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Martin-Solana E, Casado-Zueras L, Torres TE, Goya GF, Fernandez-Fernandez MR, Fernandez JJ. Disruption of the mitochondrial network in a mouse model of Huntington's disease visualized by in-tissue multiscale 3D electron microscopy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:88. [PMID: 38840253 PMCID: PMC11151585 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the coding sequence of huntingtin protein. Initially, it predominantly affects medium-sized spiny neurons (MSSNs) of the corpus striatum. No effective treatment is still available, thus urging the identification of potential therapeutic targets. While evidence of mitochondrial structural alterations in HD exists, previous studies mainly employed 2D approaches and were performed outside the strictly native brain context. In this study, we adopted a novel multiscale approach to conduct a comprehensive 3D in situ structural analysis of mitochondrial disturbances in a mouse model of HD. We investigated MSSNs within brain tissue under optimal structural conditions utilizing state-of-the-art 3D imaging technologies, specifically FIB/SEM for the complete imaging of neuronal somas and Electron Tomography for detailed morphological examination, and image processing-based quantitative analysis. Our findings suggest a disruption of the mitochondrial network towards fragmentation in HD. The network of interlaced, slim and long mitochondria observed in healthy conditions transforms into isolated, swollen and short entities, with internal cristae disorganization, cavities and abnormally large matrix granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martin-Solana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Teobaldo E Torres
- Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gerardo F Goya
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose-Jesus Fernandez
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC, CINN), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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2
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Umapathy S, Pan I, Issac PK, Kumar MSK, Giri J, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Selenium Nanoparticles as Neuroprotective Agents: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x. [PMID: 38837103 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain are the main causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several nanoparticles have been used as therapeutics for PD. Despite their therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles induce multiple stresses upon entry. Selenium (Se), an essential nutrient in the human body, helps in DNA formation, stress control, and cell protection from damage and infections. It can also regulate thyroid hormone metabolism, reduce brain damage, boost immunity, and promote reproductive health. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), a bioactive substance, have been employed as treatments in several disciplines, particularly as antioxidants. Se-NP, whether functionalized or not, can protect mitochondria by enhancing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in the brain. They can also promote dopamine synthesis. By inhibiting the aggregation of tau, α-synuclein, and/or Aβ, they can reduce the cellular toxicities. The ability of the blood-brain barrier to absorb Se-NPs which maintain a healthy microenvironment is essential for brain homeostasis. This review focuses on stress-induced neurodegeneration and its critical control using Se-NP. Due to its ability to inhibit cellular stress and the pathophysiologies of PD, Se-NP is a promising neuroprotector with its anti-inflammatory, non-toxic, and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganiya Umapathy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Song N, Mei S, Wang X, Hu G, Lu M. Focusing on mitochondria in the brain: from biology to therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38632601 PMCID: PMC11022390 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have multiple functions such as supplying energy, regulating the redox status, and producing proteins encoded by an independent genome. They are closely related to the physiology and pathology of many organs and tissues, among which the brain is particularly prominent. The brain demands 20% of the resting metabolic rate and holds highly active mitochondrial activities. Considerable research shows that mitochondria are closely related to brain function, while mitochondrial defects induce or exacerbate pathology in the brain. In this review, we provide comprehensive research advances of mitochondrial biology involved in brain functions, as well as the mitochondria-dependent cellular events in brain physiology and pathology. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better identify the mitochondrial roles in neurological diseases and the neurophenotypes of mitochondrial diseases. Finally, mitochondrial therapies are discussed. Mitochondrial-targeting therapeutics are showing great potentials in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyuan Mei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Holendová B, Engstová H, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Reflecting Metabolism, Superoxide Formation, Redox Homeostasis, and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:635-683. [PMID: 36793196 PMCID: PMC10615093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial (mt) reticulum network in the cell possesses amazing ultramorphology of parallel lamellar cristae, formed by the invaginated inner mitochondrial membrane. Its non-invaginated part, the inner boundary membrane (IBM) forms a cylindrical sandwich with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Crista membranes (CMs) meet IBM at crista junctions (CJs) of mt cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes connected to OMM sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Cristae dimensions, shape, and CJs have characteristic patterns for different metabolic regimes, physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: Cristae-shaping proteins were characterized, namely rows of ATP-synthase dimers forming the crista lamella edges, MICOS subunits, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) isoforms and mitochondrial genome maintenance 1 (MGM1) filaments, prohibitins, and others. Detailed cristae ultramorphology changes were imaged by focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Dynamics of crista lamellae and mobile CJs were demonstrated by nanoscopy in living cells. With tBID-induced apoptosis a single entirely fused cristae reticulum was observed in a mitochondrial spheroid. Critical Issues: The mobility and composition of MICOS, OPA1, and ATP-synthase dimeric rows regulated by post-translational modifications might be exclusively responsible for cristae morphology changes, but ion fluxes across CM and resulting osmotic forces might be also involved. Inevitably, cristae ultramorphology should reflect also mitochondrial redox homeostasis, but details are unknown. Disordered cristae typically reflect higher superoxide formation. Future Directions: To link redox homeostasis to cristae ultramorphology and define markers, recent progress will help in uncovering mechanisms involved in proton-coupled electron transfer via the respiratory chain and in regulation of cristae architecture, leading to structural determination of superoxide formation sites and cristae ultramorphology changes in diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 635-683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yang S, Park JH, Lu HC. Axonal energy metabolism, and the effects in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37475056 PMCID: PMC10357692 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies consistently identify bioenergetic maladaptations in brains upon aging and neurodegenerative disorders of aging (NDAs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glucose is the major brain fuel and glucose hypometabolism has been observed in brain regions vulnerable to aging and NDAs. Many neurodegenerative susceptible regions are in the topological central hub of the brain connectome, linked by densely interconnected long-range axons. Axons, key components of the connectome, have high metabolic needs to support neurotransmission and other essential activities. Long-range axons are particularly vulnerable to injury, neurotoxin exposure, protein stress, lysosomal dysfunction, etc. Axonopathy is often an early sign of neurodegeneration. Recent studies ascribe axonal maintenance failures to local bioenergetic dysregulation. With this review, we aim to stimulate research in exploring metabolically oriented neuroprotection strategies to enhance or normalize bioenergetics in NDA models. Here we start by summarizing evidence from human patients and animal models to reveal the correlation between glucose hypometabolism and connectomic disintegration upon aging/NDAs. To encourage mechanistic investigations on how axonal bioenergetic dysregulation occurs during aging/NDAs, we first review the current literature on axonal bioenergetics in distinct axonal subdomains: axon initial segments, myelinated axonal segments, and axonal arbors harboring pre-synaptic boutons. In each subdomain, we focus on the organization, activity-dependent regulation of the bioenergetic system, and external glial support. Second, we review the mechanisms regulating axonal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis, an essential molecule for energy metabolism processes, including NAD+ biosynthetic, recycling, and consuming pathways. Third, we highlight the innate metabolic vulnerability of the brain connectome and discuss its perturbation during aging and NDAs. As axonal bioenergetic deficits are developing into NDAs, especially in asymptomatic phase, they are likely exaggerated further by impaired NAD+ homeostasis, the high energetic cost of neural network hyperactivity, and glial pathology. Future research in interrogating the causal relationship between metabolic vulnerability, axonopathy, amyloid/tau pathology, and cognitive decline will provide fundamental knowledge for developing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Brondani M, Roginski AC, Ribeiro RT, de Medeiros MP, Hoffmann CIH, Wajner M, Leipnitz G, Seminotti B. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ER stress and mitochondria-ER crosstalk alterations in a chemical rat model of Huntington's disease: potential benefits of bezafibrate. Toxicol Lett 2023; 381:48-59. [PMID: 37116597 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication were evaluated in the striatum of rats after 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) administration, a recognized chemical model of Huntington's disease (HD). 3-NP impaired redox homeostasis by increasing malondialdehyde levels at 28 days, decreasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations at 21 and 28 days, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase at 7, 21, and 28 days, catalase at 21 days, and glutathione reductase at 21 and 28 days. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration at 7 and 28 days after 3-NP administration was also observed, as well as reduced activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and respiratory chain complexes. 3-NP also impaired mitochondrial dynamics and the interactions between ER and mitochondria and induced ER-stress by increasing the levels of mitofusin-1, and of DRP1, VDAC1, Grp75 and Grp78. Synaptophysin levels were augmented at 7 days but reduced at 28 days after 3-NP injection. Finally, bezafibrate prevented 3-NP-induced alterations of the activities of SOD, GPx, SDH and respiratory chain complexes, DCFH oxidation and on the levels of GSH, VDAC1 and synaptophysin. Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of HD and bezafibrate may be considered as an adjuvant therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Brondani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula de Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Chrístofer Ian Hernandez Hoffmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio, 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Shang D, Huang M, Wang B, Yan X, Wu Z, Zhang X. mtDNA Maintenance and Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:578-598. [PMID: 35950246 PMCID: PMC10207910 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220810114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria play key roles in the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes components of the OXPHOS complex but mutated mtDNA accumulates in cells with aging, which mirrors the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation stems not only from the misreplication of mtDNA and the highly oxidative environment but also from defective mitophagy after fission. In this review, we focus on several pivotal mitochondrial proteins related to mtDNA maintenance (such as ATAD3A and TFAM), mtDNA alterations including mtDNA mutations, mtDNA elimination, and mtDNA release-activated inflammation to understand the crucial role played by mtDNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Our work outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Vanisova M, Stufkova H, Kohoutova M, Rakosnikova T, Krizova J, Klempir J, Rysankova I, Roth J, Zeman J, Hansikova H. Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:462-475. [PMID: 35946926 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington´s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with onset in adulthood that leads to a complete disability and death in approximately 20 years after onset of symptoms. HD is caused by an expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene for huntingtin. Although the disease causes most damage to striatal neurons, other parts of the nervous system and many peripheral tissues are also markedly affected. Besides huntingtin malfunction, mitochondrial impairment has been previously described as an important player in HD. This study focuses on mitochondrial structure and function in cultivated skin fibroblasts from 10 HD patients to demonstrate mitochondrial impairment in extra-neuronal tissue. Mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial fission, and cristae organization were significantly disrupted and signs of elevated apoptosis were found. In accordance with structural changes, we also found indicators of functional alteration of mitochondria. Mitochondrial disturbances presented in fibroblasts from HD patients confirm that the energy metabolism damage in HD is not localized only to the central nervous system, but also may play role in the pathogenesis of HD in peripheral tissues. Skin fibroblasts can thus serve as a suitable cellular model to make insight into HD pathobiochemical processes and for the identification of possible targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vanisova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Rakosnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rysankova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roth
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Calabrese G, Molzahn C, Mayor T. Protein interaction networks in neurodegenerative diseases: from physiological function to aggregation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102062. [PMID: 35623389 PMCID: PMC9234719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein inclusions is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases that typically develop in older individuals, due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In rare familial neurodegenerative disorders, genes encoding for aggregation-prone proteins are often mutated. While the underlying mechanism leading to these diseases still remains to be fully elucidated, efforts in the past 20 years revealed a vast network of protein–protein interactions that play a major role in regulating the aggregation of key proteins associated with neurodegeneration. Misfolded proteins that can oligomerize and form insoluble aggregates associate with molecular chaperones and other elements of the proteolytic machineries that are the frontline workers attempting to protect the cells by promoting clearance and preventing aggregation. Proteins that are normally bound to aggregation-prone proteins can become sequestered and mislocalized in protein inclusions, leading to their loss of function. In contrast, mutations, posttranslational modifications, or misfolding of aggregation-prone proteins can lead to gain of function by inducing novel or altered protein interactions, which in turn can impact numerous essential cellular processes and organelles, such as vesicle trafficking and the mitochondria. This review examines our current knowledge of protein–protein interactions involving several key aggregation-prone proteins that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aim to provide an overview of the protein interaction networks that play a central role in driving or mitigating inclusion formation, while highlighting some of the key proteomic studies that helped to uncover the extent of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
| | - Cristen Molzahn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
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Maity S, Komal P, Kumar V, Saxena A, Tungekar A, Chandrasekar V. Impact of ER Stress and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:780. [PMID: 35054963 PMCID: PMC8775980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common phenomenon of several neurodegenerative diseases. The misfolding of proteins due to abnormal polyglutamine (PolyQ) expansions are linked to the development of PolyQ diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). Though the genetic basis of PolyQ repeats in HD remains prominent, the primary molecular basis mediated by PolyQ toxicity remains elusive. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER or disruption of ER homeostasis causes ER stress and activates an evolutionarily conserved pathway called Unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein homeostasis disruption at organelle level involving UPR or ER stress response pathways are found to be linked to HD. Due to dynamic intricate connections between ER and mitochondria, proteins at ER-mitochondria contact sites (mitochondria associated ER membranes or MAMs) play a significant role in HD development. The current review aims at highlighting the most updated information about different UPR pathways and their involvement in HD disease progression. Moreover, the role of MAMs in HD progression has also been discussed. In the end, the review has focused on the therapeutic interventions responsible for ameliorating diseased states via modulating either ER stress response proteins or modulating the expression of ER-mitochondrial contact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (P.K.); (V.K.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
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11
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Sönmez A, Mustafa R, Ryll ST, Tuorto F, Wacheul L, Ponti D, Litke C, Hering T, Kojer K, Koch J, Pitzer C, Kirsch J, Neueder A, Kreiner G, Lafontaine DLJ, Orth M, Liss B, Parlato R. Nucleolar stress controls mutant Huntington toxicity and monitors Huntington's disease progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1139. [PMID: 34880223 PMCID: PMC8655027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and cellular-stress surveillance deficits are hallmarks of Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a pathological expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The nucleolus, a dynamic nuclear biomolecular condensate and the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, is implicated in the cellular stress response and in protein quality control. While the exact pathomechanisms of HD are still unclear, the impact of nucleolar dysfunction on HD pathophysiology in vivo remains elusive. Here we identified aberrant maturation of rRNA and decreased translational rate in association with human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) expression. The protein nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), important for nucleolar integrity and rRNA maturation, loses its prominent nucleolar localization. Genetic disruption of nucleolar integrity in vulnerable striatal neurons of the R6/2 HD mouse model decreases the distribution of mHTT in a disperse state in the nucleus, exacerbating motor deficits. We confirmed NPM1 delocalization in the gradually progressing zQ175 knock-in HD mouse model: in the striatum at a presymptomatic stage and in the skeletal muscle at an early symptomatic stage. In Huntington's patient skeletal muscle biopsies, we found a selective redistribution of NPM1, similar to that in the zQ175 model. Taken together, our study demonstrates that nucleolar integrity regulates the formation of mHTT inclusions in vivo, and identifies NPM1 as a novel, readily detectable peripheral histopathological marker of HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Sönmez
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Rasem Mustafa
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Salome T Ryll
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Tuorto
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim and Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludivine Wacheul
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Donatella Ponti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Litke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Hering
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kojer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jenniver Koch
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core (INBC), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kirsch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Brain Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Denis L J Lafontaine
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S./FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Linacre & New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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12
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Connection Lost, MAM: Errors in ER-Mitochondria Connections in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111437. [PMID: 34827436 PMCID: PMC8615542 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), as the name suggests, are the membranes that physically and biochemically connect mitochondria with endoplasmic reticulum. MAMs not only structurally but also functionally connect these two important organelles within the cell which were previously thought to exist independently. There are multiple points of communication between ER-mitochondria and MAMs play an important role in both ER and mitochondria functions such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proteostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, movement, and mitophagy. The number of disease-related proteins and genes being associated with MAMs has been continually on the rise since its discovery. There is an overwhelming overlap between the biochemical functions of MAMs and processes affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, MAMs have received well-deserving and much delayed attention as modulators for ER-mitochondria communication and function. This review briefly discusses the recent progress made in this now fast developing field full of promise for very exciting future therapeutic discoveries.
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13
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Bečanović K, Asghar M, Gadawska I, Sachdeva S, Walker D, Lazarowski ER, Franciosi S, Park KHJ, Côté HCF, Leavitt BR. Age-related mitochondrial alterations in brain and skeletal muscle of the YAC128 model of Huntington disease. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 34650085 PMCID: PMC8516942 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetics failure are common pathological hallmarks in Huntington's disease (HD) and aging. In the present study, we used the YAC128 murine model of HD to examine the effects of mutant huntingtin on mitochondrial parameters related to aging in brain and skeletal muscle. We have conducted a cross-sectional natural history study of mitochondrial DNA changes in the YAC128 mouse. Here, we first show that the mitochondrial volume fraction appears to increase in the axons and dendrite regions adjacent to the striatal neuron cell bodies in old mice. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) was used as a proxy measure for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We observed that the mtDNAcn changes significantly with age and genotype in a tissue-specific manner. We found a positive correlation between aging and the mtDNAcn in striatum and skeletal muscle but not in cortex. Notably, the YAC128 mice had lower mtDNAcn in cortex and skeletal muscle. We further show that mtDNA deletions are present in striatal and skeletal muscle tissue in both young and aged YAC128 and WT mice. Tracking gene expression levels cross-sectionally in mice allowed us to identify contributions of age and genotype to transcriptional variance in mitochondria-related genes. These findings provide insights into the role of mitochondrial dynamics in HD pathogenesis in both brain and skeletal muscle, and suggest that mtDNAcn in skeletal muscle tissue may be a potential biomarker that should be investigated further in human HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bečanović
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Izabella Gadawska
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Shiny Sachdeva
- grid.416553.00000 0000 8589 2327The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Disease, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - David Walker
- grid.416553.00000 0000 8589 2327The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Disease, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Eduardo. R. Lazarowski
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sonia Franciosi
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Kevin H. J. Park
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.253856.f0000 0001 2113 4110Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI USA
| | - Hélène C. F. Côté
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Blair R. Leavitt
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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14
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Šonský I, Vodička P, Vodičková Kepková K, Hansíková H. Mitophagy in Huntington's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105147. [PMID: 34329735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), as well as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, belong to a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by common features, such as the progressive loss of neurons and the presence of pathogenic forms of misfolded protein aggregates. A quality control system such as autophagy is crucial for the clearance of protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles and thus essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. The constant high energy demand of neuronal tissue links neurodegeneration to mitochondria. Inefficient removal of damaged mitochondria is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as HD. In addition, direct involvement of the huntingtin protein in the autophagic machinery has been described. In this review, we focus on mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy responsible for mitochondrial turnover. We also discuss the relevance of pharmacological regulation of mitophagy in the future therapeutic approach to neurodegenerations, including HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Šonský
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Vodička
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - K Vodičková Kepková
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - H Hansíková
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Lopes C, Tang Y, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Onofre I, de Almeida LP, Daley GQ, Schlaeger TM, Rego ACC. Mitochondrial and Redox Modifications in Huntington Disease Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Rescued by CRISPR/Cas9 CAGs Targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576592. [PMID: 33072759 PMCID: PMC7536317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial deregulation has gained increasing support as a pathological mechanism in Huntington’s disease (HD), a genetic-based neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG expansion in the HTT gene. In this study, we thoroughly investigated mitochondrial-based mechanisms in HD patient-derived iPSC (HD-iPSC) and differentiated neural stem cells (NSC) versus control cells, as well as in cells subjected to CRISPR/Cas9-CAG repeat deletion. We analyzed mitochondrial morphology, function and biogenesis, linked to exosomal release of mitochondrial components, glycolytic flux, ATP generation and cellular redox status. Mitochondria in HD cells exhibited round shape and fragmented morphology. Functionally, HD-iPSC and HD-NSC displayed lower mitochondrial respiration, exosomal release of cytochrome c, decreased ATP/ADP, reduced PGC-1α and complex III subunit expression and activity, and were highly dependent on glycolysis, supported by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inactivation. HD-iPSC and HD-NSC mitochondria showed ATP synthase reversal and increased calcium retention. Enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also observed in HD-iPSC and HD-NSC, along with decreased UCP2 mRNA levels. CRISPR/Cas9-CAG repeat deletion in HD-iPSC and derived HD-NSC ameliorated mitochondrial phenotypes. Data attests for intricate metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction linked to transcriptional deregulation as early events in HD pathogenesis, which are alleviated following CAG deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yang Tang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Onofre
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P de Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Cristina Carvalho Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Neueder A, Orth M. Mitochondrial biology and the identification of biomarkers of Huntington's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2020; 10:243-255. [PMID: 32746707 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from finding novel compounds for treating Huntington's disease (HD) an important challenge at present consists in finding reliable read-outs or biomarkers that reflect key biological processes involved in HD pathogenesis. The core elements of HD biology, for example, HTT RNA levels or protein species can serve as biomarker, as could measures from biological systems or pathways in which Huntingtin plays an important role. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial biology in HD. The most consistent findings pertain to mitochondrial quality control, for example, fission/fusion. However, a convincing mitochondrial signature with biomarker potential is yet to emerge. This requires more research including in peripheral sources of human material, such as blood, or skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,SwissHuntington's Disease Centre, Neurozentrum Siloah, Worbstr. 312, 3073 Gümligenbei Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Kojer K, Hering T, Bazenet C, Weiss A, Herrmann F, Taanman JW, Orth M. Huntingtin Aggregates and Mitochondrial Pathology in Skeletal Muscle but not Heart of Late-Stage R6/2 Mice. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:145-159. [PMID: 30814364 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-180324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell or tissue specific background may influence the consequences of expressing the Huntington's disease (HD) mutation. Aggregate formation is known to occur in skeletal muscle, but not heart of the R6/2 fragment HD model. OBJECTIVE We asked whether aggregate formation and the expression and subcellular localization of huntingtin species was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS We analyzed levels of soluble HTT and HTT aggregates, as well as important fission and fusion proteins and mitochondrial respiratory chain activities, in quadriceps and heart of the R6/2 N-terminal fragment mouse model (12 weeks, 160±10 CAG repeats). RESULTS Soluble mutant HTT was present in both tissues with expression higher in cytoplasmic/mitochondrial than nuclear fractions. HTT aggregates were only detectable in R6/2 quadriceps, in association with increased levels of the pro-fission factor DRP1 and its phosphorylated active form, and decreased levels of the pro-fusion factor MFN2. In addition, respiratory chain complex activities were decreased. In heart that was without detectable HTT aggregates, we found no evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Tissue specific factors may exist that protect the R6/2 heart from HTT aggregate formation and mitochondrial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kojer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Hering
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Boukalova S, Hubackova S, Milosevic M, Ezrova Z, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in oxidative phosphorylation and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165759. [PMID: 32151633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway that provides nucleotides for RNA/DNA synthesis essential for proliferation. In mammalian cells, DHODH is localized in mitochondria, linked to the respiratory chain via the coenzyme Q pool. Here we discuss the role of DHODH in the oxidative phosphorylation system and in the initiation and progression of cancer. We summarize recent findings on DHODH biology, the progress made in the development of new, specific inhibitors of DHODH intended for cancer therapy, and the mechanistic insights into the consequences of DHODH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Hubackova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Mirko Milosevic
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ezrova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Qld, Australia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
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19
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Rodinova M, Krizova J, Stufkova H, Bohuslavova B, Askeland G, Dosoudilova Z, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Ellederova Z, Zeman J, Eide L, Motlik J, Hansikova H. Deterioration of mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure impairment in skeletal muscle of a transgenic minipig model in the early stages of Huntington's disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038737. [PMID: 31278192 PMCID: PMC6679385 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting and atrophy is one of the more severe clinical impairments resulting from the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a significant role in the etiology of HD, but the specific condition of mitochondria in muscle has not been widely studied during the development of HD. To determine the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle during the early stages of HD, we analyzed quadriceps femoris muscle from 24-, 36-, 48- and 66-month-old transgenic minipigs that expressed the N-terminal portion of mutated human huntingtin protein (TgHD) and age-matched wild-type (WT) siblings. We found altered ultrastructure of TgHD muscle tissue and mitochondria. There was also significant reduction of activity of citrate synthase and respiratory chain complexes (RCCs) I, II and IV, decreased quantity of oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) and the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHE2), and differential expression of optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in the skeletal muscle of TgHD minipigs. Statistical analysis identified several parameters that were dependent only on HD status and could therefore be used as potential biomarkers of disease progression. In particular, the reduction of biomarker RCCII subunit SDH30 quantity suggests that similar pathogenic mechanisms underlie disease progression in TgHD minipigs and HD patients. The perturbed biochemical phenotype was detectable in TgHD minipigs prior to the development of ultrastructural changes and locomotor impairment, which become evident at the age of 48 months. Mitochondrial disturbances may contribute to energetic depression in skeletal muscle in HD, which is in concordance with the mobility problems observed in this model.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rodinova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Georgina Askeland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zaneta Dosoudilova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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20
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Wang N, Luo Z, Jin M, Sheng W, Wang HT, Long X, Wu Y, Hu P, Xu H, Zhang X. Exploration of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the anti-aging effects of resveratrol in zebrafish retina. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:3117-3137. [PMID: 31105084 PMCID: PMC6555466 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is currently believed that aging is closely linked with mitochondrial dysfunction, and that resveratrol exhibits anti-aging and neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial function, even though the mechanisms are not well defined. This study explored mitochondrial quality (mitochondrial DNA integrity and copy number), mitochondrial function (fusion/fission, mitophagy/autophagy), antioxidant system and activity of the Akt/mTOR and Ampk/Sirt1/Pgc1α pathways, and inflammation in aging zebrafish retinas to identify the probable mechanisms of resveratrol's anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. mtDNA integrity, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial fusion regulators, mitophagy, and antioxidant-related genes were all decreased whereas Akt/mTOR activity and inflammation was increased upon aging in zebrafish retinas. Resveratrol was shown to not only increase mitochondrial quality and function, but also to suppress Akt/mTOR activity in zebrafish retinas. These results support the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Akt/mTOR activity are major players in age-related retinal neuropathy in zebrafish, and demonstrate a trend towards mitochondrial fragmentation in the aging retina. Importantly, resveratrol promoted mitochondrial function, up-regulating Ampk/Sirt1/Pgc1α, and down-regulated Akt/mTOR pathway activity in zebrafish retinas, suggesting that it may be able to prevent age-related oculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Han-Tsing Wang
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyi Long
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Piaopiao Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
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21
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Sam50-Mic19-Mic60 axis determines mitochondrial cristae architecture by mediating mitochondrial outer and inner membrane contact. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:146-160. [PMID: 31097788 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae are critical for efficient oxidative phosphorylation, however, how cristae architecture is precisely organized remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that Mic19, a core component of MICOS (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system) complex, can be cleaved at N-terminal by mitochondrial protease OMA1 under certain physiological stresses. Mic19 directly interacts with mitochondrial outer-membrane protein Sam50 (the key subunit of SAM complex) and inner-membrane protein Mic60 (the key component of MICOS complex) to form Sam50-Mic19-Mic60 axis, which dominantly connects SAM and MICOS complexes to assemble MIB (mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging) supercomplex for mediating mitochondrial outer- and inner-membrane contact. OMA1-mediated Mic19 cleavage causes Sam50-Mic19-Mic60 axis disruption, which separates SAM and MICOS and leads to MIB disassembly. Disrupted Sam50-Mic19-Mic60 axis, even in the presence of SAM and MICOS complexes, causes the abnormal mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial cristae junctions, abnormal cristae distribution and reduced ATP production. Importantly, Sam50 displays punctate distribution at mitochondrial outer membrane, and acts as an anchoring point to guide the formation of mitochondrial cristae junctions. Therefore, we propose that Sam50-Mic19-Mic60 axis-mediated SAM-MICOS complexes integration determines mitochondrial cristae architecture.
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22
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Van Laar VS, Otero PA, Hastings TG, Berman SB. Potential Role of Mic60/Mitofilin in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:898. [PMID: 30740041 PMCID: PMC6357844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no treatments that hinder or halt the inexorable progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the etiology of PD remains elusive, evidence suggests that early dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration and homeostasis play a major role in PD pathogenesis. The mitochondrial structural protein Mic60, also known as mitofilin, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial architecture and function. Loss of Mic60 is associated with detrimental effects on mitochondrial homeostasis. Growing evidence now implicates Mic60 in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we discuss the data supporting a role of Mic60 and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. We will also consider the potential of Mic60 as a therapeutic target for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Van Laar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P Anthony Otero
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology (CMP) Program, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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23
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Zheng J, Winderickx J, Franssens V, Liu B. A Mitochondria-Associated Oxidative Stress Perspective on Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:329. [PMID: 30283298 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00329/xml/nlm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is genetically caused by mutation of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. At present, the mechanisms underlying the defect of HTT and the development of HD remain largely unclear. However, increasing evidence shows the presence of enhanced oxidative stress in HD patients. In this review article, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HD and discuss mediators and potential mechanisms involved in mutant HTT-mediated oxidative stress generation and progression. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of the unicellular organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae in investigating mutant HTT-induced oxidative stress. Overall, this review article provides an overview of the latest findings regarding oxidative stress in HD and potential therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zheng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Large-scale Cell-based Screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Zheng J, Winderickx J, Franssens V, Liu B. A Mitochondria-Associated Oxidative Stress Perspective on Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:329. [PMID: 30283298 PMCID: PMC6156126 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is genetically caused by mutation of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. At present, the mechanisms underlying the defect of HTT and the development of HD remain largely unclear. However, increasing evidence shows the presence of enhanced oxidative stress in HD patients. In this review article, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HD and discuss mediators and potential mechanisms involved in mutant HTT-mediated oxidative stress generation and progression. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of the unicellular organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae in investigating mutant HTT-induced oxidative stress. Overall, this review article provides an overview of the latest findings regarding oxidative stress in HD and potential therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zheng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Large-scale Cell-based Screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Feng Y, Madungwe NB, Bopassa JC. Mitochondrial inner membrane protein, Mic60/mitofilin in mammalian organ protection. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3383-3393. [PMID: 30259514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane shed light on the intricate components necessary for mitochondria to form their signature cristae in which many protein complexes including the electron transport chain are localized. Mic60/mitofilin has been described as the core component for the assembly and maintenance of MICOS, thus controlling cristae morphology, protein transport, mitochondrial DNA transcription, as well as connecting the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Although Mic60 homologs are present in many species, mammalian Mic60 is only recently gaining attention as a critical player in several organ systems and diseases with mitochondrial-defect origins. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the ever-expanding role of Mic60 in mammals, and highlight some new studies pushing the field of mitochondrial cristae organization towards potentially new and exciting therapies targeting this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Feng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ngonidzashe B Madungwe
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
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26
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Cid-Castro C, Hernández-Espinosa DR, Morán J. ROS as Regulators of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:995-1007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Zhou H, Zhang Y, Hu S, Shi C, Zhu P, Ma Q, Jin Q, Cao F, Tian F, Chen Y. Melatonin protects cardiac microvasculature against ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of mitochondrial fission-VDAC1-HK2-mPTP-mitophagy axis. J Pineal Res 2017; 63:e12413. [PMID: 28398674 PMCID: PMC5518188 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac microvascular system, which is primarily composed of monolayer endothelial cells, is the site of blood supply and nutrient exchange to cardiomyocytes. However, microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) following percutaneous coronary intervention is a woefully neglected topic, and few strategies are available to reverse such pathologies. Here, we studied the effects of melatonin on microcirculation IRI and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Melatonin markedly reduced infarcted area, improved cardiac function, restored blood flow, and lower microcirculation perfusion defects. Histological analysis showed that cardiac microcirculation endothelial cells (CMEC) in melatonin-treated mice had an unbroken endothelial barrier, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, unobstructed lumen, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and less endothelial damage. In contrast, AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) deficiency abolished the beneficial effects of melatonin on microvasculature. In vitro, IRI activated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission, which subsequently induced voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization, hexokinase 2 (HK2) liberation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, PINK1/Parkin upregulation, and ultimately mitophagy-mediated CMEC death. However, melatonin strengthened CMEC survival via activation of AMPKα, followed by p-Drp1S616 downregulation and p-Drp1S37 upregulation, which blunted Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Suppression of mitochondrial fission by melatonin recovered VDAC1-HK2 interaction that prevented mPTP opening and PINK1/Parkin activation, eventually blocking mitophagy-mediated cellular death. In summary, this study confirmed that melatonin protects cardiac microvasculature against IRI. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to the inhibitory effects of melatonin on mitochondrial fission-VDAC1-HK2-mPTP-mitophagy axis via activation of AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shunying Hu
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Department of Radiation OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qinhua Jin
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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