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Baranova K, Nalivaeva N, Rybnikova E. Neuroadaptive Biochemical Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17032. [PMID: 38069355 PMCID: PMC10707673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the currently known biochemical neuroadaptive mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning. In particular, it focuses on the significance of the pro-adaptive effects of remote ischemic conditioning which allow for the prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysregulation after brain damage. The neuroimmunohumoral pathway transmitting a conditioning stimulus, as well as the molecular basis of the early and delayed phases of neuroprotection, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory components, are also outlined. Based on the close interplay between the effects of ischemia, especially those mediated by interaction of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and steroid hormones, the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in remote ischemic conditioning is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Rybnikova
- I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.B.); (N.N.)
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2
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Panteli N, Feidantsis K, Demertzioglou M, Paralika V, Karapanagiotis S, Mylonas CC, Kormas KA, Mente E, Makridis P, Antonopoulou E. The Probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens Provokes Hypertrophic Growth via Activation of the IGF-1/Akt Pathway during the Process of Metamorphosis of Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 37443952 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metamorphosis entails hormonally regulated morphological and physiological changes requiring high energy levels. Probiotics as feed supplements generate ameliorative effects on host nutrient digestion and absorption. Thereby, the aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of the probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens as a water additive on cellular signaling pathways in the metamorphosis of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Activation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and programmed cell death were assessed through SDS-Page/immunoblot analysis, while energy metabolism was determined through enzymatic activities. According to the results, greater amberjack reared in P. inhibens-enriched water entered the metamorphic phase with greater body length, while protein synthesis was triggered to facilitate the hypertrophic growth as indicated by IGF-1/Akt activation and AMPK inhibition. Contrarily, MAPKs levels were reduced, whereas variations in Hsps response were evident in the probiotic treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy were mobilized potentially for the structural remodeling processes. Furthermore, the elevated enzymatic activities of intermediary metabolism highlighted the excess energy demands of metamorphosis. Collectively, the present findings demonstrate that P. inhibens may reinforce nutrient utilization, thus leading greater amberjack to an advanced growth and developmental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, 26504 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Maria Demertzioglou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Paralika
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Agricultural Development Institute, University Research and Innovation Centre "IASON", Argonafton & Filellinon, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Eleni Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Wei HP, Peng ZF, Shao KM, Zhang PH, Chen L, Hu JA, Chai H, Liu JM. cPKCγ Inhibits Caspase-9-Initiated Neuronal Apoptosis in an Ischemia Reperfusion Model In Vitro Through p38 MAPK-p90RSK-Bad Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:362-374. [PMID: 36152136 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Strokes are one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Previously we have found that conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ) plays neuroprotective role in ischemic strokes. Further, we found that cPKCγ knockdown increased the level of cleaved (cl)-Caspase-3. However, the precise mechanisms underlying cPKCγ-mediated neuronal death remain unclear. To this end, a model incorporating 1 h oxygen-glucose deprivation/24 h reoxygenation (1 h OGD/24 h R) was established in cortical neurons. We found that cPKCγ knockdown remarkably increased neuronal death after OGD. We also found that cPKCγ knockdown increased the level of cl-Caspase-3 through the upstream initiators Capsases-9 (not Caspase-8/12) in OGD-treated neurons. Overexpression of cPKCγ could decrease neuronal death and cl-Caspase-3 and -9 levels. Moreover, cPKCγ knockdown further reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, p90RSK, and Bad. In addition, the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were decreased after cPKCγ knockdown, whereas that of Bax was increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that cPKCγ partly alleviates ischemic injury through activating the p38 MAPK-p90RSK-Bad pathway and inhibiting Caspase-9 initiated apoptosis. This may have potential as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Wei
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Xingyun Street, Pingcheng District, Datong, 037009, Shanxi, China
| | - Kang-Mei Shao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Pei-Hao Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jin-An Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Chai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jin-Mei Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Street, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
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Mollet I, Marto JP, Mendonça M, Baptista MV, Vieira HLA. Remote but not Distant: a Review on Experimental Models and Clinical Trials in Remote Ischemic Conditioning as Potential Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:294-325. [PMID: 34686988 PMCID: PMC8533672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of neurological disability worldwide and the second cause of death in people over 65 years old, resulting in great economic and social burden. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of total cases, and the approved therapies are based on re-establishment of blood flow, and do not directly target brain parenchyma. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this review, limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is revised and discussed as a potential therapy against ischemic stroke. The review targets both (i) fundamental research based on experimental models and (ii) clinical research based on clinical trials and human interventional studies with healthy volunteers. Moreover, it also presents two approaches concerning RIC mechanisms in stroke: (i) description of the underlying cerebral cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by limb RIC that promote neuroprotection against stroke induced damage and (ii) the identification of signaling factors involved in inter-organ communication following RIC procedure. Limb to brain remote signaling can occur via circulating biochemical factors, immune cells, and/or stimulation of autonomic nervous system. In this review, these three hypotheses are explored in both humans and experimental models. Finally, the challenges involved in translating experimentally generated scientific knowledge to a clinical setting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mollet
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal.,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viana Baptista
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal. .,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
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5
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Sheng R, Chen JL, Qin ZH. Cerebral conditioning: Mechanisms and potential clinical implications. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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6
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Sun YW, Zhang LY, Gong SJ, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway mediates GLT-1 up-regulation during cerebral ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:224-233. [PMID: 34343641 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous finding suggests that p38 MAPK contributes to the GLT-1 upregulation during induction of brain ischemic tolerance by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation by using Western blotting, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and thionin staining in rat hippocampus CA1 subset. We found that application of BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB), or dihydrokainate (an inhibitor of GLT-1), or SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) could attenuate the CIP-induced neuronal protection in hippocampus CA1 region of rats. Moreover, CIP caused rapid activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 protein, which led to active p50/p65 dimer formation and increased DNA binding activity. GLT-1 was also increased after CIP. Pretreatment with BAY11-7082 blocked the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation. The above results suggest that NF-κB participates in GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP. We also found that pretreatment with SB203580 caused significant reduction of NF-κB p50 protein in nucleus, NF-κB p50/p65 dimer nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Together, we conclude that p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway participates in the mediation of GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Xing Tai People's Hospital, 16 Hong Xing Road, Xing Tai, 054001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Gu Y, Guo M, Ji X. Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning on neurological diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:869-882. [PMID: 34237192 PMCID: PMC8265941 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the organ with the highest demand for oxygen, the brain has a poor tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia. Despite severe ischemia/hypoxia induces the occurrence and development of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, sublethal insult may induce strong protection against subsequent fatal injuries by improving tolerance. Searching for potential measures to improve brain ischemic/hypoxic is of great significance for treatment of ischemia/hypoxia related CNS diseases. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning (I/HPC) refers to the approach to give the body a short period of mild ischemic/hypoxic stimulus which can significantly improve the body's tolerance to subsequent more severe ischemia/hypoxia event. It has been extensively studied and been considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in CNS diseases. Its protective mechanisms involved multiple processes, such as activation of hypoxia signaling pathways, anti-inflammation, antioxidant stress, and autophagy induction, etc. As a strategy to induce endogenous neuroprotection, I/HPC has attracted extensive attention and become one of the research frontiers and hotspots in the field of neurotherapy. In this review, we discuss the basic and clinical research progress of I/HPC on CNS diseases, and summarize its mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the limitations and challenges of their translation from basic research to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Gu
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Exposure to 2.45 GHz Radiation Triggers Changes in HSP-70, Glucocorticoid Receptors and GFAP Biomarkers in Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105103. [PMID: 34065959 PMCID: PMC8151023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue may be especially sensitive to electromagnetic phenomena provoking signs of neural stress in cerebral activity. Fifty-four adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ELISA and immunohistochemistry testing of four relevant anatomical areas of the cerebrum to measure biomarkers indicating induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after single or repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiation in the experimental set-up. Neither radiation regime caused tissue heating, so thermal effects can be ruled out. A progressive decrease in GCR and HSP-70 was observed after acute or repeated irradiation in the somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. In the limbic cortex; however, values for both biomarkers were significantly higher after repeated exposure to irradiation when compared to control animals. GFAP values in brain tissue after irradiation were not significantly different or were even lower than those of nonirradiated animals in all brain regions studied. Our results suggest that repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz elicited GCR/HSP-70 dysregulation in the brain, triggering a state of stress that could decrease tissue anti-inflammatory action without favoring glial proliferation and make the nervous system more vulnerable.
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Verhaar N, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Pfarrer C, Mazzuoli-Weber G, Schulte H, Kästner S. Ischaemic postconditioning reduces apoptosis in experimental jejunal ischaemia in horses. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:175. [PMID: 33902575 PMCID: PMC8077964 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic postconditioning (IPoC) refers to brief periods of reocclusion of blood supply following an ischaemic event. This has been shown to ameliorate ischaemia reperfusion injury in different tissues, and it may represent a feasible therapeutic strategy for ischaemia reperfusion injury following strangulating small intestinal lesions in horses. The objective of this study was to assess the degree cell death, inflammation, oxidative stress, and heat shock response in an equine experimental jejunal ischaemia model with and without IPoC. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, experimental in vivo study, 14 horses were evenly assigned to a control group and a group subjected to IPoC. Under general anaesthesia, segmental ischaemia with arterial and venous occlusion was induced in 1.5 m jejunum. Following ischaemia, the mesenteric vessels were repeatedly re-occluded in group IPoC only. Full thickness intestinal samples and blood samples were taken at the end of the pre-ischaemia period, after ischaemia, and after 120 min of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining or enzymatic assays were performed to determine the selected variables. RESULTS The mucosal cleaved-caspase-3 and TUNEL cell counts were significantly increased after reperfusion in the control group only. The cleaved-caspase-3 cell count was significantly lower in group IPoC after reperfusion compared to the control group. After reperfusion, the tissue myeloperoxidase activity and the calprotectin positive cell counts in the mucosa were increased in both groups, and only group IPoC showed a significant increase in the serosa. Tissue malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase as well as blood lactate levels showed significant progression during ischaemia or reperfusion. The nuclear immunoreactivity of Heat shock protein-70 increased significantly during reperfusion. None of these variables differed between the groups. The neuronal cell counts in the myenteric plexus ganglia were not affected by the ischaemia model. CONCLUSIONS A reduced apoptotic cell count was found in the group subjected to IPoC. None of the other tested variables were significantly affected by IPoC. Therefore, the clinical relevance and possible protective mechanism of IPoC in equine intestinal ischaemia remains unclear. Further research on the mechanism of action and its effect in clinical cases of strangulating colic is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Verhaar
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gemma Mazzuoli-Weber
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henri Schulte
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Kästner
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Xian XH, Gao JX, Qi J, Fan SJ, Zhang M, Li WB. Activation of p38 MAPK participates in the sulbactam-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance mediated by glial glutamate transporter-1 upregulation in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20601. [PMID: 33244020 PMCID: PMC7692545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that sulbactam can play a neuroprotection role in hippocampal neurons by upregulating the expression and function of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) during ischemic insult. Here, using rat global cerebral ischemia model, we studied in vivo the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the sulbactam-induced GLT-1 upregulation and neuroprotection against ischemia. The hippocampal CA1 field was selected as observing target. The expressions of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK and GLT-1 were assayed with western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The condition of delayed neuronal death (DND) was assayed with neuropathological evaluation under thionin staining. It was shown that administration of sulbactam protected CA1 hippocampal neurons against ischemic insult accompanied with significantly upregulation in the expressions of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK and GLT-1. The time course analysis showed that sulbactam activated p38 MAPK before the GLT-1 upregulation in either normal or global cerebral ischemic rats. Furthermore, inhibiting p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 blocked the GLT-1 upregulation and neuroprotection induced by sulbactam. The above results suggested that p38 MAPK, at least partly, participated in the sulbactam-induced brain tolerance to ischemia mediated by GLT-1 upregulation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xia Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience Research Center of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience Research Center of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
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11
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GÜLER Ö, YILDIZ M, BOZDEMİR MN, KAVAKLI A, DAĞLI AF, ÜSTÜNDAĞ B. Deneysel Beyin İskemisinde Tacrolimusun Endotelin-1, Melatonin ve Heat Shock Protein-70 Üzerine Etkileri. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.533419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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The mechanism of GLT-1 mediating cerebral ischemic injury depends on the activation of p38 MAPK. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:1-13. [PMID: 30731111 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The previous studies have shown that glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) participates in cerebral ischemic injury in rats. However, the mechanism involved remains to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to investigate whether p38 MAPK was involved in regulating GLT-1 in the process. At first, it was observed that global brain ischemia for 8 min led to obvious delayed neuronal death, GLT-1 down-regulation and p-p38 MAPK up-regulation in CA1 hippocampus in rats. Then, whether p-p38 MAPK was involved in regulating GLT-1 during cerebral ischemic injury was studied in vitro. Astrocyte-neuron co-cultures exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to mimic brain ischemia. It was observed that lethal OGD (4-h OGD) decreased GLT-1 expression and increased p-p38 MAPK expression in astrocytes. The p-p38 MAPK protein rised from 0 min to 48 h that is the end time of the observation, and the peak value was at 12 h, which was 12.45 times of the control group. Moreover, pre-administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or its siRNA dose-dependently increased GLT-1 expression, and meanwhile alleviated the neuronal death induced by lethal OGD. The above results indicated that p38 MAPK signaling pathway participated in regulating GLT-1 during OGD injury in vitro. Finally, back to in vivo experiment, it was found that pre-administration of SB203580 by intracerebroventricular injection dose-dependently reversed the down-regulation of GLT-1 expression and attenuated the delayed neuronal death normally induced by global brain ischemia in CA1 hippocampus in rats. Taken together, it can be concluded that the mechanism of GLT-1 mediating cerebral ischemic injury depends on the activation of p38 MAPK.
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Yuan Q, Jia HX, Li SQ, Xiao-Zhang, Wu YJ, Feng L, Liu XL, Sun XC, Li WB. The role of adenosine in up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK during limb ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Brain Res 2018; 1707:172-183. [PMID: 30445027 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) induced brain ischemic tolerance and up-regulated the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of adenosine in brain protection and up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP. It was found that adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX dose-dependently inhibited the protective effect of LIP. The up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP could be blocked by DPCPX. Furthermore, we observed the effect of adenosine on the brain ischemia. The results showed that pre-administration of adenosine could partly mimic the neuroprotective effect on the brain, up-regulate the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine participated in brain protection and up-regulation of the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance after LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Department of Pathology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Hohhot 010040, PR China
| | - Hui-Xian Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yong-Juan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Cai Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Chen Y, Yang XQ, Tseng BY, Tsai YH, Tseng SH, Lee CH, Yao CL. Deferoxamine preconditioning activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in intestinal stem cells. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2349-2356. [PMID: 29475626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important regulators of innate immunity, and TLR4 pathway can regulate the survival, migration, and differentiation of stem cells, including intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Deferoxamine (DFO), a hypoxia-mimic compound, can activate the proliferation of ISCs. In this study, we investigated the response of TLR4 signaling to DFO-induced hypoxia in cultured ISCs in vitro. METHODS After DFO treatment, the crypt organoid number was counted, and the expression levels of Lgr5, Hsp70, HMGB1, HIF-1α, TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and TRAM in ISCs were examined using QPCR and Western blotting. The chemical inhibitors of different signaling molecules were then used to determine their role in DFO-induced change in ISCs. RESULTS The expression levels of Lgr5, HIF-1α, TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF in ISCs increased after DFO treatment, with peak expression of these molecules 6h after DFO treatment. In addition, DFO-induced gene expression of Lgr5 and HIF-1α was partially reversed by pretreatment with the inhibitor of TLR4 or MyD88, but not TRIF inhibitor. Inhibition of HIF-1α also resulted in partial downregulation of DFO-induced elevation of Lgr5 and TLR4. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that DFO treatment activated HIF-1α and the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway, which might mediate the activation of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Qin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Yuan Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Materials and Textiles, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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15
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Qi J, Xian XH, Li L, Zhang M, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Li WB. Sulbactam Protects Hippocampal Neurons Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Up-Regulating Astrocytic GLT-1 via p38 MAPK Signal Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:281. [PMID: 30158854 PMCID: PMC6104165 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulbactam is an atypical β-lactam medication and reported to be neuroprotective by up-regulating glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in rats. The present study was undertaken to study the role of p38 MAPK signal pathway in sulbactam induced up-regulation of GLT-1 expression in astrocytes and anti-ischemic effect. Neuron-astrocyte co-cultures and astrocyte cultures from neonatal Wistar rats were used. Cerebral ischemia was mimicked by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Hoechst (HO)/propidium iodide (PI) double fluorescence staining and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay were used to evaluate neuronal death and cell viability, respectively. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect protein expressions. Sulbactam pre-incubation significantly and dose-dependently prevented neuronal death and decline in cell viability induced by OGD in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, and upregulated GLT-1 expression in astrocyte cultures endured OGD, which suggested that sulbactam might protect neurons against OGD by up-regulating astrocytic GLT-1 expression. It was further shown that the phosphorylated-p38 MAPK expression in astrocytes was up-regulated after the sulbactam pre-incubation and this up-regulation was moderate in amplitude. Especially, the time course of the up-regulation of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK was obviously earlier than that of GLT-1, which suggested possibility that p38 MAPK might be an upstream signal for GLT-1 up-regulation induced by sulbactam. We further found that SB203580, the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, dose-dependently inhibited the GLT-1 up-regulation induced by sulbactam either in non- or OGD-treated astrocytes and the protective effect of sulbactam on co-cultured neurons against OGD. Taken together, it might be concluded that sulbactam protects cerebral neurons against OGD by up-regulating astrocytic GLT-1 expression via p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Aging and Cognition Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Cheng CY, Ho TY, Hsiang CY, Tang NY, Hsieh CL, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis Exerts Angiogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Activating p38MAPK/HIF-1α/VEGF-A Signaling in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1683-1708. [PMID: 29121798 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Angelica sinensis extract [Dang Gui (DG)] administered before 60[Formula: see text]min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 3[Formula: see text]d of reperfusion and investigated the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1[Formula: see text] signaling in the cortical ischemic penumbra. DG was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.25[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.25g), 0.5[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.5g), or 1[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-1g) 30[Formula: see text]min before the onset of cerebral ischemia. Our study results revealed that DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment effectively attenuated cerebral infarct and improved neurological deficits. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment significantly downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 expression and upregulated phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK, phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB)/CREB, cytosolic and mitochondrial phospho-Bad (p-Bad)/Bad ratios, and HIF-1[Formula: see text], vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), phospho-90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p-p90RSK), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression in the cortical ischemic penumbra. Pretreatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, dramatically abrogated the upregulating effects of DG-1g on p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-CREB/CREB, and p-Bad/Bad ratios and HIF-1[Formula: see text], VEGF-A, and vWF expression and the downregulating effects of DG-1g on GFAP, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cerebral infarction. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment provided neuroprotective effects against astrocyte-mediated cerebral infarction by activating angiogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling. Moreover, the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of DG pretreatment can be attributed to the activation of p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/vWF signaling and p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/p-Bad-related regulation of cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling, respectively, in the cortical ischemic penumbra 3[Formula: see text]d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Silachev DN, Usatikova EA, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Babenko VA, Gulyaev MV, Pirogov YA, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Effect of Anesthetics on Efficiency of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1006-1016. [PMID: 28988529 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning of hind limbs (RIPC) is an effective method for preventing brain injury resulting from ischemia. However, in numerous studies RIPC has been used on the background of administered anesthetics, which also could exhibit neuroprotective properties. Therefore, investigation of the signaling pathways triggered by RIPC and the effect of anesthetics is important. In this study, we explored the effect of anesthetics (chloral hydrate and Zoletil) on the ability of RIPC to protect the brain from injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion. We found that RIPC without anesthesia resulted in statistically significant decrease in neurological deficit 24 h after ischemia, but did not affect the volume of brain injury. Administration of chloral hydrate or Zoletil one day prior to brain ischemia produced a preconditioning effect by their own, decreasing the degree of neurological deficit and lowering the volume of infarct with the use of Zoletil. The protective effects observed after RIPC with chloral hydrate or Zoletil were similar to those observed when only the respective anesthetic was used. RIPC was accompanied by significant increase in the level of brain proteins associated with the induction of ischemic tolerance such as pGSK-3β, BDNF, and HSP70. However, Zoletil did not affect the level of these proteins 24 h after injection, and chloral hydrate caused increase of only pGSK-3β. We conclude that RIPC, chloral hydrate, and Zoletil produce a significant neuroprotective effect, but the simultaneous use of anesthetics with RIPC does not enhance the degree of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Cardioprotective Effect of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Antiapoptotic Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4609784. [PMID: 27313648 PMCID: PMC4897718 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4609784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Our previous study has used RNA-seq technology to show that apoptotic molecules were involved in the myocardial protection of electroacupuncture pretreatment (EAP) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) animal model. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate how EAP protects myocardium against myocardial I/R injury through antiapoptotic mechanism. Methods. By using rats with myocardial I/R, we ligated the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 minutes followed by 4 hr of reperfusion after EAP at the Neiguan (PC6) acupoint for 12 days; we employed arrhythmia scores, serum myocardial enzymes, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to evaluate the cardioprotective effect. Heart tissues were harvested for western blot analyses for the expressions of pro- and antiapoptotic signaling molecules. Results. Our preliminary findings showed that EAP increased the survival of the animals along with declined arrhythmia scores and decreased CK, LDH, CK-Mb, and cTnT levels. Further analyses with the heart tissues detected reduced myocardial fiber damage, decreased number of apoptotic cells and the protein expressions of Cyt c and cleaved caspase 3, and the elevated level of Endo G and AIF after EAP intervention. At the same time, the protein expressions of antiapoptotic molecules, including Xiap, BclxL, and Bcl2, were obviously increased. Conclusions. The present study suggested that EAP protected the myocardium from I/R injury at least partially through the activation of endogenous antiapoptotic signaling.
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Ferulic Acid Administered at Various Time Points Protects against Cerebral Infarction by Activating p38 MAPK/p90RSK/CREB/Bcl-2 Anti-Apoptotic Signaling in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155748. [PMID: 27187745 PMCID: PMC4871485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ferulic acid (FA) administered at various time points before or after 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 7 d of reperfusion and to examine the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the cortical penumbra. Methods FA was intravenously administered to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg 24 h before ischemia (B-FA), 2 h before ischemia (P-FA), immediately after ischemic insult (I-FA), 2 h after reperfusion (R-FA), or 24 h after reperfusion (D-FA). Results Our study results indicated that P-FA, I-FA, and R-FA effectively reduced cerebral infarct areas and neurological deficits. P-FA, I-FA, and R-FA significantly downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitochondrial Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and effectively restored the phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK ratio, phospho-90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p-p90RSK) expression, phospho-Bad (p-Bad) expression, the phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB)/CREB ratio, the cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax ratios, and the cytosolic Bcl-xL/Bax ratio in the cortical penumbra 7 d after reperfusion. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, administered 30 min prior to ischemia abrogated the downregulating effects of I-FA on cerebral infarction, and mitochondrial Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and the upregulating effects of I-FA on the p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio, p-p90RSK expression, p-Bad expression, and the p-CREB/CREB, and cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax ratios. Conclusions Our study results thus indicate that P-FA, I-FA, and R-FA effectively suppress reactive astrocytosis and exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction by activating p38 MAPK signaling. The regulating effects of P-FA, I-FA, and R-FA on Bax-induced apoptosis result from activation of the p38 MAPK/p90RSK/CREB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, and eventually contribute to inhibition of the cytochrome c-mediated caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway in the cortical penumbra 7 d after reperfusion.
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p38 MAPK Participates in the Mediation of GLT-1 Up-regulation During the Induction of Brain Ischemic Tolerance by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:58-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cheng CY, Lin JG, Tang NY, Kao ST, Hsieh CL. Electroacupuncture at different frequencies (5Hz and 25Hz) ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: possible involvement of p38 MAPK-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:241. [PMID: 26187498 PMCID: PMC4506591 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the effects of electroacupuncture stimulation at the Baihui (GV20) and Fengfu (GV16) acupoints, at frequencies of 5Hz (EA-5Hz) and 25Hz (EA-25Hz), 7 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to evaluate the possible signaling mechanisms involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Methods Rats were subjected to 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 7 days of reperfusion. EA-5Hz or EA-25Hz was applied immediately after MCAo and then once daily for 7 consecutive days. Results Results indicated that EA-5Hz and EA-25Hz both markedly attenuated cerebral infarction and neurological deficits. EA-5Hz and EA-25Hz both markedly downregulated cytosolic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitochondrial Bax, mitochondrial and cytosolic second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding protein with low isoelectric point (Smac/DIABLO), and cytosolic cleaved caspase-3 expression, and effectively restored cytosolic phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), cytosolic cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), mitochondrial Bcl-xL, and cytosolic X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression, in the ischemic cortical penumbra 7 days after reperfusion. Both EA-5Hz and EA-25Hz also significantly increased the ratios of mitochondrial Bcl-xL/Bax and Bcl-2/Bax, respectively. Conclusions Both EA-5Hz and EA-25Hz effectively downregulate reactive astrocytosis to provide neuroprotection against cerebral infarction, most likely by activating the p38 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway. The modulating effects of EA-5Hz and EA-25Hz on Bax-mediated apoptosis are possibly due to the activation of p38 MAPK/CREB/Bcl-xL and p38 MAPK/CREB/Bcl-2 signaling pathways, respectively, and eventually contribute to the prevention of Smac/DIABLO translocation and subsequent restoration of XIAP-mediated suppression of caspase-3 in the cortical periinfarct area 7 days after reperfusion.
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Meng R, Ding Y, Asmaro K, Brogan D, Meng L, Sui M, Shi J, Duan Y, Sun Z, Yu Y, Jia J, Ji X. Ischemic Conditioning Is Safe and Effective for Octo- and Nonagenarians in Stroke Prevention and Treatment. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:667-77. [PMID: 25956401 PMCID: PMC4489956 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (SIAS) is very common in octo- and nonagenarians, especially in the Chinese population, and is likely the most common cause of stroke recurrence worldwide. Clinical trials demonstrate that endovascular treatment, such as stenting, may not be suitable for octogenarians with systemic diseases. Hence, less invasive methods for the octogenarian patients are urgently needed. Our previous study (unique identifier: NCT01321749) showed that repetitive bilateral arm ischemic preconditioning (BAIPC) reduced the incidence of stroke recurrence by improving cerebral perfusion (confirmed by single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial Doppler sonography) in patients younger than 80 years of age; however, the safety and effectiveness of BAIPC on stroke prevention in octo- and nonagenarians with SIAS are still unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of BAIPC in reducing stroke recurrence in octo- and nonagenarian patients with SIAS. Fifty-eight patients with SIAS were enrolled in this randomized controlled prospective study for 180 consecutive days. All patients enrolled in the study received standard medical management. Patients in the BAIPC group (n = 30) underwent 5 cycles consisting of bilateral arm ischemia followed by reperfusion for 5 min each twice daily. Those in the control group (n = 28) underwent sham-BAIPC twice daily. Blood pressure, heart rate, local skin status, plasma myoglobin, and plasma levels of thrombotic and inflammatory markers were documented in both groups before beginning the study and for the first 30 days. Finally, the incidences of stroke recurrence and magnetic resonance imaging during the 180 days of treatment were compared. Compared with the control, BAIPC had no adverse effects on blood pressure, heart rate, local skin integrity, or plasma myoglobin, and did not induce cerebral hemorrhage in the studied cohort. BAIPC reduced plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leukocyte count, and platelet aggregation rate and elevated plasma tissue plasminogen activator (all p < 0.01). In 180 days, 2 infarctions and 7 transient ischemic attacks were observed in the BAIPC group compared with 8 infarctions and 11 transient ischemic attacks in the sham BAIPC group (p < 0.05). BAIPC may safely inhibit stroke recurrence, protect against brain ischemia, and ameliorate plasma biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation in octo- and nonagenarians with SIAS. A multicenter trial is ongoing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT01570231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Meng
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Karam Asmaro
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - David Brogan
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Lu Meng
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Meng Sui
- />USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Jingfei Shi
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yunxia Duan
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Zhishan Sun
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yang Yu
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
- />The 9th Medical College of Peking University, 100038 Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Xunming Ji
- />Neurology Department and Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute (China-America Institute of Neuroscience), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
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Zinc preconditioning protects against neuronal apoptosis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated induction of heat shock protein 70. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:220-226. [PMID: 25712525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During brain ischemic preconditioning (PC), mild bursts of ischemia render neurons resistant to subsequent strong ischemic injuries. Previously, we reported that zinc plays a key role in PC-induced neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. Zinc-triggered p75(NTR) induction transiently activates caspase-3, which cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Subsequently, the PARP-1 over-activation-induced depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) after exposures to lethal doses of zinc or N-methyl-D-aspartate is significantly attenuated in cortical neuronal cultures. In the present study, zinc-mediated preconditioning (Zn PC) reduced apoptotic neuronal death that was caused by N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), etoposide, or staurosporine in mouse cortical cells. We focused on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) because NAD(+)/ATP depletion does not directly cause apoptosis, and HSP70 can inhibit the activation of caspase-9 or caspase-3 by preventing apoptosome formation or cytochrome C release. Zn PC-mediated HSP70 induction was required for neuroprotection against neuronal apoptosis, and geldanamycin-induced HSP70 induction sufficiently blocked neuronal apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, Zn PC-mediated HSP70 induction was blocked by chemical inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, but not c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. Similarly, neuroprotection by Zn PC against TPEN-induced apoptosis was almost completely reversed by the blockade of ERK or p38 MAPK signaling. Our findings suggest that the ERK- or p38 MAPK-mediated induction of HSP70 plays a key role in inhibiting caspase-3 activation during Zn PC.
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Cao MH, Xu J, Cai HD, Lv ZW, Feng YJ, Li K, Chen CQ, Li YY. p38 MAPK inhibition alleviates experimental acute pancreatitis in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:101-6. [PMID: 25655298 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway is involved in inflammatory process. However, the mechanism is not clear. The present study was to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Mice were divided into 4 groups: saline control; acute pancreatitis induced with repeated injections of cerulein; control plus p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580; and acute pancreatitis plus SB203580. The pancreatic histology, pancreatic enzymes, cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and 70 were evaluated. RESULTS Repeated injections of cerulein resulted in acute pancreatitis in mice, accompanying with the activation of p38 MAPK and overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the pancreatic tissues. Treatment with SB203580 significantly inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK, and furthermore, inhibited the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the pancreas, the inflammatory cytokines in the serum, and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung. CONCLUSION The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Han D, Scott EL, Dong Y, Raz L, Wang R, Zhang Q. Attenuation of mitochondrial and nuclear p38α signaling: a novel mechanism of estrogen neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 400:21-31. [PMID: 25462588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory protein that is activated in response to cellular stress. While p38 is known to be activated in response to cerebral ischemia, the precise role of p38 and its isoforms in ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unclear. In the current study, we examined the differential activation and functional roles of p38α and p38β MAPK isoforms in short-term ovariectomized female rats treated with either the neuroprotective ovarian hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2) or placebo in a model of global cerebral ischemia (GCI). GCI induced biphasic activation of total p38 in the hippocampal CA1, with peaks at 30 min and 1 day after 10-min ischemia-reperfusion. Further study demonstrated that activated p38α, but not p38β, translocated to the nucleus 30 min and 3 h post reperfusion, and that this event coincided with increased phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a p38 target protein. Intriguingly, activated p38α was also enhanced in mitochondrial fractions of CA1 neurons 1 day after GCI, and there was loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as enhanced cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage at 2 days post GCI. Importantly, E2 prevented the biphasic activation of p38, as well as both nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p38α after GCI, and these findings correlated with attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1. Furthermore, administration of a p38 inhibitor was able to mimic the neuroprotective effects of E2 in the hippocampal CA1 region by preventing nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p38α, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and neuronal apoptosis. As a whole, this study suggests that changes in subcellular localization of the activated p38α isoform are required for neuronal apoptosis following GCI, and that E2 exerts robust neuroprotection, in part, through dual inhibition of activation and subcellular trafficking of p38α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Erin L Scott
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Limor Raz
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Centre, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 06300, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Rivera-Cervantes MC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Castro-Torres RD, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Feria y Velasco AI, Camins A, Beas-Zárate C. P38 MAPK inhibition protects against glutamate neurotoxicity and modifies NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit expression. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:596-608. [PMID: 25172309 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMDA and AMPA receptors are thought to be responsible for Ca(++) influx during glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and, therefore, hippocampal neuronal death. We assessed whether excitotoxicity induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate in rats at postnatal age of 1, 3, 5, and 7 modifies the hippocampal expression of the NMDAR subunit NR1 and the AMPAR subunits GluR1/GluR2 at postnatal days 8, 10, 12, and 14. We also assessed the involvement of MAPK signaling by using the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Our results showed that monosodium glutamate induces neuronal death and alters the expression of the subunits evaluated in the hippocampus at all ages studied, which could be prevented by SB203580 treatment.Furthermore, expression of the NRSF gene silencing factor also increased in response to excitotoxicity, suggesting a relationship in suppressing GluR2-expression, which was regulated by the p38-MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. This result suggests that selectively blocking the pro-death signaling pathway may reduce neuronal death in some neurodegenerative diseases in which these neurotoxic processes are present and produce major clinical benefits in the treatment of these pathologies.
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An Immunological Approach to Increase the Brain's Resilience to Insults. ISRN NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 2014:103213. [PMID: 24967312 PMCID: PMC4045558 DOI: 10.1155/2014/103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of inducing a humoral response with autoantibodies to the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor using a genetic approach. In this study, we generated three recombinant proteins to different functional domains of the NMDA receptor, which is implicated in mediating brain tolerance, specifically NR1[21-375], NR1[313-619], NR1[654-800], and an intracellular scaffolding protein, Homer1a, with a similar anatomical expression pattern. All peptides showed similar antigenicity and antibody titers following systemic vaccination, and all animals thrived. Two months following vaccination, rats were administered the potent neurotoxin, kainic acid. NR1[21-375] animals showed an antiepileptic phenotype but no neuroprotection. Remarkably, despite ineffective antiepileptic activity, 6 of 7 seizing NR1[654-800] rats showed absolutely no injury with only minimal changes in the remaining animal, whereas the majority of persistently seizing rats in the other groups showed moderate to severe hippocampal injury. CREB, BDNF, and HSP70, proteins associated with preconditioning, were selectively upregulated in the hippocampus of NR1[654-800] animals, consistent with the observed neuroprotective phenotype. These results identify NR1 epitopes important in conferring anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects and support the concept of an immunological strategy to induce a chronic state of tolerance in the brain.
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Fu SP, He SY, Xu B, Hu CJ, Lu SF, Shen WX, Huang Y, Hong H, Li Q, Wang N, Liu XL, Liang F, Zhu BM. Acupuncture promotes angiogenesis after myocardial ischemia through H3K9 acetylation regulation at VEGF gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94604. [PMID: 24722278 PMCID: PMC3983235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture exerts cardioprotective effects on several types of cardiac injuries, especially myocardial ischemia (MI), but the mechanisms have not yet been well elucidated. Angiogenesis mediated by VEGF gene expression and its modification through histone acetylation has been considered a target in treating myocardial ischemia. This study aims to exam whether modulation of angiogenesis through H3K9 acetylation regulation at VEGF gene is one possible cardioprotective mechanism of acupuncture. Results We generated rat MI models by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and applied electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at the Neiguan (PC6) acupoint. Our results showed that acupuncture reversed the S-T segment change, reduced Q-wave area, decreased CK, CK-MB, LDH levels, mitigated myocardial remodeling, and promoted microvessel formation in the MI heart. RNA-seq analysis showed that VEGF-induced angiogenesis signaling was involved in the modulation of EA. Western blot results verified that the protein expressions of VEGF, Ras, phospho-p44/42 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-SAPK/JNK and Akt, were all elevated significantly by EA treatment in the MI heart. Furthermore, increased H3K9 acetylation was also observed according with the VEGF. ChIP assay confirmed that EA treatment could notably stimulate the recruitment of H3K9ace at the VEGF promoter. Conclusions Our study demonstrates for the first time that acupuncture can effectively up-regulate VEGF expression through H3K9 acetylation modification directly at the VEGF promoter and hence activate VEGF-induced angiogenesis in rat MI models. We employed high throughput sequencing in this study and, for the first time, generated genome-wide gene expression profiles both in the rat MI model and in acupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Jun Hu
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (BMZ)
| | - Bing-Mei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (BMZ)
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Zhao JH, Meng XL, Zhang J, Li YL, Li YJ, Fan ZM. Oxygen glucose deprivation post-conditioning protects cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury: role of HSP70 and inhibition of apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:18-22. [PMID: 24496673 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) post-conditioning (PostC) on neural cell apoptosis in OGD-PostC model and the protective effect on primary cortical neurons against OGD injury in vitro. Four-h OGD was induced by OGD by using a specialized and humidified chamber. To initiate OGD, culture medium was replaced with de-oxygenated and glucose-free extracellular solution-Locke's medium. After OGD treatment for 4 h, cells were then allowed to recover for 6 h or 20 h. Then lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to detect cell death, protein levels and apoptotic cells, respectively. For the PostC treatment, three cycles of 15-min OGD, followed by 15 min normal cultivation, were applied immediately after injurious 4-h OGD. Cells were then allowed to recover for 6 h or 20 h, and cell death was assessed by LDH release assay. Apoptotic cells were flow cytometrically evaluated after 4-h OGD, followed by re-oxygenation for 20 h (O4/R20). In addition, Western blotting was used to examine the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), Bcl-2 and Bax. The ratio of Bcl-2 expression was (0.44±0.08)% and (0.76±0.10)%, and that of Bax expression was (0.51±0.05)% and (0.39±0.04)%, and that of HSP70 was (0.42±0.031)% and (0.72±0.045)% respectively in OGD group and PostC group. After O4/R6, the rate of neuron death in PostC group and OGD groups was (28.96±3.03)% and (37.02±4.47)%, respectively. Therefore, the PostC treatment could up-regulate the expression of HSP70 and Bcl-2, but down-regulate Bax expression. As compared with OGD group, OGD-induced neuron death and apoptosis were significantly decreased in PostC group (P<0.05). These findings suggest that PostC inhibited OGD-induced neuron death. This neuro-protective effect is likely achieved by anti-apoptotic mechanisms and is associated with over-expression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yong-Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yue-Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Krenz M, Baines C, Kalogeris T, Korthuis R. Cell Survival Programs and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Hormesis, Preconditioning, and Cardioprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4199/c00090ed1v01y201309isp044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu X, Sha O, Cho EYP. Remote ischemic postconditioning promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:639-46. [PMID: 23733254 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning, the application of a mild ischemic stimulus to an ischemia-sensitive structure like the heart or brain either before (preconditioning) or after (postconditioning) its exposure to a lethal ischemic insult, is known to switch on endogenous protective mechanisms. However, most studies of its neuroprotective effect in the central nervous system (CNS) have focused on ischemic damage or related conditions like hypoxia, while its potential in treating other neural diseases remains uncertain. In particular, the recent discovery of remote ischemic postconditioning whereby mild ischemia applied to a region remote from the target after the main ischemic insult also confers protection offers an attractive paradigm to study its potential in other types of neural injury. Retinal ganglion cells damaged by optic nerve transection undergo extensive cell death. However, application of a series of mild ischemic/reperfusion cycles to the hind limb (limb remote ischemic postconditioning) at 10 min or 6 h after optic nerve cut was found to promote ganglion cell survival at 7 days post-injury, with the 10 min postconditioning still exerting protection at 14 days post-injury. Concomitant with the increased ganglion cell survival, 51 % more ganglion cells expressed the small heat shock protein HSP27, when remote ischemic postconditioning was performed at 10 min post-injury, as compared to the sham conditioning group. Our results highlight the potential of using remote ischemic postconditioning as a noninvasive neuroprotective strategy in different CNS disorders like spinal cord and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Zhao L, Liu X, Liang J, Han S, Wang Y, Yin Y, Luo Y, Li J. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK mediates hypoxic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury via mitochondria translocation of Bcl-xL in mice. Brain Res 2013; 1503:78-88. [PMID: 23399686 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) initiates intracellular signaling pathway to provide protection, but the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in HPC-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injuries is a matter of debate. In this study, we found that HPC could reduce 6h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced infarct volume, edema ratio and cell apoptosis, as well as enhancing the up-regulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation (P-p38 MAPK) levels in the peri-infarct region of mice after 6h MCAO. However, intracerebroventricular injection of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 abolished this HPC-induced neuroprotection. HPC significantly increased the translocation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-related protein Bcl-xL from the cytosol to the mitochondria in the peri-infarct region of MCAO mice. Interestingly, the results of reciprocal immunoprecipitation showed that Bcl-xL and P-p38 MAPK were coimmunoprecipitated reciprocally only in the peri-infarct region of HPC and MCAO treated mice, while Bcl-xL and total p38 (T-p38 MAPK), not P-p38 MAPK, could be coimmunoprecipited by each other in the brain of normal control mice. In addition, we found SB203580 significantly decreased P-p38 MAPK levels, and inhibited HPC-induced mitochondria translocation of Bcl-xL in the brain of HPC and MCAO treated mice. Taken together, our findings suggested that P-p38 MAPK mediates HPC-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury via mitochondria translocation of Bcl-xL, which might be a key anti-cell apoptotic mechanism of HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Li SQ, Li WB, Zhang M, Wu YZ, Hu YY. The role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotection of limb ischemic preconditioning in rats. Mol Neurobiol 2012. [PMID: 23180278 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) protects neurons against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanisms of LIP are not well understood. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered globin that affords protection against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. This study was performed to investigate the role of Ngb in the neuroprotection of LIP against brain ischemia and the involvements of mitochondria in the process. The rat global brain ischemic model was used, and the CA1 hippocampus was selected as the observational target. Ngb expression was investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Neuropathological evaluation was performed by thionin staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, and ultrastructure were examined by flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. We also used Ngb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) and Ngb inducer hemin to inhibit or mimic the effect of LIP. We found that LIP significantly up-regulated Ngb expression and protected neurons against ischemia. Furthermore, LIP effectively improved deterioration in the Δψm, mitochondrial Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, and ultrastructure induced by cerebral ischemia. These effects of LIP were inhibited partly by Ngb AS-ODNs and mimicked by hemin. It could be concluded that up-regulation of Ngb expression played an important role in the neuroprotection induced by LIP, and the Ngb-mediated neuroprotection of LIP was, at least partly, associated with mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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Yang XS, He GL, Hao YT, Xiao Y, Chen CH, Zhang GB, Yu ZP. Exposure to 2.45GHz electromagnetic fields elicits an HSP-related stress response in rat hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shi GX, Andres DA, Cai W. Ras family small GTPase-mediated neuroprotective signaling in stroke. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2012; 11:114-37. [PMID: 21521171 DOI: 10.2174/187152411796011349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective neuronal cell death is one of the major causes of neuronal damage following stroke, and cerebral cells naturally mobilize diverse survival signaling pathways to protect against ischemia. Importantly, therapeutic strategies designed to improve endogenous anti-apoptotic signaling appear to hold great promise in stroke treatment. While a variety of complex mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke, the overall mechanisms governing the balance between cell survival and death are not well-defined. Ras family small GTPases are activated following ischemic insults, and in turn, serve as intrinsic switches to regulate neuronal survival and regeneration. Their ability to integrate diverse intracellular signal transduction pathways makes them critical regulators and potential therapeutic targets for neuronal recovery after stroke. This article highlights the contribution of Ras family GTPases to neuroprotective signaling cascades, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family protein kinase- and AKT/PKB-dependent signaling pathways as well as the regulation of cAMP response element binding (CREB), Forkhead box O (FoxO) and hypoxiainducible factor 1(HIF1) transcription factors, in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xian Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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