well as the involvement of spinal and supraspinal astrocytes in the modulation of pain signalling and the maintenance of neuropathic pain. A role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic itch is also emerging. These developments suggest that targeting the specific pathways that are responsible for astrogliopathy may represent a novel approach to develop therapies for chronic pain and chronic itch.
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17
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Eshraghi AA, Aranke M, Salvi R, Ding D, Coleman JK, Ocak E, Mittal R, Meyer T. Preclinical and clinical otoprotective applications of cell-penetrating peptide D-JNKI-1 (AM-111). Hear Res 2018; 368:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Schellino R, Boido M, Borsello T, Vercelli A. Pharmacological c-Jun NH 2-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Pathway Inhibition Reduces Severity of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Disease in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:308. [PMID: 30233310 PMCID: PMC6131195 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in early childhood. The disease is caused by the deletion/mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene resulting in progressive skeletal muscle atrophy and paralysis, due to the degeneration of spinal motor neurons (MNs). Currently, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MN death are only partly known, although recently it has been shown that the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-signaling pathway might be involved in the SMA pathogenesis. After confirming the activation of JNK in our SMA mouse model (SMN2+/+; SMNΔ7+/+; Smn−/−), we tested a specific JNK-inhibitor peptide (D-JNKI1) on these mice, by chronic administration from postnatal day 1 to 10, and histologically analyzed the spinal cord and quadriceps muscle at age P12. We observed that D-JNKI1 administration delayed MN death and decreased inflammation in spinal cord. Moreover, the inhibition of JNK pathway improved the trophism of SMA muscular fibers and the size of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), leading to an ameliorated innervation of the muscles that resulted in improved motor performances and hind-limb muscular tone. Finally, D-JNKI1 treatment slightly, but significantly increased lifespan in SMA mice. Thus, our results identify JNK as a promising target to reduce MN cell death and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy, providing insight into the role of JNK-pathway for developing alternative pharmacological strategies for the treatment of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy
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19
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Ke J, Wei Y, Ji H, Qian Z, Liu L, Tao J. Inhibition of A-Type K+ Channels by Urotensin-II Induces Sensory Neuronal Hyperexcitability Through the PKCα-ERK Pathway. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2253-2263. [PMID: 29648633 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated urotensin-II in the nociception of sensory neurons. However, to date the relevant mechanisms remain unknown. In the current study we determined the role of urotensin-II in the regulation of transient outward A-type potassium currents (IA) and neuronal excitability in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. We found that application of urotensin-II to small-diameter TG neurons decreased IA in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the delayed rectifier potassium current was unaffected. The IA decrease induced by urotensin-II depended on the urotensin-II receptor (UT-R) and was associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation curve. Exposure of TG cells to urotensin-II markedly increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and PKC inhibition eliminated the UT-R-mediated IA decrease. Antagonism of PKCα, either pharmacologically or genetically, but not of PKCβ prevented the decrease in IA induced by urotensin-II. Analysis of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) revealed that urotensin-II significantly increased the expression level of p-ERK, whereas p-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase remained unchanged. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK signaling by the kinase antagonist U0126 and PD98059 completely abolished the UT-R-mediated IA decrease. Moreover, urotensin-II significantly increased the action potential firing rate of small TG neurons; pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine prevented this effect. In summary, our findings suggest that urotensin-II selectively attenuated IA through stimulation of the PKCα-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This UT-R-dependent mechanism might contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability in TG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics & Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ke
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyi Ji
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Department of Geriatrics & Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cicenas J, Zalyte E, Rimkus A, Dapkus D, Noreika R, Urbonavicius S. JNK, p38, ERK, and SGK1 Inhibitors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 10:cancers10010001. [PMID: 29267206 PMCID: PMC5789351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) are a family of kinases that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in the response to growth factors like latelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stress, such as ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock. The MAP kinase family consists of four major subfamilies of related proteins (extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular regulated kinase 5 (ERK5)) and regulates numerous cellular activities, such as apoptosis, gene expression, mitosis, differentiation, and immune responses. The deregulation of these kinases is shown to be involved in human diseases, such as cancer, immune diseases, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders. The awareness of the therapeutic potential of the inhibition of MAP kinases led to a thorough search for small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we discuss some of the most well-known MAP kinase inhibitors and their use in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- Department for Microbiology, Immunbiology und Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna AT-1030, Austria.
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Egle Zalyte
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arnas Rimkus
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Dalius Dapkus
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, 08106 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Remigijus Noreika
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, 08106 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Sigitas Urbonavicius
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Viborg Hospital, Heibergs Alle 4, 8800 Viborg, Denmark.
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21
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Wang J, Tai G. Role of C-Jun N-terminal Kinase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Target Oncol 2017; 11:723-738. [PMID: 27392951 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequently occurring cancers and the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Identification of the signaling pathways regulating liver carcinogenesis is critical for developing novel chemoprevention and targeted therapies. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of a larger group of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases known as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. JNK is an important signaling component that converts external stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as the development of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer growth, and metabolic diseases. Because of the essential roles of JNK in these cellular functions, deregulated JNK is often found to contribute to the development of HCC. Recently, the functions and molecular mechanisms of JNK in HCC development have been addressed using mouse models and human HCC cell lines. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate that the activation of JNK by oncogenes can promote the development of cancers by regulating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway, which makes the oncogenes/JNK/Smad signaling pathway an attractive target for cancer therapy. Additionally, JNK-targeted therapy has a broad potential for clinical applications. In summary, we are convinced that promising new avenues for the treatment of HCC by targeting JNK are on the horizon, which will undoubtedly lead to better, more effective, and faster therapies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Jilin, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Jilin, Changchun, 130021, China.
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Jin J, Degan S, Tameze Y, Zhang JY. MALT1 promotes melanoma progression through JNK/c-Jun signaling. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e365. [PMID: 28759024 PMCID: PMC5541718 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) is a lymphoma oncogene that regulates signal transduction as a paracaspase and an adaptor protein. Yet, the role of MALT1 in other solid cancers such as melanoma is not well-understood. Here, we demonstrate that MALT1 is overexpressed in malignant melanoma cells, and predicts a poor disease-free survival. MALT1 inhibition via shRNA-mediated gene silencing or pharmacologically with MI-2 compound markedly reduced cell growth and migration of A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor growth analysis revealed that MALT1 gene silencing significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lung. Consistently, the subcutaneous tumors with MALT1 loss had increased cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation. In addition, these tumors showed signs of mesenchymal–epithelial transition as indicated by the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and β1-intergrin. Further molecular analysis revealed that MALT1 is required for c-Jun and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by tumor necrosis factor-α. Forced expression of the c-Jun upstream activator MKK7 reversed the cell growth and migration defects caused by MALT1 loss. In contrast, NF-κB activation via expression of p65ER, a fusion protein containing NF-κB p65 and the tamoxifen-responsive mutant estrogen receptor, induced minimal effects on cell proliferation, but diminished cell death induced by MALT1 loss and TRAIL treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate that MALT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and motility through JNK/c-Jun, and enhances melanoma cell survival through NF-κB, underscoring MALT1 as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Y Tameze
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Rigo FK, Trevisan G, De Prá SDT, Cordeiro MN, Borges MH, Silva JF, Santa Cecilia FV, de Souza AH, de Oliveira Adamante G, Milioli AM, de Castro Junior CJ, Ferreira J, Gomez MV. The spider toxin Phα1β recombinant possesses strong analgesic activity. Toxicon 2017; 133:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Novel tumor-suppressor function of KLF4 in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 53:16-25. [PMID: 28479419 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in pediatric patients. Despite advances in the treatment of this disease, many children with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) die from disease relapse due to low responses to standard chemotherapy and the lack of a targeted therapy that selectively eradicates the chemoresistant leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) responsible for disease recurrence. We reported recently that the reprogramming factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has a tumor-suppressive function in children with T-ALL. KLF4 silencing by promoter deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in patients with T-ALL leads to aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MAP2K7 and the downstream c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway that controls the expansion of leukemia cells via c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2. This pathway can be inhibited with small molecules and therefore has the potential to eliminate LICs and eradicate disease in combination with standard therapy for patients with refractory and relapsed disease. The present review summarizes the role of the KLF4-MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL pathogenesis and the function of JNK and MAP2K7 in carcinogenesis and therapy.
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Tian G, Luo X, Tang C, Cheng X, Chung SK, Xia Z, Cheung CW, Guo Q. Astrocyte contributes to pain development via MMP2-JNK1/2 signaling in a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome. Life Sci 2016; 170:64-71. [PMID: 27919822 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of spinal glial cells (astrocyte and microglia) is reported in patient with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). However, the roles of spinal glial activities in the pathophysiology of CRPS are unclear. Here, we explored the roles of spinal astrocyte and microglia and the molecular mechanisms underlying CRPS using a mouse model of chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP). RESULTS CPIP injury increased the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, reactive astrocyte biomarker), but had no significant impact on ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1, reactive microglia biomarker), in the ipsilateral dorsal horn on post-injury day (PID) 3 when the pain threshold started to reduce significantly. Astrocytic inhibition with fluorocitrate but not microglial inhibition with minocycline attenuated the development of allodynia in CPIP-injured mice, which was concomitant with increased spinal levels of phosphorylated c-jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (pJNK1/2) on PID 3. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) prevented the development of allodynia in CPIP-injured mice. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that pJNK1/2 was mainly co-localized with GFAP. Subsequently, increased levels of pJNK1/2 were reversed by intrathecal fluorocitrate. Furthermore, the level of spinal matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) was increased and mainly expressed in NeuN (neuron biomarker) on PID 3 in the CPIP-injured mice, while intrathecal APR 100 (MMP2 inhibitor) delayed the development of allodynia and decreased spinal levels of GFAP and pJNK1/2 on PID 3. CONCLUSION This study shows that activation of astrocyte MMP2/JNK1/2 signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of pain hypersensitivity in the CPIP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chaoliang Tang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Lesniak A, Bochynska-Czyz M, Sacharczuk M, Benhye S, Misicka A, Bujalska-Zadrozny M, Lipkowski AW. Biphalin preferentially recruits peripheral opioid receptors to facilitate analgesia in a mouse model of cancer pain - A comparison with morphine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Antinociceptive effect of a novel armed spider peptide Tx3-5 in pathological pain models in mice. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:881-94. [PMID: 26898377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The venom of the Brazilian armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer is a rich source of biologically active peptides that have potential as analgesic drugs. In this study, we investigated the analgesic and adverse effects of peptide 3-5 (Tx3-5), purified from P. nigriventer venom, in several mouse models of pain. Tx3-5 was administered by intrathecal injection to mice selected as models of postoperative (plantar incision), neuropathic (partial sciatic nerve ligation) and cancer-related pain (inoculation with melanoma cells) in animals that were either sensitive or tolerant to morphine. Intrathecal administration of Tx3-5 (3-300 fmol/site) in mice could either prevent or reverse postoperative nociception, with a 50 % inhibitory dose (ID50) of 16.6 (3.2-87.2) fmol/site and a maximum inhibition of 87 ± 10 % at a dose of 30 fmol/site. Its effect was prevented by the selective activator of L-type calcium channel Bay-K8644 (10 μg/site). Tx3-5 (30 fmol/site) also produced a partial antinociceptive effect in a neuropathic pain model (inhibition of 67 ± 10 %). Additionally, treatment with Tx3-5 (30 fmol/site) nearly abolished cancer-related nociception with similar efficacy in both morphine-sensitive and morphine-tolerant mice (96 ± 7 and 100 % inhibition, respectively). Notably, Tx3-5 did not produce visible adverse effects at doses that produced antinociception and presented a TD50 of 1125 (893-1418) fmol/site. Finally, Tx3-5 did not alter the normal mechanical or thermal sensitivity of the animals or cause immunogenicity. Our results suggest that Tx3-5 is a strong drug candidate for the treatment of painful conditions.
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JNK in spinal cord facilitates bone cancer pain in rats through modulation of CXCL1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:88-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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FRIZZLED7 Is Required for Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Growth of Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147638. [PMID: 26808375 PMCID: PMC4726610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are thought to arise from cancer stem cells and their tumor initiating abilities are required for the establishment of metastases. Nevertheless, in metastatic melanoma, the nature of cancer stem cells is under debate and their contribution to metastasis formation remains unknown. Using an experimental metastasis model, we discovered that high levels of the WNT receptor, FZD7, correlated with enhanced metastatic potentials of melanoma cell lines. Knocking down of FZD7 in a panel of four melanoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in lung metastases in animal models, arguing that FZD7 plays a causal role during metastasis formation. Notably, limiting dilution analyses revealed that FZD7 is essential for the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and FZD7 knockdown impeded the early expansion of metastatic melanoma cells shortly after seeding, in accordance with the view that tumor initiating ability of cancer cells is required for metastasis formation. FZD7 activated JNK in melanoma cell lines in vitro and the expression of a dominant negative JNK suppressed metastasis formation in vivo, suggesting that FZD7 may promote metastatic growth of melanoma cells via activation of JNK. Taken together, our findings uncovered a signaling pathway that regulates the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and contributes to metastasis formation in melanoma.
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Quercetin reduces Ehrlich tumor-induced cancer pain in mice. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:285708. [PMID: 26351625 PMCID: PMC4550761 DOI: 10.1155/2015/285708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pain directly affects the patient's quality of life. We have previously demonstrated that the subcutaneous administration of the mammary adenocarcinoma known as Ehrlich tumor induces pain in mice. Several studies have shown that the flavonoid quercetin presents important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antitumor activity. Therefore, the analgesic effect and mechanisms of quercetin were evaluated in Ehrlich tumor-induced cancer pain in mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatments with quercetin reduced Ehrlich tumor-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, but not paw thickness or histological alterations, indicating an analgesic effect without affecting tumor growth. Regarding the analgesic mechanisms of quercetin, it inhibited the production of hyperalgesic cytokines IL-1β and TNFα and decreased neutrophil recruitment (myeloperoxidase activity) and oxidative stress. Naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) inhibited quercetin analgesia without interfering with neutrophil recruitment, cytokine production, and oxidative stress. Importantly, cotreatment with morphine and quercetin at doses that were ineffective as single treatment reduced the nociceptive responses. Concluding, quercetin reduces the Ehrlich tumor-induced cancer pain by reducing the production of hyperalgesic cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, and oxidative stress as well as by activating an opioid-dependent analgesic pathway and potentiation of morphine analgesia. Thus, quercetin treatment seems a suitable therapeutic approach for cancer pain that merits further investigation.
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Liu Z, Zhu P, Tao Y, Shen C, Wang S, Zhao L, Wu H, Fan F, Lin C, Chen C, Zhu Z, Wei Z, Sun L, Liu Y, Wang A, Lu Y. Cancer-promoting effect of capsaicin on DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis by modulating inflammation, Erk and p38 in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mika J, Jurga AM, Starnowska J, Wasylewski M, Rojewska E, Makuch W, Kwiatkowski K, Malek N, Przewlocka B. Effects of chronic doxepin and amitriptyline administration in naïve mice and in neuropathic pain mice model. Neuroscience 2015; 294:38-50. [PMID: 25769941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a severe clinical problem, often appearing as a co-symptom of many diseases or manifesting as a result of damage to the nervous system. Many drugs and agents are currently used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The aims of this paper were to test the effects of two classic TCAs, doxepin and amitriptyline, in naïve animals and in a model of neuropathic pain and to determine the role of cytokine activation in the effects of these drugs. All experiments were carried out with Albino-Swiss mice using behavioral tests (von Frey test and the cold plate test) and biochemical analyses (qRT-PCR and Western blot). In the mice subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI), doxepin and amitriptyline attenuated the symptoms of neuropathic pain and diminished the CCI-induced increase in the levels of spinal interleukin (IL)-6 and -1β mRNA, but not the protein levels of these cytokines, measured on day 12. Unexpectedly, chronic administration of doxepin or amitriptyline for 12 days produced allodynia and hyperalgesia in naïve mice. The treatment with these drugs did not influence the spinal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA, however, the protein levels of these pronociceptive factors were increased. The administration of ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) significantly weakened the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by both antidepressants in naïve mice; in contrast, yohimbine (α2-adrenergic receptors antagonist) did not influence these effects. Allodynia and hyperalgesia induced in naïve animals by amitriptyline and doxepin may be associated with an increase in the levels of pronociceptive cytokines resulting from 5-HT3-induced hypersensitivity. Our results provide new and important information about the possible side effects of antidepressants. Further investigation of these mechanisms may help to guide decisions about the use of classic TCAs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A M Jurga
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Starnowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Wasylewski
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Malek
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Litsea japonica fruit are mediated via suppression of NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:84-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bubici C, Papa S. JNK signalling in cancer: in need of new, smarter therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:24-37. [PMID: 24117156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The JNKs are master protein kinases that regulate many physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, morphogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death. It is increasingly apparent that persistent activation of JNKs is involved in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention with small molecule kinase inhibitors. However, evidence supportive of a tumour suppressor role for the JNK proteins has also been documented. Recent studies showed that the two major JNK proteins, JNK1 and JNK2, have distinct or even opposing functions in different types of cancer. As such, close consideration of which JNK proteins are beneficial targets and, more importantly, what effect small molecule inhibitors of JNKs have on physiological processes, are essential. A number of ATP-competitive and ATP-non-competitive JNK inhibitors have been developed, but have several limitations such as a lack of specificity and cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarize the accumulating evidence supporting a role for the JNK proteins in the pathogenesis of different solid and haematological malignancies, and discuss many challenges and scientific opportunities in the targeting of JNKs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Bubici
- Section of Inflammation and Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Biosciences Division, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, UK
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Yuan SB, Shi Y, Chen J, Zhou X, Li G, Gelman BB, Lisinicchia JG, Carlton SM, Ferguson MR, Tan A, Sarna SK, Tang SJ. Gp120 in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pain. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:837-50. [PMID: 24633867 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain is a common neurological comorbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, but the etiological cause remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the HIV-1 causal factor that critically contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain. METHODS We first compared the levels of HIV-1 proteins in postmortem tissues of the spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) from HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients who developed chronic pain (pain-positive HIV-1 patients) and HIV-1 patients who did not develop chronic pain (pain-negative HIV-1 patients). Then we used the HIV-1 protein that was specifically increased in the pain-positive patients to generate mouse models. Finally, we performed comparative analyses on the pathological changes in the models and the HIV-1 patients. RESULTS We found that HIV-1 gp120 was significantly higher in pain-positive HIV-1 patients (vs pain-negative HIV-1 patients). This finding suggested that gp120 was a potential causal factor of the HIV-associated pain. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model generated by intrathecal injection of gp120 and compared the pathologies of the model and the pain-positive human HIV-1 patients. The results showed that the mouse model and pain-positive human HIV-1 patients developed extensive similarities in their pathological phenotypes, including pain behaviors, peripheral neuropathy, glial reactivation, synapse degeneration, and aberrant activation of pain-related signaling pathways in the SDH. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that gp120 may critically contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bo Yuan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Abstract
The global burden of cancer pain is enormous and opioids, despite their side effects, remain the primary therapeutic approach. The cause of cancer pain is unknown. Mechanisms driving cancer pain differ from those mechanisms responsible for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The prevailing hypothesis put forward to explain cancer pain posits that cancers generate and secrete mediators which sensitize and activate primary afferent nociceptors in the cancer microenvironment. Moreover, cancers induce neurochemical reorganization of the spinal cord, which contributes to spontaneous activity and enhanced responsiveness. The purpose of this review, which covers clinical and preclinical studies, is to highlight those peripheral and central mechanisms responsible for cancer pain. The challenges facing neuroscientists and clinicians studying and ultimately treating cancer pain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, NY, USA
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Xu J, Zhu MD, Zhang X, Tian H, Zhang JH, Wu XB, Gao YJ. NFκB-mediated CXCL1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to the maintenance of bone cancer pain in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:38. [PMID: 24580964 PMCID: PMC3941254 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most disabling factors in patients suffering from primary bone cancer or bone metastases. Recent studies show several chemokines (for example, CCL2, CXCL10) in the spinal cord are involved in the pathogenesis of BCP. Here we investigated whether and how spinal CXCL1 contributes to BCP. METHODS Mouse prostate tumor cell line, RM-1 cells were intramedullary injected into the femur to induce BCP. The mRNA expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression and distribution of CXCL1, NFκB, and CXCR2 was examined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The effect of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody, NFκB antagonist, and CXCR2 antagonist on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. RESULTS Intramedullary injection of RM-1 cells into the femur induced cortical bone damage and persistent (>21 days) mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Tumor cell inoculation also produced CXCL1 upregulation in activated astrocytes in the spinal cord for more than 21 days. Inhibition of CXCL1 by intrathecal administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody at 7 days after inoculation attenuated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. In cultured astrocytes, TNF-α induced robust CXCL1 expression, which was dose-dependently decreased by NFκB inhibitor. Furthermore, inoculation induced persistent NFκB phosphorylation in spinal astrocytes. Intrathecal injection of NFκB inhibitor attenuated BCP and reduced CXCL1 increase in the spinal cord. Finally, CXCR2, the primary receptor of CXCL1, was upregulated in dorsal horn neurons after inoculation. Inhibition of CXCR2 by its selective antagonist SB225002 attenuated BCP. CONCLUSION NFκB mediates CXCL1 upregulation in spinal astrocytes in the BCP model. In addition, CXCL1 may be released from astrocytes and act on CXCR2 on neurons in the spinal cord and be involved in the maintenance of BCP. Inhibition of the CXCL1 signaling may provide a new therapy for BCP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
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Lopez-Bergami P. The role of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase pathways in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 24:902-21. [PMID: 21914141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have increased our comprehension of the molecular signaling events critical for melanoma development and progression. Many oncogenes driving melanoma have been identified, and most of them exert their oncogenic effects through the activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways are also important in melanoma, but their precise role is not clear yet. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of the three main MAPK pathways, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38, and their impact on melanoma biology. Although the results obtained with BRAF inhibitors in melanoma patients are impressive, several mechanisms of acquired resistance have emerged. To overcome this obstacle constitutes the new challenge in melanoma therapy. Given the major role that MAPKs play in melanoma, understanding their functions and the interconnection among them and with other signaling pathways represents a step forward toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ji RR, Berta T, Nedergaard M. Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy? Pain 2013; 154 Suppl 1:S10-S28. [PMID: 23792284 PMCID: PMC3858488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of glial cells and neuro-glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain: microglia and astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), and satellite glial cells of the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. Painful syndromes are associated with different glial activation states: (1) glial reaction (ie, upregulation of glial markers such as IBA1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and/or morphological changes, including hypertrophy, proliferation, and modifications of glial networks); (2) phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways; (3) upregulation of adenosine triphosphate and chemokine receptors and hemichannels and downregulation of glutamate transporters; and (4) synthesis and release of glial mediators (eg, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases) to the extracellular space. Although widely detected in chronic pain resulting from nerve trauma, inflammation, cancer, and chemotherapy in rodents, and more recently, human immunodeficiency virus-associated neuropathy in human beings, glial reaction (activation state 1) is not thought to mediate pain sensitivity directly. Instead, activation states 2 to 4 have been demonstrated to enhance pain sensitivity via a number of synergistic neuro-glial interactions. Glial mediators have been shown to powerfully modulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission at presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extrasynaptic sites. Glial activation also occurs in acute pain conditions, and acute opioid treatment activates peripheral glia to mask opioid analgesia. Thus, chronic pain could be a result of "gliopathy," that is, dysregulation of glial functions in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances and discuss remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kogushi-Nishi H, Jinnin M, Kobayashi Y, Muchemwa FC, Hirano A, Makino T, Fukushima S, Masuguchi S, Ishihara T, Inoue Y, Ihn H. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase isoforms in the cellular activity of melanoma cell lines. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:890-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kogushi-Nishi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - M. Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Y. Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - F. C. Muchemwa
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - A. Hirano
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - T. Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - S. Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - T. Ishihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Y. Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - H. Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced pain and reduces glia-mediated neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:747-58. [PMID: 23680474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is reported to attenuate pain in both clinical pain conditions and animal pain models, but the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. Here, we show that 7 daily 60-minute HBO (100% oxygen, 2 atmosphere absolute) treatments effectively and persistently inhibited heat hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and paw edema induced by peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Five daily 60-minute HBO treatments also produced a prolonged reversal effect of the ongoing inflammatory pain. Furthermore, such an HBO treatment reduced CFA-induced activation of glial cells, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC], and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]) in the spinal cord. HBO treatment also decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of these cytokines and chemokines in primary cultures of astrocytes and microglia. In addition, the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, KC, and IP-10 in the inflamed paw skin were decreased by HBO. Taken together, these data suggest that HBO treatment is an effective therapy for inflammatory pain in animals. The inhibition of the neuroinflammation that is mediated by glial cells and inflammatory mediators may, at least in part, contribute to the antinociceptive effect of HBO therapy. PERSPECTIVE Our results suggest that repetitive HBO treatment attenuates CFA-induced pain and reduces glial activation and inflammatory mediators' production. These findings provide evidence of the antinociception effect of HBO on inflammatory pain and characterize some of the underlying mechanisms.
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Astrocytes--multitaskers in chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 716:120-8. [PMID: 23528354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic pain remains a clinical challenge and sufficient pharmacological management is difficult to achieve without concurrent adverse drug effects. Recently the concept of chronic pain as a solely neuron-mediated phenomenon has evolved and it is now appreciated that also glial cells are of critical importance in pain generation and modulation. Astrocytes are macroglial cells that have close structural relationships with neurons; they contact neuronal somata and dendrites and enwrap synapses, where small astrocytic processes have been shown to be highly motile. This organization allows astrocytes to directly influence and coordinate neurons located within their structural domains. Moreover, astrocytes form astroglial networks and calcium wave propagations can spread through neighbouring astrocytes. ATP, which is released from astrocytes in response to elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, can contribute to the central mechanisms in chronic pain via purinergic receptors. In this review we highlight the structural organization and the functionalities of astrocytes that allow them to undertake critical roles in pain processing and we stress the possibility that astrocytes contribute to chronic pain not via a single pathway, but by undertaking various roles depending on the pain condition.
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Wagley Y, Hwang CK, Lin HY, Kam AFY, Law PY, Loh HH, Wei LN. Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase stimulates mu opioid receptor expression via p38 MAPK-mediated nuclear NF-κB activation in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1476-88. [PMID: 23485395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite its potential side effects of addiction, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, morphine is widely used for reducing moderate and severe pain. Previous studies have shown that the analgesic effect of morphine depends on mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression levels, but the regulatory mechanism of MOR is not yet fully understood. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is closely associated with neuropathic hyperalgesia, which closely resembles the neuroplastic changes observed with morphine antinociceptive tolerance. In this study, we show that inhibition of JNK by SP600125, its inhibitory peptide, or JNK-1 siRNA induced MOR at both mRNA and protein levels in neuronal cells. This increase in MOR expression was reversed by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but not by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathway. Further experiments using cell signaling inhibitors showed that MOR upregulation by JNK inhibition involved nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The p38 MAPK dependent phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB subunit in the nucleus was increased by SP600125 treatment. We also observed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis that JNK inhibition led to increased bindings of CBP and histone-3 dimethyl K4, and decreased bindings of HDAC-2, MeCP2, and histone-3 trimethyl K9 to the MOR promoter indicating a transcriptional regulation of MOR by JNK inhibition. All these results suggest a regulatory role of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in MOR gene expression and aid to our better understanding of the MOR gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Wagley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Wang XW, Hu S, Mao-Ying QL, Li Q, Yang CJ, Zhang H, Mi WL, Wu GC, Wang YQ. Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase in spinal cord contributes to breast cancer induced bone pain in rats. Mol Brain 2012; 5:21. [PMID: 22681856 PMCID: PMC3407760 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent pain in patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer is bone pain, which can be severe and difficult to treat. The mechanisms underlying this pain remain unclear. Here we investigated the role of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in the spinal cord in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). RESULTS In this study, we used an established rat CIBP model to investigate the possible role of JNK activation in the spinal cord. After intra-tibial inoculation with Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells, the rats displayed mechanical allodynia on day 5, which lasted to day 16. The activation of JNK in neurons and astrocytes in the spinal cord was found on day 12 and day 16 after intra-tibial inoculation with carcinoma cells. A single intrathecal injection with JNK inhibitor SP600125 by lumbar puncture attenuated mechanical allodynia on day 12, and repeated intrathecal injection of SP600126 from day 10 to day 14 had a cumulative analgesic effect on CIBP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that JNK activation in the spinal cord is required in the maintenance of CIBP. Inhibition of the spinal JNK pathway may provide a new therapy for CIBP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Specific inhibition of the JNK pathway promotes locomotor recovery and neuroprotection after mouse spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:710-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Manassero G, Repetto IE, Cobianchi S, Valsecchi V, Bonny C, Rossi F, Vercelli A. Role of JNK isoforms in the development of neuropathic pain following sciatic nerve transection in the mouse. Mol Pain 2012; 8:39. [PMID: 22616849 PMCID: PMC3436729 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current tools for analgesia are often only partially successful, thus investigations of new targets for pain therapy stimulate great interest. Consequent to peripheral nerve injury, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in cells of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord is involved in triggering neuropathic pain. However, the relative contribution of distinct JNK isoforms is unclear. Using knockout mice for single isoforms, and blockade of JNK activity by a peptide inhibitor, we have used behavioral tests to analyze the contribution of JNK in the development of neuropathic pain after unilateral sciatic nerve transection. In addition, immunohistochemical labelling for the growth associated protein (GAP)-43 and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in DRGs was used to relate injury related compensatory growth to altered sensory function. Results Peripheral nerve injury produced pain–related behavior on the ipsilateral hindpaw, accompanied by an increase in the percentage of GAP43-immunoreactive (IR) neurons and a decrease in the percentage of CGRP-IR neurons in the lumbar DRGs. The JNK inhibitor, D-JNKI-1, successfully modulated the effects of the sciatic nerve transection. The onset of neuropathic pain was not prevented by the deletion of a single JNK isoform, leading us to conclude that all JNK isoforms collectively contribute to maintain neuropathy. Autotomy behavior, typically induced by sciatic nerve axotomy, was absent in both the JNK1 and JNK3 knockout mice. Conclusions JNK signaling plays an important role in regulating pain threshold: the inhibition of all of the JNK isoforms prevents the onset of neuropathic pain, while the deletion of a single splice JNK isoform mitigates established sensory abnormalities. JNK inactivation also has an effect on axonal sprouting following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Manassero
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy.
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Tabata M, Murata E, Ueda K, Kato-Kogoe N, Kuroda Y, Hirose M. Effects of TrkA inhibitory peptide on cancer-induced pain in a mouse melanoma model. J Anesth 2012; 26:545-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Chu LC, Tsaur ML, Lin CS, Hung YC, Wang TY, Chen CC, Cheng JK. Chronic intrathecal infusion of gabapentin prevents nerve ligation-induced pain in rats. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:699-705. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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49
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Differential roles of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in pain-related spatial and temporal enhancement of synaptic responses in the hippocampal formation of rats: Multi-electrode array recordings. Brain Res 2011; 1382:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Previous data report that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-derived peptide FREG potently inhibits FGF-2-dependent angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that FREG inhibits up to 70% in vitro growth and invasion/migration of smooth muscle and melanoma cells. Such inhibition is mediated by platelet-derived growth factor-receptor-α (PDGF-Rα); in fact, proliferation and migration were restored upon PDGF-Rα neutralization. Further experiments demonstrated that FREG interacts with PDGF-Rα both in vitro and in vivo and stimulates its phosphorylation. We have previously shown that overexpressing PDGF-Rα strongly inhibits melanoma growth in vivo; we, therefore, hypothesized that PDGF-Rα agonists may represent a novel tool to inhibit melanoma growth in vivo. To support this hypothesis, FREG was inoculated intravenously (i.v.) in a mouse melanoma model and markedly inhibited pulmonary metastases formation. Immunohistochemical analyses showed less proliferation, less angiogenesis, and more apoptosis in metastasized lungs upon FREG treatment, as compared to untreated controls. Finally, in preliminary acute toxicity studies, FREG showed no toxicity signs in healthy animals, and neither microscopic nor macroscopic toxicity at the liver, kidney, and lungs level. Altogether, these data indicate that FREG systemic treatment strongly inhibits melanoma metastases development and indicate for the first time that agonists of PDGF-Rα may control melanoma both in vitro and in vivo.
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