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Khan Z, Ali SA. Isocyanate induces cytotoxicity via activation of phosphorylated alpha synuclein protein, nitrosative stress, and apoptotic pathway in Parkinson's Disease model-SHSY-5Y cells. Neurol Res 2023; 45:676-687. [PMID: 36827495 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2181919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic disorders account for a significant portion of the diseases that influence the worldwide disease burden. Parkinson's disease is one such disease that is linked with environmental toxin exposure. Isocyanates are a highly reactive industrial intermediate used widely in manufacturing plastic products, paints, etc. This study aims to delineate the neurotoxic potential of isocyanate in Parkinson's cell model-SHSY-5Y cells. METHODOLOGY SHSY-5Y cells were treated with isocyanate analogue (N succinimidyl N methyl carbamate) in time and dose dependant manner. Different parameters were assessed like protein expression, nitrosative stress level, antioxidant enzymes level and apoptosis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that dose- and time-dependent isocyanate exposure increases reactive nitrogen species and decreases the glutathione, SOD, and catalase levels. Further, increased phosphorylated alpha-synuclein protein and activation of caspase 3 exert cytotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. CONCLUSION Our research reveals that widely used isocyanate induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis, nitrosative stress, and protein dysfunction, which might constitute a potential mechanism of neurodegeneration in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
| | - Sharique A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
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2
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Deng SZ, Li XY, Wang ZM, Wang JB, Han DY, Fan JH, Zhao Q, Liu H, Wang XS. Assessment of 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol safety and attractiveness to mature males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112567. [PMID: 34364125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Males of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) are highly attracted to, and compulsively feed, on methyl eugenol (ME). ME is converted into 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (E-CF), which are temporarily sequestered in the fly's rectal gland prior to being released at dusk. Previous research initially confirmed that DMP is a relatively strong lure to B. dorsalis males. However, the characteristics of males' response to DMP and toxicology of DMP remains largely unclear. In our study, we demonstrated that DMP was more attractive to sexually mature males than E-CF tested in laboratory bioassays. Interestingly, the responsiveness of mature males to DMP was not uniform throughout the day, eliciting the highest response during the day and dropping to a low level at night. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the olfactory responses of virgin and mated mature males to DMP. No obvious signs of toxic symptom and deaths were observed in mice during a 14-day acute oral toxicity testing. Further, toxicologically significant changes were not observed in body weight, water intake, food consumption, and absolute and relative organ weights between control and treated groups, implying DMP could be regarded as nontoxic. Lastly, the cytotoxicity data of DMP on cells showed that it exhibited no significant cytotoxicity to normal human and mouse cells. Taken together, results from both the acute and cellular toxicity experiments demonstrated the nontoxic nature of DMP. In conclusion, DMP shows promise as an effective and eco-friendly lure for B. dorsalis males, and may contribute to controlling B. dorsalis in the flied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhen Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zi-Ming Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jun-Bo Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dan-Yang Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jia-Hao Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xin-Shuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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3
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Guarda PM, Pontes AMS, S. Domiciano R, S. Gualberto L, B. Mendes D, A. Guarda E, Silva JEC. Determination of Carbamates and Thiocarbamates in Water, Soil and Sediment of the Formoso River, TO, Brazil. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900717. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. Guarda
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - Antonina M. S. Pontes
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - Raquel S. Domiciano
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - Larissa S. Gualberto
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - Danylo B. Mendes
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - Emerson A. Guarda
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
| | - José E. C. Silva
- Environmental Chemistry and Biofuels LaboratoryFederal University of Tocantins 77001-090 Palmas, TO Brazil
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4
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Sterigmatocystin-induced cytotoxicity via oxidative stress induction in human neuroblastoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Gao B, Chi L, Tu P, Gao N, Lu K. The Carbamate Aldicarb Altered the Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Lipidome of C57BL/6J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:67-79. [PMID: 30406643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is highly involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from energy harvest to stress response, and can confer many benefits to the host. The gut microbiome development could be affected by genetic and environmental factors, including pesticides. The carbamate insecticide aldicarb has been extensively used in agriculture, which raises serious public health concerns. However, the impact of aldicarb on the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and lipidome has not been well studied yet. Herein, we use multiomics approaches, including16S rRNA sequencing, shotgun metagenomics sequencing, metabolomics, and lipidomics, to elucidate aldicarb-induced toxicity in the gut microbiome and the host metabolic homeostasis. We demonstrated that aldicarb perturbed the gut microbiome development trajectory, enhanced gut bacterial pathogenicity, altered complex lipid profile, and induced oxidative stress, protein degradation, and DNA damage. The brain metabolism was also disturbed by the aldicarb exposure. These findings may provide a novel understanding of the toxicity of carbamate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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6
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Gonçalves CR, Marins AT, do Amaral AMB, Leitemperger J, Severo ES, Moraes BS, Zanella R, Loro VL. Biochemical Responses in Freshwater Fish Exposed to Insecticide Propoxur. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:524-528. [PMID: 29464278 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although designed to control pests selectively, there is some evidence that environmental contamination by pesticides increases risks for humans and wildlife. In the present study, we evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress in Astyanax jacuhiensis exposed to (5, 15 and 30 µg L-1) of carbamate Propoxur (PPX) for 96 h. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in liver and gills showed reduced activity in all PPX concentrations tested. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities reduced in brain and muscle at concentrations 15 and 30 µg L-1 of PPX. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) had no significant differences. In the brain, protein carbonyl (PC) increased in all groups treated with PPX. Although PPX is a selective pesticide, it causes oxidative damage and enzyme alteration in fish. This study pointed out some biomarkers that could be used to assess effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides, and infer about studies using fish as bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carjone Rosa Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jossiele Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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7
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Yun X, Huang Q, Rao W, Xiao C, Zhang T, Mao Z, Wan Z. A comparative assessment of cytotoxicity of commonly used agricultural insecticides to human and insect cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:179-185. [PMID: 27940132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic potential of 13 commonly used agricultural insecticides was examined using cell-based systems with three human HepG2, Hek293, HeLa cells and three insect Tn5B1-4, Sf-21, and Drosophila S2 cells. Data showed that (1) an enhancement of some insecticides (e.g. pyrethroids) on cells proliferation; (2) an inhibition of some insecticides on cells viability; (3) various levels of susceptibility of different cells to the same insecticide; and (4) the cell type dependent sensitivity to different insecticides. The degree of cytotoxicity of insecticides on human cells was significantly lower than that on insect cells (P<0.05). Methomyl, even 20μg/ml, showed little cytotoxicity at 24h exposure whereas emamectin benzoate possessed the strongest cytotoxic potential in a dose-dependent fashion. The results revealed comparable cytotoxic property of agricultural insecticides against intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Yun
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Wenbing Rao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ciying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhifan Mao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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8
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Tian Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lü G, Zheng X, Xu D. Effect of Aldicarb Exposure on Cellular Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity in Kun-ming Mice. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.77098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Pandey MR, Guo H. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and embryotoxicity of insecticide propoxur using flounder gill (FG) cells and zebrafish embryos. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:340-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lai Y, Xiang M, Liu S, Li E, Che Y, Liu X. A novel high-throughput nematicidal assay using embryo cells and larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Parasitol 2014; 139:33-41. [PMID: 24594258 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human health safety and environmental concerns have resulted in the widespread deregistration of several agronomic important nematicides. New and safer nematicides are urgently needed. However, a high-throughput bioassay for screening potential nematicides has not been established. We developed a two-step high-throughput nematicidal screening method to combine a cell-based MTS colorimetric assay with Caenorhabditis elegans embryo cells for preliminary cytotoxicity screening (step 1) followed by in vitro larval assay for nematicidal activity (step 2). Based on three conventional nematicides' test, high correlations were obtained between cell viability and larval viability and "r" values were 0.78 for Avermectin, 0.95 for Fosthiazate, and 0.65 for Formaldehyde solution. Further assays with 60 fungal secondary metabolites (extracts, fractions and pure compounds) also demonstrated the high correlation between cell viability and larval viability (r=0.60) and between the C. elegans cell viability and the juvenile viability of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines (r=0.48) and pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (r=0.56). Six metabolites with high cytotoxicity have performed high larval mortality with a LC50 range of 6.8-500μg/ml. These results indicate that the proposed two-step screening assay represents an efficient and labor-saving method for screening natural nematicidal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meichun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shuchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Erwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Park 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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11
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El-Demerdash F, Dewer Y, ElMazoudy RH, Attia AA. Kidney antioxidant status, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes induced by methomyl in CD-1 mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:897-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Wu YJ. (1)H NMR-based metabonomic profiling of rat serum and urine to characterize the subacute effects of carbamate insecticide propoxur. Biomarkers 2012; 17:566-74. [PMID: 22780197 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.704527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate insecticide propoxur is widely used in agriculture and public health programs. To prevent adverse health effects arising from exposure to this insecticide, sensitive methods for detection of early stage organismal changes are necessary. We present here an integrative metabonomic approach to investigate toxic effects of pesticide in experimental animals. Results showed that propoxur even at low dose levels can induce oxidative stress, impair liver function, enhance ketogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and increase glycolysis, which contribute to the hepatotoxocity. These findings highlight the applicability of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistics in elucidating the toxic effects of propoxur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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13
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Gupta RC, Milatovic D. Toxicity of Organophosphates and Carbamates. MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY OF INSECTICIDES 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733007-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) compounds are commonly used as insecticides around the world. Some of them are extremely toxic to non-target species, including mammals. OP and CM insecticides are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and are commonly referred to as anticholinesterase agents. In addition to their cholinergic mechanisms, these insecticides exert toxicity through non-cholinergic mechanisms, thereby affecting several vital organs and body systems. The brain and skeletal muscles are the major target organs. Cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems are also affected. There are similarities and differences between and among the toxicity profiles of OPs and CMs. This is due in part to variability in the interaction of each OP or CM with target and non-target receptors, enzymes and proteins. Treatment of CM poisoning rests with atropine, while the treatment of OP poisoning includes atropine in combination with an oxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Gupta
- Murray State University, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Toxicology Department Hopkinsville, KY USA.
| | - Dejan Milatovic
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Pediatrics Nashville, TN USA
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Polláková J, Kovalkovičová N, Csank T, Pistl J, Kočišová A, Legáth J. Evaluation of bendiocarb cytotoxicity in mammalian and insect cell cultures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:538-543. [PMID: 22494377 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.665671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for rapid and easily interpreted in vitro assays to screen for possible cytotoxicity of pesticides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb on mammalian and insect cell cultures. The cytotoxicity of this insecticide was evaluated by cell proliferation and cellular damage was assessed by evaluation of the cytopathic effect and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cells of insect origin (Sf21) were the most sensitive to bendiocarb with significant (P < 0.01) suppression of their proliferative activity ranging from 10(-1)-10(-5) M. However, significant suppression of proliferative activity was also recorded in rat liver cells (WBF344; 10(-1)-10(-3) M; P < 0.01-0.05) and rabbit kidney cells (RK13; 10(-1) M; P < 0.01). In contrast with the proliferation activity of cells, a cytopathic effect based on cellular damage and LDH leakage into the medium was observed only at the highest concentration (10(-1) M) in RK 13 and WBF344 cells, but not in the Sf21 insect cell line. Our results indicate that bendiocarb exposure caused a cell-type dependent decrease in cell proliferation; however, cell damage and LDH leakage into the medium were not present or were strongly limited, dependent on the cell phenotype. Cell proliferation was shown as a sensitive indicator for evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of bendiocarb in vitro; on the other hand, microscopic signs of cellular damage and LDH leakage were insufficient in vitro markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Polláková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
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15
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Propoxur: a novel mechanism for insecticidal action and toxicity. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 218:141-150. [PMID: 22488607 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3137-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide that has recently attracted considerable attention as a possible treatment option for addressing the bedbug epidemic. The generally accepted mechanism of toxicity for propoxur involves the inhibition of ChE, as is the case for many agents in the category. Considerable research supports the concept that most physiologically active substances induce their effects through multi-faceted action. In this review, we provide evidence that ET--ROS--OS participate mechanistically in both the action and in human toxicity of pesticides, including propoxur. Propoxur is a catechol derivative that contains carbamate and isopropyl groups on the oxygens in its moiety. Metabolic studies with propoxur reveal hydrolysis of the carbamate and dealkylation of the isopropyl group to yield the parent catechol. In addition, nuclear hydroxylation produces a hydroquinone derivative. Both the catechol and this hydroquinone derivative are potentially able to undergo redox cycling with the corresponding quinone to produce ROS. It is primarily for these reasons that we believe propoxur may be similar to other classes of physiologically active compounds in producing effects through ET-ROS-OS. Generally, reactive ROS are generated by metabolic processes that yield ET entities, and this occurs with propoxur as well. Although ROS are commonly associated with toxicity, there is little recognition in the literature that they can also play a role in therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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16
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El-Demerdash F, Attia AA, Elmazoudy RH. Biochemical and histopathological changes induced by different time intervals of methomyl treatment in mice liver. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1948-1954. [PMID: 22755542 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.676513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects induced by different time intervals of methomyl exposure on liver antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress, liver function biomarkers and histopathology in CD-1 mice. Ten male mice per group were assigned to one of four treatment groups. Group one served as control while group 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with one mg methomyl/kg BW for 10, 20 and 30 days, respectively. Results obtained showed that methomyl significantly induced TBARS and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of reduced glutathione in mice liver. Aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly decreased in liver due to methomyl administration, while the activities of these enzymes were significantly increased in serum. In addition, liver lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased. On the contrary, methomyl treatment caused a significant decrease in liver acid phosphatase. The histology of mice liver treated with methomyl for 10, 20 and 30 days of duration showed dilation of central vein, sinusoids between hypertrophied hepatocytes and nuclear degeneration with mononuclear cell infiltration. In conclusion, exposure to methomyl induced toxicity and oxidative stress in mice liver via free radicals mechanism. Also, methomyl might have affected cell metabolism, cell membrane permeability and the detoxification system in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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