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Fishta A, Thakur R, Sharma KC, Thakur N, Patial B. Effects of Fluoride Toxicity on Female Reproductive System of Mammals: A Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04203-7. [PMID: 38709367 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Considerable integrative efforts have been made to investigate the effects of fluoride on female reproductive organs since the last years. The ingestion of fluoride causes adverse effects on human health like causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, kidney problems, decrease birth rates, weakening of thyroid functionality, and impair intelligence, particularly in children. In this review, we discuss the adverse effects of fluoride on female reproductive organs and presented certain remedies. A total of 53 papers on the effect of fluoride on female reproductive organs, including 6 population surveys were examined. Google Scholar, Google, Research Gate, PubMed, and the International Journal of Fluoride have all been searched for fluoride research papers. Various doses and pathological effects have been described in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Fishta
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ruhi Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India.
| | | | - Neha Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Bhavna Patial
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
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2
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Wei R, Ping GF, Lang ZT, Wang EH. Grape seed proanthocyanins protect fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in male rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae039. [PMID: 38500515 PMCID: PMC10944556 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoride is a necessary element for human health, but excessive fluoride intake is found toxic to the liver. Previous studies confirmed that Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) protects against fluoride-induced hepatic injury. However, the mechanism underlying this protective effect remains obscure. To evaluate the protective effect of GSPE against fluoride-induced hepatic injury and explore the possible hepatoprotective role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway to find effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity. This study aims to explore the mechanisms by which GSPE attenuates fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity through a rat drinking water poisoning model. Methods Hepatic injury was determined by serum biochemical parameters, oxidative parameters, HE, and TUNEL analysis. The protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins like Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Caspase-3 and the nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed by Western blot. Resluts Our results showed that GSPE administration reduced fluoride-induced elevated serum ALT and AST and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the liver. In addition, GSPE mitigated fluoride-induced histopathological damage and reduced the liver cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, GSPE significantly up-regulated the expression and nuclear translocation of the Nrf2 and decreased apoptosis-related proteins like Bax and caspase-3 in the hepatic. Conclusion Taken together, GSPE exerts protective effects on the oxidative damage and apoptosis of fluoride-induced hepatic injury via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study provides a new perspective for the mechanism study and scientific prevention and treatment of liver injury induced by endemic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- School of medicine, Shaoxing University, No. 900 Chengnan Avenue, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Guan Fang Ping
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui, Henan 453100, China
| | - Zhe Tao Lang
- School of medicine, Shaoxing University, No. 900 Chengnan Avenue, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Er Hui Wang
- School of medicine, Shaoxing University, No. 900 Chengnan Avenue, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
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3
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India Aldana S, Colicino E, Cantoral Preciado A, Tolentino M, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Téllez Rojo MM, Valvi D. Longitudinal associations between early-life fluoride exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108375. [PMID: 38128386 PMCID: PMC10842303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fluoride is a natural mineral present in food, water, and dental products, constituting ubiquitous long-term exposure in early childhood and across the lifespan. Experimental evidence shows fluoride-induced lipid disturbances with potential implications for cardiometabolic health. However, epidemiological studies are scarce. For the first time, we evaluated associations between repeated fluoride measures and cardiometabolic outcomes in children. METHODS We studied ∼ 500 Mexican children from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort with measurements on urinary fluoride at age 4, and dietary fluoride at ages 4, 6, and 8 years approximately. We used covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects and linear regression models to assess fluoride associations with multiple cardiometabolic outcomes (ages 4-8): lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides), glucose, HbA1c, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), body fat, and age- and sex-specific z-scores of body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure. RESULTS Dietary fluoride intake at age 4 was associated with annual increases in triglycerides [β per-fluoride-doubling = 2.02 (95 % CI: 0.37, 3.69)], cholesterol [β = 1.46 (95 % CI: 0.52, 2.39)], HDL [β = 0.39 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.76)], LDL [β = 0.87 (95 % CI: 0.02, 1.71)], and HbA1c [β = 0.76 (95 % CI: 0.28, 1.24)], and decreased leptin [β = -3.58 (95 % CI: -6.34, -0.75)] between the ages 4 and 8. In cross-sectional analyses at age 8, higher tertiles of fluoride exposure were associated with increases in zBMI, triglycerides, glucose, and leptin (p-tertile trend < 0.05). Stronger associations were observed in boys at year 8 and in girls prior to year 8 (p-sex interaction < 0.05). Fewer but consistent associations were observed for urinary fluoride at age 4, indicating increased annual changes in HDL and HbA1c with higher fluoride levels. CONCLUSION Dietary fluoride exposures in early- and mid-childhood were associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children. Further research is needed to elucidate whether these associations persist at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maricruz Tolentino
- Department of Nutrition, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Majeed U, Shafi A, Majeed H, Akram K, Liu X, Ye J, Luo Y. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) phytochemicals and their biochemical protective mechanisms against leading pathologies. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Ren C, Li HH, Zhang CY, Song XC. Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114021. [PMID: 36049331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury, and pathogenesis. A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies and epidemiological investigations have found that chronic fluorosis can cause brain damage, resulting in abnormal brain structure and brain function.Chronic fluorosis not only causes a decline in concentration, learning, and memory, but also has mental symptoms such as anxiety, tension, and depression. Several possible mechanisms that have been proposed: the oxidative stress and inflammation theory, neural cell apoptosis theory, neurotransmitter imbalance theory, as well as the doctrine of the interaction of fluorine with other elements. However, the specific mechanism of chronic fluorosis on brain damage is still unclear. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms via which chronic fluorosis causes brain damage is of great significance to protect the physical and mental health of people in developing countries, especially those living in the endemic areas of fluorosis. In brief, further investigation concerning the influence of fluoride on the brain should be conducted as the neural damage induced by it may bring about a huge problem in public health, especially considering growing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China; Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China.
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212000, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital, No.379 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China; Department of Emergency psychology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China; Department of Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliate Hospital, No.99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
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6
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Komuroglu AU, Seckin H, Ertaş M, Meydan I. Metagenomic Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota in Florated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3275-3283. [PMID: 34786660 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota have shown that it plays an important role in animal health and metabolic diseases. The intestinal microbiota is a complex structure that functions as an organ system with the presence of trillions of microorganisms. In this study, changes in the intestinal microbiota of Wistar rats with high fluorine were evaluated. Water containing 100 ppm NaF was given to 14 male Wistar albino rats as drinking water for 12 weeks. Fluorine is known to be an inducer of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, modulation of intracellular redox homeostasis, and oxidative stress. In this study, it was determined that the level of MDA (molandialdehyde), one of the oxidative stress parameters, increased significantly in the intestinal tissue after fluorine intoxication. The decrease in CAT (catalase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) enzyme activities was found to be statistically significant. Intestinal tissues were taken under aseptic conditions and microorganisms found in flora were replicated by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-specific primers. As a result of the sequence analysis, a statistical comparison of the control group and the fluorine applied group was made. The study we have done showed that there was a significant difference in species diversity in the intestinal microbiota of mice treated with fluorine. As a result, the composition of the intestinal microflora, especially Lactobacillus species, was significantly changed in rats with high fluorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ufuk Komuroglu
- Health Services Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Seckin
- Health Services Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Metin Ertaş
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey.
- Hakkari University Biological Diversity Application and Research Center, Hakkari, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Meydan
- Health Services Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
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7
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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:449-468. [PMID: 36422650 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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8
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Yu YM, Zhou BH, Yang YL, Guo CX, Zhao J, Wang HW. Estrogen Deficiency Aggravates Fluoride-Induced Liver Damage and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2767-2776. [PMID: 34392477 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts essential role in liver metabolism, and its deficiency is frequently accompanied by a series of metabolic disorder diseases. To investigate the role of estrogen deficiency in fluorine ions (F-) induced liver injury, the ovariectomy (OVX) rat models were performed by surgically removing the ovaries, and the rats from OVX and non-OVX models were exposed to differential dose of F- (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L) in drinking water for 90 days. The liver morphological structure was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Proliferation ability of hepatocytes was evaluated by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. And distribution of lipid droplets in liver tissue was observed via oil red O staining. In addition, the liver function and lipid metabolism parameters in serum were detected by commercial kits. Results showed that F- induced hepatocytes morphological damage and inhibited the proliferation ability of hepatocytes; estrogen deficiency exacerbated these changes. The deposition of lipid droplets in the liver tissue was multiplicative with increased F- dose, especially after estrogen deficiency. In addition, F- exposure increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) serum aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) activities and total bilirubin (T-bil) level; meanwhile, serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) levels were also elevated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). F--induced liver function and lipid metabolism indexes were further increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the state of estrogen deficiency. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency aggravated F--induced liver damage and lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
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9
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Angwa LM, Jiang Y, Pei J, Sun D. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1418-1441. [PMID: 34003450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a major public health problem globally. The non-availability of specific treatment and the irreversible nature of dental and skeletal lesions poses a challenge in the management of fluorosis. Oxidative stress is known to be one of the most important mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Fluoride promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which further leads to activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Phytochemicals that act as antioxidants have the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Evidence confirms that clinical symptoms of fluorosis can be mitigated to some extent or prevented by long-term intake of antioxidants and plant products. The primary purpose of this review is to examine recent findings that focus on the amelioration of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by natural and synthetic phytochemicals and their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linet M Angwa
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kabarak University, Nakuru, 20157, Kenya
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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10
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Bouasla A, Barour C, Bouasla I, Messarah M. Beneficial Effects of Punica granatum L. Juice and Gallic Acid Against Kidney Oxidative Damage Caused by Sodium Fluoride. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li H, Hao Z, Wang L, Yang J, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Yuan H, Wang J. Dietary Calcium Alleviates Fluorine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats by Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:271-280. [PMID: 33629228 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride (F) exposure can lead to liver damage; moreover, recent studies found that the addition of appropriate calcium (Ca) can alleviate the symptom of skeletal fluorosis. However, whether Ca can relieve F-induced liver damage through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway has not been reported yet. Therefore, we assessed the liver morphology, serum transaminase content, liver oxidative stress-related enzymes, and apoptosis-related gene and protein expression in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) and different concentrations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for 120 days. Our results showed that NaF brought out pathological changes in liver morphology, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, suggesting that NaF caused hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. In addition, the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry showed that NaF exposure upregulated the expression of Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax), rho-related coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1), cytochrome C (Cyto-C) mRNA and protein (P < 0.01), and downregulated B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and mRNA (P < 0.01), indicating that excessive F exposure activated mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the liver. However, the addition of 1% CaCO3 to the diet significantly increased the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 (P < 0.01), inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and reduced mitochondrial damage. In summary, supplementing 1% CaCO3 in the diet can alleviate the NaF-induced liver cell damage through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Linjiang Sub-district Office, Tunliu District, Changzhi City, 046100, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Basic Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Meera N, Divya MK, Silpa P, Pareeth CM, Raghavamenon AC, Babu TD. Amelioration of sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress by Cynometra travancorica Bedd in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:243-249. [PMID: 34798691 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cynometra travancorica, endemic to Western Ghats of India is pharmacologically similar to Saraca asoca and occasionally used as substitute in a well-known Ayurvedic uterine tonic Asokarishta. S. asoca possess various biological properties, but there are no reports on C. travancorica. The present study evaluated the pharmacological properties of C. travancorica and its efficacy in attenuating the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress in mice. METHODS Antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of C. travancorica (CTE) stem bark was evaluated using DPPH, superoxide radical scavenging and total antioxidant assays. The effect of CTE on mitigating NaF deteriorated redox status in the liver tissue of mice was evaluated. Functional groups in CTE were analyzed by FTIR analysis. RESULTS CTE effectively scavenged the free radicals in in vitro condition. CTE could augment catalase (46.6%), superoxide dismutase (53.8%) activities and GSH level (48.1%) against NaF induced decline in the liver tissue of mice. The peroxidation of lipids was found to be decreased by 44.9% and tissue damage abated as inferred by histopathology. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of biologically active functional groups in CTE. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the ameliorative effect of C. travancorica against NaF induced deleterious effect in experimental animals by its potent antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Meera
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | - Menon K Divya
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha Silpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Thekkekara D Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Kerala, India
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Illam SP, Kandiyil SP, Narayanankutty A, Veetil SV, Babu TD, Uppu RM, Raghavamenon AC. Virgin coconut oil complements with its polyphenol components mitigate sodium fluoride toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2528-2534. [PMID: 34407699 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1962691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO), prepared from fresh coconut kernel without any chemical refining, is an emerging functional food. The pharmacological benefits of VCO are believed to be due to the natural combination of phenolics. Although cell culture studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of VCO under different oxidative stress conditions, a valid in vivo demonstration of the antioxidant activity of VCO is yet to come. Sodium fluoride (NaF), an environmental pollutant, is widely used to induce oxidative stress in cell culture models and rodents to test the antioxidant potential of several compounds. Herein, VCO and its polyphenolic (VCOP) and non-phenolic oil fraction (VCOF) were individually tested in fluoride-exposed normal intestinal cells (IEC-6) and mice to address their contribution to the documented antioxidant potential. It was found that pretreatment of VCOP (40 µg/mL) was effective in mitigating the fluoride-induced cell death when compared to VCO (200 µg/mL) and VCOF (160 µg/mL). Further, exposure to fluoride (10 mM), increased the intracellular ROS measured based on the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, and this, in turn, was significantly reduced when the cells were supplemented with VCOP. Oral administration of VCO (2 mL/kg bwt) reversed the drop in the hepatic catalase and SOD activities to near normal with a minimal level of lipid peroxidation in fluoride intoxicated mice. However, VCOP and VCOF were less effective in lowering the fluoride-induced increase in hepatic oxidative stress markers. It is reasoned that the oil components of VCO complement the natural antioxidant molecules resulting in an overall increase in their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rao M Uppu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Recent advances in cellular effects of fluoride: an update on its signalling pathway and targeted therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5661-5673. [PMID: 34254226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is a natural element essential in minute quantities in human's to maintain dental and skeletal health. However, the disease fluorosis manifests itself due to excessive fluoride intake mostly through drinking water and sometimes through food. At the cellular energetics level, fluoride is a known inhibitor of glycolysis. At the tissue level, the effect of fluoride has been more pronounced in the musculoskeletal systems due to its ability to retain fluoride. Fluoride alters dentinogenesis, thereby affecting the tooth enamel formation. In bones, fluoride alters the osteogenesis by replacing calcium, thus resulting in bone deformities. In skeletal muscles, high concentration and long term exposure to fluoride causes loss of muscle proteins leading to atrophy. Although fluorosis is quite a familiar problem, the exact molecular pathway is not yet clear. Extensive research on the effects of fluoride on various organs and its toxicity was reported. Indeed, it is clear that high and chronic exposure to fluoride causes cellular apoptosis. Accordingly, in this review, we have highlighted fluoride-mediated apoptosis via two vital pathways, mitochondrial-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. This review also elaborates on new cellular energetic, apoptotic pathways and therapeutic strategies targeted to treat fluorosis.
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Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Skaletska N, Maksin V, Osadowski Z. Elemental Status and Lipid Peroxidation in the Blood of Children with Endemic Fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1237-1245. [PMID: 32557098 PMCID: PMC7886736 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the levels of trace elements, minerals, and toxic elements as well as lipid peroxidation biomarkers (lipid acyl hydroperoxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis from endemic fluorosis areas (Sosnivka village, Lviv region, western Ukraine). The results were compared with healthy children from Staryi Sambir (Lviv region, western Ukraine), whose drinking water contained permissible levels (< 1 ppm) of fluoride. Thirty-one children from the Sosnivka village in the Lviv region, including 16 females and 15 males aged 7-10 years, with clinically diagnosed fluorosis, were recruited for the study. The children had been exposed to fluoride (> 1.5 ppm) through drinking water for more than 5 years. In the blood, eight macro- and microelements (calcium, zinc, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium), five additional elements (sulfur, bromine, chlorine, nickel, strontium), and four toxic elements (lead, mercury, cadmium, mercury) were assessed with the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of our study demonstrated a 14-fold decrease in the copper level, a 2.5-fold decrease in the calcium and zinc levels, and a 2-fold decrease in the selenium level in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis compared with the healthy children from the non-fluorosis area. In turn, a 1.7- and 1.4-fold increase in the strontium and lead content, respectively, was noted. The sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, and selenium levels in the blood samples of children with chronic fluorosis were lower than the reference value. The children had higher blood TBARS levels, while the acyl hydroperoxide levels were non-significantly increased in comparison with healthy children living in the non-fluorosis area. Additionally, the bromine level was correlated positively with the selenium level and acyl hydroperoxides. However, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between blood mineral status, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | | | - Viktor Maksin
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zbigniew Osadowski
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences,, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str. 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
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16
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Erkan M, Aydin Y, Orta Yilmaz B, Yildizbayrak N. Protective effects of vitamin C against fluoride toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Efe U, Dede S, Yüksek V, Çetin S. Apoptotic and Oxidative Mechanisms in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Sheep with Fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:136-141. [PMID: 32277396 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to determine the molecular basis and causes of damage to the kidney and the liver, which are the most affected tissues in sheep exposed to chronic fluoride. For this purpose, liver and kidney tissues were obtained from sheep with signs of fluorosis in the age range of 4-6 years. The control group consisted of clinically healthy sheep without fluorosis. The apoptotic and oxidative genes expression of target genes was determined using the real qRT-PCR method. According to the control gene (Gapdh) that was detected that in the liver, the apoptotic genes caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bim increased and caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bak decreased, while in the kidney, caspase-3 and Bax and caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bcl2l-1, Bim, and Bak decreased. According to the 2-ΔCt values of the oxidative stress genes, it was determined that Cygb, Gstp1, and Ncf1 genes increased significantly in the fluorosis group and Gpx1, sod1, and sod2 genes decreased significantly. In the kidney tissue, Cygb and Gpx1 increased in the fluorosis group, while sod1, sod2, Gstp1, Ncf1 and Ccs, and Nos2 were found to decrease significantly. As a result, it was shown that apoptosis and oxidative mechanisms are activated in the liver and the kidney tissues of sheep with fluorosis and these parameters have an important role in understanding the molecular basis of tissue damage in fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Efe
- Faculty of Medicine, Training Hospital, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Semiha Dede
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Yüksek
- Ozalp Regional High School, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sedat Çetin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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18
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Sivanesan S, Raju S, Gudemalla K. Ginkgo biloba ameliorates fluoride toxicity in rats by altering histopathology, serum enzymes of heme metabolism and oxidative stress without affecting brain mGluR5 gene. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_534_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Wu J, Li P, Shi Y, Fang Y, Zhu Y, Fan F, Pei F, Xia J, Xie M, Hu Q. Neuroprotective effects of two selenium-containing peptides, TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ, derived from selenium-enriched rice protein hydrolysates on Pb2+-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Yadav KK, Kumar S, Pham QB, Gupta N, Rezania S, Kamyab H, Yadav S, Vymazal J, Kumar V, Tri DQ, Talaiekhozani A, Prasad S, Reece LM, Singh N, Maurya PK, Cho J. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109362. [PMID: 31254856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In low concentration, fluoride is considered a necessary compound for human health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is the reason for a serious disease called fluorosis. Fluorosis is categorized as Skeletal and Dental fluorosis. Several Asian countries, such as India, face contamination of water resources with fluoride. In this study, a comprehensive overview on fluoride contamination in Asian water resources has been presented. Since water contamination with fluoride in India is higher than other Asian countries, a separate section was dedicated to review published articles on fluoride contamination in this country. The status of health effects in Asian countries was another topic that was reviewed in this study. The effects of fluoride on human organs/systems such as urinary, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive systems were another topic that was reviewed in this study. Different methods to remove fluoride from water such as reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, nanofiltration, adsorption, ion-exchange and precipitation/coagulation were introduced in this study. Although several studies have been carried out on contamination of water resources with fluoride, the situation of water contamination with fluoride and newly developed technology to remove fluoride from water in Asian countries has not been reviewed. Therefore, this review is focused on these issues: 1) The status of fluoride contamination in Asian countries, 2) health effects of fluoride contamination in drinking water in Asia, and 3) the existing current technologies for defluoridation in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Quoc Bao Pham
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Department of Civil Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University Raisen, Madhya Prades, India
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Doan Quang Tri
- Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Shiv Prasad
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lisa M Reece
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Neeraja Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Maurya
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangari Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Gallegos CE, Bras C, Dominguez S, Cancela LM, Minetti A. Effects of Perinatal Fluoride Exposure on Short- and Long-Term Memory, Brain Antioxidant Status, and Glutamate Metabolism of Young Rat Pups. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:405-414. [PMID: 31220985 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819857558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fluoride (F) during the development affects central nervous system of the offspring rats which results in the impairment of cognitive functions. However, the exact mechanisms of F neurotoxicity are not clearly defined. To investigate the effects of perinatal F exposure on memory ability of young rat offspring, dams were exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L F during gestation and lactation. Additionally, we evaluated the possible underlying neurotoxic mechanisms implicated. The results showed that the memory ability declined in 45-day-old offspring, together with a decrease of catalase and glutamate transaminases activity in specific brain areas. The present study reveals that exposure to F in early stages of rat development leads to impairment of memory in young offspring, highlighting the alterations of oxidative stress markers as well as the activity of enzymes involved in the glutamatergic system as a possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bartos
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gumilar
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina E Gallegos
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Bras
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Dominguez
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Cancela
- IFEC, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Minetti
- Toxicology Lab. INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Aydin Y, Orta Yilmaz B, Yildizbayrak N, Korkut A, Arabul Kursun M, Irez T, Erkan M. Evaluation of citrinin-induced toxic effects on mouse Sertoli cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:559-565. [PMID: 31137973 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1614021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium citrinum-derived mycotoxin citrinin (CTN) is known to be a toxic agent for humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that CTN leads to toxicity in many biological systems; however, a limited number of studies have been performed to demonstrate the harmful effects of CTN on the male reproductive system. In the present study, the effects of CTN on cytotoxicity and apoptosis were examined in Sertoli cells as a model. Sertoli cells were treated with eight different CTN concentrations (from 0 up to 200 µM, for 6-72 h). Toxic potential of CTN was estimated by measuring metabolic activity (MTT test), DNA synthesis (BrdU test), and cell membrane damage (LDH test) as well as apoptosis and necrosis (via staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342). The results showed that CTN significantly decreased the cell viability and cell proliferation, increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CTN showed cytotoxicity in Sertoli cells with an IC50 value of 116.5 µM for 24 h. In conclusion, these findings clearly showed that, CTN affects Sertoli cells even at low concentrations. Thus, as a result of the damage of CTN shown in Sertoli cells, it can be deduced that CTN may also have detrimental effects on the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Orta Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nebahat Yildizbayrak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Korkut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Tulay Irez
- Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Erkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Chaithra B, Sarjan HN, Shivabasavaiah. Time-dependent effect of ground water fluoride on motility, abnormality and antioxidant status of spermatozoa: An in vitro study. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:368-377. [PMID: 31006349 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719842499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of ground water fluoride (F) on motility, abnormality, and antioxidant status of spermatozoa. Treatment of ground water F with epididymal sperm suspension caused complete loss of sperm motility and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and abnormality of spermatozoa at 15 and 30 min time intervals. Further, incubation of spermatozoa with ground water F for 5, 10, and 15 min time intervals significantly reduced the sperm motility and activities of SOD and CAT and increased the concentration of MDA and abnormality of spermatozoa. The study revealed that F-induced effect on sperm motility and antioxidant status is time dependent. Increase in oxidative stress and concomitant decrease in motility of spermatozoa in ground water F clearly indicates that F-induced oxidative stress affected the sperm motility. The present study for the first time demonstrated the toxic effect of ground water F on spermatozoa at shorter duration of exposure, which affects the capability of spermatozoa in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chaithra
- 1 Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H N Sarjan
- 1 Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivabasavaiah
- 1 Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Waugh DT. Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium-and Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na +, K +-ATPase) Enzyme Activity: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1427. [PMID: 31010095 PMCID: PMC6518254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several lines of evidence are provided to show that Na + , K + -ATPase activity exerts vital roles in normal brain development and function and that loss of enzyme activity is implicated in neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as increased risk of cancer, metabolic, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is presented to show that fluoride (F) inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity by altering biological pathways through modifying the expression of genes and the activity of glycolytic enzymes, metalloenzymes, hormones, proteins, neuropeptides and cytokines, as well as biological interface interactions that rely on the bioavailability of chemical elements magnesium and manganese to modulate ATP and Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme activity. Taken together, the findings of this study provide unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms and biological pathways by which F inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity and contributes to the etiology and pathophysiology of diseases associated with impairment of this essential enzyme. Moreover, the findings of this study further suggest that there are windows of susceptibility over the life course where chronic F exposure in pregnancy and early infancy may impair Na + , K + -ATPase activity with both short- and long-term implications for disease and inequalities in health. These findings would warrant considerable attention and potential intervention, not to mention additional research on the potential effects of F intake in contributing to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, P72 YF10 Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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25
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Kinawy AA. Synergistic oxidative impact of aluminum chloride and sodium fluoride exposure during early stages of brain development in the rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10951-10960. [PMID: 30788699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is widely used in industry and in cooking utensils, especially in countries with low economic and social standards. Fluoride is also used in industry, a major component of toothpaste and is added to the drinking water in many countries to fight teeth decay and cavities. Consequently, the coexistence of aluminum and fluoride is highly probable. Growing evidence indicates that environmental pollutants during the early stages of embryonic development may reprogram the offspring's brain capabilities to encounter oxidative stress during the rest of their postnatal life. This study investigated the impact of sodium fluoride (NaF, 0.15 g/L) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3, 500 mg/L) added, individually or in combination, to the deionized drinking water starting from day 6 of gestation until just after weaning, or until the age of 70 days postnatal life. A significant decline was observed in tissue contents of vitamin C, reduced glutathione, GSH/GSSH ratio, and the total protein, as well as in the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in almost all cases. On the contrary, lipid peroxidation and NO, as total nitrate, exhibited a significant increase in comparison with the corresponding control. Based on the present results, administration of Al and NaF, alone or in combination abated the quenching effects of the antioxidant system and induced oxidative stress in most brain regions under investigation. In conclusion, aluminum and fluoride are very noxious environmental pollutants that interfere with the proper functions of the brain neurons and their combination together aggravates their hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Kinawy
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, 5700, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Black berry juice attenuates neurological disorders and oxidative stress associated with concurrent exposure of aluminum and fluoride in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Role of polyphenols and nonpolyphenols against toxicity induced by fluoride: a comprehensive review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 28:109-114. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Aydogan İ, Karslı MA, Başalan M, Yıldırım E, Çınar M, Şen G, Sümer T. Effects of Supplemental Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Diet of Broilers Exposed to Fluoride Intoxication. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:258-266. [PMID: 29549531 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dietary epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the performance, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathology of fluoride-intoxicated broiler chickens. In total, 160 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross PM3 strain) were collected and assigned to four groups (40 animals each), with four replicates. The control group received a basal diet; the F group received 800 mg/kg fluoride; the EGCG group received 400 mg/kg EGCG; and the EGCG+F group received 400 mg/kg EGCG and 800 mg/kg fluoride. The live weight (LW) of F-treated chicks was significantly lower than that of the controls. In the F-treated groups, feed intake (FI) and LW values were lower, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher than those of the controls. The ratio of heart weight to LW was found to be the highest in the F-treated groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the F-treated groups were significantly higher, whereas the increase in total cholesterol levels was insignificant than those in the control group. In the EGCG+F group, AST, total cholesterol, and TOS levels decreased to a level comparable to those in the control group. Histopathological evaluation revealed that there were mild changes in the portal region in the EGCG+F group; additionally, there was an improvement in liver morphology in the EGCG+F group compared to that in the F group. Thus, EGCG has potent antioxidant and regenerative effects that can ameliorate the detrimental effects of fluoride toxicity on blood parameters and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkay Aydogan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Akif Karslı
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Başalan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Miyase Çınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Şen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sümer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhan X. Antagonistic effects of different selenium sources on growth inhibition, oxidative damage, and apoptosis induced by fluorine in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3207-3217. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hacıoğlu C, KAR F, Kanbak G. Rat brain synaptosomes: In vitro neuroprotective effects of betaine against fluoride toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17546/msd.421851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Miao L, Zhou M, Zhang X, Yuan C, Dong X, Zou X. Effect of excess dietary fluoride on laying performance and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2200-2205. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gupta AR, Dey S, Saini M, Swarup D. Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on hydroxyproline level and expression of collagen-1 gene in rat bone and its amelioration by Tamrindus indica L. fruit pulp extract. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 9:12-16. [PMID: 28652842 PMCID: PMC5458109 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intoxication plays an important role in the development of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the toxic effect of excessive fluoride ingestion on the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in rat bone and its amelioration by supplementation with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control and received only tap water. The second group received sodium fluoride (200 ppm) through drinking water. The third group received T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) alone and the fourth group received the T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) along with fluorinated drinking water (200 ppm) daily by gavage for a period of 90 days. The level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene using quantitative real time PCR in the tibia bone decreased significantly with continuous exposure to sodium fluoride. Co-administration of T. indica fruit pulp extract during exposure to fluoride through drinking water restored the level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum and the concentration of hydroxyproline in urine. It increased the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in the tibia as compared to untreated fluoride-exposed rats. It is concluded that T. indica fruit pulp extract has an ameliorative potential to protect the bone from fluoride induced collagen damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Raj Gupta
- Environmental Medicine Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, India
| | - Sahadeb Dey
- Environmental Medicine Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Environmental Medicine Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, India
| | - Devendra Swarup
- Environmental Medicine Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, India
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Luo Q, Cui H, Deng H, Kuang P, Liu H, Lu Y, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Histopathological findings of renal tissue induced by oxidative stress due to different concentrations of fluoride. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50430-50446. [PMID: 28881573 PMCID: PMC5584147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that excessive intake of fluoride can induce renal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is still less understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate oxidative damage and the relationships between the oxidative damage and renal lesions in fluoride-treated mice by using the methods of histopathology, biochemistry, flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 240 ICR mice were randomly divided into four equal groups (sodium fluoride was given orally at the dose of 0, 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg body weight for 42 days, respectively). We found that fluoride in excess of 12 mg/kg induced renal oxidative damage, which was characterized by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC), and decreasing the abilities of anti-superoxide anion (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR), glutathione (GSH) content, as well as activities and mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Concurrently, fluoride caused degeneration and necrosis of the tubular cells, renal tubular hyaline casts and glomeruli swelling, which were consistent with the alteration of renal function parameters including elevated contents of serum creatinine (Cr), serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and the activities of urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), renal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reduced activities of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the kidney. The above-mentioned results showed that fluoride in excess of 12 mg/kg induced renal oxidative damage, which then caused renal lesions and dysfunctions. These findings also clearly demonstrated that oxidative damage is one of the mechanisms of fluoride-induced renal lesions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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Aly HAA, Mansour AM, Hassan MH, Abd-Ellah MF. Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:913-922. [PMID: 25533183 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control. Group II received lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day). Aroclor 1260 was given to rats by oral gavage at doses 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day (Groups III, IV, and V, respectively). Group VI was pretreated with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) 24 h before Aroclor 1260 (40 mg/kg/day). Treatment in all groups was continued for further 15 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased while total protein, total albumin, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in liver. Caspase-3 & -9 activities were significantly increased in liver. Lipoic acid pretreatment significantly reverted all these abnormalities toward their normal levels. In conclusion, Aroclor 1260 induced liver dysfunction, at least in part, by induction of oxidative stress. Apoptotic effect of hepatic cells is involved in Aroclor 1260-induced liver injury. Lipoic acid could protect rats against Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 913-922, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A A Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El-Madinah El-Munaworah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Niu R, Han H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Yin W, Yin X, Sun Z, Wang J. Changes in Liver Antioxidant Status of Offspring Mice Induced by Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Gestation and Lactation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:172-178. [PMID: 26613789 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intake for a long time has been demonstrated to provoke hepatic oxidative stress in adults. However, the response to fluoride toxicity of liver in newborns exposed to fluoride during embryonic and suckling stages remains unclear. In this study, female Kunming mice were administrated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) from prenatal day 0 to day 21 after delivery, and the antioxidative status in the liver of their pups at postnatal day 21 was evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, NaF significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and reduced catalase (CAT) activity, while no statistical difference was observed in activities and mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Notably, with comparison to the controls, the protein level of CAT was significantly reduced in medium- and high-fluoride groups, while its relative mRNA abundance was enhanced which could result from the encouragement of the lowered CAT protein expression. These findings suggested that CAT was more susceptible to low-fluoride exposure in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Haijun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiufang Yin
- Yanli Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Yangcheng, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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Hamza RZ, El-Shenawy NS, Ismail HAA. Protective effects of blackberry and quercetin on sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in the hepatic, renal, testis and brain tissue of male rat. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:237-51. [PMID: 25918918 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxication is associated with oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defense mechanism. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of blackberry and quercetin (Q) against NaF-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in liver, kidney, testis and brain tissues of rats. METHODS The rats were allocated evenly to seven groups. The first group was maintained as the control, whereas groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were administered blackberry juice (BBJ), Q, NaF, BBJ+NaF, Q+NaF and BBJ+Q+NaF, respectively, for a period of 30 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS NaF caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation level paralleled with significant decline in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as the total antioxidant activity in liver, kidney, testes and brain. Some histopathological changes were detected in all tested tissues of the NaF treated group. Q and BBJ had successfully maintained normal histological architecture and mitigated the induction of oxidative stress caused by NaF. Q effectively reduced the elevation in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver, kidney, testis and brain. Less histopathological changes were observed in Q+NaF and BBJ+NaF treated groups. As a result, BBJ and Q significantly reduced NaF-induced oxidative and histological changes in rats. In the combination of BBJ and Q against NaF toxicity, the effects were more severe than from separate exposure, thus indicating that these flavonoids exhibited synergistic effects on all antioxidant and histological parameters.
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Yang H, Xing R, Liu S, Yu H, Li P. γ-Aminobutyric acid ameliorates fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in male Kunming mice. Life Sci 2015; 146:1-7. [PMID: 26724496 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the protective effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid and anti-oxidant, against fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in mice. MAIN METHODS Light microscope sample preparation technique and TEM sample preparation technique were used to assay thyroid microstructure and ultrastructure; enzyme immunoassay method was used to assay hormone and protein levels; immunohistochemical staining method was used to assay apoptosis of thyroid follicular epithelium cells. KEY FINDINGS Subacute injection of sodium fluoride (NaF) decreased blood T4, T3 and thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) levels to 33.98 μg/l, 3 2.8 ng/ml and 11.67 ng/ml, respectively. In addition, fluoride intoxication induced structural abnormalities in thyroid follicles. Our results showed that treatment of fluoride-exposed mice with GABA appreciably decreased metabolic toxicity induced by fluoride and restored the microstructural and ultrastructural organisation of the thyroid gland towards normalcy. Compared with the negative control group, GABA treatment groups showed significantly upregulated T4, T3 and TBG levels (42.34 μg/l, 6.54 ng/ml and 18.78 ng/ml, respectively; P<0.05), properly increased TSH level and apoptosis inhibition in thyroid follicular epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish the therapeutic efficacy of GABA as a natural antioxidant in inducing thyroprotection against fluoride-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Yang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Marine Science and Technology National Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Aghababaee SK, Vafa M, Shidfar F, Tahavorgar A, Gohari M, Katebi D, Mohammadi V. Effects of blackberry (Morus nigra L.) consumption on serum concentration of lipoproteins, apo A-I, apo B, and high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein and blood pressure in dyslipidemic patients. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:684-91. [PMID: 26622259 PMCID: PMC4638072 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.166227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study investigated blackberry (Persian mulberry) effects on apo A-I, apo B, high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in dyslipidemic patients. Materials and Methods: In this 8-week randomized clinical trial, 72 dyslipidemic patients were randomly divided into two groups: Intervention (300 mL/day blackberry juice with pulp) and control group (usual diets). Before and after the intervention, fasting blood samples were taken from both groups and serum concentration of lipoprotein, apo A-I and apo B, serum lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and triglyceride), hs-CRP were measured. Blood pressure before and after the study was measured with a mercury manometer. Results: At week 8 in the intervention group, apo A-I and HDL increased significantly (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, respectively), apo B and hs-CRP decreased significantly (P = 0.044, P = 0.04, respectively). Mean changes in apo A-I and HDL and apo B/apo A-I ratio were significant between the groups (P = 0.005, P = 0.014, and P = 0.009, respectively). After 8 weeks, there was a significant difference between hs-CRP mean values (P = 0.01) of the groups. At week 8, SBP decreased significantly (P = 0.005) in the intervention group with no significant differences for SBP mean values between the groups. No significant changes were observed in other lipid parameters and DBP in the intervention group and between the groups. Conclusion: Blackberry consumption may exert beneficial effects on apolipoproteins, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers in individuals with lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshtkar Aghababaee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Diettetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Endocrine Research Center (Firouzgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Tahavorgar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Diettetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Gohari
- Department of Statistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Davod Katebi
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Vida Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Diettetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou BH, Zhao J, Liu J, Zhang JL, Li J, Wang HW. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress is involved in the morphological damage and dysfunction of liver in female mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:504-11. [PMID: 26295688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F), one of the most toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, is known to exert hepatotoxicity. The contribution of oxidative stress to the F tolerance of liver remains largely unknown. In this study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of liver were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Oxidative-stress participations was analysed and the mRNA expression levels of catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSH-Px1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were investigated by real-time PCR. Changes in liver-function parameters were also detected. Results showed that the reactive content of reactive oxygen species increased significantly, whereas SOD and GSH-Px activities, as well as total anti-oxidising capability (T-AOC), decreased significantly, with increased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver and serum after 70days of F treatment. The mRNA expression levels of Cat, GSH-Px1, and SOD were significantly downregulated, whereas NOS2 mRNA expression level was up upregulated, after F treatment for 70days. Light microscopy also revealed that hepatocytes were fused into pieces; cell boundaries were unclear, and nuclei were lightly stained. TEM further showed that hepatocytes were characterised by vague nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and aggravated vacuolar degeneration. Activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the level of total bilirubin in serum increased. Overall, these results indicated that F interfered with the balance of antioxidase activity and morphological changes in liver, which were involved in mouse liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-hua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jeffrey Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ji-liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Hong-wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China.
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Effects of pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf extract on the antioxidant enzyme activities of salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during processing. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cao J, Chen J, Xie L, Wang J, Feng C, Song J. Protective properties of sesamin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio) via JNK signaling pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:180-190. [PMID: 26340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against fluoride-induced injury in kidney of fish have not been clarified. Previously we found that fluoride exposure caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In this study, the effects of sesamin on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in fluoride-exposed fish were determined. The results showed that sesamin alleviated significantly fluoride-induced renal damage and apoptosis of carp in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by the histopathological examination and ultrastructural observation. Moreover, treatment with sesamin also inhibited significantly fluoride-induced remarkable enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, such as the increase of lipid peroxidation level and the depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level in kidney. To explore the underlying mechanisms of sesamin action, we found that activities of caspase-3 were notably inhibited by treatment with sesamin in the kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. Sesamin decreased the levels of p-JNK protein in kidney, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events by restoring the balance between mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and by decreasing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. JNK was also involved in the mitochondrial extrinsic apoptotic pathways of sesamin effects against fluoride-induced renal injury by regulating the levels of p-c-Jun, necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Bak proteins. These findings indicated that sesamin could protect kidney against fluoride-induced apoptosis by the oxidative stress downstream-mediated change in the inactivation of JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, sesamin plays an important role in maintaining renal health and preventing kidney from toxic damage induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Yan X, Yang X, Hao X, Ren Q, Gao J, Wang Y, Chang N, Qiu Y, Song G. Sodium Fluoride Induces Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes by Altering Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Intracellular ROS Level. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:210-5. [PMID: 25707396 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive fluoride intake is known to be toxic, and effects of long-term fluorosis on different organ systems have been examined. However, there are few studies about the effects of fluorosis on cardiovascular systems. Here, we studied the fluoride-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms including the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the cell apoptosis. Sodium fluoride (NaF) at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/L was administered to cultured H9c2 cells for up to 48 h. After the treatment, H9c2 cells were collected and the associated parameters were measured by flow cytometry. Our study found that fluoride not only inhibited H9c2 cell proliferation but also induced cell apoptosis. With the increment of NaF concentration, the apoptotic rates and ROS generation were increased, while the ΔΨm was decreased. In summary, these data suggested that NaF-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis is mediated by direct increased intracellular ROS and downregulated ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, (TYNU), Taiyuan, 030031, People's Republic of China,
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Chen J, Cao J, Wang J, Jia R, Xue W, Xie L. Fluoride-induced apoptosis and expressions of caspase proteins in the kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:769-781. [PMID: 24459041 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, and 9 in kidney of the carp juveniles exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mg L(-1) of fluoride (in the form of NaF) for 90 days. The results showed that dose- and time-dependent decrease of SOD and GSH and dose- and time-dependent increase of MDA were observed in the carp juveniles, which suggested that fluoride induced oxidative damage accompanied with morphological changes and significant apoptosis in fish exposed to fluoride, especially in the higher doses. Fluoride exposure also significantly elevated the protein expressions of caspase-3, 8, and 9. In conclusion, these results indicate that chronic exposure to fluoride causes oxidative stress, damages the kidney structure, and results in renal apoptosis by caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ruhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Wenjuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
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Dhanavathy G. Immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and biomarker studies of swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced β-cell damage in Wistar rat pancreas. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:669-84. [PMID: 25770453 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is globally the major cause for metabolic syndrome in STZ-induced diabetic rats, leading to mortality. Treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents causes adverse side effects and thus treatment with natural herbal drugs like swertiamarin is promising. Swertiamarin, an active compound isolated from Enicostemma littorale possesses antidiabetic activity and enhances β cell regeneration which causes reversal of diabetes. OBJECTIVES The present study aims at the following: (1) to evaluate antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, activity of swertiamarin in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats using biomarkers. (2) To assess histopathological alterations in Pancreas, Liver, Kidney, and Heart of swertiamarin-treated STZ-induced diabetic rats and confirm cytoprotective activity of swertiamarin by Immunohistochemistry and morphometric investigations. METHODS Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally in male Wistar rats by Streptozotocin (STZ 50 mg/kg). After STZ-induction, hyperglycemic rats were treated with doses of swertiamarin orally (15, 25, 50 mg/kg) each for 28 days. Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), a sulphonyl urea, was used as a standard drug. The glycemic control was measured by the biochemical parameter assays. Histopathology analysis of organs and immunohistochemistry of islets were carried out. RESULTS Our study results showed that oral administration of swertiamarin at a dosage of 15, 25, 50 mg/kg bw for 28 days resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL, and increased the levels of hemoglobin, plasma insulin, TP, body weight, and HDL levels significantly (p < 0.01) when compared to STZ-induced diabetic rats, as confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. The effect of swertiamarin on Carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes was investigated and found to have normal therapeutic activity. Histopathological studies of Pancreas of swertiamarin-treated diabetic rats showed regeneration of islets when compared to STZ-induced diabetic rats, as confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. CONCLUSION Our research results clearly substantiate that swertiamarin possesses antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, cytoprotective, and immune reactivity and also a broad spectrum potential of treating diabetes and other complications related to diabetes and hence can be developed into a potent oral antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dhanavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
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Kanagaraj VV, Panneerselvam L, Govindarajan V, Ameeramja J, Perumal E. Caffeic acid, a phyto polyphenol mitigates fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats: A possible mechanism. Biofactors 2015; 41:90-100. [PMID: 25845575 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. However, the mechanism underlying in the hepatotoxicity of experimental fluorosis remains obscure. The severity of fluoride toxicity was reduced by oral administration of certain plant derived antioxidants. Caffeic acid (CA) a polyphenolic compound has diverse range of pharmacological activity in the biological system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CA, against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with 300 ppm of NaF via drinking water ad libitum alone and in combination with CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 30 days by oral intubation. CA treatment significantly prevented fluoride induced hepatic damage as evident from the histopathological studies and declined levels of serum fluoride and liver marker enzymes. A significant decrease in the levels of enzymatic (SOD2, CAT, GPx, and GSTpi class) and nonenzymatic (GSH and Vitamin C) antioxidants along with increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate levels by fluoride were also prevented in these groups. In addition, CA inhibits fluoride induced apoptosis by altering the Bax and caspase-3p20 expressions. Further, fluoride induced upregulation of Nox4, p38α MAPK, Hsp60, and downregulation of Hsp27 are the indicators for the detection of oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial stress was also modulated by CA. These findings reveal that CA supplementation has a protective effect against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vignesh Kanagaraj
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641 046, India
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Singh A, Kaur M, Choudhary A, Kumar B. Effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:85-91. [PMID: 25598640 PMCID: PMC4285655 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Butea monosperma is a medium sized deciduous tree of family Fabaceae. It is widely used by rural people in India to cure many disorders. It possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity which is a prerequisite for anticlastogenic activity. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice. Materials and Methods: The present study assessed the role of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of B. monosperma (AQEBM and ETEBM) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in mice using micronucleus assay for anticlastogenic activity and biochemical estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) for antioxidant activity. The frequency of the micronucleated erythrocytes and mitotic index was studied in peripheral blood and bone marrow after 24 and 48 h of clastogenic exposure. Results: CP treatment led to a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the frequency of micronuclei and decrease in the mitotic index (MI) in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Moreover, CP also significantly increased the lipid peroxidation as evidenced by an increase in the MDA content and decreased the antioxidant enzyme (GSH) in mice liver. Pretreatment with AQEBM and ETEBM reduced the frequency of micronuclei and increased the MI in the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells and also restored the MDA and GSH levels in mice liver. Conclusion: The AQEBM and ETEBM do contain compounds capable of inhibiting the CP induced oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Mohanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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Sarkar C, Pal S. Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against fluoride-induced alteration of thyroid function in male wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:278-87. [PMID: 25164033 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol and well-known natural antioxidant has been evaluated for its protective effect against fluoride-induced metabolic dysfunctions in rat thyroid gland. Fluoride, the most abundant anions present in groundwater throughout the world, creates a major problem in safe drinking water and causes metabolic, structural, and functional injuries in different organ systems. Sub-acute exposure to sodium fluoride at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w./day orally to rat for 30 days induces thyroidal dysfunction including suppressed synthetic machinery of the thyroid gland to produce nucleic acids and thyroid hormones, mainly T3 and T4. Other functional changes are alteration of certain metabolic enzyme activities like Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, thyroid peroxidase, and 5,5'-deiodinase. Structural abnormality of thyroid follicles by fluoride intoxication clearly indicates its thyrotoxic manifestation. Resveratrol supplementation in fluoride-exposed animals appreciably prevented metabolic toxicity caused by fluoride and restored both functional status and ultra-structural organization of the thyroid gland towards normalcy. This study first establishes the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol as a natural antioxidant in thyroprotection against toxic insult caused by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Sarkar
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, 799022, India
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Antidotal activity of Averrhoa carambola (Star fruit) on fluoride induced toxicity in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 7:103-10. [PMID: 26109886 PMCID: PMC4427722 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fluoride leads to several physiological disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant metabolisms. Averrhoa carambola L. fruit (Star fruit) is a commonly consumed fruit in tropical countries and is an ingredient in folklore medicines. As the fruits have high polyphenolic and antioxidant contents, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of star fruit as a dietary supplement in attenuating the fluoride induced hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress in laboratory rats. A four-week exposure to fluoride caused sustained hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress and, when the diet was supplemented with star fruit powder, carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant profiles were restored significantly. It is surmised that the antihyperglycemic, antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant activities of star fruit in fluoride exposed rats could be due to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, ascorbic acid and fibers in the fruit, which are all well known regulators of carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant metabolisms. These findings suggest that star fruit can be used as a dietary supplement in fluoride endemic regions to contain fluoride induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Pal S, Sarkar C. Protective effect of resveratrol on fluoride induced alteration in protein and nucleic acid metabolism, DNA damage and biogenic amines in rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:684-699. [PMID: 25233527 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride, a well-established environmental carcinogen, has been found to cause various neurodegenerative diseases in human. Sub-acute exposure to fluoride at a dose of 20mg/kgb.w./day for 30 days caused significant alteration in pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant status of brain tissue as reflected by perturbation of reduced glutathione content, increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, nitric oxide and free hydroxyl radical production and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Decreased proteolytic and transaminase enzymes' activities, protein and nucleic acid contents and associated DNA damage were observed in the brain of fluoride intoxicated rats. The neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin level was also significantly altered after fluoride exposure. Protective effect of resveratrol on fluoride-induced metabolic and oxidative dysfunctions was evaluated. Resveratrol was found to inhibit changes in metabolic activities restoring antioxidant status, biogenic amine level and structural organization of the brain. Our findings indicated that resveratrol imparted antioxidative role in ameliorating fluoride-induced metabolic and oxidative stress in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pal
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, Agartala 799022, India.
| | - Chaitali Sarkar
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, Agartala 799022, India
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Sodium fluoride induced antioxidant defense impairment and impaired renal biomarkers and the ameliorative role of selenium and curcumin in male mice. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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