1
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Chi ZH, Goodyer CG, Hales BF, Bayen S. Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107717. [PMID: 36630790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hao Chi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cindy Gates Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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2
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Abedini AH, Vakili Saatloo N, Salimi M, Sadighara P, Alizadeh Sani M, Garcia-Oliviera P, Prieto MA, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. The role of additives on acrylamide formation in food products: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2773-2793. [PMID: 36194060 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2126428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic substance formed in many carbohydrate-rich food products, whose formation can be reduced by adding some additives. Furthermore, the type of food consumed determines the AA intake. According to the compiled information, the first route causing AA formation is the Maillard reaction. Some interventions, such as reducing AA precursors in raw materials, (i.e., asparagine), reducing sugars, or decreasing temperature and processing time can be applied to limit AA formation in food products. The L-asparaginase is more widely used in potato products. Also, coatings loaded with proteins, enzymes, and phenolic compounds are new techniques for reducing AA content. Enzymes have a reducing effect on AA formation by acting on asparagine; proteins by competing with amino acids to participate in Maillard, and phenolic compounds through their radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, some synthetic and natural additives increase the formation of AA. Due to the high exposure to AA and its toxic effects, it is essential to recognize suitable food additives to reduce the health risks for consumers. In this sense, this study focuses on different additives that are proven to be effective in the reduction or formation of AA in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Abedini
- Students, Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naiema Vakili Saatloo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahla Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliviera
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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3
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Mojska H, Gielecińska I, Winiarek J, Sawicki W. Acrylamide Content in Breast Milk: The Evaluation of the Impact of Breastfeeding Women's Diet and the Estimation of the Exposure of Breastfed Infants to Acrylamide in Breast Milk. TOXICS 2021; 9:298. [PMID: 34822689 PMCID: PMC8618077 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide in food is formed by the Maillard reaction. Numerous studies have shown that acrylamide is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound. The aim of this study was to determine the level of acrylamide in breast milk at different lactation stages and to evaluate the impact of breastfeeding women's diet on the content of this compound in breast milk. The acrylamide level in breast milk samples was determined by LC-MS/MS. Breastfeeding women's diet was evaluated based on the 24 h dietary recall. The median acrylamide level in colostrum (n = 47) was significantly (p < 0.0005) lower than in the mature milk (n = 26)-0.05 µg/L and 0.14 µg/L, respectively. The estimated breastfeeding women's acrylamide intake from the hospital diet was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than that from the home diet. We found positive-although modest and borderline significant-correlation between acrylamide intake by breastfeeding women from the hospital diet µg/day) and acrylamide level in the colostrum (µg/L). Acrylamide has been detected in human milk samples, and a positive correlation between dietary acrylamide intake by breastfeeding women and its content in breast milk was observed, which suggests that the concentration can be reduced. Breastfeeding women should avoid foods that may be a source of acrylamide in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mojska
- Department of Nutrition and the Nutritive Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health-NIH-National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Waszyngtona 4/8, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Iwona Gielecińska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health, NIH-National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Winiarek
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (W.S.)
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4
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Timmermann CAG, Mølck SS, Kadawathagedara M, Bjerregaard AA, Törnqvist M, Brantsæter AL, Pedersen M. A Review of Dietary Intake of Acrylamide in Humans. TOXICS 2021; 9:155. [PMID: 34209352 PMCID: PMC8309717 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dietary intake of acrylamide (AA) is a health concern, and food is being monitored worldwide, but the extent of AA exposure from the diet is uncertain. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of estimated dietary intake. We performed a PubMed search identifying studies that used dietary questionnaires and recalls to estimate total dietary AA intake. A total of 101 studies were included, corresponding to 68 original study populations from 26 countries. Questionnaires were used in 57 studies, dietary recalls were used in 33 studies, and 11 studies used both methods. The estimated median AA intake ranged from 0.02 to 1.53 μg/kg body weight/day between studies. Children were represented in 25 studies, and the body-weight-adjusted estimated AA intake was up to three times higher for children than adults. The majority of studies were from Europe (n = 65), Asia (n = 17), and the USA (n = 12). Studies from Asia generally estimated lower intakes than studies from Europe and the USA. Differences in methods undermine direct comparison across studies. The assessment of AA intake through dietary questionnaires and recalls has limitations. The integration of these methods with the analysis of validated biomarkers of exposure/internal dose would improve the accuracy of dietary AA intake exposure estimation. This overview shows that AA exposure is widespread and the large variation across and within populations shows a potential for reduced intake among those with the highest exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Signe Sonne Mølck
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Manik Kadawathagedara
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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5
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Ngo-Thanh H, Thuy TD, Suzue K, Kamitani W, Yokoo H, Isoda K, Shimokawa C, Hisaeda H, Imai T. Long-term acrylamide exposure exacerbates brain and lung pathology in a mouse malaria model. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112132. [PMID: 33737113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of dietary acrylamide (ACR), a carcinogen, results in the dysfunction of various organs and the immune system. However, the impact of ACR exposure on the progression of infectious diseases is unknown. This study investigated the effect of ACR on the progression of malaria infection using a mouse model of malaria. C57BL/6 mice were continuously treated with ACR at a dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight/day for six weeks (long-term exposure) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Next, the mice were infected with the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbNK). Parasitemia and survival rate were analyzed in the different treatment groups. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of ACR exposure on the morphology of various organs. Long-term ACR exposure exacerbated PbNK-induced multiorgan dysfunction. MRI and histopathological analysis revealed signs of encephalomeningitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome in the PbNK-infected long-term ACR exposure mice, which decreased the survival rate of mice, but not in the PbNK-infected long-term PBS exposure group. These findings enhance our understanding of the impact of ACR on the progression of infectious diseases, such as malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ngo-Thanh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trang Dam Thuy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Suzue
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koji Isoda
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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6
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Lindeman B, Johansson Y, Andreassen M, Husøy T, Dirven H, Hofer T, Knutsen HK, Caspersen IH, Vejrup K, Paulsen RE, Alexander J, Forsby A, Myhre O. Does the food processing contaminant acrylamide cause developmental neurotoxicity? A review and identification of knowledge gaps. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:93-114. [PMID: 33617935 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a worldwide concern on adverse health effects of dietary exposure to acrylamide (AA) due to its presence in commonly consumed foods. AA is formed when carbohydrate rich foods containing asparagine and reducing sugars are prepared at high temperatures and low moisture conditions. Upon oral intake, AA is rapidly absorbed and distributed to all organs. AA is a known human neurotoxicant that can reach the developing foetus via placental transfer and breast milk. Although adverse neurodevelopmental effects have been observed after prenatal AA exposure in rodents, adverse effects of AA on the developing brain has so far not been studied in humans. However, epidemiological studies indicate that gestational exposure to AA impair foetal growth and AA exposure has been associated with reduced head circumference of the neonate. Thus, there is an urgent need for further research to elucidate whether pre- and perinatal AA exposure in humans might impair neurodevelopment and adversely affect neuronal function postnatally. Here, we review the literature with emphasis on the identification of critical knowledge gaps in relation to neurodevelopmental toxicity of AA and its mode of action and we suggest research strategies to close these gaps to better protect the unborn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Andreassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Hofer
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K Knutsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida H Caspersen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Vejrup
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Michalak J, Czarnowska-Kujawska M, Klepacka J, Gujska E. Effect of Microwave Heating on the Acrylamide Formation in Foods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184140. [PMID: 32927728 PMCID: PMC7570677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic substance that has recently been discovered in food. One of the factors affecting its formation is the heat treatment method. This review discusses the microwave heating as one of the methods of thermal food processing and the influence of microwave radiation on the acrylamide formation in food. In addition, conventional and microwave heating were compared, especially the way they affect the AA formation in food. Available studies demonstrate differences in the mechanisms of microwave and conventional heating. These differences may be beneficial or detrimental depending on different processes. The published studies showed that microwave heating at a high power level can cause greater AA formation in products than conventional food heat treatment. The higher content of acrylamide in microwave-heated foods may be due to differences in its formation during microwave heating and conventional methods. At the same time, short exposure to microwaves (during blanching and thawing) at low power may even limit the formation of acrylamide during the final heat treatment. Considering the possible harmful effects of microwave heating on food quality (e.g., intensive formation of acrylamide), further research in this direction should be carried out.
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Wongthanyakram J, Kheamphet P, Masawat P. Fluorescence Determination of Acrylamide in Snack, Seasoning, and Refreshment Food Samples with an iOS Gadget–Based Digital Imaging Colorimeter. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Constantin OE, Kukurová K, Daško Ľ, Stănciuc N, Ciesarová Z, Croitoru C, Râpeanu G. Modelling Contaminant Formation during Thermal Processing of Sea Buckthorn Purée. Molecules 2019; 24:E1571. [PMID: 31010039 PMCID: PMC6514760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of thermal treatment on acrylamide (ACR) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation was investigated for thermally treated sea buckthorn purée. Methods: An optimized procedure for minimizing ACR and HMF formation in thermally treated sea buckthorn purée was described. The precursors of ACR and HMF and their impact in heating of sea buckthorn purée to obtain jam-like products were also evaluated. Results: The contaminant content formed in samples was analyzed on thirteen running variants using a temperature range of 59.3-200.7 °C, and for heating durations between 5.9 and 34.1 min. The calculated equations of contaminant formation in sea buckthorn purée have established that the minimum content is formed at the lowest exposure time, between 10 and 20 min, for both ACR and HMF. The lowest ACR content was attained at 5.9-min exposure time and 130 °C temperature (0.3 µg/kg). For HMF the results revealed a lower quantity at 59.3 °C for 20-min exposure time (1.4 mg/kg). Conclusions: the found model is useful for the prediction of the best temperature/time conditions of the thermal treatment to obtain the lowest contaminates levels in the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Emilia Constantin
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania.
| | - Kristina Kukurová
- VUP Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Department of Chemistry and Food Analysis, Priemyslená 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľubomír Daško
- VUP Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Department of Chemistry and Food Analysis, Priemyslená 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania.
| | - Zuzana Ciesarová
- VUP Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Department of Chemistry and Food Analysis, Priemyslená 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Constantin Croitoru
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisesti, 61 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania.
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Huang M, Jiao J, Wang J, Xia Z, Zhang Y. Exposure to acrylamide induces cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish during cardiogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:656-666. [PMID: 29223822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), an environmental pollutant, has been linked to neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. AA is widely used to synthesize polymers for industrial applications, is widely found in Western-style carbohydrate-rich foods and cigarette smoke, and can also be detected in human umbilical cord blood and breast milk. This is the first study that demonstrated the cardiac developmental toxicity of AA in zebrafish embryos. Post-fertilization exposure to AA caused a clearly deficient cardiovascular system with a shrunken heart and abortive morphogenesis and function. Disordered expression of the cardiac genes, myl7, vmhc, myh6, bmp4, tbx2b and notch1b, as well as reduced number of myocardial cells and endocardial cells, indicated the collapsed development of ventricle and atrium and failed differentiation of atrioventricular canal (AVC). Although cell apoptosis was not affected, the capacity of cardiomyocyte proliferation was significantly reduced by AA exposure after fertilization. Further investigation showed that treatment with AA specifically reduced the expressions of nkx2.5, myl7 and vmhc in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM) during the early cardiogenesis. In addition, AA exposure disturbed the restricted expressions of bmp4, tbx2b and notch1b during atrioventricular (AV) valve development and cardiac chambers maturation. Our results showed that AA-induced cardiotoxicity was related to decreased cardiac progenitor genes expression, reduced myocardium growth, abnormal cardiac chambers morphogenesis and disordered AVC differentiation. Our study demonstrates that AA exposure during a time point analogous to the first trimester in humans has a detrimental effect on early heart development in zebrafish. A high ingestion rate of AA-containing products may be an underlying risk factor for cardiogenesis in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhidan Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Lambert M, Inthavong C, Hommet F, Leblanc JC, Hulin M, Guérin T. Levels of acrylamide in foods included in ‘the first French total diet study on infants and toddlers’. Food Chem 2018; 240:997-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Petrarca MH, Rosa MA, Queiroz SCN, Godoy HT. Simultaneous determination of acrylamide and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone in baby food by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1522:62-69. [PMID: 28985902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of acrylamide and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) in baby food. The sample preparation involves acetonitrile-based extraction combined with dispersive primary secondary amine (PSA) cleanup and cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE), which promotes efficient removal of matrix interferences. Analytical selectivity and sensitivity were achieved for the quantification of acrylamide and HDMF in complex matrices such as fruit, cereal and milk-based baby foods; furthermore, adequate linearity (range 10-300μgkg-1) in solvent and matrix-matched calibration curves, and appropriate recoveries (94-110%) and precision (RSD≤10%), under repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility conditions, were also obtained. Expanded measurement uncertainty was estimated at the 20μgkg-1 level (limit of quantification) on the basis of data obtained from in-house validation, with values of 25.5 and 16.5% for acrylamide and HDMF, respectively. The fitness for purpose of developed method was verified by analyzing 15 commercial baby foods available in the Brazilian market. Acrylamide was detected in one plum-based baby food (35μgkg-1) while HDMF in 67% of the samples analyzed (levels between 25 and 262μgkg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Rosa
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, 13820-000 Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Claudia Nascimento Queiroz
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, 13820-000 Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Pacetti D, Gil E, Frega NG, Álvarez L, Dueñas P, Garzón A, Lucci P. Acrylamide levels in selected Colombian foods. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:99-105. [PMID: 25494681 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.995236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) levels in conventional (n = 112) and traditional (n = 43) Colombian foods were analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection. Samples included: infant powdered formula, coffee and chocolate powders, corn snacks, bakery products and tuber-, meat- and vegetable-based foods. There was a wide variability in AA levels among different foods and within different brands of the same food, especially for coffee powder, breakfast cereals biscuits and French fries samples. Among the conventional foods tested, the highest mean AA value was found in bakery products, such as biscuit (1104 µg kg(-1)) and wafer (1449 µg kg(-1)), followed by potato chips (916 µg kg(-1)). On the other hand, among the traditional foods, higher AA amounts were detected in fried platano (2813 µg kg(-1)) and yuca (3755 µg kg(-1)) compared to other products. Interestingly, the arepa, a traditional Colombian bakery product made with corn flour, showed a lower AA content (< 75 µg kg(-1)) when compared with similar bakery products tested, such as soft bread (102-594 µg kg(-1)), which is a made with wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pacetti
- a Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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15
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Arvanitoyannis IS, Dionisopoulou N. Acrylamide: Formation, Occurrence in Food Products, Detection Methods, and Legislation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:708-33. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.606378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Michalak J, Gujska E, Kuncewicz A. RP-HPLC-DAD studies on acrylamide in cereal-based baby foods. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Acrylamide exposure among Turkish toddlers from selected cereal-based baby food samples. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:514-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Klenovics KS, Boor P, Somoza V, Celec P, Fogliano V, Sebeková K. Advanced glycation end products in infant formulas do not contribute to insulin resistance associated with their consumption. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53056. [PMID: 23301020 PMCID: PMC3534663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infant formula-feeding is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. In rodents and healthy humans, advanced glycation end product (AGE)-rich diets exert diabetogenic effects. In comparison with human breast-milk, infant formulas contain high amounts of AGEs. We assessed the role of AGEs in infant-formula-consumption-associated insulin resistance. METHODS Total plasma levels of N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), AGEs-associated fluorescence (λ(ex) = 370 nm/λ(em) = 445 nm), soluble adhesion molecules, markers of micro- binflammation (hsCRP), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes) and leptinemia were determined, and correlated with insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in 166 healthy term infants aged 3-to-14 months, subdivided according to feeding regimen (breast-milk- vs. infant formula-fed) and age (3-to-6-month-olds, 7-to-10-month-olds, and 11-to-14-month-old infants). Effects of the consumption of low- vs. high-CML-containing formulas were assessed. 36 infants aged 5.8 ± 0.3 months were followed-up 7.5 ± 0.3 months later. RESULTS Cross-sectional study: 3-to-6-month-olds and 7-to-10-month-old formula-fed infants presented higher total plasma CML levels and AGEs-associated fluorescence (p<0.01, both), while only the 3-to-6-month-olds displayed lower insulin sensitivity (p<0.01) than their breast-milk-fed counterparts. 3-to-6-month-olds fed low-CML-containing formulas presented lower total plasma CML levels (p<0.01), but similar insulin sensitivity compared to those on high-CML-containing formulas. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, levels of leptin and adhesion molecules did not differ significantly between the groups. Follow-up study: at initial investigation, the breast-milk-consuming infants displayed lower total plasma CML levels (p<0.01) and AGEs-associated fluorescence (p<0.05), but higher insulin sensitivity (p<0.05) than the formulas-consuming infants. At follow-up, the groups did not differ significantly in either determined parameter. CONCLUSIONS In healthy term infants, high dietary load with CML does not play a pathophysiological role in the induction of infant formula-associated insulin resistance. Whether a high load of AGEs in early childhood affects postnatal programming remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Simon Klenovics
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Carrasquer CA, Malik N, States G, Qamar S, Cunningham S, Cunningham A. Chemical structure determines target organ carcinogenesis in rats. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 23:775-795. [PMID: 23066888 PMCID: PMC3547634 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2012.728996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
SAR models were developed for 12 rat tumour sites using data derived from the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Essentially, the models fall into two categories: Target Site Carcinogen-Non-Carcinogen (TSC-NC) and Target Site Carcinogen-Non-Target Site Carcinogen (TSC-NTSC). The TSC-NC models were composed of active chemicals that were carcinogenic to a specific target site and inactive ones that were whole animal non-carcinogens. On the other hand, the TSC-NTSC models used an inactive category also composed of carcinogens but to any/all other sites but the target site. Leave one out (LOO) validations produced an overall average concordance value for all 12 models of 0.77 for the TSC-NC models and 0.73 for the TSC-NTSC models. Overall, these findings suggest that while the TSC-NC models are able to distinguish between carcinogens and non-carcinogens, the TSC-NTSC models are identifying structural attributes that associate carcinogens to specific tumour sites. Since the TSC-NTSC models are composed of active and inactive compounds that are genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, the TSC-NTSC models may be capable of deciphering non-genotoxic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Together, models of this type may also prove useful in anticancer drug development since they essentially contain chemical moieties that target a specific tumour site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Carrasquer
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - N. Malik
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - G. States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - S. Qamar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - S.L. Cunningham
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - A.R. Cunningham
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
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Determination of acrylamide level in commercial baby foods and an assessment of infant dietary exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2722-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Vikström AC, Warholm M, Paulsson B, Axmon A, Wirfält E, Törnqvist M. Hemoglobin adducts as a measure of variations in exposure to acrylamide in food and comparison to questionnaire data. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2531-9. [PMID: 22525869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measurement of haemoglobin (Hb) adducts from acrylamide (AA) and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) is a possibility to improve the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies of AA intake from food. This study aims to clarify the reliability of Hb-adduct measurement from individual single samples for exposure assessment of dietary AA intake. The intra-individual variations of AA- and GA-adduct levels measured in blood samples collected over 20 months from 13 non-smokers were up to 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively. The corresponding interindividual variations observed between 68 non-smokers, with large differences in AA intake, were 6-fold and 8-fold, respectively. The intra-individual variation of the GA-to-AA-adduct level ratio was up to 3-fold, compared to 11-fold between individuals (n = 68). From AA-adduct levels the average AA daily intake (n = 68) was calculated and compared to that estimated from dietary history methodology: 0.52 and 0.67 μg/kg body weight and day, respectively. At an individual level the measures showed low association (Rs = 0.39). CONCLUSIONS Dietary AA is the dominating source to measured AA-adduct levels and corresponding inter- and intra-individual variations in non-smokers. Measurements from single individual samples are useful for calculation of average AA intake and its variation in a cohort, and for identification of individuals only from extreme intake groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Vikström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry Unit, Stockholm University, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Structural and ultrastructural evidence of neurotoxic effects of fried potato chips on rat postnatal development. Nutrition 2012; 27:1066-75. [PMID: 21907898 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acrylamide (ACR), a proved rodent carcinogen and neurotoxic agent, is present in significant quantities in commonly consumed foods such as fried potato chips (FPC) and French fries, raising a health concern worldwide. We investigated and compared the neurotoxic effects of ACR and FPC on postnatal development. METHODS Female rats were treated with ACR (30 mg/kg of body weight), fed a diet containing approximately 30% of FPC during pregnancy, or fed a standard diet (control) and their offspring were examined. RESULTS Female rats treated with ACR or fed a diet containing FPC during pregnancy gave birth to litters with delayed growth and decreased body and brain weights. Light microscopic studies of the cerebellar cortex of treated animals revealed drastic decreases in Purkinje cells and internal granular layers. Different patterns of cell death were detected in Purkinje cells and neurons in the brains of pups born to treated mothers. Ultrastructural analysis of Purkinje cells revealed changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, loss of the normal arrangement of polyribosomes, swollen mitochondria with abnormally differentiated cristae, and an abnormal Golgi apparatus. The gastrocnemius muscle in the ACR and FPC groups showed extensive degeneration of myofibrils as evidenced by poorly differentiated A, H, and Z bands. CONCLUSION The present study reveals for the first time that rat fetal exposure to ACR, as a pure compound or from a maternal diet of FPC, causes cerebellar cortical defects and myodegeneration of the gastrocnemius muscle during the postnatal development of pups. These results warrant a systematic study of the health effects of the consumption of FPC and French fries in the general population.
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Oracz J, Nebesny E, Zyżelewicz D. New trends in quantification of acrylamide in food products. Talanta 2011; 86:23-34. [PMID: 22063508 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methods applied in acrylamide quantification in foods have been reviewed in this paper. Novel analytical techniques like capillary electrophoresis (CE), immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) and electrochemical biosensors, which can replace traditional methods like high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were presented. Short time of analysis and high resolution power of electrophoretic techniques caused that they became routinely used in food analysis apart from high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Application of modern chromatography methods like ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in acrylamide quantification considerably shortened the time of analysis and decreased the consumption of indispensable reagents. The most promising approaches to acrylamide quantification in foods are electrochemical biosensors and immunoenzymatic tests. In contrast to chromatography and electrophoretic methods they require neither expensive equipment nor time consuming sample preparation and allow for fast screening of numerous samples without the usage of sophisticated apparatuses. Because of many advantages such as miniaturization, rapid and simple analysis, and high sensitivity and selectivity, biosensors are thought to replace conventional methods of acrylamide quantification in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, 4/10 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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25
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Krska R, Becalski A, Braekevelt E, Koerner T, Cao XL, Dabeka R, Godefroy S, Lau B, Moisey J, Rawn DFK, Scott PM, Wang Z, Forsyth D. Challenges and trends in the determination of selected chemical contaminants and allergens in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:139-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Results on acrylamide levels in food from monitoring years 2007-2009 and Exposure assessment. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Contaminants are a vast subject area of food safety and quality and can be present in our food chain from raw materials to finished products. Acrylamide, an α,β-unsaturated (conjugated) reactive molecule, can be detected as a contaminant in several foodstuffs including baby foods and infant formulas. It is anticipated that children will generally have intakes that are two to three times those of adults when expressed on a body-weight basis. Though exposure to acrylamide is inevitable, it is necessary to protect infant and children from high exposure. The present review focuses on the several adverse health effects of acrylamide including mutagenicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, and the possible outcomes of childhood exposure from baby foods and infant formulas.
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Brandt P. Kontaminanten. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-010-0619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Dietary acrylamide exposure and hemoglobin adducts--National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-04). Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3098-108. [PMID: 20696196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dietary AA and hemoglobin adducts using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-04). Measured acrylamide (AA-Hb) and glycidamide (Gly-Hb) hemoglobin adducts for over 7000 participants >3 years, 24-h dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), lifestyle and demographic data, and anthropometric measurements are available from NHANES (2003-04). The 24-h dietary recall and FFQ data were combined with AA concentration data in food from the US FDA to estimate "usual" AA dietary exposure. The associations between dietary AA and AA-Hb and Gly-Hb were evaluated using linear regression models with smoking, age, gender, energy and macronutrient intake, body surface area, and activity level as covariates. Dietary AA positively correlates with AA-Hb and Gly-Hb (p<0.05) but the correlation is small (R-Squared<3.5%). Relative to the background adduct levels, the incremental increase in AA-Hb and Gly-Hb from average dietary AA is small (7% and 9% for AA-Hb and Gly-Hb, respectively). Non-dietary sources of exposure, measurement errors associated with the use of the FFQ, and uncertainty in the data on AA levels in foods are possible explanations for the observed lack of association between dietary AA and AA-Hb and Gly-Hb.
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30
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West C, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Porous graphitic carbon: A versatile stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3201-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Validation of a database on acrylamide for use in epidemiological studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:534-40. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Preweaning behaviors, developmental landmarks, and acrylamide and glycidamide levels after pre- and postnatal acrylamide treatment in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:373-82. [PMID: 20117204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At high levels of exposure, acrylamide monomer (AA) is a known neurotoxicant (LoPachin, 2004 [23]). The effects of lower levels of exposure, such as those experienced via a typical human diet, have not been widely investigated. Data at these levels are particularly relevant given the widespread human exposure through carbohydrate-containing foods cooked at high temperatures. Additionally, daily AA intake is estimated to be higher for infants and children. Earlier, we described behavioral alterations in preweaning rats resulting from developmental AA treatment (0.5-10.0mg/kg/day) (Garey et al., 2005 [14]). In the present study, the effects of lower doses were measured as well as serum AA and glycidimide (GA) levels in dams, fetuses, and young pups. Pregnant Fischer 344 dams (n=48-58/treatment group) were gavaged with 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 5.0mg AA/kg/day beginning on gestational day 6 and ending on the day of parturition. Beginning on postnatal day 1 (PND 1) and continuing through PND 21, all pups/litter were gavaged with the same dose as their dam. There were no AA treatment effects on offspring fur development, pinnae detachment, or eye opening. Offspring body weight was somewhat decreased by 5.0mg/kg/day, particularly in males. However, righting reflex (PNDs 4-7), slant board (i.e., negative geotaxis) (PNDs 8-10), forelimb hang (PNDs 12-16), and rotarod behavior (PNDs 21-22) were not significantly altered by AA treatment. Male and female offspring of the 5.0mg/kg/day group were 30-49% less active in the open field at PNDs 19-20 (p<0.05). Serum AA levels of GD20 dams and their fetuses were comparable, indicating the ability of AA to cross the placental barrier. AA levels of pups were not affected by age (PND 1 and 22) or sex. In all rats, serum AA and GA levels exhibited a dose-response relationship. These data extend those of our previous study (Garey et al., 2005 [14]) and demonstrate that overt preweaning neurobehavioral effects are apparent in rats exposed to acrylamide pre- and postnatally, but only at the highest doses tested.
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Garey J, Paule MG. Effects of chronic oral acrylamide exposure on incremental repeated acquisition (learning) task performance in Fischer 344 rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009; 32:220-5. [PMID: 19846048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a relatively potent neurotoxicant. The ingestion of carbohydrate-containing foods cooked at high temperature exposes humans to low levels of ACR virtually daily. At relatively high levels of exposure (i.e., sub-chronic through chronic levels of exposure of >or=20mg/kg body weight/day), ACR has been shown in both rats and humans to produce a variety of effects on the nervous system. The possibility that chronic dietary exposure to ACR might produce brain toxicity which could impede the development of learning skills is a question of current concern. This research evaluated the effects of ACR on learning task performance in Fischer 344 rats exposed daily beginning prenatally and continuing throughout the lifespan. Dams were gavaged with ACR since implantation [gestation day (GD) 6] with 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 or 5.0mg/kg/day through parturition. Gavaging continued at the same doses to pups through weaning on post-natal day (PND) 22 after which dosing continued via their drinking water. One male and one female per litter (8-9 per treatment group) were tested. Using an incremental repeated acquisition (IRA) task to assess learning ability, ACR-exposed Fischer 344 rats exhibited altered performance by 4 months of age. From approximately 1-8 months of age (through approximately PND 240), over 52 testing sessions, a significant treatment effect was found on percent task completed (PTC), with Tukey's post-hoc test (P<0.05) indicating a significantly lower PTC for the 5.0mg/kg/day group compared to controls. While there was no treatment effect on accuracy (P=0.53), a significant decrease in response rate was seen at 5.0mg/kg/day, suggesting that the noted decrease in PTC was due to a decrease in rate of responding, not to an effect on accuracy of task solution. Previous findings in these same animals performing a progressive ratio task for the assessment of motivation, as well as a range of tests of motoric function, suggest that this decreased response rate could be due to subtle motoric effects, or possibly due to decreases in psychomotor speed, but is most likely due to motivational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Garey
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72211, United States.
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El-Ziney M, Al-Turki A, Tawfik M. Acrylamide Status in Selected Traditional Saudi Foods and Infant Milk and Foods with Estimation of Daily Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2009.177.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang Y. New Research Developments on Acrylamide: Analytical Chemistry, Formation Mechanism, and Mitigation Recipes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4375-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800318s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yiping Ren
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Limited lactational transfer of acrylamide to rat offspring on maternal oral administration during the gestation and lactation periods. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:785-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Development of a high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the routine detection of the carcinogen acrylamide in food, via rapid derivatisation pre-analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 608:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Effect of crust temperature and water content on acrylamide formation during baking of white bread: Steam and falling temperature baking. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Rosén J, Nyman A, Hellenäs KE. Retention studies of acrylamide for the design of a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1172:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wenzl T, Lachenmeier DW, Gökmen V. Analysis of heat-induced contaminants (acrylamide, chloropropanols and furan) in carbohydrate-rich food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:119-37. [PMID: 17673989 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat-induced food contaminants have attracted attention of both the scientific community and the public in recent years. The presence of substances considered possibly or probably carcinogenic to humans has triggered an extensive debate on the healthiness of even staple foods. In that respect, acrylamide, furan and chloropropanols are the main substances of concern. Their widespread occurrence in processed food, which concomitantly causes considerable exposure to humans, led either to the setting of maximum limits (for some chloropropanols) or at least the initiation of monitoring programmes in order to put risk assessment on a solid data basis. Acrylamide, furan and chloropropanols are small molecules with physicochemical properties that make their analysis challenging. Their amount in food ranges typically from below the limit of detection to hundreds of micrograms per kilo or even milligrams per kilo. However, a number of recently published scientific reports deal with the analysis of these substances in different kinds of food. The aim of this publication is to give an overview of analytical approaches for the determination of acrylamide, furan and chloropropanols in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wenzl
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
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42
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Viklund G, Mendoza F, Sjöholm I, Skog K. An experimental set-up for studying acrylamide formation in potato crisps. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Dittrich R, Hoffmann I, Stahl P, Müller A, Beckmann MW, Pischetsrieder M. Concentrations of Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine in human breast milk, infant formulas, and urine of infants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:6924-8. [PMID: 16939359 DOI: 10.1021/jf060905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Maillard products, such as Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML), are readily formed during the manufacturing of infant formulas. Little has been known, however, about the presence of CML in human breast milk and about the uptake of CML by infants. In this study, CML was measured in the serum and breast milk of 32 healthy mothers by ELISA. CML concentrations in breast milk (137 +/- 82.7 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in the serum (399 +/- 67.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and on average 35-fold lower than in infant formulas (4754 +/- 4299.5 ng/mL). CML was also measured in the urine of 21 infants, which were fed with breast milk or formulas. Although there was a tendency toward higher urinary CML excretion in infants fed with hypoallergenic formulas compared to breast-fed ones, the differences were not significant. Neonates that were delivered by vaginal birth had significantly higher concentrations of CML compared to those delivered by caesarean section (1306 +/- 653 vs 601 +/- 220 ng/mL, p = 0.012). It is concluded that CML passes from the serum into the breast milk, but the levels are by far lower than in infant formulas. In very young neonates (< or =3 days), the mode of delivery has a greater influence on urinary CML excretion than the nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Dittrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Fink M, Andersson R, Rosén J, Åman P. Effect of Added Asparagine and Glycine on Acrylamide Content in Yeast-Leavened Bread. Cereal Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1094/cc-83-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fink
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Rosén
- Swedish National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Phone: +46 (0)18 67 20 45. Fax: +46 (0)18 29 95. E-mail:
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Petersson EV, Rosén J, Turner C, Danielsson R, Hellenäs KE. Critical factors and pitfalls affecting the extraction of acrylamide from foods: An optimisation study. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Claus A, Weisz GM, Kammerer DR, Carle R, Schieber A. A method for the determination of acrylamide in bakery products using ion trap LC-ESI-MS/MS. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:918-25. [PMID: 16189793 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide levels of bakery products, e. g., bread and bread rolls, are usually below 100 microg/kg , often even below 50 microg/kg. Therefore, usual analytical methods which have an LOQ greater, not dbl equals 25 microg/kg are not sensitive enough for detailed investigations on acrylamide formation within these commodities. An improved method for trace level determination of acrylamide in bakery products was developed using ion trap LC-ESI-MS/MS. Samples were divided into crumbs and crusts to achieve an initial concentration by removing the crumbs since these are devoid of acrylamide. After sample extraction and clean-up using multimode SPE cartridges, further analyte enrichment was accomplished by solid-phase-supported liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. The method was evaluated using bread, bread rolls, alkali-baked bread rolls, and toast. LOQ was calculated from the confidence interval of the calibration curve and found to be 1.7 ng/mL, corresponding to 17 microg/kg of product. When crumbs and crusts were separated, an LOQ of 10.2 microg/kg of bakery product could be obtained. As demonstrated in preliminary comparative analyses, accuracy of the method met the requirements for determination of trace level acrylamide formation in bakery products. Mean recovery was 102.4% (CV 4.5%), intermediate reproducibility revealed a CV of 2.1%, and a repeatability of CV 6.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Claus
- Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, August-von-Hartmann-Strasse 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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