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Borko V, Friganović T, Weitner T. Preparation and characterization of iron(III) nitrilotriacetate complex in aqueous solutions for quantitative protein binding experiments. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6499-6513. [PMID: 37966722 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Various preparations of iron(III) nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) solution reported in the literature lack a comprehensive method for accurate determination of FeNTA concentration and often result in unstable solutions. A detailed procedure for the preparation of FeNTA solution is presented that includes the standardization of both components of the chelate. The standardization of the components allowed the accurate determination of the molar absorption coefficients for the calculation of the FeNTA concentration in two different buffers at pH 5.6 and 7.4. The variation of pH in this range or ionic strength in the range from 0 M to 3 M (KCl) has little effect on the value of the molar absorption coefficient. The precise concentrations of all species involved in the equilibria between Fe and NTA were determined in the pH range 2-12 using the Jenkins-Traub algorithm to solve the 5th-order polynomial in Microsoft Excel. In view of the experimental observations and the calculated distribution of species, the stability of FeNTA solutions may be affected by the Fe : NTA ratio and the total concentrations, with dilute solutions and those with an excess of NTA over Fe showing higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borko
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Friganović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tin Weitner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Huang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Fu J, Jia Y, Ji L, Wang T. Bioactivity and health effects of garlic essential oil: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Zhenxin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Jiaolong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Yonglu Jia
- Department of Stomotology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Suzhou China
| | - Lilian Ji
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
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3
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Promising hepatoprotective effects of lycopene in different liver diseases. Life Sci 2022; 310:121131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Teng X, Guo P, Zuo Y, Zhao H, Wang P, Liang H. Garlic oil alleviates high triglyceride levels in alcohol‐exposed rats by inhibiting liver oxidative stress and regulating the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2479-2495. [PMID: 35959265 PMCID: PMC9361452 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Peiyu Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
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5
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Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Thiruvengadam M, Imran M, Olatunde A, Shariati MA, Bawazeer S, Naz S, Shirooie S, Sanches-Silva A, Farooq U, Kazhybayeva G. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Its Chemistry, Nutritional Composition, Toxicity and Anticancer Properties. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:957-972. [PMID: 34749610 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211105094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current review discuss the chemistry, nutritional composition, toxicity, and biological functions of garlic and its bioactive compounds against various types of cancers via different anticancer mechanisms. Several scientific documents were found in reliable literature and searched in databases viz Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Research Gate were carried out using keywords such as "garlic", "garlic bioactive compounds", "anticancer mechanisms of garlic", "nutritional composition of garlic", and others. Garlic contains several phytoconstituents with activities against cancer, and these compounds such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), allicin, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), and allyl mercaptan (AM). The influence of numerous garlic-derived products, phytochemicals, and nanoformulations on the liver, oral, prostate, breast, gastric, colorectal, skin, and pancreatic cancers has been studied. Based on our search, the bioactive molecules in garlic were found to inhibit the various phases of cancer. Moreover, the compounds in this plant also abrogate the peroxidation of lipids, activity of nitric oxide synthase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), protein kinase C, and regulate cell cycle and survival signaling cascades. Hence, garlic and its bioactive molecules exhibit the aforementioned mechanistic actions and thus, they could be used to inhibit the induction, development and progression of cancer. The review describes the nutritional Composition of garlic, its bioactive molecules, and nanoformulations against various types of cancers, as well as the potential for developing these agents as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23430, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus. United Arab Emirates
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029. South Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272. Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management [the First Cossack University], Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Samira Shirooie
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah. Iran
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, 4485-655 Vila do Conde. Portugal
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-campus. Pakistan
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6
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Tao D, Li F, Hu X, Liao X, Zhang Y. Quality comparison of "Laba" garlic processed by High Hydrostatic Pressure and High Pressure Carbon Dioxide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3719. [PMID: 32111899 PMCID: PMC7048805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of "Laba" garlic is limited to the homemade method with long processing time and non-uniform color quality. Innovative food processing technologies including high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) were applied to the processing of "Laba" garlic. Products prepared at different treatment pressures (200, 350 and 500 MPa of HHP; 4, 7 and 10 MPa of HPCD) were compared by evaluating the texture, color, flavor and sensory qualities. The results indicated that HHP treatment at 200 MPa was optimal for retaining the textural quality of "Laba" garlic, which was mainly attributed to the compacted cells and the increased Ca2+-cross linked cell-cell adhesion. HHP had greater effect on facilitating the formation of the attractive green color of "Laba" garlic than HPCD. The flavor profiles of "Laba" garlic were modified after treatments, with pungent compounds decreased to non-detectable. The results from sensory study confirmed that "Laba" garlic treated by HHP at 200 MPa was most acceptable to consumers. Moreover, considering the treatment capacity and feasibility of commercialization, HHP would be a promising technology in production of "Laba" garlic with improved quality and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Fangwei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ekeleme-Egedigwe CA, Famurewa AC, David EE, Eleazu CO, Egedigwe UO. Antioxidant potential of garlic oil supplementation prevents cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative testicular damage and endocrine depletion in rats. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Yamaguchi Y, Honma R, Yazaki T, Shibuya T, Sakaguchi T, Uto-Kondo H, Kumagai H. Sulfuric Odor Precursor S-Allyl-l-Cysteine Sulfoxide in Garlic Induces Detoxifying Enzymes and Prevents Hepatic Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090385. [PMID: 31509980 PMCID: PMC6769545 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) is a precursor of garlic-odor compounds like diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) known as bioactive components. ACSO has suitable properties as a food material because it is water-soluble, odorless, tasteless and rich in bulbs of fresh garlic. The present study was conducted to examine the preventive effect of ACSO on hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats. ACSO, its analogs and garlic-odor compounds were each orally administered via gavage for five consecutive days before inducing hepatic injury. Then, biomarkers for hepatic injury and antioxidative state were measured. Furthermore, we evaluated the absorption and metabolism of ACSO in the small intestine of rats and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation by ACSO using HepG2 cells. As a result, ACSO, DADS and DATS significantly suppressed the increases in biomarkers for hepatic injury such as the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreases in antioxidative potency such as glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also found ACSO was absorbed into the portal vein from the small intestine but partially metabolized to DADS probably in the small intestine. In in vitro study, ACSO induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in HepG2 cells, which is recognized as an initial trigger to induce antioxidative and detoxifying enzymes. Taken together, orally administered ACSO probably reached the liver and induced antioxidative and detoxifying enzymes by Nrf2 nuclear translocation, resulting in prevention of hepatic injury. DADS produced by the metabolism of ACSO in the small intestine might also have contributed to the prevention of hepatic injury. These results suggest potential use of ACSO in functional foods that prevent hepatic injury and other diseases caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Honma
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi 252-0880, Japan.
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9
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Pandey P, Bhatt PC, Rahman M, Patel DK, Anwar F, Al-Abbasi F, Verma A, Kumar V. Preclinical renal chemo-protective potential of Prunus amygdalus Batsch seed coat via alteration of multiple molecular pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:88-96. [PMID: 28835129 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1364773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prunus amygdalus Batsch (almond) is a classical nutritive traditional Indian medicine. Along with nutritive with anti-oxidant properties, it is, clinically, used in the treatment of various diseases with underlying anti-oxidant mechanism. This study is an effort to scrutinise the renal protective effect of P. amygdalus Batsch or green almond (GA) seed coat extract and its underlying mechanism in animal model of Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC was induced in Swiss Albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of Fe-NTA. The rats were then treated with ethanolic extract of GA (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg per oral) for 22 weeks. Efficacy of GA administration was evaluated by change in biochemical, renal, macroscopical and histopathological parameters and alterations. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inflammatory mediator including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were also observed to explore the possible mechanisms. The oral administration of GA significantly (p < .001) altered the Fe-NTA induced RCC in rats by inhibition of renal nodules, decolourisation of tissues, tumour promoter marker including thymidine 3[H] incorporation, ornithine decarboxylase, renal parameters and anti-oxidant parameters in serum. Additionally, GA treatment significantly (p < .001) down-regulated the IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, inflammatory mediators PGE2 and NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathology observation supported the renal protective effect of GA by alteration in necrosis, size of Bowman capsules and inflammatory cells. Hence, it can be concluded that GA possesses observable chemo-protective action and effect on Fe-NTA induced RCC via dual inhibition mechanism one by inhibiting free radical generation and second by inhibiting inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diet therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Dietary Supplements/analysis
- Dietary Supplements/economics
- Ethnopharmacology
- Free Radical Scavengers/administration & dosage
- Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry
- Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology
- Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/diet therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Necrosis
- Nuts/chemistry
- Nuts/economics
- Plant Epidermis/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Prunus dulcis/chemistry
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Seeds/chemistry
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pandey
- a Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences , Allahabad , India
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- b Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- a Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences , Allahabad , India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- a Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences , Allahabad , India
| | - Firoz Anwar
- c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Abbasi
- c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- d Bio-organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences , Allahabad , India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- a Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences , Allahabad , India
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Joël Essogo J, Moukette Moukette B, Tankeu FN, Nanfack P, Pieme CA. Zanthoxylum heitzii Modulates Ferric Nitrilotriacetate-Dependent Oxidative Alterations in Four Vital Organs: An In Vitro Organoprotective Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6058150. [PMID: 28852413 PMCID: PMC5567441 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6058150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a highly reactive compound used to induce degenerative disorders through oxidative stress (OS). Zanthoxylum heitzii (Z. heitzii) is a spice used as a medicinal plant to treat a variety of illnesses. This study investigated the ability of extracts from the leaves, fruits, roots, and barks of Z. Heitzii to inhibit Fe-NTA mediated oxidative damage in rats. The supernatant of rat liver homogenates was pretreated with the extracts for one hour before the induction of oxidative damage using a solution of Fe-NTA (400 mM). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidases were measured together with the marker of lipid peroxidation and the level of glutathione. The pretreated groups showed a significant increase in the activity of SOD, catalase, and peroxidases. The methanolic extract from the leaves of Z. heitzii (36.78 ± 3.30) and aqueous extract from the fruits (37.01 ± 2.52) showed the highest activities of SOD in the liver. The lowest concentration of MDA was found in the liver, and the glutathione was greater in the brain. Conclusively, these results suggest that Z. heitzii might be a chemoprotector which may be used in for prevention of distinct types of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Joël Essogo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francine Nzufo Tankeu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Nanfack
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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11
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Verma A, Ahmed B, Anwar F, Rahman M, Patel DK, Kaithwas G, Rani R, Bhatt PC, Kumar V. Novel glycoside from Wedelia calendulacea inhibits diethyl nitrosamine-induced renal cancer via downregulating the COX-2 and PEG2 through nuclear factor-κB pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:159-175. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Tao D, Zhou B, Zhang L, Hu X, Liao X, Zhang Y. 'Laba' garlic processed by dense phase carbon dioxide: the relation between green colour generation and cellular structure, alliin consumption and alliinase activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2969-2975. [PMID: 26374695 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Laba' garlic is usually processed by soaking garlic in vinegar for more than 1 week during winter. It is popular for its unique green colour and tasty flavour. Greening is desirable and required for this product as its characteristic. Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) had a significant effect on the greening of intact garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves. The relation between green colour generation and alliin consumption, alliinase activity and the cellular structure of garlic, respectively, were investigated in this work. The effects of treatment time, pressure and temperature of DPCD were also analysed and discussed. RESULTS DPCD had a significant effect on the cellular structure of garlic cells. Garlic protoplast underwent greater morphological change after DPCD treatments at higher temperatures while the amount of precipitate increased with greater treatment time and temperature. Common trends on garlic greening and alliin consumption were observed except for DPCD treatment at 10 MPa and 65 °C. The alliinase activity decreased with increasing treatment time, pressure and temperature. It reached the lowest level at 13 MPa and 55 °C. CONCLUSION The formation of the green colour was a comprehensive result of DPCD on changing cellular structure, alliin consumption and alliinase activity. DPCD treatment at 10 MPa and 55 °C was the optimum condition for the greening of 'Laba' garlic. This work further facilitated the application of DPCD in the industrial production of 'Laba' garlic. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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13
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Ansar S, Iqbal M. Amelioration of ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by diallylsulfide. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:259-66. [PMID: 25904316 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115583362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Garlic contains diallylsulfide (DAS) and other structurally related compounds that are widely believed to be active agents in preventing cancer. This study shows the effect of DAS (a phenolic antioxidant used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products) on ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 125-150 g were given a single dose of Fe-NTA (9 mg kg(-1) body weight, intraperitoneally) after 1 week of treatment with 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) DAS in corn oil respectively administered through the gavage. Fe-NTA administration led to 2.5-fold increase in the values of both alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, and 3.2-fold increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, microsomal lipid peroxidation to approximately 2.0-fold compared to saline-treated control. The activities of glutathione (GSH) and other antioxidant enzymes decreased to a range of 2.2-2.5-fold. These changes were reversed significantly (p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of DAS. DAS protected against hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide generation, preserved GSH levels, and GSH metabolizing enzymes to 60-80% as compared to Fe-NTA alone-treated group. Present data suggest that DAS can ameliorate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and suppress oxidant-induced tissue injury and hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Sabah, Malaysia
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14
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Abstract
The Allium genus includes garlic, onions, shallots, leeks, and chives. These vegetables are popular in cuisines worldwide and are valued for their potential medicinal properties. Epidemiologic studies, while limited in their abilities to assess Allium consumption, indicate some associations of Allium vegetable consumption with decreased risk of cancer, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Limited intervention studies have been conducted to support these associations. The majority of supportive evidence on Allium vegetables cancer-preventive effects comes from mechanistic studies. These studies highlight potential mechanisms of individual sulfur-containing compounds and of various preparations and extracts of these vegetables, including decreased bioactivation of carcinogens, antimicrobial activities, and redox modification. Allium vegetables and their components have effects at each stage of carcinogenesis and affect many biologic processes that modify cancer risk. This review discusses the cancer-preventive effects of Allium vegetables, particularly garlic and onions, and their bioactive sulfur compounds and highlights research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Nicastro
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Sharon A Ross
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John A Milner
- USDA/ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
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Zhuang T, Han H, Yang Z. Iron, oxidative stress and gestational diabetes. Nutrients 2014; 6:3968-80. [PMID: 25255832 PMCID: PMC4179198 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both iron deficiency and hyperglycemia are highly prevalent globally for pregnant women. Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy to control iron deficiency. The purposes of the review are to assess the oxidative effects of iron supplementation and the potential relationship between iron nutrition and gestational diabetes. High doses of iron (~relative to 60 mg or more daily for adult humans) can induce lipid peroxidation in vitro and in animal studies. Pharmaceutical doses of iron supplements (e.g., 10× RDA or more for oral supplements or direct iron supplementation via injection or addition to the cell culture medium) for a short or long duration will induce DNA damage. Higher heme-iron intake or iron status measured by various biomarkers, especially serum ferritin, might contribute to greater risk of gestational diabetes, which may be mediated by iron oxidative stress though lipid oxidation and/or DNA damage. However, information is lacking about the effect of low dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) on lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and gestational diabetes. Randomized trials of low-dose iron supplementation (≤60 mg daily) for pregnant women are warranted to test the relationship between iron oxidative stress and insulin resistance/gestational diabetes, especially for iron-replete women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhuang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Huijun Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the Ministry of Health, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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Lan X, Sun H, Liu J, Lin Y, Zhu Z, Han X, Sun X, Li X, Zhang H, Tang Z. Effects of garlic oil on pancreatic cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5905-10. [PMID: 24289598 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the preventive and therapeutic potential of garlic oil on human pancreatic carcinoma cells. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to study the effects of garlic oil on three human pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1, Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), staining with PI and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Morphologic changes of pancreatic cancer cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after treatment with garlic oil at low inhibitory concentrations (2.5 μM and 10 μM) for 24 hours. RESULTS Proliferation of the AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells was obviously inhibited in the first 24 hours with the MTT assay. The inhibition effect was more significant after 48 hours. When cells were exposed to garlic oil at higher concentrations, an early change of the apoptotic tendency was detected by FCM and TEM. CONCLUSION Garlic oil could inhibit the proliferation of AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells in this study. Moreover, due to programmed cell death, cell cycle arrest, or both, pro-apoptosis effects on AsPC-1 cells were induced by garlic oil in a dose and time dependent manner in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xy Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China E-mail :
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Ansar S, Iqbal M, AlJameil N. Diallyl sulphide, a component of garlic, abrogates ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:1209-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114524237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induces tissue necrosis as a result of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative damage that leads to high incidence of renal carcinomas. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diallyl sulphide (DAS) against Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 30 healthy male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: (1) control, (2) DAS (200 mg kg−1), (3) Fe-NTA (9 g Fe kg−1), (4) DAS (100 mg kg−1) + Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe kg−1) and (5) DAS (200 mg kg−1) + Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe kg−1). Fe-NTA + DAS-treated groups were given DAS for a period of 1 week before Fe-NTA administration. The intraperitoneal administration of Fe-NTA enhanced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels with reduction in levels of antioxidant enzymes. However, significant restoration of depleted renal glutathione and its dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione- S-transferase) was observed in DAS pretreated groups. DAS also attenuated Fe-NTA-induced increase in LPO, hydrogen peroxide generation and protein carbonyl formation ( p < 0.05). The results indicate that DAS may be beneficial in ameliorating the Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N AlJameil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zeng T, Li Y, Zhang CL, Yu LH, Zhu ZP, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. Garlic oil suppressed the hematological disorders induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. J Food Sci 2014; 78:H936-42. [PMID: 23772706 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the anticancer effects of garlic and its products have been demonstrated by a variety of studies; however, few studies were conducted to investigate the effects of garlic on the adverse effects of chemo/radiotherapy. In order to clarify the above question and make a more comprehensive understanding of the anticancer effects of garlic, tumor xenograft mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of H22 tumor cells, and was used for the investigation of effects of garlic oil (GO) on the chemo/radiotherapy. In the chemotherapy test, tumor-bearing mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or CTX plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) for 14 d, while the mice received a single 5 Gy total body radiation or radiation plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) in radiotherapy test. The results showed that GO did not increase the tumor inhibitory rate of CTX/radiation, which indicated that GO could not enhance the chemo/radiosensitivity of cancer cells. However, the decrease of the peripheral total white blood cells (WBCs) count induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. Furthermore, GO cotreatment significantly inhibited the decrease of the DNA contents and the micronuclei ratio of the bone marrow. Lastly, the reduction of the endogenous spleen colonies induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. These findings support the idea that GO consumption may benefit for the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- School of Public Health, Shandong Univ., 44 Wenhua West Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250012, People's Republic of China
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Yun HM, Ban JO, Park KR, Lee CK, Jeong HS, Han SB, Hong JT. Potential therapeutic effects of functionally active compounds isolated from garlic. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:183-95. [PMID: 24333688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal properties of functionally active organosulfur compounds such as allin, diallyl disulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, and S-trityl-L-cysteine isolated from garlic have received great attention from a large number of investigators who have studied their pharmacological effects for the treatment of various diseases. These organosulfur compounds are able to prevent for development of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and liver diseases as well as allergy and arthritis. There have been also many reports on toxicities and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. The aim of this study is to review a variety of experimental and clinical reports, and describe the effectiveness, toxicities and pharmacokinetics, and possible mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of functionally active compounds isolated from garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhang M, Lei N, Zhu T, Zhang Z. Thermal processing effects on the chemical constituent and antioxidant activity of s-alk(en)ylcysteine s-oxides (alliin) extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Ansar S, Tabassum H, Jameil NA. Protective effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on ferric nitrilotriacetate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:513-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113477876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), associated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice. The treatment of mice with Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.6 folds, protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2.9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [3H] thymidine incorporation increased to 3.2 folds, and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1.8–2.5 folds, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. These changes were reversed significantly ( p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of BHT. Our data show that BHT can reciprocate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Tabassum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al Jameil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Zhang CL, Zeng T, Zhao XL, Yu LH, Zhu ZP, Xie KQ. Protective effects of garlic oil on hepatocarcinoma induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:363-74. [PMID: 22393308 PMCID: PMC3291853 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the protective effects and the possible mechanisms of garlic oil (GO) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats, Wistar rats were gavaged with GO (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 1 week, and then were gavaged with GO and NDEA (10 mg/kg) for the next 20 weeks. The changes of morphology, histology, the biochemical indices of serum, and DNA oxidative damage of liver were examined to assess the protective effects. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant defense system, and apoptosis-related proteins were measured to investigate potential mechanisms. At the end of the study (21 weeks), GO administration significantly inhibited the increase of the nodule incidence and average nodule number per nodule-bearing liver induced by NDEA, improved hepatocellular architecture, and dramatically inhibited NDEA-induced elevation of serum biochemical indices (alanine aminotransferase , aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and hepatic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanistic studies demonstrated that GO counteracted NDEA-induced oxidative stress in rats illustrated by the restoration of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels, and the reduction of the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, andβ-arrestin-2 were significantly decreased whereas those of Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased. These data suggest that GO exhibited significant protection against NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which might be related with the enhancement of the antioxidant activity and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Li Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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24
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Zeng T, Zhang CL, Song FY, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. Garlic oil alleviated ethanol-induced fat accumulation via modulation of SREBP-1, PPAR-α, and CYP2E1. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:485-91. [PMID: 22138249 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Garlic oil (GO) has been shown to partially attenuate ethanol-induced fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of GO against ethanol-induced steatosis in vitro and in vivo, and to explore potential mechanisms by investigating the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), and etc. In the in vitro study, human normal cell LO2 was exposed to 100 mM ethanol in the presence or absence of GO for 24 h. We found that ethanol increased the protein levels of n-SREBP-1c and CYP2E1, but decreased the protein levels of PPAR-α, which was significantly attenuated by GO co-treatment. In the in vivo study, male Kun-Ming mice were pretreated with single dose of GO (50-200 mg/kg body weight) at 2 h before ethanol (4.8 g/kg body weight) exposure. The changes of n-SREBP-1c, PPAR-α and CYP2E1 were paralleled well to those of in vitro study. Furthermore, GO significantly reduced the protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), and suppressed ethanol-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggested that GO had the potential to ameliorate alcoholic steatosis which might be related to its modulation on SREBP-1c, PPAR-α, and CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Shandong, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Abstract
The present article reviews the historical and popular uses of garlic, its antioxidant, haematological, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and antineoplastic properties and its potential toxicity (from sulfoxide). Garlic has been suggested to affect several cardiovascular risk factors. It has also been shown that garlic and its organic allyl sulfur components are effective inhibitors of the cancer process. Since garlic and its constituents can suppress carcinogen formation, bioactivation and tumour proliferation, it is imperative that biomarkers be established to identify which individuals might benefit most. Garlic powder, aged garlic and garlic oil have demonstrated antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects by interfering with cyclo-oxygenase-mediated thromboxane synthesis. Garlic has also been found to have synergistic effects against Helicobacter pylori with a proton pump inhibitor. The active compound allicin may affect atherosclerosis not only by acting as an antioxidant, but also by other mechanisms, such as lipoprotein modification and inhibition of LDL uptake and degradation by macrophages. Freshly prepared garlic homogenate protects against isoniazid+rifampicin-induced liver injury in experimental animal models. Several mechanisms are likely to account for this protection.
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Huang CS, Hu ML. Lycopene inhibits DNA damage and reduces hMTH1 mRNA expression in the liver of Mongolian gerbils treated with ferric nitrilotriacetate. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1381-6. [PMID: 21421019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that lycopene may reduce the risk of certain cancers, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hereby examined in vivo anticarcinogenic effects of supplemental lycopene on hepatic DNA damage (Comet formation and levels of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-dG) and human MutT homologue (hMTH1) mRNA expression in Mongolian gerbils injected i.p. with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe/NTA). Gerbils were pre-treated with two dose (10 and 20 mg/kg BW) of lycopene on alternate morning for 10 d. Six hours after the last lycopene supplementation, the gerbils received Fe/NTA (0.16 mmol/10 mL/kg BW) and were killed 3 h later. We found that the livers of Fe/NTA-treated animals exhibited a 5-fold increase in Comet formation (expressed as tail moment), a 2.6-fold increase in 8-oxo-dG levels and a significant increase in hMTH1 mRNA expression. Supplemental lycopene completely inhibited Comet formation (P<0.001) and significantly suppressed 8-oxo-dG levels and hMTH1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of hMTH1 mRNA are highly correlated with hepatic levels of 8-oxo-dG and tail moment, suggesting that hMTH1 gene expression represents a molecular marker of oxidative DNA damage. These results demonstrate the potential of lycopene as a promising chemopreventive agent against hepatotumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Protective effects of crude garlic by reducing iron-mediated oxidative stress, proliferation and autophagy in rats. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:233-45. [PMID: 20700633 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of garlic, known for its antioxidant activities, on iron metabolism has been poorly investigated. The aim of this work was to study the effect of crude garlic pre-treatment on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, proliferation and autophagy for 5 weeks. Rats were fed distilled water or garlic solution (1 g/kg body weight) by gavage for the first 3 weeks as pre-treatment and received a basal diet supplemented or not with ferrous sulfate (650 mg Fe/kg diet) for the last 2 weeks of treatment. Immunohistochemistry labeling and ultrastuctural observations were used to evaluate the iron deleterious effects in the liver. Iron supplementation induced cell proliferation predominantly in non parenchymal cells comparing to hepatocytes, but not apoptosis. In addition, iron was accumulated within the hepatic lysosomes where it triggers autophagy as evidenced by the formation of autophagic vesicles detected by LC3-II staining. It also induced morphologic alterations of the mitochondrial membranes due to increased lipid peroxidation as shown by elevated iron and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum and tissues. Garlic pre-treatment reduced iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation by decreasing the malondialdehyde level in the liver and colon and by enhancing the status of antioxidants. In addition, garlic reduced the iron-mediated cell proliferation and autophagy by lowering iron storage in the liver and protected mitochondrial membrane. Based on these results, garlic treatment significantly prevented iron-induced oxidative stress, proliferation and autophagy at both biochemical and histological levels due to its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.
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Nahdi A, Hammami I, Brasse-Lagnel C, Pilard N, Hamdaoui MH, Beaumont C, El May M. Influence of garlic or its main active component diallyl disulfide on iron bioavailability and toxicity. Nutr Res 2010; 30:85-95. [PMID: 20226993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is regularly consumed and is known to have diverse biologic activities, particularly due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we hypothesized that crude garlic can prevent iron-mediated oxidative stress in a rat model of nutritional iron overload, and we used an in vitro model to confirm the results. For the in vivo studies, rats received a basal diet supplemented with or without carbonyl iron (3%) and were fed distilled water or garlic solution (1g/kg body weight) by gavage for 3 weeks. The presence of both garlic and iron led to a 2-fold increase in plasma iron and a 50% increase in liver iron as compared with iron alone. However, garlic did not offer any protection against iron-induced oxidative stress. Duodenal divalent metal transporter-1 mRNA expression was fully repressed by iron and by the combined treatments but was also reduced by garlic alone. To confirm these data, we tested the effect of diallyl disulfide, one of the active components in garlic, in vitro on polarized Caco-2 cells. A 24-hour treatment decreased iron uptake at the apical side of Caco-2 cells but increased the percentage of iron transfer at the basolateral side. This probably resulted from a modest induction of ferroportin mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that garlic, when given in the presence of iron, enhances iron absorption by increasing ferroportin expression. The presence of garlic in the diet at the dose studied does not seem to protect against iron-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Nahdi
- Unité de recherche 01/UR/08-07, Laboratoire d'histologie-embryologie et biologie cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
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Butt MS, Sultan MT, Butt MS, Iqbal J. Garlic: nature's protection against physiological threats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:538-51. [PMID: 19484634 DOI: 10.1080/10408390802145344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently reliance on natural products is gaining popularity to combat various physiological threats including oxidative stress, cardiovascular complexities, cancer insurgence, and immune dysfunction. The use of traditional remedies may encounter more frequently due to an array of scientific evidence in their favor. Garlic (Allium sativum) holds a unique position in history and was recognized for its therapeutic potential. Recent advancements in the field of immunonutrition, physiology, and pharmacology further explored its importance as a functional food against various pathologies. Extensive research work has been carried out on the health promoting properties of garlic, often referred to its sulfur containing metabolites i.e. allicin and its derivatives. Garlic in its preparations are effective against health risks and even used as dietary supplements such as age garlic extract (AGE) and garlic oil etc. Its components/formulations can scavenge free radicals and protect membranes from damage and maintains cell integrity. It also provides cardiovascular protection mediated by lowering of cholesterol, blood pressure, anti-platelet activities, and thromboxane formation thus providing protection against atherosclerosis and associated disorders. Besides this, it possesses antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties that are interesting in chemopreventive interventions. Several mechanisms have been reviewed in this context like activation of detoxification phase-I and II enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and reducing DNA damage etc. Garlic could be useful in preventing the suppression of immune response associated with increased risk of malignancy as it stimulates the proliferation of lymphocytes, macrophage phagocytosis, stimulates the release of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, and enhances natural killer cells. In this paper much emphasis has been placed on garlic's ability to ameliorate oxidative stress, core role in cardiovascular cure, chemopreventive strategies, and indeed its prospective as immune booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Hassan HA, El-Agmy SM, Gaur RL, Fernando A, Raj MHG, Ouhtit A. In vivo evidence of hepato- and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:249-55. [PMID: 19305642 PMCID: PMC2659008 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a food color fixative and preservative, contributes to carcinogenesis. We investigated the protective role of garlic oil against NaNO2-induced abnormalities in metabolic biochemical parameters and oxidative status in male albino rats. NaNO2 treatment for a period of three months induced a significant increase in serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, urea and creatinine as well as hepatic AST and ALT. However, significant decrease was recorded in liver ALP activity, glycogen content, and renal urea and creatinine levels. In parallel, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in glutathione content and catalase activity were observed in the liver and the kidney. However, garlic oil supplementation showed a remarkable amelioration of these abnormalities. Our data indicate that garlic is a phytoantioxidant with powerful chemopreventive properties against chemically-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Hassan
- 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherif M El-Agmy
- 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rajiv L Gaur
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Augusta Fernando
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Madhwa HG Raj
- 3. Department of Ob Gyn and Biochemistry, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Zeng T, Guo FF, Zhang CL, Zhao S, Dou DD, Gao XC, Xie KQ. The anti-fatty liver effects of garlic oil on acute ethanol-exposed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:234-42. [PMID: 18718457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of single dose of garlic oil (GO) on acute ethanol-induced fatty liver were investigated. Mice were treated with ethanol (4.8 g/kg bw) to induce acute fatty liver. The liver index, the serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and the histological changes were examined to evaluate the protective effects. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were determined for the antioxidant capacity assay. Acute ethanol exposure resulted in the enlargement of the liver index and the increase of the serum and hepatic TG levels (P<0.01), which were dramatically attenuated by GO pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). GO treatment (simultaneously with ethanol exposure) exhibited similar effects to those of pretreatment, while no obviously protective effects were displayed when it was used at 2h after ethanol intake. Histological changes were paralleled to these indices. Beside this, GO dramatically prolonged the drunken time and shortened the waking time, and these effects were superior to those of silymarin and tea polyphenol. In addition, GO dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of MDA levels, restored the GSH levels and enhanced the SOD, GR and GST activities. Compared with the ethanol group, the MDA levels decreased by 14.2% (P<0.05), 29.9% and 32.8% (P<0.01) in GO groups 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The GST activity increased by 9.97%, 19.94% (P<0.05) and 42.12% (P<0.01) of the ethanol group in GO groups 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, while the GR activity increased by 28.57% (P<0.05), 37.97% (P<0.01), 50.45% (P<0.01) of the ethanol group in GO groups 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. These data indicated that single dose of GO possessed ability to prevent acute ethanol-induced fatty liver, but may lose its capacity when used after ethanol exposure. The protective effects should be associated with its antioxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Shandong, Jinan 250012, PR China
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