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Singha A, Kalladka K, Harshitha M, Saha P, Chakraborty G, Maiti B, Satyaprasad AU, Chakraborty A, Sil SK. Green synthesis of chitosan gum acacia based biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to enhance curcumin's antioxidant property: an in vivo zebrafish ( Danio rerio) study. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:390-401. [PMID: 38945157 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2362188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Green-synthesis of biodegradable polymeric curcumin-nanoparticles using affordable biodegradable polymers to enhance curcumin's solubility and anti-oxidative potential. The curcumin-nanoparticle was prepared based on the ionic-interaction method without using any chemical surfactants, and the particle-size, zeta-potential, surface-morphology, entrapmentefficiency, and in-vitro drug release study were used to optimise the formulation. The antioxidant activity was investigated using H2DCFDA staining in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The mean-diameter of blank nanoparticles was 178.2 nm (±4.69), and that of curcuminnanoparticles was about 227.7 nm (±10.4), with a PDI value of 0.312 (±0.023) and 0.360 (±0.02). The encapsulation-efficacy was found to be 34% (±1.8), with significantly reduced oxidative-stress and toxicity (∼5 times) in the zebrafish model compared to standard curcumin. The results suggested that the current way of encapsulating curcumin using affordable, biodegradable, natural polymers could be a better approach to enhancing curcumin's water solubility and bioactivity, which could further be translated into potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinta Singha
- Cancer Biology, Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Krithika Kalladka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Mave Harshitha
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Cancer Biology, Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Gunimala Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Akshath Uchangi Satyaprasad
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, NITTE University Centre for Science Education and research, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cancer Biology, Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
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Eveleens Maarse BC, Eggink HM, Warnke I, Bijlsma S, van den Broek TJ, Oosterman JE, Caspers MPM, Sybesma W, Gal P, van Kraaij SJW, Schuren FHJ, Moerland M, Hoevenaars FPM. Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1416-1426. [PMID: 38499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut microbiome exerts important roles in health, e.g., functions in metabolism and immunology. These functions are often exerted via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by gut bacteria. Studies demonstrating causal relationships between interventions targeting the microbiome and clinical outcomes are limited. This study aimed to show a causal relationship between microbiome modulation through fibre intervention and health. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study included 65 healthy subjects, aged 45-70 years, with increased metabolic risk (i.e., body mass index [BMI] 25-30 kg/m2, low to moderate daily dietary fibre intake, <30g/day). Subjects took daily a fibre mixture of Acacia gum and carrot powder or placebo for 12 weeks, with an 8-week wash-out period. Faecal samples for measurement of SCFAs and microbiome analysis were collected every 4 weeks. Before and after each intervention period subjects underwent the mixed-meal PhenFlex challenge Test (PFT). Health effects were expressed as resilience to the stressors of the PFT and as fasting metabolic and inflammatory state. The fibre mixture exerted microbiome modulation, with an increase in β-diversity (p < 0.001). α-diversity was lower during fibre mixture intake compared to placebo after 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.002; p = 0.012; p = 0.031). There was no effect observed on faecal SCFA concentrations, nor on any of the primary clinical outcomes (Inflammatory resilience: p = 0.605, Metabolic resilience: p = 0.485). CONCLUSION Although the intervention exerted effects on gut microbiome composition, no effects on SCFA production, on resilience or fasting metabolic and inflammatory state were observed in this cohort. REGISTRATION NUMBER CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT04829396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Warnke
- dsm-firmenich, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Bijlsma
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H J Schuren
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Cheng Z, Wang J, Bian Y, Tan M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li B. Oral polysaccharide-coated liposome-modified double-layered nanoparticles containing anthocyanins: preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and evaluation of lipid-lowering activity in vitro. Food Chem 2024; 439:138166. [PMID: 38091786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) systems encapsulated in nanomaterials have received widespread attention and rapid development due to its good delivery potential. Here, the favorable benefits of four natural polysaccharide food additives coated ACNs-liposome nanoparticles (ACNs-Lipo NPs) on the stability and possible lipid-lowering effects of ACNs are discussed in this work. The polysaccharides were coupled to the ACNs-Lipo NPs and self-assembled to create ACNs-Lipo@polysaccharide NPs. The impact of various polysaccharides on the physical, chemical, and stability characteristics of NPs was examined. We found that the NPs prepared with gum arabic (GA) had the best stability. FT-IR and XRD analysis revealed electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen binding forces between the components, as well as an amorphous structure. A series of tests in vitro confirmed the excellent stability, bioavailability, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility of NPs. Finally, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid deposition cell models revealed that ACNs-Lipo@GA might be more readily absorbed by cells, resulting in improved antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering impact, with possible targeted delivery qualities and lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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Habashy NH, Abu-Serie MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity by gum Arabic extract via modulating cellular redox state, NF-κB pathway, and KIM-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116340. [PMID: 38428308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the ameliorating impact of GA water extract (GAE) on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in renal cells and tissue by comparing its effectiveness with the Ketosteril (Ks) drug in restoring oxidative stress and necroinflammation. The cell morphology, necrosis, and redox state were evaluated in Vero cells. The influence of GAE on CCl4-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis was examined in rats. The predicted inhibitory mechanism of GAE phenolic constituents against COX-2 and iNOS was also studied. The results revealed that GAE contains crucial types of phenolic acids, which are associated with its antiradical activities. GAE improved CCl4-induced Vero cell damage and restored renal architecture damage, total antioxidant capacity, ROS, TBARS, NO, GSH, GPX, SOD, and MPO in rats. GAE downregulated the gene expression of renal NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2, as well as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in rats. The GAE improved blood urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and reducing power. The computational analysis revealed the competitive inhibitory mechanism of selected phenolic composites of GAE on COX-2 and iNOS activities. The GAE exhibited higher potency than Ks in most of the studied parameters, as observed by the heatmap plots. Thus, GAE is a promising extract for the treatment of kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
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Barkeer S, Pothuraju R, Malakar P, Pimentel TC, Siddiqui JA, Nair SA. Gum acacia dietary fiber: Significance in immunomodulation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1509-1521. [PMID: 38272848 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Gum arabic/acacia (GA), derived from Acacia trees, is a versatile natural product offering a broad spectrum of applications. Its rich content of soluble dietary fibers, coupled with a low caloric profile, renders GA a valuable dietary component associated with numerous health benefits. Furthermore, its fermentation by gut microbiota yields short-chain fatty acids, renowned for their positive impact on health. Immunomodulation, a crucially regulated mechanism in the body, serves to fend off pathogenic infections by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, prolonged synthesis of these cytokines can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify plant-based biomolecules that can effectively reduce inflammation and inhibit inflammation-induced complications or disorders. In this context, edible biomolecules like GA are gaining prominence for their noteworthy immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in the present review we have explored the role of GA in immunomodulation, inflammation, and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, India
| | | | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - S Asha Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Kumari P, Kumar M, Kumar R, Kaushal D, Chauhan V, Thakur S, Shandilya P, Sharma PP. Gum acacia based hydrogels and their composite for waste water treatment: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129914. [PMID: 38325681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The non-toxic nature of natural polysaccharides and their biodegradability makes them the first choice of researchers. Various natural polysaccharides are available nowadays, like cellulose, starch, chitosan, gum acacia, guar gum etc. Among these, gum acacia is a common natural polysaccharide presently used in research and technology. It is highly biodegradable, pH stable and shows appropriate water solubility. It is used in research to synthesize hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites for various applications because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and excellent absorption properties. The major fields of applications include the stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the form of nanocomposites, wound dressing materials, delivery systems of various drugs and pharmaceutical agents, bioengineering, tissue engineering, purification of water, synthesis of antibacterial and antifungal composites for agricultural improvements, and many others. Due to the increasing problem of water pollution, the major focus is on research helping to reduce this problem. Gum acacia-based hydrogel and hydrogel composites were synthesized and tested for pollutant removal efficiency from wastewater by different researchers. The research on gum acacia hydrogel and their hydrogel composite applications for water purification, as well as their synthesis processes and properties, are summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra 176206, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra 176206, India.
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra 176206, India
| | - Deepika Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sai University Palampur, HP, India
| | - Vinay Chauhan
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173229, India
| | - Sourab Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pooja Shandilya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Mohamed AA, Fayyad DM, El-Telbany M, Mohamed DAA. Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 38341565 PMCID: PMC10859034 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An innovative intracanal medication formulation was introduced in the current study to improve the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) therapeutic capability against resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. This in-vitro study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of Ca(OH)2 loaded on Gum Arabic (GA) nanocarrier (Ca(OH)2-GA NPs) and to compare this efficiency with conventional Ca(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs), GA, and GA NPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prepared nanoparticle formulations for the tested medications were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 141 human mandibular premolars were selected, and their root canals were prepared. Twenty-one roots were then sectioned into 42 tooth slices. All prepared root canals (n = 120) and teeth slices (n = 42) were divided into six groups according to the intracanal medication used. E. faecalis was inoculated in the samples for 21 days to form biofilms, and then the corresponding medications were applied for 7 days. After medication application, the residual E. faecalis bacteria were assessed using CFU, Q-PCR, and SEM. Additionally, the effect of Ca(OH)2-GA NPs on E. faecalis biofilm genes (agg, ace, and efaA) was investigated using RT-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS The synthesis of NPs was confirmed using TEM. The results of the FTIR proved that the Ca(OH)2 was successfully encapsulated in the GA NPs. Ca(OH)2-GA NPs caused a significant reduction in the E. faecalis biofilm gene expression when compared to the control (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the E. faecalis CFU mean count and CT mean values between the tested groups (p < 0.001) except between the Ca(OH)2 and GA CFU mean count. Ca(OH)2-GA NPs showed the least statistical E. faecalis mean count among other groups. SEM observation showed that E. faecalis biofilm was diminished in all treatment groups, especially in the Ca(OH)2-GA NPS group when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Ca(OH)2 and GA nanoparticles demonstrate superior anti-E. faecalis activity when compared to their conventional counterparts. Ca(OH)2-GA NPs showed the best antibacterial efficacy in treating E. faecalis biofilm. The tested NP formulations could be considered as promising intracanal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshafey Alsayed Mohamed
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, 4.5 Ring Road, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mukhtar Fayyad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, 4.5 Ring Road, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dalia Abd-Allah Mohamed
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, 4.5 Ring Road, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Timothy UJ, Umoren PS, Solomon MM, Igwe IO, Umoren SA. An appraisal of the utilization of natural gums as corrosion inhibitors: Prospects, challenges, and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126904. [PMID: 37714237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural gums are macro compounds containing monosaccharide (sugar) units bonded by glycosidic to form long polymeric sugar chains of considerably high molecular weight. Natural gums are multifaceted in applications with the main areas being the food and pharmaceutical industries. The recent research interest in corrosion inhibitors is considering natural gums because of their abundance and ecological compatibility. Hence, this review takes a look at the use of natural gums in pure and modified forms in metals protection. The review establishes that the corrosion-protecting ability of natural gums has a direct connotation with their macromolecular weights, chemical composition, and molecular and electronic structures. Immersion duration and temperature are other factors found to affect the inhibition performance of natural gums considerably. The inhibition of natural gums in pure form is found not to be excellent due to their high hydration rate, algal and microbial contamination, solubility that depends on pH, and thermal instability. Common modification techniques adopted by corrosion inhibitor scientists are copolymerization, mixing with chemicals to induce synergism, crosslinking, and insertion of inorganic nanomaterials into the polymer matrix. Infusion of biosynthesized nanoparticles approach towards enhancing the corrosion inhibition efficiency of natural gums is recommended for future studies because of the unique characteristics of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukeme J Timothy
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Peace S Umoren
- Department of Bioengineering, Cyprus International University, via Mersin 10, Nicosia 98258, Turkey
| | - Moses M Solomon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.
| | - Isaac O Igwe
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Saviour A Umoren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 62131, Saudi Arabia.
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Beheiry HR, Hasanin MS, Abdelkhalek A, Hussein HAZ. Potassium Spraying Preharvest and Nanocoating Postharvest Improve the Quality and Extend the Storage Period for Acid Lime ( Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3848. [PMID: 38005744 PMCID: PMC10674589 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are one of the most abundant crops globally in more than 140 countries throughout the world. Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia swingle) is one of the citrus fruits which popularly has rich nutritional and therapeutic features. The storage period is the important factor that affects the economic and quality properties of this fruit. This study aims to demonstrate the enhancing effect of preharvest spraying with potassium, in addition to the postharvest dipping of fruits in some edible coatings, on the quality and storability of acid lime fruits. Preharvest spraying with organic and mineral forms of potassium, namely, potassium thiosulfate 1.75 g/L (S) and potassium tartrate 2 g/L (T), were carried out at three different times, in May, June, and July. On the other hand, postharvest treatments were carried out via dipping fruits in different types of biopolymers (carboxymethyl cellulose (E2) and gum arabic (E3)) and carboxymethyl cellulose/gum arabic composite (E4) as well as nanocoating formulation based on both biopolymers and doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (E1), which were prepared via acid lime peel waste extract. Herein, the physiochemical and morphological characterizations confirmed that the nanocoating was prepared at the nanoscale and doped with green synthesis ZnONPs, with recorded sizes of around 80 and 20 nm, respectively. Preharvest spraying with potassium tartrate enhanced fruit traits (Spraying with potassium tartrate at pre-harvest and nanocoating dipping at post-harvest (TE1), spraying with potassium tartrate at pre-harvest and carboxy methyl cellulose dipping at post-harvest (TE2), spraying with potassium tartrate at pre-harvest and gum arabic dipping at post-harvest (TE3) and spraying with potassium tartrate at pre-harvest and carboxymethyl cellulose/gum arabic composite dipping at post-harvest (TE4)), followed by potassium thiosulfate (spraying with potassium thiosulfate at pre-harvest and nanocoating dipping at post-harvest (SE1), spraying with potassium thiosulfate at pre-harvest and carboxy methyl cellulose dipping at post-harvest (SE2), spraying with potassium thiosulfate at pre-harvest and gum arabic dipping at post-harvest (SE3) and spraying with potassium thiosulfate at pre-harvest and carboxymethyl cellulose/gum arabic dipping at post-harvest (SE4)), compared to control. For postharvest treatments, E1 improved fruit quality, followed by E2, E4, and E3, respectively. The integration between pre- and postharvest treatments showed a clear superiority of TE2, followed by TE4, SE1, and SE2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada R. Beheiry
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.R.B.); (H.A.Z.H.)
| | - Mohamed S. Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amr Abdelkhalek
- Horticultural Crops Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A. Z. Hussein
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (H.R.B.); (H.A.Z.H.)
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Bejeshk MA, Aminizadeh AH, Rajizadeh MA, Rostamabadi F, Bagheri F, Khaksari M, Azimi M. Ameliorating effects of Acacia arabica and Ocimum basilicum on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model through mitigation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22355. [PMID: 38058645 PMCID: PMC10696014 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum. The disease is characterized by oxidative stress and severe inflammation. Research has shown the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects induced by consuming the Acacia arabia and Ocimum basilicum. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with O. basilicum together with A. arabica on healing, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the course of experimental colitis in rats. Methods A total number of 50 male rats were selected and randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each. Colitis was induced in rats by enemas with a 4 % acetic acid solution. Four days after the colitis induction, the rats were orally treated for the next 4 days with saline or a combination of A. arabica and O. basilicum (1000 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg). Results Acetic acid-induced colitis increased the colon's macroscopic and histopathological damage scores; increased colon levels of MDA (Malondialdehyde), MPO (Myeloperoxidase), TNF-α (Tissue necrosis factor α), IL6 (Interleukin 6), and IL17 (Interleukin 17); and decreased SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase), and IL10 (Interleukin 10) levels in the treated rats compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Overall, a combination of A. arabica and O. basilicum reduced macroscopic and histopathological damage scores (P < 0.01) of the colon, and MDA, MPO, TNF-α, IL6 (P < 0.001), and IL17 (P < 0.01) levels of the colon. Furthermore, it increased SOD, GPx, and IL10 levels compared to the colitis group (P < 0.01). Conclusion A. arabica and O. basilicum have improving effects on UC by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Rostamabadi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Massa M, Compari C, Fisicaro E. ITC study on the interaction of some bile salts with tragacanth, Arabic, and guar gums with potential cholesterol-lowering ability. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1258282. [PMID: 37941767 PMCID: PMC10628474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1258282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The urge of designing new safe and natural functional foods to control blood lipids and dispensable without the need of physician supervision, has increased especially after the coming into effect of the recent EU Commission regulation 2022/860, that regulates the consumption of "red yeast rice," made by fermentation of rice with Monascus purpureus, and perceived as a natural functional food, due to a health risk for frail consumers. The results of the present work are a part of the systematic study we are carrying out of the binding ability of some soluble dietary fibers (SDF) from different natural sources toward selected bile salts (BS). Methods Measurements were carried out by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) with the idea to shed light on the mechanism, if any, by which they show cholesterol-lowering activity. Results and discussion Epidemiological studies are sometimes conflicting and offer only hypothesis about the mechanism of action, the most accredited being the reduction of reabsorption of BS in the gut. Previous measurements done on negatively charged pectin and alginate, showed specific binding interaction with monomer NaDC for pectin and no interaction at all for alginate. Chitosan, positively charged and soluble only at low pH, in 100 mM acetate buffer at pH = 3 shows strong exothermic interactions with NaTC and NaTDC. Here we considered two plant exudates (Arabic gum and tragacanth gum) and guar gum, extracted from guar beans, and their interaction with the same bile salts. ITC measurements do not evidence specific interactions between gums and the studied BS, so that their cholesterol lowering ability, if any, is due to a different mechanism very probably bound to the viscosity increase. Moreover, the addition of NaC, the most abundant BS in the bile, at very low concentration (under the cmc) causes a structural change of the solution. The obtained results seem to corroborate the hypothesis that the cholesterol lowering activity is related to the increase in viscosity of guar solution favored by NaC, the major component of the bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massa
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Mohamed RI, Daoud IM, Suliman AG, Kaddam L. Effect of Prebiotic Dietary Supplement Acacia senegal on Hormonal and Metabolic Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45480. [PMID: 37859871 PMCID: PMC10584032 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most prevalent endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is linked to a variety of metabolic abnormalities. Although the pathogenesis of PCOS is not fully understood, it is known that oxidative stress, altered gut microbiome, and increased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone play a significant role. Gum arabic (GA) is an edible, dried, gummy exudate from the Acacia senegal tree, well-known for its prebiotic and antioxidant effects. The main objective of the study was to assess the changes in hormonal and metabolic profiles in PCOS patients after the ingestion of gum arabic. Method This was a clinical trial conducted on fifteen patients suffering from PCOS, with a mean age of 27.8 years (20-39 years). All patients experienced irregular cycles. Hormonal and metabolic markers (follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), fasting insulin, total cholesterol (TC), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) were measured before and after the ingestion of gum arabic (30 g/day of GA dissolved in 250 ml water for eight weeks) on the second day of the menstrual cycle after granting ethical approval from the National Medicine and Poisons Board and from the participants of the study. Results The study demonstrated a significant decrease in the luteinizing hormone level, FSH/LH ratio, and cholesterol pre- and post-gum arabic ingestion (p-values 0.001, 0.013, and 0.007, respectively). Follicular stimulating hormone slightly reduced post-ingestion with no significant difference (p-value 0.414). No significant changes were seen in the testosterone, insulin, or HBA1c levels. Conclusion The study concluded that gum arabic ingestion for eight weeks decreases the luteinizing hormone and LH/FSH ratio and improves the metabolic profile by reducing the cholesterol level in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Ibrahim M Daoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Awadia G Suliman
- Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, SDN
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, SAU
| | - Lamis Kaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan, SDN
- Department of Physiology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
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Hindi SS, Albureikan MOI. Fabrication, Characterization, and Microbial Biodegradation of Transparent Nanodehydrated Bioplastic (NDB) Membranes Using Novel Casting, Dehydration, and Peeling Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3303. [PMID: 37571197 PMCID: PMC10422282 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NDBs were fabricated from gum Arabic (GA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in different ratios using novel techniques (casting, dehydration, and peeling). The GA/PVA blends were cast with a novel vibration-free horizontal flow (VFHF) technique, producing membranes free of air bubble defects with a homogenous texture, smooth surface, and constant thickness. The casting process was achieved on a self-electrostatic template (SET) made of poly-(methyl methacrylate), which made peeling the final product membranes easy due to its non-stick behavior. After settling the casting of the membranous, while blind, the sheets were dried using nanometric dehydration under a mild vacuum stream using a novel stratified nano-dehydrator (SND) loaded with P2O5. After drying the NDB, the dry, smooth membranes were peeled easily without scratching defects. The physicochemical properties of the NDBs were investigated using FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and AFM to ensure that the novel techniques did not distort the product quality. The NDBs retained their virgin characteristics, namely, their chemical functional groups (FTIR results), crystallinity index (XRD data), thermal stability (TGA and DTA), and ultrastructural features (surface roughness and permeability), as well as their microbial biodegradation ability. Adding PVA enhanced the membrane's properties except for mass loss, whereby increasing the GA allocation in the NDB blend reduces its mass loss at elevated temperatures. The produced bioplastic membranes showed suitable mechanical properties for food packaging applications and in the pharmaceutical industry for the controlled release of drugs. In comparison to control samples, the separated bacteria and fungi destroyed the bioplastic membranes. Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. were the two main strains of isolated bacteria, and Rhizobus spp. was the main fungus. The nano-dehydration method gave the best solution for the prompt drying of water-based biopolymers free of manufacturing defects, with simple and easily acquired machinery required for the casting and peeling tasks, in addition to its wonderful biodegradation behavior when buried in wet soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S. Hindi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Othman I. Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Tran NTY, Le TTT, Nghia NH, Nhu DB, Huynh LB, Nguyen TXT, Huynh PX, Dao TP. Developing mango powders by foam mat drying technology. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4084-4092. [PMID: 37457168 PMCID: PMC10345728 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using mango purée from overripe mangoes to produce powders helped to solve agricultural product stagnation. The research investigates the effect of thickening additives, convection drying, and heat pump drying on bioactive compounds such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), color, and solubility of the final product. The obtained results showed that the mixture (gum arabic and maltodextrin in the ratio 50:50 w/w) at a concentration of 15% gave a good quality powder texture when dried by hot air convection at 55°C with TPC (21.24 ± 1.58 mg GAE/g dry weight [DW]) and TFC (0.34 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW), respectively. In addition, the product has a high solubility of 64.35%, with the highest pass-through point of 17.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Thi Yen Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable DevelopmentNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Food EngineeringNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thanh Thao Thi Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food TechnologyNong Lam UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Nghia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food TechnologyNong Lam UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Dang Be Nhu
- Faculty of Environmental and Food EngineeringNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Long Bao Huynh
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringHo Chi Minh City University of Food IndustryHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Tan Xuan Tung Nguyen
- Center of Water Management and Climate Change, Institute for Environment and ResourcesVietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU‐HCM)Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Phong Xuan Huynh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Food and BiotechnologyCan Tho UniversityCan Tho CityVietnam
| | - Tan Phat Dao
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable DevelopmentNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Food EngineeringNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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15
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Al-Baadani HH, Alhotan RA, Azzam MM, Suliman GM, Alharthi AS, Fazea EH, Alhidary IA. Effects of Gum Arabic ( Acacia senegal) Powder on Characteristics of Carcass and Breast Meat Quality Parameters in Male Broiler Chickens. Foods 2023; 12:2526. [PMID: 37444264 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum Arabic, one of the soluble fibers, is considered a source of natural prebiotics that can be fermented by the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, therefore, may have a positive effect on the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broilers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gum Arabic on performance, carcass characteristics, physicochemical properties, and quality of broiler breast meat. Six dietary treatments (T1-T5) with a basal diet (CON) containing 0.12%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% gum Arabic, respectively. A total of 432 one-day-old male broiler chickens were conducted for 35 days. Performance and carcass characteristics, as well as physical, qualitative, and chemical indicators of breast meat, were evaluated. The results showed that the treatments improved overall performance (p < 0.05), such as body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and performance index, except for feed intake, which was lower at T1, T2, and T5 than at CON. Carcass characteristics, body components, and breast meat color or initial pH were not affected by dietary treatments (p > 0.05), but ultimate pH (T1 and T2) and color lightness were comparatively lower, and color change (T2-T3) was comparatively higher. Cooking water loss (T2-T4) and shear force (T1-T5) were higher in the treatments. Cohesiveness and resilience were higher in T2, while gumminess and chewiness were lower in T4 and T5. T1 breast meat had higher crude protein content and lower crude fat content, but the other chemical compositions were not affected by the treatments. Some fatty acids in the breast meat were more affected by treatments compared to CON. In conclusion, the present findings showed that gum Arabic (0.12% to 0.75%) has favorable effects on growth performance and some quality indicators of breast meat (such as cooking water loss, shear force, protein, and fat content), especially at the level of 0.12% with no alterations on the carcass characteristics and body components or physical indicators of breast meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam H Fazea
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Brito FDCM, Lopes WC, Ribeiro FOS, Rodrigues RRL, França Rodrigues KAD, Santos Machado FD, Araújo AJ, Marinho Filho JDB, Oliveira ACJ, Filho ECS, Ribeiro IS, Paula RCMD, Hallwass F, Viana VGF, Silva DA. Influence of Reduction with NaBH 4 and HCl in Obtaining Amino Derivatives of Cashew Gum and Cytotoxic Profile. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2856. [PMID: 37447501 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree-exuded gums are natural polymers that represent an abundant raw material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The cashew gum can be obtained by exudation of trees of the genus Anacardium, a native species of the Brazilian northeast; its polymer consists of monosaccharide units propitious to the action of chemical reactions that tend to improve their intrinsic characteristics among them, as the degree of hydro-solubility. The objective of this work was to modify the exudate gum of Anacardium occidentale (cashew gum (CG)) through an amine reaction. The modification was confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). In addition, the chemical modification altered the molar mass and surface charge of the CG, and the amino group binding to the CG polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectra. In addition, cytotoxicity tests were performed where cell viability was estimated by an MTT assay on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Through these tests, it was found that the amine caused an increase in the thermal stability of the amino compounds and did not present cytotoxic potential at concentrations below 50.0 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco das C M Brito
- Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Piripiri 64260-000, PI, Brazil
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering PPGEM, Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Teresina 64000-040, PI, Brazil
| | - Wilton C Lopes
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Pedro II 64255-000, PI, Brazil
| | - Fábio O S Ribeiro
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Ladic, Parnaíba, Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Dos Santos Machado
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta (LCCDelta), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Jérsia Araújo
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células do Delta (LCCDelta), Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson C S Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | - Irisvan S Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Regina C M de Paula
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hallwass
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Vicente Gálber F Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering PPGEM, Federal Institute of Piauí, Campus, Teresina 64000-040, PI, Brazil
| | - Durcilene A Silva
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, UFDPar, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
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17
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Paliya BS, Sharma VK, Sharma M, Diwan D, Nguyen QD, Aminabhavi TM, Rajauria G, Singh BN, Gupta VK. Protein-polysaccharide nanoconjugates: Potential tools for delivery of plant-derived nutraceuticals. Food Chem 2023; 428:136709. [PMID: 37429239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide nanoconjugates are covalently interactive networks that are currently the subject of intense research owing to their emerging applications in the food nanotechnology field. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, they have played a significant role as wall materials for the formation of various nanostructures to encapsulate nutraceuticals. The food-grade protein-polysaccharide nanoconjugates would be employed to enhance the delivery and stability of nutraceuticals for their real use in the food industry. The most common edible polysaccharides (cellulose, chitosan, pectin, starch, carrageenan, fucoidan, mannan, glucomannan, and arabic gum) and proteins (silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, soy protein, corn zein, and wheat gluten) have been used as potential building blocks in nano-encapsulation systems because of their excellent physicochemical properties. This article broadens the discussion of food-grade proteins and polysaccharides as nano-encapsulation biomaterials and their fabrication methods, along with a review of the applications of protein-polysaccharide nanoconjugates in the delivery of plant-derived nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwant S Paliya
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek K Sharma
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | - Deepti Diwan
- Washington University School of Medicine, 4590 Children's Place, Ste. 8200, Campus Box 8057, St. Louis MO63110, USA
| | - Quang D Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-1118 Budapest, Ḿenesiút 45, Hungary
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- Department of Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Munster Technological University, Tralee V92HD4V, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advance Material Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom; Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburg EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
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18
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Suhaidi D, Dong YD, Wynne P, Hapgood KP, Morton DAV. Bulk Flow Optimisation of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Excipient Powders through Surface Modification. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051447. [PMID: 37242689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been recognised for their potential to enhance the performance of various solid dose forms, especially oral bioavailability and macromolecule stability. However, the inherent nature of spray-dried ASDs leads to their surface cohesion/adhesion, including hygroscopicity, which hinders their bulk flow and affects their utility and viability in terms of powder production, processing, and function. This study explores the effectiveness of L-leucine (L-leu) coprocessing in modifying the particle surface of ASD-forming materials. Various contrasting prototype coprocessed ASD excipients from both the food and pharmaceutical industries were examined for their effective coformulation with L-leu. The model/prototype materials included maltodextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K10 and K90), trehalose, gum arabic, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5LV and K100M). The spray-drying conditions were set such that the particle size difference was minimised, so that it did not play a substantial role in influencing powder cohesion. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology of each formulation. A combination of previously reported morphological progression typical of L-leu surface modification and previously unreported physical characteristics was observed. The bulk characteristics of these powders were assessed using a powder rheometer to evaluate their flowability under confined and unconfined stresses, flow rate sensitivities, and compactability. The data showed a general improvement in maltodextrin, PVP K10, trehalose and gum arabic flowability measures as L-leu concentrations increased. In contrast, PVP K90 and HPMC formulations experienced unique challenges that provided insight into the mechanistic behaviour of L-leu. Therefore, this study recommends further investigations into the interplay between L-leu and the physico-chemical properties of coformulated excipients in future amorphous powder design. This also revealed the need to enhance bulk characterisation tools to unpack the multifactorial impact of L-leu surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Suhaidi
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Yao-Da Dong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Wynne
- Medicines Manufacturing Innovation Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Karen P Hapgood
- School of Engineering, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - David A V Morton
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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19
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Dobroslavić E, Elez Garofulić I, Zorić Z, Pedisić S, Roje M, Dragović-Uzelac V. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, and Bioavailability of Laurus nobilis L. Leaf Polyphenolic Extracts Microencapsulated by Spray Drying. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091923. [PMID: 37174461 PMCID: PMC10177897 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with the potential for use in functional foods, where the main obstacle is their low stability and bioavailability, which can be improved by spray drying (SD). This research examined the influence of SD parameters, including inlet temperature (120, 150, and 180 °C), carrier type (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD); β-CD + maltodextrin (MD) 50:50; β-CD + gum arabic (GA) 50:50), and sample:carrier ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, polyphenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of laurel leaf polyphenols. The highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved at a sample:carrier ratio 1:2 and the temperature of 180 °C by using either of the applied carriers. However, the application of β-CD + MD 50:50 ensured optimal solubility (55.10%), hygroscopicity (15.32%), and antioxidant capacity (ORAC 157.92 μmol Trolox equivalents per g of powder), while optimal moisture content (3.22%) was determined only by temperature, demanding conditions above 150 °C. A total of 29 polyphenols (dominantly flavonols) were identified in the obtained powders. SD encapsulation increased the bioaccessibility of laurel flavonols in comparison to the non-encapsulated extract by ~50% in the gastric and ~10% in the intestinal phase, especially for those powders produced with carrier mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dobroslavić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Marin Roje
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Ghosh K, Takahashi D, Kotake T. Plant type II arabinogalactan: Structural features and modification to increase functionality. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108828. [PMID: 37182471 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II arabinogalactans (AGs) are a highly diverse class of plant polysaccharides generally encountered as the carbohydrate moieties of certain extracellular proteoglycans, the so-called arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), which are found on plasma membranes and in cell walls. The basic structure of type II AG is a 1,3-β-D-galactan main chain with 1,6-β-D-galactan side chains. The side chains are further decorated with other sugars such as α-l-arabinose and β-d-glucuronic acid. In addition, AGs with 1,6-β-D-galactan as the main chain, which are designated as 'type II related AG' in this review, can also be found in several plants. Due to their diverse and heterogenous features, the determination of carbohydrate structures of type II and type II related AGs is not easy. On the other hand, these complex AGs are scientifically and commercially attractive materials whose structures can be modified by chemical and biochemical approaches for specific purposes. In the current review, what is known about the chemical structures of type II and type II related AGs from different plant sources is outlined. After that, structural analysis techniques are considered and compared. Finally, structural modifications that enhance or alter functionality are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol, 713304, West Bengal, India.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Green Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Feraru A, Tóth ZR, Mureșan-Pop M, Baia M, Gyulavári T, Páll E, Turcu RVF, Magyari K, Baia L. Anionic Polysaccharide Cryogels: Interaction and In Vitro Behavior of Alginate-Gum Arabic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081844. [PMID: 37111992 PMCID: PMC10146865 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, polysaccharide-based cryogels demonstrate their potential to mimic a synthetic extracellular matrix. Alginate-based cryogel composites with different gum arabic ratios were synthesized by an external ionic cross-linking protocol, and the interaction between the anionic polysaccharides was investigated. The structural features provided by FT-IR, Raman, and MAS NMR spectra analysis indicated that a chelation mechanism is the main process linking the two biopolymers. In addition, SEM investigations revealed a porous, interconnected, and well-defined structure suitable as a scaffold in tissue engineering. The in vitro tests confirmed the bioactive character of the cryogels through the development of the apatite layer on the surface of the samples after immersion in simulated body fluid, identifying the formation of a stable phase of calcium phosphate and a small amount of calcium oxalate. Cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast cells demonstrated the non-toxic effect of alginate-gum arabic cryogel composites. In addition, an increase in flexibility was noted for samples with a high gum arabic content, which determines an appropriate environment to promote tissue regeneration. The newly obtained biomaterials that exhibit all these properties can be successfully involved in the regeneration of soft tissues, wound management, or controlled drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Feraru
- Doctoral School of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsejke-Réka Tóth
- Doctoral School of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marieta Mureșan-Pop
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Baia
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tamás Gyulavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. Sqr. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emőke Páll
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romulus V F Turcu
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Klára Magyari
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Baia
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Putri RDA, Abriyanto H, Desiriani R, Filardli AMI, Bahlawan ZAS, Kusumaningrum M, Prastiwi GP, Raihana R, Siami DH, Aswar R. Enhancing antifouling characteristics and performance against protein macromolecule foulant on PVDF membrane ultrafiltration with eco-friendly Arabic gum additive. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2189440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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23
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Ibrahim RM, Abdelhafez HM, El-Shamy SAEM, Eid FA, Mashaal A. Arabic gum ameliorates systemic modulation in Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5005. [PMID: 36973339 PMCID: PMC10042862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus as they regulate glucose levels. Moreover, a variety of plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that have potent pharmacological effects without any negative side effects. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of Arabic gum/Gum Acacia (GA) on the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes observed in diabetic rats. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of GA in response to diabetes, through inflammatory mediators analysis. Male rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, diabetic, Arabic gum-treated, and Arabic gum-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 21 days of treatment with Arabic gum. Body weight, blood and pancreas tissue samples were collected for analysis. Alloxan injection significantly decreased body weight, increased glucose levels, decreased insulin levels, and caused depletion of islets of Langerhans and β-cell damage in the pancreas. Arabic gum treatment of diabetic rats significantly increased body weight, decreased serum glucose levels, increased insulin levels, exerts anti-inflammatory effect, and improved the pancreas tissue structure. Arabic gum has beneficial pharmacological effects in diabetic rats; therefore, it might be employed as diabetic therapy to reduce the hyperglycemic damage and may be applicable for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases treatment. Further, the new bioactive substances, such as medications made from plants, have larger safety margins, and can be used for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohammed Ibrahim
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ahmed Eid
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt.
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Ganjoo R, Sharma S, Verma C, Quraishi MA, Kumar A. Heteropolysaccharides in sustainable corrosion inhibition: 4E (Energy, Economy, Ecology, and Effectivity) dimensions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123571. [PMID: 36750168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate polymers (polysaccharides) and their derivatives are widely utilized in sustainable corrosion inhibition (SCI) because of their various fascinating properties including multiple adsorption sites, high solubility and high efficiency. Contrary to traditional synthetic polymer-based corrosion inhibitors, polysaccharides are related to the 4E dimension, which stands for Energy, Economy, Ecology, and Effectivity. Furthermore, they are relatively more environmentally benign, biodegradable, and non-bioaccumulative. The current review describes the SCI features of various heteropolysaccharides, including gum Arabic (GA), glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), heparin, etc.), pectin, alginates, and agar for the first time. They demonstrate impressive anticorrosive activity for different metals and alloys in a variety of corrosive electrolytes. Through their adsorption at the metal/electrolyte interface, heteropolysaccharides function by producing a corrosion-protective film. In general, their adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm model. In their molecular structures, heteropolysaccharides contain several polar functional groups like -OH, -NH2, -COCH3, -CH2OH, cyclic and bridging O, -CH2SO3H, -SO3OH, -COOH, -NHCOCH3, -OHOR, etc. that serve as adsorption centers when they bind to metallic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richika Ganjoo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Shveta Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrabhan Verma
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M A Quraishi
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India; NCE, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, India.
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25
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Saati S, Dehghan P, Azizi-Soleiman F, Mobasseri M. The effect of bitter almond (Amygdalus communis L. var. Amara) gum as a functional food on metabolic profile, inflammatory markers, and mental health in type 2 diabetes women: a blinded randomized controlled trial protocol. Trials 2023; 24:35. [PMID: 36650599 PMCID: PMC9847170 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using functional foods in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased across the world owing to their availability, cultural acceptability, and lower side effects. The present study will aim to examine the impact of bitter almond (Amygdalus communis L. var. Amara) gum as a functional food on metabolic profile, inflammatory markers, and mental health in women with T2DM. METHODS We will conduct a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 44 women with T2DM will be randomly allocated into two groups: an intervention group (n = 20) and a placebo group (n = 20). Patients will receive either 5 g/d of bitter melon gum or a placebo for 8 weeks. Clinical and biochemical outcome parameters which include glycemic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (KYN), cortisol, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), endothelial cell adhesion molecules, plasminogen, cluster deference 4 (CD4), cluster deference 8 (CD8), anthropometric indices, blood pressure, dietary intake, and mental health will be measured at the baseline and end of the study. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the SPSS software (version 24), and P value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. DISCUSSION The present randomized controlled trial will aim to investigate any beneficial effects of bitter almond gum supplementation on the cardio-metabolic, immune-inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as mental health in women with T2DM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.726). TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir/IRCT20150205020965N7 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Saati
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614711 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman
- grid.468130.80000 0001 1218 604XDepartment of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Al-Jubori Y, Ahmed NTB, Albusaidi R, Madden J, Das S, Sirasanagandla SR. The Efficacy of Gum Arabic in Managing Diseases: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010138. [PMID: 36671523 PMCID: PMC9855968 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) is a natural product commonly used as a household remedy for treating various diseases in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Despite its claimed benefits, there has been a lack of research on the findings of current clinical trials (CTs) that investigated its efficacy in the treatment of various medical diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to study CTs which focused on GA and its possible use in the management of various medical diseases. A search of the extant literature was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to retrieve CTs focusing on evidence-based clinical indications. The databases were searched using the keywords ("Gum Arabic" OR "Acacia senegal" OR "Acacia seyal" OR "Gum Acacia" OR "Acacia Arabica") AND ("Clinical Trial" OR "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "Randomized Clinical Trial"). While performing the systematic review, data were obtained on the following parameters: title, authors, date of publication, study design, study aim, sample size, type of intervention used, targeted medical diseases, and main findings. Twenty-nine papers were included in this systematic review. The results showed that ingestion of GA altered lipid profiles, renal profiles, plaque, gingival scores, biochemical parameters, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and adiposity. GA exhibited anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and antibacterial properties. GA has been successfully used to treat sickle cell anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, periodontitis, gastrointestinal conditions, and kidney diseases. Herein, we discuss GA with respect to the underlying mechanisms involved in each medical disease, thereby justifying GA's future role as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamamh Al-Jubori
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - Rawan Albusaidi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - James Madden
- GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +968-24141176
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Mohammed ME, Abbas AM, Badi RM, Bashir SO, Osman OM, Morsy MD, Saeed AM. Effect of Acacia senegal on TGF-β1 and vascular mediators in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1548-1558. [PMID: 32574082 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1781901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 and angiotensin II are responsible for extracellular matrix accumulation within the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of adding Gum Arabic (GA) and insulin on serum glucose, renal function, TGF-β1, endothelin-1, and angiotensin II in rats with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into; normal, normal plus GA, diabetic rats (DM), DM plus insulin, DM plus GA, and DM plus insulin plus GA groups. Levels of glucose and creatinine in serum, TGF-β1, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1 in renal homogenate and HbA1c were measured. RESULTS Serum creatinine, TGF-β1, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1 were increased in diabetic rats. GA decreased serum glucose, TGF-β1, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and HbA1c in diabetic rats. GA and insulin decreased serum glucose, creatinine, TGF-β1, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and HbA1c in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Co-administration of GA with insulin to rats with diabetic nephropathy improved the glycemic state, renal function, TGF-β1, endothelin-1, and angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz E Mohammed
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Amr M Abbas
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Badi
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salah Omer Bashir
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Osama M Osman
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Mohamed D Morsy
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Amal M Saeed
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
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Sznaider F, Stortz CA, Rojas AM, Navarro DA. Cercidium praecox brea gum arabinoglucuronoxylans: A viscosant substitute for gum Arabic? Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ahmed AA, Musa HH, Essa MEA, Mollica A, Zengin G, Ahmad H, Adam SY. Inhibition of obesity through alterations of C/EBP- α gene expression by gum Arabic in mice with a high-fat feed diet. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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30
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Amaya-Chantaca NJ, Caldera-Villalobos M, Claudio-Rizo JA, Flores-Guía TE, Becerra-Rodríguez JJ, Soriano-Corral F, Herrera-Guerrero A. Semi-IPN hydrogels of collagen and gum arabic with antibacterial capacity and controlled release of drugs for potential application in wound healing. Prog Biomater 2022; 12:25-40. [PMID: 36346576 PMCID: PMC9958214 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of hydrogels based on biopolymers like collagen and gum arabic gives a chance to provide novel options that can be used in biomedical field. Through a polymeric semi-interpenetration technique, collagen-based polymeric matrices can be associated with gum arabic while controlling its physicochemical and biological properties. To create novel hydrogels with their potential use in the treatment of wounds, the semi-interpenetration process, altering the concentration (0-40% by wt) of gum arabic in a collagen matrix is explored. The ability of gum arabic to create intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the collagen matrix enables the development of semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi-IPN)-based hydrogels with a faster gelation time and higher crosslinking. Amorphous granular surfaces with linked porosity are present in matrices with 30% (by wt) of gum arabic, enhancing the storage modulus and thermal degradation resistance. The hydrogels swell to very high extent in hydrolytic and proteolytic environments, good hemocompatibility, and suppression of growth of pathogens like E. coli, and all it is enhanced by gum arabic included them, in addition to enabling the controlled release of ketorolac. The chemical composition of theses semi-IPN matrices have no deleterious effects on monocytes or fibroblasts, promoting their proliferation, and lowering alpha tumor necrosis factor (α-TNF) secretion in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia J. Amaya-Chantaca
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Martin Caldera-Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Tirso E. Flores-Guía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Juan J. Becerra-Rodríguez
- Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo, Carretera Irapuato-La Piedad Km 44, 36921 Pénjamo, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Florentino Soriano-Corral
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Adán Herrera-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
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Hassanzadeh-Afruzi F, Salehi MM, Heidari G, Maleki A, Zare EN. Hydrolyzed Arabic gum-grafted-polyacrylonitrile@ zinc ferrite nanocomposite as an efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Mossa ATH, Mohamed RI, Mohafrash SM. Development of a ‘green’ nanoformulation of neem oil-based nanoemulsion for controlling mosquitoes in the sustainable ecosystem. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gum Arabic protects the rat heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17235. [PMID: 36241904 PMCID: PMC9568585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) is a plant exudate with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. GA has shown promise in protection from and treatment of kidney failure, however, its role in the protection of the heart from ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) has not been investigated. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Gum Arabic (GA) in the protection of the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Langendorff-perfused Wistar rat hearts were divided into seven groups. One group which was subjected to I/R with no other treatment served as the control group. The second group was subjected to buffer perfusion with no ischemia (sham group). The third group was perfused with GA in the absence of ischemia (sham + GA). The rest of the hearts were isolated from rats that had been treated with GA for 4 or 2 weeks in the drinking water, or GA that had been infused intravenously 2 h before sacrifice or added to perfusion buffer at reperfusion. Hemodynamics data were digitally computed; infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by quantifying creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. The total oxidants (TOS) and antioxidants (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were estimated by ELISA. GA treatment for 2 weeks, 4 weeks or 2 hours before sacrifice resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in cardiac hemodynamics and reduction in infarct size and cardiac enzyme levels compared to respective controls. However, GA administration at the time of reperfusion did not protect the hearts against I/R injury. Furthermore, GA treatment decreased the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. The levels of TOS in the effluent were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by GA administration. GA protected the heart against I/R injury when administered for 2 or 4 weeks or when infused 2 hours before sacrifice. GA treatment decreased the total oxidants levels, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels and increases SOD and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 protein levels.
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Improved Mucoadhesion, Permeation and In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Synthesized Thiolated Acacia and Karaya Gum Combination: A Systematic Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206829. [PMID: 36296425 PMCID: PMC9609301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolation of polymers is one of the most appropriate approaches to impart higher mechanical strength and mucoadhesion. Thiol modification of gum karaya and gum acacia was carried out by esterification with 80% thioglycolic acid. FTIR, DSC and XRD confirmed the completion of thiolation reaction. Anticancer potential of developed thiomer was studied on cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) and more than 60% of human cervical cell lines (HeLa) were inhibited at concentration of 5 µg/100 µL. Immobilized thiol groups were found to be 0.8511 mmol/g as determined by Ellman’s method. Cytotoxicity studies on L929 fibroblast cell lines indicated thiomers were biocompatible. Bilayered tablets were prepared using Ivabradine hydrochloride as the model drug and synthesized thiolated gums as mucoadhesive polymer. Tablets prepared using thiolated polymers in combination showed more swelling, mucoadhesion and residence time as compared to unmodified gums. Thiol modification controlled the release of the drug for 24 h and enhanced permeation of the drug up to 3 fold through porcine buccal mucosa as compared to tablets with unmodified gums. Thiolated polymer showed increased mucoadhesion and permeation, anticancer potential, controlled release and thus can be utilized as a novel excipient in formulation development.
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Swe ZM, Chumphon T, Panya M, Pangjit K, Promsai S. Evaluation of Nano-Wall Material for Production of Novel Lyophilized-Probiotic Product. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193113. [PMID: 36230189 PMCID: PMC9564142 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization is one of the most used methods for bacterial preservation. In this process, the cryoprotectant not only largely decreases cellular damage but also plays an important part in the conservation of viability during freeze-drying. This study investigated using cryoprotectant and a mixture of the cryoprotectant to maintain probiotic activity. Seven probiotic strains were considered: (Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUKPS6103; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus KUKPS6007; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei KUKPS6201; Lactobacillus acidophilus KUKPS6107; Ligilactobacillus salivarius KUKPS6202; Bacillus coagulans KPSTF02; Saccharomyces cerevisiae subsp. boulardii KUKPS6005) for the production of a multi-strain probiotic and the complex medium for the lyophilized synbiotic production. Cholesterol removal, antioxidant activity, biofilm formation and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) production of the probiotic strains were analyzed. The most biofilm formation occurred in L. reuteri KUKPS6103 and the least in B. coagulans KPSTF02. The multi-strain probiotic had the highest cholesterol removal. All the probiotic strains had GABA production that matched the standard of γ-aminobutyric acid. The lyophilized synbiotic product containing complex medium as a cryoprotectant and wall material retained a high viability of 7.53 × 108 CFU/g (8.89 log CFU/g) after 8 weeks of storage. We found that the survival rate of the multi-strain probiotic after freeze-drying was 15.37% in the presence of complex medium that was used as high performing wall material. Our findings provided a new type of wall material that is safer and more effective and, can be extensively applied in relevant food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Myo Swe
- Bioproduct Science Program, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Thapakorn Chumphon
- Bioproduct Science Program, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Marutpong Panya
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Pangjit
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Saran Promsai
- Bioproduct Science Program, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-3440-0481
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Cegledi E, Garofulić IE, Zorić Z, Roje M, Dragović-Uzelac V. Effect of Spray Drying Encapsulation on Nettle Leaf Extract Powder Properties, Polyphenols and Their Bioavailability. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182852. [PMID: 36140980 PMCID: PMC9498331 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a plant rich in a health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols, which are sensitive and unstable compounds with low bioavailability, that need to be stabilized and protected from external influences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how the temperature, type of carrier and sample to carrier ratio influence the physicochemical properties and encapsulation and loading capacity of the nettle leaf extract powder and examine the effect of encapsulation on the antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of polyphenols. The process yield ranged from 64.63–87.23%, moisture content from 1.4–7.29%, solubility from 94.76–98.53% and hygroscopicity from 13.35–32.92 g 100 g−1. The highest encapsulation (98.67%) and loading (20.28%) capacities were achieved at 160 °C, β-CD:GA (3:1) and sample:carrier ratio of 1:3. Extracts encapsulated at selected conditions showed high antioxidant capacity and distinct polyphenolic profile comprised of 40 different compounds among which cinnamic acids were the most abundant. Moreover, the encapsulation increased the bioavailability of nettle leaf polyphenols, with the highest amount released in the intestinal phase. Thus, the obtained encapsulated extract represents a valuable source of polyphenols and may therefore be an excellent material for application in value-added and health-promoting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Cegledi
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Roje
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Biljenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Bejeshk MA, Aminizadeh AH, Rajizadeh MA, Khaksari hadad M, Lashkarizadeh M, Shahrokhi N, Zahedi MJ, Azimi M. The effect of combining basil seeds and gum Arabic on the healing process of experimental acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:599-607. [PMID: 36325241 PMCID: PMC9618398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aim Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum that oxidative stress and severe inflammation are the main features of this disease. Previous studies have shown that separate consumption of basil and gum arabic can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the study was evaluating the effect of treatment with basil seeds given together with gum arabic on healing, inflammation and oxidative stress in the course of experimental colitis in rats. Experimental procedure A total number of 50 male rats were used, randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each. Colitis was induced in rats by enemas with 4% solution od acetic acid. Four days after induction of colitis, rats were treated for next 4 days with saline or combination of basil seeds plus gum arabic (1 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/g) rectally. The experiment was terminated after last dose of treatment. Rats without induction of colitis were used as a sham group. Results Acetic acid-induced colitis increased the macroscopic and histopathological damage scores of the colon as well as colon levels of MDA(Malondialdehyde), MPO(Myeloperoxidase), TNFα(Tissue necrosis factor α), IL6 (Interleukin 6)and IL17(Interleukin 17) and decreased SOD(Superoxide Dismutase), GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase) and IL10 (Interleukin 10) levels compared with the control group(P < 0.001). Treatment with basil and gum arabic reduced macroscopic and histopathological damage scores (P < 0.01) of the colon, MDA, MPO, TNFα, IL6(P < 0.001) and IL17 (P < 0.01) levels of the colon and increased SOD, GPx and IL10 levels compared to the colitis group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Rectal administration of combination of basil seeds plus gum arabic after induction of colitis, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and accelerates the healing of the colon in experimental colitis evoked by acetic acid.
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Al-Baadani HH, Al-Mufarrej SI, Azzam MM, Alharthi AS, Al-Garadi MA, Al-Gabri NA, Al-Abdullatif AA, Al-Sagan AA, Qaid MM, Alhidary IA. Evaluation of gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) as a natural prebiotic to improve growth performance and health status of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:244. [PMID: 35913613 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural product containing soluble fiber that is indigestible in the gastrointestinal tract and has been used as a traditional medicine to treat many diseases such as intestinal inflammation, kidney disease, and liver disorders, which may be reflected in the improved performance of broiler chickens when used. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of GA on the performance, immune system, visceral organs, functional tests, and histological changes of the ileum, liver, and kidneys of broilers. A total of 432 1-day-old male broilers were allocated to six dietary treatments (0.0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% GA) for 35 days. Performance, internal organs, and blood biochemical indices were measured. Morphology and histometry of the intestine were also performed. Meanwhile, tissues of the ileum, liver, and kidney were examined and evaluated microscopically to observe histological changes. All levels of GA (0.12 to 1.0%) had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio. In addition, GA had no effect on the relative weight of lymphoid and visceral organs, except for a linear response in the bursa and liver. The levels of GA (0.12 and 0.25%) showed the potential to decrease serum uric acid, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase. The remarkable increase in small intestinal morphology of chickens fed GA and an increase in all histometric values of the ileum. All histological changes in the intestine, liver, and kidneys improved in chickens fed the basal diet containing 0.12 to 0.50% GA. These results provide useful evidence for the potential use of GA powder (Acacia senegal) as a natural prebiotic to improve performance and intestinal, liver, and kidney health in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A Al-Gabri
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Abdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Sagan
- King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Al Kiey SA, Hasanin MS, Heakal FET. Green and sustainable chitosan-gum Arabic nanocomposites as efficient anticorrosive coatings for mild steel in saline media. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13209. [PMID: 35915138 PMCID: PMC9343376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of green and sustainable anticorrosive coatings is becoming of upsurge interest for the protection of metallic materials in aggressive environments. Herein, a stable crystalline chitosan/gum Arabic composite (CGAC) nanopowder was successfully synthesized and characterized by various methods. The CGAC nanopowder with different doses (25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) was used to coat mild steel samples and examined its anticorrosion ability in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using gravimetric, electrochemical measurements, and surface characterization techniques. All methods yielded consistent results revealing that nanocomposite coatings can impart good anticorrosive properties to the steel substrate. The obtained protection efficiency was enhanced with increasing CGAC dose in the applied surface layer achieving 96.6% for the 200 ppm-coating. SEM and AFM surface morphologies of uncoated and coated samples after the inundation in the saline solution showed that CGAC coating can block the active corrosive sites on the steel surface, and prevent the aggressive Cl- ions from attacking the metallic substrate. The water droplet contact angle gave further support as it increased from 50.7° for the pristine uncoated surface to 101.2° for the coated one. The current research demonstrates a promising natural and reliable nanocomposite coating for protecting mild steel structures in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief A Al Kiey
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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De Siena M, Raoul P, Costantini L, Scarpellini E, Cintoni M, Gasbarrini A, Rinninella E, Mele MC. Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152205. [PMID: 35892789 PMCID: PMC9331555 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of emulsifiers in processed foods and the rapid epidemic development of metabolic syndrome in Western countries over the past 20 years have generated growing interest. Evidence for the role of emulsifiers in metabolic syndrome through gut microbiota has not been clearly established, thus making it challenging for clinical nutritionists and dietitians to make evidence-based associations between the nature and the quantity of emulsifiers and metabolic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the highest quality clinical evidence currently available about the impact of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota composition and functions and the potential development of metabolic syndrome. The state-of-the-art of the different common emulsifiers is performed, highlighting where they are present in daily foods and their roles. Recent findings of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies assessing the effect of different emulsifiers on gut microbiota have been recently published. There is some progress in understanding how some food emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic diseases through gut microbiota alterations while others could have prebiotic effects. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding daily consumption amounts and the synergic effects between emulsifiers’ intake and responses by the microbial signatures of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Siena
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy;
- T.A.R.G.I.D., Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Marco Cintoni
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-7386
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Amaral RG, de Andrade LRM, Andrade LN, Loureiro KC, Souto EB, Severino P. Cashew Gum: A Review of Brazilian Patents and Pharmaceutical Applications with a Special Focus on Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071137. [PMID: 35888956 PMCID: PMC9315767 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are structures composed of highly diversified biological macromolecules whose properties have been exploited by a diversity of industries. Until 2018, the polysaccharides market raised more than US $ 12 billion worldwide, while an annual growth forecast of 4.8% is expected by 2026. The food industry is largely responsible for the consumption of this plant-source material, produced by microbiological fermentation. Among the used polysaccharides, gums are hydrocolloids obtained from a variety of sources and in different forms, being composed of salts of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sugar monomers. Their non-toxicity, hydrophilicity, viscosity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainable production are among their main advantages. Although Brazil is amongst the largest producers of cashew gum, reaching 50 tons per year, the polysaccharide is not being used to its full potential, in particular, with regard to its uses in pharmaceuticals. Cashew gum (CG), obtained from Anacardium occidentale L., caught the attention of the industry only in 1970; in 1990, its production started to grow. Within the Brazilian academy, the groups from the Federal University of Ceará and Piauí are devoting the most efforts to the study of cashew gum, with a total of 31 articles already published. The number of patents in the country for innovations containing cashew tree gum has reached 14, including the technological process for the purification of cashew tree gum, comparison of physical and chemical methods for physicochemical characterizations, and optimum purification methodology. This scenario opens a range of opportunities for the use of cashew gum, mainly in the development of new pharmaceutical products, with a special interest in nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G. Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Lucas R. Melo de Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Luciana N. Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe 49400-000, Brazil;
| | - Kahynna C. Loureiro
- Institute of Technology and Research, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Institute of Technology and Research, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (P.S.)
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Elblbesy MA, Hanafy TA, Shawki MM. Polyvinyl alcohol/gum Arabic hydrogel preparation and cytotoxicity for wound healing improvement. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The application of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as wound dressing faces many restrictions due to its insufficient elasticity, stiff membrane, and very limited hydrophilicity. These drawbacks can be limited through cross-linking with other natural biopolymers such as gum Arabic (GA). PVA hydrogels blended with six different GA concentrations were prepared. The characterization of these hydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The swelling ratio (% SR) percentage has been calculated. The possible cytotoxicity was determined using a sulforhodamine B assay. Wound healing test was performed on human skin fibroblast cells. Our results indicated that by increasing GA concentration in PVA hydrogel, the % SR increases and the cytotoxicity effect decreases. The results indicate also a significant gradual decrease in the wound area with time as the GA concentration increases in the PVA hydrogel. Therefore, GA improves the biological applications of PVA hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Elblbesy
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University , Alexandria city , Egypt
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk , Tabuk , Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A. Hanafy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk , Tabuk , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University , El Fayoum , 63514 , Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Shawki
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University , Alexandria city , Egypt
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Fareed SA, Almilaibary AA, Nooh HZ, Hassan SM. Ameliorating effect of gum arabic on the liver tissues of the uremic rats; A biochemical and histological study. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gafar AM, Ramadan AM, ElSaid NA, Nurelhuda NM. Effect of Gum Arabic on plaque-induced gingivitis: A randomised controlled trial. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:494-502. [PMID: 36092515 PMCID: PMC9453537 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches to treating periodontal diseases aim to balance sustaining the natural oral microbiota and modifying the host immune response. Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural polysaccharide rich in prebiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GA on clinical (Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI)) and immunological (Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin 1 Beta (GCF IL-1 β)) parameters in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and methods This placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Periodontology at Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from July to October 2016. Patients diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis meeting the study eligibility criteria were enrolled. At baseline, PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were measured. Patients received full-mouth scaling and were randomly assigned to receive either GA powder (intervention group) or Microcrystalline cellulose powder (placebo group). The patients were instructed to apply the treatment twice a day throughout the study. The PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were reassessed after 30 and 60 days. Results A total of 60 patients were enrolled (30 in each group). Compared to the placebo group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in GI scores after 30 days and improved PI scores at 30 and 60 days. Between baseline and 60 days, patients who received GA exhibited a significant reduction in GCF IL-1β levels compared to the placebo group. Conclusion GA was found to be effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis. Clinical Trial Registration. ISRCTN registry ISRCTN14209449.
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Azevedo GA, Heinrichs MC, Moraes ÂM. Cashew tree gum for biomaterials engineering: A versatile raw material in consolidation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Assis Azevedo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Heinrichs
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Bakur A, Hongyun L, Elshaarani T, Albashir D, Mohammed A, Chen Q. Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Biosynthesized GA/Ag-Fe3O4@ Nanocomposites. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nepali DP, Suresh DS, Pikale DG, Jhaveri DS, Chaithanya DA, Bansal DM, Islam DR, Chanpura DA. Hypertension and the role of dietary fiber. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Radziej S, Scherb-Forster J, Schlicht C, Eisenreich W. NMR-based identification of thickeners in membrane-filtered food premixtures. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-03998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPremixtures for food production are complex mixtures typically containing thickeners due to their water binding capacity. Here, we report an improved protocol for the fast identification of food thickeners by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The method is based on four steps: (i) dissolving of the dry premixture in water, (ii) centrifugation of the solution using centrifugal concentrators with a cut-off of 100 kDa, (iii) re-dissolving of the freeze-dried filtrate and the filter residue in small volumes of deuterated water, respectively, and (iv) 1H-NMR analysis of these fractions focusing on specific marker signals. Using this procedure, the high molecular weight thickeners (above 100 kDa) ĸ-carrageenan, galactomannans, gum arabic and pectin were unequivocally identified in the NMR spectra of the filter residues from different premixtures, whereas low molecular substances (below 100 kDa) including sucrose and glucose were determined in the filtrates.
Graphical abstract
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Synthesis of gum acacia-silver nanoparticles based hydrogel composites and their comparative anti-bacterial activity. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S. The effects of Gum Arabic, curcumin (Curcuma longa) and Garcinia kola on the rat hippocampus after electromagnetic field exposure: A stereological and histological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 120:102060. [PMID: 34915150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to focus on the potential effects of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones on hippocampal pyramidal neurons and to investigate the role of curcumin (Cur), Garcinia kola (GK) and Gum Arabic (GA) in reducing these adverse effects. Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were used. These were randomly divided into nine groups of six rats each. The control, Cur, GK and GA groups were not exposed to EMF, while the sham group was kept in the EMF exposure system without being exposed to EMF. The EMF+Cur, EMF+GK, EMF+GA and EMF groups were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour a day for 28 days. The number of the pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) of the hippocampus was estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Histopathological changes were evaluated under light and electron microscopes. The activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were also evaluated from serum samples. Significant levels of CAT and SOD activities were observed in the EMF group compared to the control group (p = 0.000; p = 0.001) respectively. Microscopic observations showed that dark-coloured nuclei with unclear neuron boundaries were frequently observed in the EMF group. Stereological data analysis revealed a significant decrease in the CA's total number of pyramidal neurons in the EMF group compared to the control and sham groups (p = 0.000; p = 0.000) respectively. Cur and GK were observed to provide significant protection in the EMF+Cur and EMF+GK groups compared to the EMF group (p = 0.000; p = 0.000) respectively. No significant difference was observed between the EMF+GA group and EMF group (p = 0.989). Exposure to 900 MHz EMF causes severe alterations in the number and structure of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Cur and GK exhibit a protective effect against these deleterious effects, but GA showed no protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omur Gulsum Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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