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Ying Y, Hao W. Corrigendum: Immunomodulatory function and anti-tumor mechanism of natural polysaccharides: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1361355. [PMID: 38264646 PMCID: PMC10804138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1361355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147641.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ying
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Hao
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao J, He R, Zhong H, Liu S, Hussain M, Sun P. Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Grifola frondose Polysaccharide—Protein Complex in Combination with Cyclophosphamide in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072954. [PMID: 37049720 PMCID: PMC10095761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and remains a global health threat. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the combination of a cold-water extracted polysaccharide-protein complex from Grifolia frondosa (GFG) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) could inhibit tumor growth by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that the inhibition rate of GFG combined with CTX on H22 tumors was 65.29%, which was significantly higher than that of GFG treatment alone (24.82%). GFG combined with CTX significantly increased the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Additionally, thymus index, spleen index, natural killer (NK) cell activity, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels increased significantly after GFG treatment, especially after high-doses of GFG combined with CTX treatment (p < 0.05). The thymus index, spleen index, NK cell activity, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-2 levels were 1.90, 1.46, 1.30, 2.13, 1.64, 2.03, and 1.24 times of those treated with CTX alone. Thus, we proposed that GFG can alleviate the side effects of CTX by relieving the immunosuppressive effect, liver/renal injury, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the combination of GFG and CTX for cancer treatment may be a promising strategy, and GFG is expected to be a potential adjuvant alternative for the treatment of HCC.
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Ying Y, Hao W. Immunomodulatory function and anti-tumor mechanism of natural polysaccharides: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147641. [PMID: 36969152 PMCID: PMC10035574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from natural resources have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research and pharmaceutical fields, due to their medical values in anti-tumor, immunomodulation, drug delivery, and many other aspects. At present, a variety of natural polysaccharides have been developed as adjuvant drugs in clinical application. Benefit from their structural variability, polysaccharides have great potential in regulating cellular signals. Some polysaccharides exert direct anti-tumor effects by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while the majority of polysaccharides can regulate the host immune system and indirectly inhibit tumors by activating either non-specific or specific immune responses. As the essential of microenvironment in the process of tumor development has been gradually revealed, some polysaccharides were found to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via tumoral niche modulation. Here, we focused on natural polysaccharides with biomedical application potential, reviewed the recent advancement in their immunomodulation function and highlighted the importance of their signaling transduction feature for the antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ying
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Hao
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hou W, Zhao F, Fang L, Wang X, Wu D, Liu C, Leng Y, Gao Y, Fu J, Wang J, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptides Promote Autophagy via the Activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway to Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3751-3765. [PMID: 36802594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy flux plays a significant protective role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms by which autophagy mediates insulin resistance (IR) to ameliorate T2DM remain unclear. This study explored the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of walnut-derived peptides (fraction 3-10 kDa and LP5) in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet-induced T2DM mice. Findings revealed that walnut-derived peptides reduced the levels of blood glucose and FINS and ameliorated IR and dyslipidemia. They also increased SOD and GSH-PX activities and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, they increased the levels of ATP, COX, SDH, and MMP of liver mitochondria. Western blotting indicated that walnut-derived peptides up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expression, while they down-regulated p62 expression, which may be associated with the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Finally, the AMPK activator (AICAR) and inhibitor (Compound C) were used to verify that LP5 could activate autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in IR HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
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Pilkington K, Wieland LS, Teng L, Jin XY, Storey D, Liu JP. Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 11:CD012053. [PMID: 36445793 PMCID: PMC9707730 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012053.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used to improve survival in colorectal cancer but adverse effects can be a problem. Severe adverse effects may result in dose reduction or cessation of treatment, which have an impact on survival. Coriolus versicolor (Trametes versicolor or 'Turkey Tail') mushroom and its extracts have been used by cancer patients to help with adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of adjunctive Coriolus versicolor (Trametes versicolor) and its extracts on adverse effects and on survival during colorectal cancer treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) compared with no adjunctive treatment. SEARCH METHODS We searched databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, AMED and CINAHL, Chinese and Japanese databases, and trials registers to 12th April 2022 without restriction of language or publication status. We screened reference lists and attempted to contact researchers in the field to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of Coriolus versicolor and its extracts in adult participants with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer, in addition to conventional treatment. Interventions included any preparation of Coriolus versicolor (raw, decoction, capsule, tablet, tincture, extract, injection), any part of the fungus (cap, stem, mycelium or whole), in any dose or regimen. Outcomes included adverse events rates, survival, disease progression and recurrence, response rates and quality of life. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened and selected studies, extracted outcome data, and assessed risk of bias. We evaluated the overall certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included seven parallel RCTs (1569 participants). Six studies (1516 participants) were conducted in Japan and one study (53 participants) in China. Studies included both male and female participants with colorectal cancer (five studies), colon cancer (one study) or rectal cancer (one study). Participants were diagnosed with cancer ranging from stage II to stage IV. Coriolus was used in the form of an extract in all seven studies and was generally used after curative resection, although in one study it was used preoperatively. Duration of treatment with the extract varied between four weeks and three years. Chemotherapeutic regimens in six studies consisted of an oral fluoropyrimidine which was preceded by weekly intravenous 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in one study, by mitomycin C in two studies, and which was combined with folinic acid (Leucovorin) in two studies and with radiotherapy preoperatively in one study. XELOX (oxaliplatin intravenous infusion and capecitabine) was used in the remaining study. We found very low-certainty evidence of little to no effect of adjunctive treatment with Coriolus (in the form of an extract, polysaccharide-Krestin, PSK) on withdrawal from treatment due to adverse events (risk ratio (RR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 2.34; 703 participants; 3 studies;). We are uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor and its extracts compared to usual care alone resulted in a difference in adverse events including neutropenia (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.71; 133 participants; 3 studies; very low certainty), oral cavity disorders such as oral dryness and mucositis (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.03; 1022 participants; 5 studies; very low certainty), nausea (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.22; 969 participants; 4 studies; very low certainty), diarrhoea (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.86; 1022 participants; 5 studies; very low certainty), and fatigue (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.78; 133 participants; 3 studies; very low certainty). We found low-certainty evidence of a small effect of adjunctive Coriolus on improved survival at five years compared with no adjunctive care (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; 1094 participants; 3 studies; number needed to benefit (NNTB) = 16 (95% Cl 9 to 70). The effect at earlier time points was unclear. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the very low certainty of evidence, we were uncertain about the effect of adjunctive Coriolus (in the form of an extract PSK) on adverse events resulting from conventional chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. This includes effects on withdrawal of treatment due to adverse events and on specific adverse outcomes such as neutropenia and nausea. The uncertainty in the evidence also means that it was unclear whether any adverse events were due to the chemotherapy or to the extract itself. While there was low-certainty evidence of a small effect on overall survival at five years, the influence of reduced adverse effects on this could not be determined. In addition, chemotherapy regimens used in assessing this outcome do not reflect current preferred practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pilkington
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - L Susan Wieland
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lida Teng
- Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Yan Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dawn Storey
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jian Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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He Z, Lin J, He Y, Liu S. Polysaccharide-Peptide from Trametes versicolor: The Potential Medicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2841. [PMID: 36359361 PMCID: PMC9687461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have shown an upward trend in the past decade. Therefore, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer still need our continuous attention. Finding compounds with strong anticancer activity and low toxicity is a good strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Trametes versicolor is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom with a long history of being used to regulate immunity and prevent cancer. Its extractions were demonstrated with strong cell growth inhibitory activity on human colorectal tumor cells, while the anticancer activity of them is not acted through a direct cytotoxic effect. However, the intricacy and high molecular weight make mechanistic research difficult, which restricts their further application as a medication in clinical cancer treatment. Recent research has discovered a small molecule polysaccharide peptide derived from Trametes versicolor that has a distinct structure after decades of Trametes versicolor investigation. Uncertain molecular weight and a complex composition are problems that have been solved through studies on its structure, and it was demonstrated to have strong anti-proliferation activity on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo via interaction with EGFR signaling pathway. It opens up new horizons for research in this field, and these low molecular weight polysaccharide peptides provide a new insight of regulation of colorectal cancer proliferation and have great potential as drugs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sharma VK, Liu X, Oyarzún DA, Abdel-Azeem AM, Atanasov AG, Hesham AEL, Barik SK, Gupta VK, Singh BN. Microbial polysaccharides: An emerging family of natural biomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:706-731. [PMID: 34062265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) offer immense diversity in structural and functional properties. They are extensively used in advance biomedical science owing to their superior biodegradability, hemocompatibility, and capability to imitate the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment. Ease in tailoring, inherent bio-activity, distinct mucoadhesiveness, ability to absorb hydrophobic drugs, and plentiful availability of MPs make them prolific green biomaterials to overcome the significant constraints of cancer chemotherapeutics. Many studies have demonstrated their application to obstruct tumor development and extend survival through immune activation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest by MPs. Synoptic investigations of MPs are compulsory to decode applied basics in recent inclinations towards cancer regimens. The current review focuses on the anticancer properties of commercially available and newly explored MPs, and outlines their direct and indirect mode of action. The review also highlights cutting-edge MPs-based drug delivery systems to augment the specificity and efficiency of available chemotherapeutics, as well as their emerging role in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Wang J, Nie J, Wang D, Liu H, Liu M, Yang Y, Zhong S. The structural characterization and anticancer activity of a polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor is a traditional Chinese medicine and is widely applied as a functional food. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide, YZP-1a, was isolated from C. versicolor and its structure and anticancer activity were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Nie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - De Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Shian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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Pan F, Cai Z, Ge H, Ma S, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhang T. Transcriptome analysis reveals the hepatoprotective mechanism of soybean meal peptides against alcohol-induced acute liver injury mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112353. [PMID: 34146619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed was to explore the hepatoprotective potential of soybean meal peptides (SPs) against alcohol-induced liver injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms through transcriptome analysis. The chemical antioxidant analysis of SPs exhibited potent ABTS radical scavenging capacity (11.94 ± 0.41 mg TE/100 mg peptide), ferric reducing antioxidant power (6.42 ± 0.32 mmol Fe2+/100 mg peptide), and oxygen radical absorption capacity (14.78 ± 0.01 mg TE/100 mg peptide). Moreover, SPs increased cell viability and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in Caco-2 cells by H2O2-induced, and without cytotoxicity. In the mice model, preintervention with SPs reduced the levels of aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase, total cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde by alcohol-induced, meanwhile, increased the levels of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase by alcohol-induced. Histological analysis showed that SPs alleviated the liver injury by alcohol-induced and no toxic effects on the kidneys. According to transcriptome analysis, 1737 genes were significantly differentially expressed (1076 up-regulated and 661 down-regulated) after SPs pretreatment. The main functions of these genes were related to inflammation, lipid metabolism and oxidation. The findings from the present study suggested that SPs produced positive hepatoprotection and showed potential to be used as a dietary supplement or an ingredient of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Zhuanzhang Cai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Huifang Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Sitong Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Yiding Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
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Lam CS, Cheng LP, Zhou LM, Cheung YT, Zuo Z. Herb-drug interactions between the medicinal mushrooms Lingzhi and Yunzhi and cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a systematic review. Chin Med 2020; 15:75. [PMID: 32724333 PMCID: PMC7382813 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingzhi and Yunzhi are medicinal mushrooms commonly used with cytotoxic chemotherapy in cancer patients in Asian countries. The current systematic review aims to identify potential pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions from the existing literature to ensure their effective and safe combination usage in cancer patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on nine major Chinese and English databases, including China Journal Net, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Ovid MEDLINE®, etc., to identify clinical, animal, and in-vitro studies that evaluate the effect of combined use of Lingzhi or Yunzhi with cytotoxic drugs. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of clinical studies. RESULTS This search identified 213 studies, including 77 clinical studies that reported on the combined use of cytotoxic drugs with Yunzhi (n = 56) or Lingzhi (n = 21). Majority of these clinical studies demonstrated modest methodological quality. In clinical practice, the most commonly used cytotoxic drugs with Lingzhi were cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel, whereas Tegafur/uracil (UFT)/Tegafur, 5-FU, and mitomycin were the ones used more often with Yunzhi. Only two clinical pharmacokinetic studies were available showing no significant interactions between Polysaccharide K (PSK) and Tegafur. From the pharmacodynamic interactions perspective, combination uses of Yunzhi/Lingzhi with cytotoxic drugs in clinical practice could lead to improvement in survival (n = 31) and quality of life (n = 17), reduction in tumor lesions (n = 22), immune modulation (n = 38), and alleviation of chemotherapy-related side effects (n = 14) with no reported adverse effects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the clinical combination use of Lingzhi or Yunzhi with cytotoxic drugs could enhance the efficacy and ameliorate the adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs, leading to improved quality of life in cancer patients. More high quality clinical studies including pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions studies are warranted to verify these observations and mechanisms involved. Based on the high quality clinical data, pharmacoepidemiology methods and bioinformatics or data mining could be adopt for further identification of clinical meaningful herb-drug interactions in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sing Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lok Pui Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Min Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon City, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Anti-diabetic effect by walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)-derived peptide LPLLR through inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and alleviating insulin resistance of hepatic HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Habtemariam S. Trametes versicolor (Synn. Coriolus versicolor) Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: Targets and Efficacy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050135. [PMID: 32466253 PMCID: PMC7277906 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél. is a higher fungi or mushroom which is now known by its accepted scientific name as Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (family Polyporaceae). The polysaccharides, primarily two commercial products from China and Japan as PSP and PSK, respectively, have been claimed to serve as adjuvant therapy for cancer. In this paper, research advances in this field, including direct cytotoxicity in cancer cells and immunostimulatory effects, are scrutinised at three levels: in vitro, in vivo and clinical outcomes. The level of activity in the various cancers, key targets (both in cancer and immune cells) and pharmacological efficacies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Wang D, Calabrese EJ, Lian B, Lin Z, Calabrese V. Hormesis as a mechanistic approach to understanding herbal treatments in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 184:42-50. [PMID: 29080703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been long practiced and is becoming ever more widely recognized as providing curative and/or healing treatments for a number of diseases and physiological conditions. This paper posits that herbal medicines used in TCM treatments may act through hormetic dose-response mechanisms. It is proposed that the stimulatory (i.e., low dose) and inhibitory (i.e., high dose) components of the hormetic dose response correspond to respective "regulating" and "curing" aspects of TCM herbal treatments. Specifically, the "regulating" functions promote adaptive or preventive responses, while "curing" treatments alleviate the clinical symptoms. Patterns of hormetic responses are described, and the applicability of these processes to herbal medicines of TCM are explicated. It is noted that a research agenda aimed at elucidating these mechanisms and patterns would be expansive and complex. However, we argue its value, in that hormesis may afford something akin to a Rosetta Stone with which to interpret, translate, and explain TCM herbology in ways that are aligned with biomedical perspectives that could enable a more integrative approach to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Baoling Lian
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Saleh MH, Rashedi I, Keating A. Immunomodulatory Properties of Coriolus versicolor: The Role of Polysaccharopeptide. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1087. [PMID: 28932226 PMCID: PMC5592279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional uses of herbal medicine have depended mostly on anecdotal evidence for much of history. The increasing application of scientific rigor to the study some of these traditional therapies in recent years has revealed potent bioactivity, notably demonstrated by the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of an antimalarial compound from traditional Chinese herbs. Given the recent successes of immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade, there is a renewed interest in identifying new drugs with immunomodulatory effects. As an estimated 45-60% of cancer patients worldwide are reported to use complementary alternative medicine alongside traditional therapy, this review will highlight the literature on the immunomodulatory effects of one of these compounds. We report on the induction of a largely pro-inflammatory cytokine profile by the polysaccharopeptide (PSP) isolated from the Coriolus versicolor (Yun zhi) mushroom, as well as its effects on various immune subsets, and the clinical data that have led to its widespread adoption as an adjunct cancer therapeutic in many Eastern cultures. Particular focus is given to the potential mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of PSP and reports of its ability to promote antitumor immunity by helping overcome tolerogenic tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Saleh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iran Rashedi
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Hsu WK, Hsu TH, Lin FY, Cheng YK, Yang JPW. Separation, purification, and α-glucosidase inhibition of polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor LH1 mycelia. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Yang JP, Hsu T, Lin F, Hsu W, Chen Y. Potential antidiabetic activity of extracellular polysaccharides in submerged fermentation culture of Coriolus versicolor LH1. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1395-410. [PMID: 22944395 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account the rising trend of the incidence of cancers of various organs, effective therapies are urgently needed to control human malignancies. However, almost all of the chemotherapy drugs currently on the market cause serious side effects. Fortunately, several previous studies have shown that some non-toxic biological macromolecules, including polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes, possess anti-cancer activities or can increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of effort has been focused on discovering anti-cancer polysaccharides and complexes for the development of effective therapeutics for various human cancers. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-cancer efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes in the past 5 years. Most polysaccharides were tested using model systems, while several involved clinical trials.
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Yeung JHK, Or PMY. Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor competitively inhibit model cytochrome P450 enzyme probe substrates metabolism in human liver microsomes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:457-463. [PMID: 22305191 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor, is commonly used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy or health supplement in China. Previous studies have shown that PSP decreased antipyrine clearance and inhibited rat CYP2C11-mediated tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation and in human CYP2C9. In this study, the effects of the water extractable fraction of PSP on the metabolism of model CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 probe substrates were investigated in pooled human liver microsomes. PSP (1.25-20μM) dose-dependently decreased CYP1A2-mediated metabolism of phenacetin to paracetamol (IC(50) 19.7μM) and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of testosterone to 6β-hydroxytestosterone (IC(20) 7.06μM). Enzyme kinetics studies showed the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity was competitive and concentration-dependent (K(i)=18.4μM). Inhibition of testosterone to 6β-hydroxytestosterone was also competitive and concentration-dependent (K(i)=31.8μM). Metabolism of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan (CYP2D6-mediated) and chlorzoxazone to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (CYP2E1-mediated) was only minimally inhibited by PSP, with IC(20) values at 15.6μM and 11.9μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that PSP competitively inhibited the CYP1A2- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of model probe substrates in human liver microsomes in vitro. The relatively high K(i) values for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 would suggest a low potential for PSP to cause herb-drug interaction related to these CYP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Chan JYY, Chan E, Chan SW, Sze SY, Chan MF, Tsui SH, Leung KY, Chan RYK, Chung IYM. Enhancement of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of polysaccharide peptide from Grifola frondosa by chemical modifications. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1114-1120. [PMID: 21595572 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.569557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Grifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), maitake, is a widely consumed edible mushroom in some Asian countries. The fruit bodies and mycelia of maitake have shown different bioactive compounds with anticancer and other therapeutic properties. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated three chemically modified maitake polysaccharide-peptides' (MPSP) adjuvant effect (in vivo) and anticancer activity (in vitro growth inhibitory effect) compared with crude MPSP from G. frondosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the possibility of enhancing the adjuvant effect and anticancer effect of crude MPSP by using simple chemical modification methods to convert crude MPSP to phosphorylated, acetylated or esterified MPSPs. The adjuvant effect and growth inhibitory effect were evaluated by C6 cell inoculated rat model with cyclophosphamide (CPA) treatment and in vitro cell viability assay, respectively. RESULTS All four tested MPSPs showed significant adjuvant effect to CPA treatment on rats inoculated with C6 cancer cells. In addition, an obvious growth inhibitory effect was observed in C6 cancer cells but not in normal brain cells treated with various forms of MPSPs. Only phosphorylation could significantly (p < 0.05) improve the adjuvant effect (in vivo) and growth inhibitory effect. A same rank order (phosphorylated MPSP > esterified MPSP ≥ acetylated MPSP ≥ crude MPSP) of efficacy was observed in both the in vivo and in vitro assays. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study showed chemical phosphorylation could markedly enhance both adjuvant effects and growth inhibitory effects. This study demonstrated the feasibility of enhancing the efficacy of MPSP by using a simple chemical modification method, and this provides a foundation for future study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Yuen-Yan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yeung JHK, Or PMY. Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor competitively inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in specific human CYP2C9 isoform and pooled human liver microsomes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1170-1175. [PMID: 21757329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor, is commonly used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy in China. Previous studies have shown that PSP decreased antipyrine clearance and inhibited CYP2C11-mediated tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in the rat both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the effects of water extractable fraction of PSP on tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation was investigated in pooled human liver microsomes and in specific human CYP2C9 isoform. PSP (2.5-20μM) dose-dependently decreased the biotransformation of tolbutamide to 4-hydroxy-tolbutamide. Enzyme kinetics studies showed inhibition of tolbutamide 4-hydroxylase activity was competitive and concentration-dependent. In pooled human liver microsomes, PSP had a K(i) value of 14.2μM compared to sulfaphenazole, a human CYP2C9 inhibitor, showed a K(i) value of 0.32μM. In human CYP2C9 isoform, the K(i) value of PSP was 29.5μM and the K(i) value of sulfaphenazole was 0.04μM. This study demonstrated that PSP can competitively inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in both pooled human liver microsomes and specific human CYP2C9 in vitro. This study compliments previous findings in the rat that PSP can inhibit human tolbutamide 4-hydroxylase, but the relatively high K(i) values in human CYP2C9 would suggest a low potential for PSP to cause herb-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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Hor SY, Ahmad M, Farsi E, Lim CP, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1067-1076. [PMID: 21767625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coriolus versicolor, which is known as Yun Zhi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Recent studies have demonstrated its antitumor activities on cancer cells which led to its widespread use in cancer patient. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract after acute and subchronic administration in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In acute toxicity study, Coriolus versicolor water extract was administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (6 males, 6 females) at single doses of varying concentrations 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. In subchronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days to male and female SD rats respectively. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights and histopathological were evaluated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS There were no mortality and signs of toxicity in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. In the single dose acute toxicity and repeated dose 28-day subchronic toxicity studies, there were no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, gross pathology and histopathology between treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Coriolus versicolor water extract did not cause remarkable adverse effect in SD rats. The oral lethal dose of Coriolus versicolor water extract is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female rats is 5000 mg/kg per day for 28 days.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Agaricales/chemistry
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity
- Female
- Male
- Mushroom Poisoning/blood
- Mushroom Poisoning/etiology
- Mushroom Poisoning/pathology
- Mushroom Poisoning/psychology
- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Assessment
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Hor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Thetsrimuang C, Khammuang S, Chiablaem K, Srisomsap C, Sarnthima R. Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of crude polysaccharides from Lentinus polychrous Lév. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chemical modification and antitumor activities of two polysaccharide-protein complexes from Pleurotus tuber-regium. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:109-15. [PMID: 19397923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complexes, extracted from Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotia, were modified chemically to obtain their sulfated and carboxymethylated derivatives. While C6 position of glucan was fully substituted, C2, C3, and C4 were only partially substituted by sulfate groups. C3, C4, and C6 position of glucan were partially substituted during the carboxymethylation. Chain conformation and antitumor activity of the native samples and their derivatives were studied. The native samples and derivatives existed in sphere conformation, and showed potent in vitro antitumor activities. Water-solubility and introduction of ionic groups played important roles in enhancing the antitumor activities of the polysaccharide-protein complexes.
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Developmental neurotoxicity role of cyclophosphamide on post‐neural tube closure of rodents in vitro and in vivo. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:531-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yeung JHK, Or PMY. Effects of polysaccharide peptides from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor on glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in the mouse. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:953-61. [PMID: 17240508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polysaccharide peptide (PSP), an immunomodulator isolated from Coriolus versicolor COV-1, on glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes was investigated in C57 mouse. Administration of PSP (1-4 micromole/kg, i.p.) produced a transient, dose-dependent depletion (10-37%) of hepatic GSH, with no effect on serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity. Blood GSH was depleted (6-25%) at 3 h, followed by a rebound increase above the control GSH level (20%) at 18 h. The GSSG/GSH ratio, a measure of oxidative stress, was increased 3 h after PSP treatment but returned to normal levels at 24 h. Sub-chronic treatment of PSP (1-4 micromole/kg/day, i.p.) for seven days did not produce any significant changes in hepatic GSH levels and the GSSG/GSH ratio when measured 24 h after the final dose of PSP. PSP had little effect on glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG reductase) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in the liver. However, a dose-dependent increase in blood GPX activity (30-48%) was observed at 3h, which coincided with the increase in the GSSG/GSH ratio. The increase in blood GPX activity may be a responsive measure to deal with the transient oxidative stress induced by PSP treatment. The results showed that PSP only caused a transient perturbation on hepatic glutathione without affecting the GSH-related enzymes such as GST, GSSG reductase and GPX. The observed changes in blood GSH simply reflected the intra-organ translocation of glutathione, as the glutathione-related enzymes were not significantly affected by PSP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H K Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chan SL, Yeung JHK. Modulation of antipyrine clearance by polysaccharide peptide (PSP) isolated from Coriolus versicolor in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1607-12. [PMID: 16698162 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from Coriolus versicolor COV-1, has been previously shown to have immuno-stimulatory, anti-tumour and analgesic effects in animal models. When used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy in clinical trials carried out in China, PSP improved the quality of life in the patients by improving appetite and alleviating symptoms associated with cancer chemotherapy. In this study, the effects of non-toxic doses of PSP on phase I metabolism was investigated in the rat, using the conventional probe antipyrine. Acute PSP (3-5 micromol/kg, i.p.) treatment did not produce significant changes in antipyrine clearance. Sub-chronic treatment with PSP (1-3 micromol/kg/day, i.p., 3 days) decreased the antipyrine clearance (30-35%), with an increase in the plasma half-life (T1/2) by 55% and an increase in the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) by 61%. Total hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) was dose-dependently decreased (32-54%) after sub-chronic, but not the acute treatment of PSP. Given that PSP can affect phase I metabolism and hepatic cytochrome P450 content, the concomitant use of PSP with other therapeutic agents that undergo phase I metabolism should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Lung Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Yeung JHK, Chan SL, Or PMY. Polysaccharide peptides from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in the rat in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1414-23. [PMID: 16698161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide (PSP), isolated from COV-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor, is commonly used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy in China. In this study, the effects of whole PSP extract and water extract of PSP on 4-hydroxylation of tolbutamide were investigated in rat liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo in the rat. Both the whole PSP extract and the water soluble fraction (0.5-20 microM) decreased the metabolism of tolbutamide to 4-hydroxytolbutamide in vitro. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that PSP inhibited tolbutamide 4-hydroxylase activity in a competitive, concentration-dependent manner. The whole PSP extract had a Ki value of 12.6 microM and IC50 at 18.4 microM, while the water extract had a Ki value of 6.9 microM and IC50 at 9.8 microM. Sulphaphenazole, a specific human CYP2C9 inhibitor, showed a Ki value of 30.8 microM and IC50 at 44.0 microM in the test system. In the pharmacokinetic studies in vivo, acute PSP (4 micromol/kg, i.p.) treatment did not produce significant changes in tolbutamide clearance, but produced a decrease in the Cinitial (7.4%) and an increase in the Vd (7.4%). Sub-chronic pre-treatment of PSP (1-2 micromol/kg/day, i.p.) for three days did not affect the clearance and AUC of tolbutamide, but the Cinitial was decreased, together with increases in the T1/2, and Vd. The formation of 4-hydroxytolbutamide in vivo was decreased in both acute and sub-chronic studies. Taken together, this study demonstrated the PSP can inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the fact that CYP isoforms that metabolise tolbutamide are different between rat and human liver due to different catalytic characteristics, and rat studies may not be directly extrapolatable to man, the concomitant use of PSP with other CYP2C substrates should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H K Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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