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Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030474. [PMID: 36766819 PMCID: PMC9913858 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgender (TG) describes individuals whose gender identity differs from the social norms. TG people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT) may be considered a sub-group of the population susceptible to environmental contaminants for their targets and modes of action. The aim of this study is to set appropriate HT doses and identify specific biomarkers to implement TG animal models. Four adult rats/group/sex were subcutaneously exposed to three doses of HT (plus control) selected starting from available data. The demasculinizing-feminizing models (dMF) were β-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate, at 0.09 + 0.33, 0.09 + 0.93 and 0.18 + 0.33 mg, respectively, five times/week. The defeminizing-masculinizing models (dFM) were testosterone (T) at 0.45, 0.95 and 2.05 mg, two times/week. Clitoral gain and sperm count, histopathological analysis of reproductive organs and liver, hormone serum levels and gene expression of sex-dimorphic CYP450 were evaluated. In the dMF model, the selected doses-leading to T serum levels at the range of the corresponding cisgender-induced strong general toxicity and cannot be used in long-term studies. In the dFM model, 0.45 mg of T represents the correct dose. In addition, the endpoints selected are considered suitable and reliable to implement the animal model. The sex-specific CYP expression is a suitable biomarker to set proper (de)masculinizing/(de)feminizing HT and to implement TG animal models.
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2
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Yu H, Zhang X, Hu S, Chen X. Investigation of the conversion mechanism of endogenous semicarbazide in shrimp on the amino acid level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114393. [PMID: 36508808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semicarbazide (SEM), the metabolite of antibiotic nitrofurazone, is often used as the biomarker to determine the use of nitrofurazone. Frequent false-positive events of SEM have brought great trouble to the aquatic industry in international trade. In this paper, the situation of endogenous SEM in aquatic products was investigated, and the possible mechanism of amino acid conversion into SEM was studied by establishing a simulated oxidation system and a urea system. The results revealed the presence of endogenous SEM in the muscle tissue of shrimps, and the content of SEM ranged from 0.56 to 5.28 ng/g, which presented as Macrobrachium nipponense>Macrobrachium rosenbergii>Procambarus clarkii. The increase in SEM production of control lysine under natural oxidation conditions suggests that oxidation has an effect on the conversion of SEM. Under the action of the simulated oxidation system, the SEM of Arginine, Lysine, Citrulline and Glutamine among the 21 amino acids were increased, and the polymer azine was formed. In combination with the structure of four amino acids, it was presumed that the group of amide is a key intermediate structure for the formation of endogenous SEM. In addition, under the urea system, the content of SEM produced by amino acids increased after the addition of urea, and the concentration of urea had a significant correlation with the content of SEM. Taken together, the production of endogenous SEM in shrimps is related to amino acids and urea, and the urea cycle and other substances containing amide structures should also be considered in future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; College of food and pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaxia Chen
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Ocean Research Center of Zhoushan, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shi Hu
- College of food and pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xuechang Chen
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
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3
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Seventy-Day Toxicity Study in Juvenile Sprague-Dawley Rats with Semicarbazide (SEM) from Weaning to Sexual Maturity. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:5059761. [PMID: 35910536 PMCID: PMC9337958 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5059761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological effects, functional observation battery tests, and sexual maturity of semicarbazide oral gavage administration to juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats for 70 days at 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day weaning to sexual maturity. At 60 mg/kg/day, there was a delay in mean age at acquisition of balano-preputial and vaginal patency and a decrease in body weight and food consumption in males. Treatment increased reticulocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in both sexes and decreased hematocrit and protein in males. Increased absolute and relative liver and spleen weight in both sexes were observed. Male rats had lower thymus and testes weights, whereas female rats had lower uterine weights. Semicarbazide caused significant changes in sperm motility, sperm count, and sperm abnormality. Histopathologically, semicarbazide caused cortical hypertrophy in adrenals and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen; hepatocellular hypertrophy, follicular epithelial hypertrophy in the thyroid, and degeneration of seminiferous tubules in the testis were observed at 60 mg/kg/day when compared to control. Results suggest that 60 mg/kg/day of semicarbazide can exert systemic toxicity in juvenile rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of semicarbazide for juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats was estimated to be 30 mg/kg/day.
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Zhu J, Shen J, Hu B, Yang L, Jiang C. Chromaticity Evolutionary Detection of Food Contaminant Semicarbazide through an Upconversion Luminescence-Based Nanosensor. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1126-1134. [PMID: 34935356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Semicarbazide (SEM) is a widespread carcinogenic and neurotoxic food contaminant, originating from the metabolite of antibiotic nitrofurazone, which is used in aquaculture, or thermal decomposition byproduct of a flour blowing agent azodicarbonamide. Although optical detection technologies are powerful tools considering the advantages of fast response and visualization detection, there are few optical nanosensors for highly sensitive and visual assays of SEM due to no luminescence response and UV absorbance of SEM. Herein, an upconversion luminescence (UCL)-based nanosensor was designed for visual detection of SEM with high sensitivity and good selectivity. The nanosensor was constructed by combining upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), which was used as the specific recognition element of SEM. The developed nanosensor exhibited selective absorbance enhancement and UCL quenching behavior with the addition of SEM based on the inner filter effect (IFE). Since the change in absorbance translated into an exponential change in the luminescence, the sensitivity of the nanosensor was greatly improved. The nanosensor realized a highly sensitive and visual response to SEM in the linear range of 0.5-16 μM with a low limit of detection of 58 nM. Moreover, satisfactory recovery values ranging from 90 to 112% in spiked real samples indicated the practical applicability of the nanosensor. The nanosensor designed here provides a sensitive and convenient sensing strategy for visual detection of hazardous substances and is expected to develop the upconversion sensing application in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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5
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Tassinari R, Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Villani P, Pacchierotti F, Narciso L, Tait S, Valeri M, Martinelli A, Di Felice G, Butteroni C, Barletta B, Corinti S, Lori G, Maranghi F. Effects of sub-chronic oral exposure to pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats: focus on reproductive systems. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:17-24. [PMID: 34380069 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) consists of agglomerates and aggregates of primary particles in the nanorange (<100 nm) and it is the E551 authorized food additive. The potential risks for human health associated to dietary exposure to SAS are not completely assessed; in particular, data on male and female reproductive systems are lacking. A 90-day oral toxicity study with pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 was carried out on the basis of the OECD test guideline 408 in the frame of the NANoREG project. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated for 90 days with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day. Dose levels were selected to be as close as possible to the expected human exposure to food additive E551. The present paper provides specific information on potential effects on male and female reproductive systems, through the evaluation of serum biomarkers, sperm count, histopathological analysis of testis, epididymis, ovary and uterus and real-time PCR on uterus; potential genotoxic alterations were evaluated by comet assay on testis, sperm and ovary. NM-203 did not induce histophatological and genotoxic effects in male reproductive system. In female rats, ovary is not target of NM-203 and only tissue-specific effects on uterus were recorded up to 10 mg/kg bw per day. To our best knowledge, this is the first study providing data on male and female reproductive systems after long-term, repeated oral exposure at dose levels close to dietary human exposure, which identifies a limited concern only for female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Villani
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Narciso
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy; Environment and Health Department, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Di Felice
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Barletta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Corinti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lori
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy; Università Degli Studi di Roma Tre, Science Department, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
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Tassinari R, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Valeri M, Gastaldelli A, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094584. [PMID: 33925988 PMCID: PMC8123661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The general population (including children) is exposed to chemical mixtures. Plasticizers such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates (mainly Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP) are widespread contaminants classified as endocrine disrupters which share some toxicological profiles and coexist in food and environment. Methods: To identify hazards of DEHP and BPA mixtures, the juvenile toxicity test—where rodents are in peripubertal phase of development, resembling childhood—was selected using exposure data from biomonitoring study in children. Biological activity and potential enhanced and/or reduced toxicological effects of mixtures due to common mechanisms were studied, considering endpoints of metabolic, endocrine and reproductive systems. The degree of synergy or antagonism was evaluated by synergy score calculation, using present data and results from the single compound individually administered. Results: In metabolic system, synergic interaction predominates in female and additive in male rats; in the reproductive and endocrine systems, the co-exposure of BPA and DEHP showed interactions mainly of antagonism type. Conclusions: The present approach allows to evaluate, for all the endpoints considered, the type of interaction between contaminants relevant for human health. Although the mode of action and biological activities of the mixtures are not completely addressed, it can be of paramount usefulness to support a more reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Luca Busani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Children’s Hospital, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902527
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7
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Yang H, Jiang X, Wang Y, Li C, Hang L, Huang W. Determination of semicarbazide residue in human urine samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:922-930. [PMID: 33872132 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1898678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with pre-column derivatisation was developed and validated for the determination of semicarbazide in human urine. Urine samples were derivatised with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and subsequently extracted with acetonitrile. Extracts were concentrated and then analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. The time per run was 7 min. Good results were observed for the linearity of matrix-matched calibration curves (R2 > 0.99) in the concentration range of 1-100 µg/L. The absolute recovery ranged from 98.7% to 108.6%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.2%-3.6%. The limit of detection and quantification for the semicarbazide was 0.5 µg/L and 1 µg/L, respectively. The method showed good extraction efficiency, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It was suitable for the detection of semicarbazide in human urine. Residues of semicarbazide were between 1.0 and 41.5 μg/L in children's 24-h urine. This work is the first report on the quantitative analysis of SEM in 24-h human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Hang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
| | - Weihong Huang
- Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou, China
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8
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Metabolic, reproductive and thyroid effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) orally administered to male and female juvenile rats at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study. Toxicology 2020; 449:152653. [PMID: 33309551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in several items, non-covalently bound to plastics and easily released, since metabolites were found in human matrices. DEHP is an endocrine disrupter and children are particularly vulnerable and susceptible to DEHP effects due to higher exposure levels and developmental stage. A juvenile toxicity study was performed to identify DEHP hazard and mode of action in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes during peri-pubertal period - corresponding to childhood phase - from weaning, post-natal day (PND) 23, to full sexual maturity (PND60); the dose levels of 0, 9, 21 and 48 mg/kg bw/day were derived from LIFE PERSUADED biomonitoring study in children. DEHP was administered by gavage for 28 days (5 days/week); timing of preputial separation and vaginal opening was observed during treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed on: adrenals, spleen, liver, thyroid and reproductive organs. The following serum biomarkers were assessed: estradiol, testosterone, anti-Mullerian hormone, tetraiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, adiponectin and leptin. Gene expression on hypothalamic-pituitary area was focused on follicle stimulating, luteinizing, and thyroid stimulating hormones. The results showed that main targets of DEHP during juvenile period were liver and metabolic system in both sexes, while sex-specific effects were recorded in reproductive system (male rats) and in thyroid (female rats). DEHP exposure during peri-pubertal period at dose levels derived from biomonitoring study in children can induce sex-specific imbalances identifying the juvenile animal model as a sound tool to identify hazards for a reliable risk assessment targeted to children.
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9
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Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Di Virgilio A, Carli F, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Juvenile Toxicity Rodent Model to Study Toxicological Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) at Dose Levels Derived From Italian Children Biomonitoring Study. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:387-401. [PMID: 31697385 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties particularly relevant for children health. Recently BPA has been associated with metabolic dysfunctions but no data are yet available in specific, long-term studies. This study aimed to evaluate BPA modes of action and hazards during animal juvenile life-stage, corresponding to childhood. Immature Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated with 0 (vehicle only-olive oil), 2, 6, and 18 mg/kg bw per day of BPA for 28 days, from weaning to sexual maturity. Dose levels were obtained from the PERSUADED biomonitoring study in Italian children. Both no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL)/low-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) and estimated benchmark dose (BMD) approaches were applied. General toxicity, parameters of sexual development, endocrine/reproductive/functional liver and kidney biomarkers, histopathology of target tissues, and gene expression in hypothalamic-pituitary area and liver were studied. No mortality or general toxicity occurred. Sex-specific alterations were observed in liver, thyroid, spleen, leptin/adiponectin serum levels, and hypothalamic-pituitary gene expression. Thyroid homeostasis and liver were the most sensitive targets of BPA exposure in the peripubertal phase. The proposed LOAEL was 2 mg/kg bw, considering as critical effect the liver endpoints, kidney weight in male and adrenal histomorphometrical alterations and osteopontin upregulation in female rats. The BMD lower bounds were 0.05 and 1.33 mg/kg bw in males and females, considering liver and thyroid biomarkers, respectively. Overall, BPA evaluation at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study allowed to identify sex-specific, targeted toxicological effects that may have significant impact on risk assessment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù".,Children's Hospital-Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Chen F, Liu L, Zhang W, Wu W, Zhao X, Chen N, Zhang M, Guo F, Qin Y. Visual determination of azodicarbonamide in flour by label-free silver nanoparticle colorimetry. Food Chem 2020; 337:127990. [PMID: 32919272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A very practical and competitive sensing strategy for the detection of azodicarbonamide in flour samples was developed by using label-free Ag NPs as a colorimetric probe. Well-dispersed Ag NPs in suspension can form aggregates upon reacting with glutathione (GSH) via Ag-SH covalent bonds and electrostatic attraction, with the color changing from bright yellow to red. However, azodicarbonamide can oxidize the -SH of GSH, preventing the aggregation of Ag NPs. Under the optimum conditions, the A550/A398 of Ag NPs is linearly related to the concentration of azodicarbonamide in the range of 0.33 μM to 1.7 μM. The proposed method can be used for the detection of azodicarbonamide in flour, with a detection limit of 0.09 μM and recovery between 95% and 97.4% (RSD < 6%). When the azodicarbonamide concentration reaches 0.33 μM, the color change can be detected by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Wanfeng Wu
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuejing Zhao
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Minwei Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yanan Qin
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, 830046 Shengli Road, Urumqi, China.
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11
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA, Adeyeba OA. Food-added azodicarbonamide alters haematogical parameters, antioxidant status and biochemical/histomorphological indices of liver and kidney injury in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:39-50. [PMID: 32772004 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a dough enhancer currently used as a replacement for potassium bromate in the process of bread-making in countries such as Nigeria. However, comprehensive information on the toxicological profile of ADA is not readily available. The present study investigated the toxicological effects of ADA in rats. METHODS Twenty-four adult rats were randomly assigned into four groups of six rats each. Animals in group A served as the control (administered standard diet), whereas animals in groups B, C and D were fed ADA in food at 1, 2 and 4%, respectively. Standard or ADA diet was fed to the animals daily for a period of 28 days. Body weight was measured weekly, whereas food and water consumption was measured daily. On day 28, animals were fasted overnight after which they were euthanised. Blood samples taken were used for assessment of fasting blood glucose, haematological parameters, serum lipids, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation status, electrolytes and urea, plasma proteins and biochemical parameters of liver and kidney injury. The liver and kidneys were then excised and processed for general histological study. RESULTS The results showed that repeated administration of ADA was associated with dose-related decrease in weight gain, decrease in overall food consumption, decreased superoxide dismutase activity/glutathione level and increased lipid peroxidation. There was also biochemical and morphological evidence of liver and kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that food-added ADA could be injurious to the body cells and organs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi A Adeyeba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Olofinnade AT, Adeyeba A, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. An Assessment of the Effects of Azodicarbonamide-containing Diet on Neurobehaviour, Brain Antioxidant Status and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Status in Rats. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:49-57. [PMID: 31682213 PMCID: PMC7497585 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666191104154009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azodicarbonamide is a dough-enhancer used in the process of breadmaking in countries like Nigeria. While there have been suggestions that it is a sensitizer of the respiratory system, there is a dearth of information on its effects on the central nervous system. AIM This study assessed the effects of azodicarbonamide on the central nervous system (ADA) in rats. OBJECTIVE The effects of ADA-containing diet on neurobehaviour, brain antioxidant status, and neuromorphology of selected brain regions in rats were examined. METHODS Forty adult rats were randomly-assigned into four groups of ten rats each, and were given standard diet or diet containing ADA at 1, 2 and 4% respectively. Rats were fed a standard diet or ADA-containing diet for a period of 28 days. Weekly body weight assessment and daily estimation of food intake were done. Behavioural tests {in the Open field, Y-maze, radial-arm maze, and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)} were conducted on day 29. Twenty-four hours after the last behavioural test, animals were euthanised, whole brains were dissected, weighed, and either homogenised for assessment of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status; or sectioned and processed for general histology. RESULTS Consumption of ADA-containing diet was associated with a significant decrease in weight gain/food intake, and significant suppression of horizontal locomotion and rearing behaviours; however, grooming activity increased significantly. Also, there was a significant reduction of open-arm time in the EPM and a significant increase in Y-maze alternation (at the lowest concentration of ADA). ADA-containing diet was not associated with significant changes in brain oxidative status or neuromorphology. CONCLUSION The study showed that while ADA-containing diet may alter neurobehaviour in rats; this was not associated with evidence of brain oxidative stress or neuro-histomorphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega Adeyeba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J. Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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13
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Yu W, Liu W, Sang Y, Wang X. Analysis of Endogenous Semicarbazide during the Whole Growth Cycle of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Possible Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8235-8242. [PMID: 31260295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the biosynthetic pathway of endogenous semicarbazide (SEM) in shrimps using Litopenaeus vannamei as the model target. To achieve this objective, the content of SEM in L. vannamei throughout the whole growth cycle was monitored under the strict control of external environmental interference. Experimental results showed that SEM was found in the shrimp shell at all stages, with its content decreasing first and then increasing, and no SEM was detected in the shrimp muscle of each growth stage. This indicated that endogenous SEM in L. vannamei was derived from the shrimp shell. At the same time, the content of amino acids in the shrimp shell and the corresponding substances involved in the urea cycle in the entire growth cycle of shrimp were monitored. The correlation analysis between them and the changes in the SEM content in shrimp showed that arginine had the largest correlation coefficient (0.952) with the changes in the SEM content. The main substances of the urea cycle may be related to the production of SEM. In combination with the water environmental test of high ammonia nitrogen, it was presumed that the formation of endogenous SEM was related to the amidine group of arginine and amide structure of citrulline and urea. Arginine, citrulline, and urea in the urea cycle of L. vannamei eventually produced SEM via an oxaziridine intermediate under the action of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, and a standardized reaction test was conducted to verify the hypothesis and, thus, provided a new idea for future endogenous SEM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Fangshan , P. R. China
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14
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Yu W, Liu W, Tian W, Li X, Wang X. Semicarbazide universality study and its speculated formation pathway. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yu
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyHebei Agricultural University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyHebei Agricultural University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Tian
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyHebei Agricultural University Baoding P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Fangshan P. R. China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyHebei Agricultural University Baoding P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Fangshan P. R. China
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15
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Chen Z, Chen L, Lin L, Wu Y, Fu F. A Colorimetric Sensor for the Visual Detection of Azodicarbonamide in Flour Based on Azodicarbonamide-Induced Anti-Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2145-2151. [PMID: 30239191 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azodicarbonamide (ADA) in flour products can be converted into carcinogenic biurea and semicarbazide hydrochloride after baking. Thus, it is mandatory to determine ADA in flour. We herein developed a colorimetric method for the rapid and visual detection of ADA in flour based on glutathione (GSH)-induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregation and specific reaction between ADA and GSH. The GSH can react to AuNPs via Au-SH covalent bond to form a network structure, which leads to AuNPs aggregation to produce color change, whereas ADA can specifically react with GSH to lead to the coupling of two GSH molecules, which makes GSH lose a -SH group and thus decreases the aggregation degree of AuNPs induced by GSH. This provided a platform for field-portable colorimetric detection of ADA. The colorimetric sensor can be used to detect as little as 0.33 μM (38.3 ppb) of ADA by naked eye observation and 0.23 μM (26.7 ppb) of ADA by spectrophotometry within 2 h. The method was successfully used to detect ADA in flour with a recovery of 91-104% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) < 6%. The visual detection limit of sensor is lower than the ADA limitation in flour (45 mg/kg), which makes the sensor a potential approach for the instrument-free visual and on-site detection of ADA in flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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La Rocca C, Maranghi F, Tait S, Tassinari R, Baldi F, Bottaro G, Buzzigoli E, Carli F, Cianfarani S, Conte R, Deodati A, Gastaldelli A, Pala AP, Raffaelli A, Saponaro C, Scirè G, Spadoni GL, Busani L. The LIFE PERSUADED project approach on phthalates and bisphenol A biomonitoring in Italian mother-child pairs linking exposure and juvenile diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25618-25625. [PMID: 29974441 PMCID: PMC6133109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), plasticizers used in several products of daily life, are considered as endocrine disrupters, therefore children exposure is particularly relevant. The LIFE PERSUADED project aims to define the following: (a) the evaluation of internal levels of DEHP's metabolites and BPA in Italian children and their mothers, (b) the association of the exposure with puberty development and obesity diseases, and (c) the effects of exposure in juvenile in vivo model. The cross-sectional study has involved 2160 mother-child pairs, including males and females, children and adolescents, from urban and rural areas of North, Center, and South Italy. A structured questionnaire and a food diary are designed to evaluate the association between lifestyle variables potentially related to DEHP/BPA exposure and internal levels, through univariate and multivariate analyses. Two pilot case-control studies are carried out on idiopathic premature thelarche and precocious puberty (30 girls each group, aged 2-7 years) and idiopathic obesity (30 boys and 30 girls, aged 6-10 years), matched to healthy controls. BPA and DEHP's metabolites are analyzed in urine samples from all recruited subjects. Clinical and toxicological biomarkers are evaluated in serum of case-control subjects. Moreover, the toxicity study is carried out in a juvenile rodent model exposed to mixtures of BPA and DEHP at dose levels recorded in children population. The scientific results of LIFE PERSUADED will contribute to risk assessment of BPA and DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition, Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bottaro
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesu`" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Buzzigoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesu`" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesu`" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Paola Pala
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Saponaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scirè
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesu`" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Spadoni
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesu`" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Busani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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17
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Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Rocca CL, Felice GD, Butteroni C, Corinti S, Barletta B, Cordelli E, Pacchierotti F, Eleuteri P, Villani P, Hegarat LL, Fessard V, Reale O. In vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of beauvericin and enniatins. Combined approach to study in vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatin B (ENNB). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.en-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Italy
| | - Paola Villani
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Italy
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) France
| | - Océane Reale
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) France
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18
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Wang X, Zhao C, Huang W, Wang Q, Liu C, Yang G. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for detection and quantification of azodicarbonamide in flour. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:2793-2800. [PMID: 29124771 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to establish a method for the detection and quantification of azodicarbonamide (ADC) in flour using hyperspectral imaging technology. Hyperspectral images of pure flour, pure ADC and flour-ADC mixtures with different concentrations of ADC were collected. F-values of one-way analysis of variance for all possible wavebands within the spectra of the flour and ADC were calculated, and the maximum value indicated that the two wavebands have more significant differences, i.e. the optimal two wavebands. Threshold segmentation was used for band ratio images of two wavebands to create a binary image. This allowed visual identification of ADC-rich pixels in the mixtures. RESULTS The two wavebands with the largest difference between flour and ADC were 2039 nm and 1892 nm. Using the binary image construction method, different concentrations of ADC in flour were identified. The minimum detected concentration was 0.2 g kg-1 . In the mixtures, the number of ADC-rich pixels detected had a good linear relationship with the ADC concentrations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9845. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the band ratio algorithm combination with threshold segmentation for hyperspectral images provides a non-destructive method for detecting and quantifying of ADC in flour. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing, China
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19
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Brimer L, Lindtner O, Mosesso P, Christodoulidou A, Ioannidou S, Lodi F, Dusemund B. Re-evaluation of carrageenan (E 407) and processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) as food additives. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05238. [PMID: 32625873 PMCID: PMC7009739 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of the safety of food-grade carrageenan (E 407) and processes Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) used as food additives. Because of the structural similarities, the Panel concluded that processed Eucheuma seaweed can be included in the evaluation of food-grade carrageenan. Poligeenan (average molecular weight 10-20 kDa) has not been authorised as a food additive and is not used in any food applications. In its evaluation of carrageenan (E 407) and processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a), the Panel noted that the ADME database was sufficient to conclude that carrageenan was not absorbed intact; in a subchronic toxicity study performed with carrageenan almost complying with the EU specification for E 407 in rats, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 3,400-3,900 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, the highest dose tested; no adverse effects have been detected in chronic toxicity studies with carrageenan in rats up to 7,500 mg/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested; there was no concern with respect to the carcinogenicity of carrageenan; carrageenan and processed Eucheuma seaweed did not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity; the NOAEL of sodium and calcium carrageenan for prenatal developmental dietary toxicity studies were the highest dose tested; the safety of processed Eucheuma seaweed was sufficiently covered by the toxicological evaluation of carrageenan; data were adequate for a refined exposure assessment for 41 out of 79 food categories. However, the Panel noted uncertainties as regards the chemistry, the exposure assessment and biological and toxicological data. Overall, taking into account the lack of adequate data to address these uncertainties, the Panel concluded that the existing group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for carrageenan (E 407) and processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) of 75 mg/kg bw per day should be considered temporary, while the database should be improved within 5 years after publication of this opinion.
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20
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Canavesi R, Aprile S, Del Grosso E, Grosa G. Semicarbazide Hydrochloride as Impurity in Drug Substances: a Validated LC-DAD-UV Method for Its Determination in Carbazochrome and Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Che W, Sun L, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Ye D, Tan W, Wang L, Dai C. Application of Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Prediction of Azodicarbonamide in Wheat Flour. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2516-2525. [PMID: 28892170 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azodicarbonamide is wildly used in flour industry as a flour gluten fortifier in many countries, but it was proved by some researches to be dangerous or unhealthy for people and not suitable to be added in flour. Applying a rapid, convenient, and noninvasive technique in food analytical procedure for the safety inspection has become an urgent need. This paper used Vis/NIR reflectance spectroscopy analysis technology, which is based on the physical property analysis to predict the concentration of azodicarbonamide in flour. Spectral data in range from 400 to 2498 nm were obtained by scanning 101 samples which were prepared using the stepwise dilution method. Furthermore, the combination of leave-one-out cross-validation and Mahalanobis distance method was used to eliminate abnormal spectral data, and correlation coefficient method was used to choose characteristic wavebands. Partial least squares, back propagation neural network, and radial basis function were used to establish prediction model separately. By comparing the prediction results between 3 models, the radial basis function model has the best prediction results whose correlation coefficients (R), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) reached 0.99996, 0.5467, and 116.5858, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Azodicarbonamide has been banned or limited in many countries. This paper proposes a method to predict azodicarbonamide concentrate in wheat flour, which will be used for a rapid, convenient, and noninvasive detection device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Che
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Laijun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dandan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wenyi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Univ., Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lekai Wang
- Quality & Safety Inst. of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Dai
- Quality & Safety Inst. of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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22
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Narciso L, Catone T, Aquilina G, Attias L, De Angelis I, Iuliano MG, Tassinari R, Mantovani A, Maranghi F. The juvenile toxicity study as a tool for a science-based risk assessment in the children population group. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Yu M, Feng Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Semicarbazide disturbs the reproductive system of male zebrafish (Danio rerio) through the GABAergic system. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:149-157. [PMID: 28834696 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide (SMC), an emerging water contaminant, exerts anti-estrogenic effects in female zebrafish. However, the exact influence of SMC on male reproduction remains unclear. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to 1-1000μg/L SMC in a semi-static system for 28 d prior to examining the testicular somatic index (TSI), testis histology, plasma sex hormone levels, and the transcription of genes involved in reproduction. The results showed that testicular morphology was altered and TSI was down-regulated by high concentrations of SMC (≥100μg/L and 1000μg/L, respectively). Plasma testosterone and 17β-estradiol concentrations were significantly decreased by all of the SMC treatments, along with down-regulation of the corresponding steroidogenic gene transcripts. These changes were associated with the inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis and function, in addition to the decreased expression of reproductive regulators. Our results contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the adverse reproductive effects of SMC in male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yongliang Feng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Yue Z, Yu M, Zhang X, Dong Y, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Semicarbazide-induced thyroid disruption in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its potential mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:131-140. [PMID: 28254723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semicarbazide (SMC) is a carcinogenic and genotoxic substance that has been found in aquatic systems. SMC may also cause thyroid follicular epithelial cell injury in rats, but the thyroid-disrupting properties of SMC and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we exposed fertilized eggs of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to 1, 10, 100, and 1000μg/L SMC for 55 d to assess the impact of SMC exposure on the thyroid system. The number of larvae in each metamorphic stage was counted, the concentrations of whole-body thyroid hormones (THs) 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured, and the transcription levels of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis were quantified. The results showed that 10μg/L SMC significantly increased whole-body T3 levels, and 100 and 1000μg/L SMC markedly enhanced whole-body T4 and T3 levels. Furthermore, 100μg/L SMC exposure shortened the time it took for flounder larvae to complete metamorphosis by 2 d as compared to the control group. Thus, this study demonstrated that SMC exerted thyroid-disrupting effects on Japanese flounder. SMC-mediated stimulation of TH levels was primarily related to transcriptional alterations of pituitary-derived thyroid stimulating hormone β-subunit (tshβ) and hepatic deiodinase (id). In the 10 and 100μg/L SMC exposure groups, the increased TH levels may have resulted from inhibition of TH metabolism caused by down-regulation of id3 mRNA expression, while at 1000μg/L SMC-exposed group, up-regulation of tshβ and id1 transcripts was expected to enhance the synthesis of T4 and the conversion of T4 to T3 and, consequently, result in higher T4 and T3 levels. In addition, 1000μg/L SMC-induced down-regulation in glutamic acid decarboxylase gad65 and gad67 transcription may have also contributed to the increased TH levels. The thyroid-disrupting effects of 10 and 100μg/L SMC indicated that environmentally relevant concentrations of SMC posed potential environmental risks to aquatic organisms. Overall, our results demonstrated for the first time that SMC exhibited thyroid-disrupting properties by affecting the HPT axis and GABA synthesis, providing theoretical support for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Gao S, Sun L, Hui G, Wang L, Dai C, Wang J. Prediction of Azodicarbonamide in Flour Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technique. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gao S, Wang W, Tian H, Zhang X, Guo L, Ru S. An emerging water contaminant, semicarbazide, exerts an anti-estrogenic effect in zebrafish (Danio rerio). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:280-288. [PMID: 24929547 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine the endocrine disrupting effect of semicarbazide, an emerging water contaminant, the changes in transcript levels of hepatic estrogen-response genes including vitellogenin-1 (vtg-1), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) were measured in male and female zebrafish exposed to semicarbazide with or without exogenous 17β-estradiol (E2). Exposure of male zebrafish to semicarbazide for 96 h or 28 days resulted in no significant induction in hepatic vtg-1, ERα, or ERβ mRNA expression, indicating that semicarbazide has no estrogenic effect. However, a remarkable anti-estrogenic effect of semicarbazide was demonstrated: semicarbazide treatment of female zebrafish for 96 h and 28 days resulted in significant decreases in transcript levels of vtg-1, ERα, and ERβ, as well as decreases in the gonadosomatic index level after 28 days. Moreover, semicarbazide exposure significantly inhibited the induction of vtg-1, ERα and ERβ mRNA by E2 when male zebrafish were co-exposed for 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Gao
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Manciocco A, Calamandrei G, Alleva E. Global warming and environmental contaminants in aquatic organisms: the need of the etho-toxicology approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:1-7. [PMID: 24480426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are associated with a wide spectrum of pathological effects. Temperature increase affects ambient distribution and toxicity of these chemicals in the water environment, representing a potentially emerging problem for aquatic species with short-, medium- and long-term repercussions on human health through the food chain. We assessed peer-reviewed literature, including primary studies, review articles and organizational reports available. We focused on studies concerning toxicity of environmental pollutants within a global warming scenario. Existing knowledge on the effects that the increase of water temperature in a contaminated situation has on physiological mechanisms of aquatic organisms is presented. Altogether we consider the potential consequences for the human beings due to fish and shellfish consumption. Finally, we propose an etho-toxicological approach to study the effects of toxicants in conditions of thermal increase, using aquatic organisms as experimental models under laboratory controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manciocco
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/b, 00197 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Behavioural Neuroscience Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Tassinari R, Cubadda F, Moracci G, Aureli F, D’Amato M, Valeri M, De Berardis B, Raggi A, Mantovani A, Passeri D, Rossi M, Maranghi F. Oral, short-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rat: focus on reproductive and endocrine systems and spleen. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:654-62. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Puberty dysregulation and increased risk of disease in adult life: possible modes of action. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 44:15-22. [PMID: 23791931 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is the developmental window when the final maturation of body systems is orchestrated by hormones; lifelong sex-related differences and capacity to interact with the environment are defined during this life stage. Increased incidence in a number of chronic, multifactorial diseases could be related to environmental exposures during puberty: however, insight on the susceptibility of the peripubertal period is still limited. The estrogen/androgen balance is a crucial axis in harmonizing the whole pubertal development, pointing out the significance of exposures to endocrine disruptors. Besides the reproductive system, endocrine-related perturbations may affect the maturation of skeleton, adipose tissues, brain, immune system, as well as cancer predisposition. Thus, risk assessment of environmental stressors should duly consider specific aspects of the pubertal window. Besides endocrine-related mechanisms, suggested research priorities include signaling molecules (e.g., kisspeptins, dopamine) as xenobiotic targets and disturbances of specific pubertal methylation processes potentially involved in neurobehavioral disorders and cancer risk in adulthood.
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31
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Dietary exposure of juvenile female mice to polyhalogenated seafood contaminants (HBCD, BDE-47, PCB-153, TCDD): Comparative assessment of effects in potential target tissues. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Maranghi F, Mantovani A. Targeted toxicological testing to investigate the role of endocrine disrupters in puberty disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Ramos A, Pereira A, Cabrita A, Silva FCE. Effects of the food contaminant semicarbazide on testicular morphology of juvenile Wistar rats. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ramos
- Universidade de Évora; Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal
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Ramos A, Pereira A, Cabrita A, Capela e Silva F. Efeitos da semicarbazida no esqueleto de ratos Wistar em crescimento. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ramos
- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal
| | - A. Pereira
- Universidade de Évora, Portugal; Universidade de Évora, Portugal
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Mercader J, Iffiú-Soltész Z, Bour S, Carpéné C. Oral Administration of Semicarbazide Limits Weight Gain together with Inhibition of Fat Deposition and of Primary Amine Oxidase Activity in Adipose Tissue. J Obes 2011; 2011:475786. [PMID: 21331292 PMCID: PMC3038600 DOI: 10.1155/2011/475786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme hitherto named semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), involved in the oxidation of primary amines, is abundantly expressed in adipocytes. Although SSAO physiological functions remain unclear, several molecules inhibiting its activity have been described to limit fat accumulation in preadipocyte cultures or to reduce body weight gain in obese rodents. Here, we studied whether oral administration of semicarbazide, a prototypical SSAO inhibitor, limits fat deposition in mice. Prolonged treatment with semicarbazide at 0.125% in drinking water limited food and water consumption, hampered weight gain, and deeply impaired fat deposition. The adiposomatic index was reduced by 31%, while body mass was reduced by 15%. Such treatment completely inhibited SSAO, but did not alter MAO activity in white adipose tissue. Consequently, the insulin-like action of the SSAO substrate benzylamine on glucose transport was abolished in adipocytes from semicarbazide-drinking mice, while their insulin sensitivity was not altered. Although semicarbazide is currently considered as a food contaminant with deleterious effects, the SSAO inhibition it induces appears as a novel concept to modulate adipose tissue development, which is promising for antiobesity drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mercader
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandy Bour
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Equipe 3, 12MC, IFR 150, Bat. L4, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, 12MC, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, 31432 Toulouse, France
- *Christian Carpéné:
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Takahashi M, Yoshida M, Inoue K, Morikawa T, Nishikawa A. Age-related Susceptibility to Induction of Osteochondral and Vascular Lesions by Semicarbazide Hydrochloride in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:598-605. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623310368979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To compare the susceptibility to toxicity of semicarbazide hydrochloride (SEM-HCl) between young and adult rats, 3- and 20-week-old female SD rats were given a diet containing SEM-HCl at 0, 500, or 1,000 ppm and 0 or 1,000 ppm, respectively, for 4 weeks. Half of the animals were then maintained on basal diet for a further 2 weeks as recovery groups. Only in young rats was deformation of the knee joints as well as thorax and tail observed at 500 and 1,000 ppm. Histopathologically, severe osteochondral lesions, such as disarrangement and thickening of the epiphyseal cartilage and deformation of articular cartilage, were observed, but the severity of these lesions became reduced during the recovery period. In adult rats, osteochondral lesions were relatively mild. Fissures in the cartilage matrix of the tibia were characteristic of adult rats, and in these, reduction of severity was not obvious in the recovery group. In the thoracic aorta, the appearance of elastic laminae was altered only in young rats in both the 4-week treatment and recovery groups. These results suggest that growing animals are more susceptible to toxicity of SEM-HCl than adults are. Effects and the induced lesions link to the developing stage of the target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Marcoccia D, Altieri I, Catone T, De Angelis G, Testai E, Mastrangelo S, Evandri MG, Bolle P, Lorenzetti S. The food contaminant semicarbazide acts as an endocrine disrupter: Evidence from an integrated in vivo/in vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Evaluation of genotoxic effects of semicarbazide on cultured human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:209-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Moracci G, Rasinger J, Carroll T, Hogstrand C, Haave M, Lundebye A, Mantovani A, Macrì A. Histopathological effects on target organ maturation in juvenile female mice upon exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, PCB-153, PBDE-47 or HBCD through a salmon-based diet. Reprod Toxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Takahashi M, Yoshida M, Inoue K, Morikawa T, Nishikawa A. A ninety-day toxicity study of semicarbazide hydrochloride in Wistar Hannover GALAS rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2490-8. [PMID: 19616055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A ninety-day toxicity study of semicarbazide hydrochloride (SEM-HCl) was conducted in male and female Wistar Hannover GALAS rats fed diet containing the compound at concentration of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. Suppression of body weight gain and food consumption was found in both sexes at 1000 ppm throughout the study. Enlargement and deformation of knee joints were obvious at 500 and 1000 ppm from week 3, together with deformation of the thorax and tail. Histopathologically, disarrangement of chondrocytes and fissures in the cartilage matrix were apparent at all doses tested in epiphyseal and articular cartilage. The severity of these lesions increased dose-dependently, accompanied by increased connective tissues and bone deformation at high doses. Additionally, compact bones at 1000 ppm became thin, suggesting loss of bone mass. In the thoracic aorta, the edges of elastic laminae became rough and the interlaminar spaces were altered from a fibrillar to a rod or globular appearance. No abnormalities were detected in any other organs. Taken together, toxicological effects of subchronic exposure to SEM-HCI were mainly observed in bone, cartilage and the aorta, with the no-observed-adverse-effect-level estimated from the present histopathological examination of less than 250 ppm in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Takahashi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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