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Gaspari L, Haouzi D, Gennetier A, Granes G, Soler A, Sultan C, Paris F, Hamamah S. Transgenerational Transmission of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Effects in Human Granulosa Cells: The Role of MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1144. [PMID: 38256218 PMCID: PMC10816780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) might contribute to the increase in female-specific cancers in Western countries. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is considered the "prototypical toxicant" to study EDCs' effects on reproductive health. Epigenetic regulation by small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA), is crucial for controlling cancer development. The aim of this study was to analyze transcriptional activity and sncRNA expression changes in the KGN cell line after acute (3 h) and chronic (72 h) exposure to 10 nM TCDD in order to determine whether sncRNAs' deregulation may contribute to transmitting TCDD effects to the subsequent cell generations (day 9 and day 14 after chronic exposure). Using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 4.0 arrays, 109 sncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (fold change < -2 or >2; p-value < 0.05) between cells exposed or not (control) to TCDD for 3 h and 72 h and on day 9 and day 14 after chronic exposure. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted that following the acute and chronic exposure of KGN cells, sncRNAs linked to cellular development, growth and proliferation were downregulated, and those linked to cancer promotion were upregulated on day 9 and day 14. These results indicated that TCDD-induced sncRNA dysregulation may have transgenerational cancer-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaspari
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (C.S.)
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
| | - Delphine Haouzi
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et DPI (ART/PGD), Hôpital A. de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Gennetier
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
| | - Gaby Granes
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Soler
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
- Global ART Innovation Network (GAIN), 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Sultan
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Françoise Paris
- Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (L.G.); (C.S.)
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
| | - Samir Hamamah
- INSERM U 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France (A.S.)
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et DPI (ART/PGD), Hôpital A. de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Romualdo B, Cristina F, Stephen H, Marco I, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Riolo F, Christodoulidou A, Grasl‐Kraupp B. Risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07884. [PMID: 36999063 PMCID: PMC10043641 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of N-nitrosamines (N-NAs) in food. The risk assessment was confined to those 10 carcinogenic N-NAs occurring in food (TCNAs), i.e. NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NMA, NSAR, NMOR, NPIP and NPYR. N-NAs are genotoxic and induce liver tumours in rodents. The in vivo data available to derive potency factors are limited, and therefore, equal potency of TCNAs was assumed. The lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose at 10% (BMDL10) was 10 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day, derived from the incidence of rat liver tumours (benign and malignant) induced by NDEA and used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Analytical results on the occurrence of N-NAs were extracted from the EFSA occurrence database (n = 2,817) and the literature (n = 4,003). Occurrence data were available for five food categories across TCNAs. Dietary exposure was assessed for two scenarios, excluding (scenario 1) and including (scenario 2) cooked unprocessed meat and fish. TCNAs exposure ranged from 0 to 208.9 ng/kg bw per day across surveys, age groups and scenarios. 'Meat and meat products' is the main food category contributing to TCNA exposure. MOEs ranged from 3,337 to 48 at the P95 exposure excluding some infant surveys with P95 exposure equal to zero. Two major uncertainties were (i) the high number of left censored data and (ii) the lack of data on important food categories. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the MOE for TCNAs at the P95 exposure is highly likely (98-100% certain) to be less than 10,000 for all age groups, which raises a health concern.
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Sanz-Serrano J, Garayoa R, Vitas AI, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A. In vitro genotoxicity assessment of French fries from mass catering companies: a preliminary study. Mutagenesis 2022; 38:51-57. [PMID: 36242551 PMCID: PMC9897018 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally assumed that French fries are likely to have weak in vitro mutagenic activity, but most studies thereof have only assessed gene mutations. In this article, the genotoxicity of 10 extracts of French fries was assessed using the in vitro micronucleus test (following the principles of the OECD 487 guidelines). Each sample was obtained from a different mass catering company in Navarra (Spain). This assay, together with the Ames test, is recommended in the basic in vitro phase included in the European Food Safety Authority Opinion on Genotoxicity Testing Strategies Applicable to Food and Feed Safety Assessment. Eight of 10 samples from mass catering companies induced chromosomal aberrations in the in vitro micronucleus test. Moreover, French fries deep-fried in the laboratory for different periods of time (0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 min) were assessed using the in vitro micronucleus test. Genotoxicity was observed in all time periods from 3 min on. The biological relevance of these results must be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. E-mail:
| | - Roncesvalles Garayoa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Vitas
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Kment M, Ernst B, Setayesh T, Ferk F, Holzmann K, Krupitza G, Knasmueller S. Micronucleus assays with the human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach to reduce the use of laboratory animals in genetic toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112355. [PMID: 34147571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate representation of enzymes which catalyze the activation/detoxification of xenobiotics in cells that are currently used in genotoxicity testing of chemicals leads to a high number of false positive results and the number of follow up studies with rodents could be reduced by use of more reliable in vitro models. We found earlier that several xenobiotic drug metabolizing enzymes are represented in the human derived liver cell line Huh6 and developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) experiments which is in agreement with the current OECD guideline. This protocol was used to test 23 genotoxic and non-genotoxic reference chemicals; based on these results and of earlier findings (with 9 chemicals) we calculated the predictive value of the assay for the detection of genotoxic carcinogens. We found a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94% for a total number of 32 chemicals; comparisons with results obtained with other in vitro assays show that the validity of MN tests with Huh6 is higher as that of other experimental models. These results are promising and indicate that the use of Huh6 cells in genetic toxicology may contribute to the reduction of the use of laboratory rodents; further experimental work to confirm this assumption is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Ernst
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Sioen S, Cloet K, Vral A, Baeyens A. The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay on Human Isolated Fresh and Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030125. [PMID: 32937746 PMCID: PMC7564880 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standardized method used for genotoxicity studies. Conventional whole blood cultures (WBC) are often used for this assay, although the assay can also be performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. However, the standardization of a protocol for the PBMC CBMN assay has not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to optimize a reliable CBMN assay protocol for fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS), and to compare micronuclei (MNi) results between WBC and PBMC cultures. The G0 CBMN assay was performed on whole blood, freshly isolated, and cryopreserved PBMCS from healthy human blood samples and five radiosensitive patient samples. Cells were exposed to 220 kV X-ray in vitro doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 Gy. The optimized PBMC CBMN assay showed adequate repeatability and small inter-individual variability. MNi values were significantly higher for WBC than for fresh PBMCS. Additionally, cryopreservation of PBMCS resulted in a significant increase of MNi values, while different cryopreservation times had no significant impact. In conclusion, our standardized CBMN assay on fresh and cryopreserved PBMCS can be used for genotoxicity studies, biological dosimetry, and radiosensitivity assessment.
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Panico A, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Idolo A, Serio F, Tumolo MR, De Giorgi M, Guido M, Tutino M, De Donno A. Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041208. [PMID: 32069990 PMCID: PMC7068596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are biomarkers of early biological effect often used for detecting DNA damage in human population exposed to genotoxic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells of children living in an industrialized (impacted) area compared with that found in children living in a control area without significant anthropogenic impacts. A total of 462 6–8-year-old children (206 in the impacted area, 256 in the control area) attending primary school were enrolled. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the recruited children to obtain information about personal data, lifestyles, and food habits of their children. Atmospheric particulate fractions were collected near the involved schools to assess the level of environmental exposure of the children. The presence of MN was highlighted in 68.4% of children living in the impacted area with a mean MN frequency of 0.66‰ ± 0.61‰. MN positivity and frequency were significantly lower in the control area (37.1% and 0.27‰ ± 0.43‰, respectively). The frequency of MN was positively associated with quasi-ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.5), traffic near the home, and consuming barbecued food; while adherence to the Mediterranean diet and practicing sport were negatively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-832-298-951
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council (IRPPS-CNR), 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR-IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mattia De Giorgi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Maria Tutino
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA Puglia), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
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Grassi T, Bagordo F, Panico A, De Giorgi M, Idolo A, Serio F, Tumolo MR, De Donno A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet of children living in small Southern Italian villages. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:490-499. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1679725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mattia De Giorgi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council (IRPPS-CNR), Brindisi, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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Fuccelli R, Rosignoli P, Servili M, Veneziani G, Taticchi A, Fabiani R. Genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) on freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and prevention by phenolic extracts derived from olive, olive oil and olive leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:234-241. [PMID: 30321573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the genotoxic potential of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, (PhIP); 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, (IQ); 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) on human freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the comet assay. The preventive ability of three different phenolic extracts derived from olive (O-PE), virgin olive oil (OO-PE) and olive leaf (OL-PE) on PhIP induced DNA damage was also investigated. PhIP and IQ induced a significant DNA damage at the lowest concentration tested (100 μM), while the genotoxic effect of MeIQx and DiMeIQx become apparent only in the presence of DNA repair inhibitors Cytosine b-D-arabinofuranoside and Hydroxyurea (AraC/HU). The inclusion of metabolic activation (S9-mix) in the culture medium increased the genotoxicity of all HCAs tested. All three phenolic extracts showed an evident DNA damage preventive activity in a very low concentration range (0.1-1.0 μM of phenols) which could be easily reached in human tissues "in vivo" under a regular intake of virgin olive oil. These data further support the observation that consumption of olive and virgin olive oil may prevent the initiation step of carcinogenesis. The leaf waste could be an economic and simple source of phenolic compounds to be used as food additives or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Fuccelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Veneziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Idolo A, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Panico A, De Giorgi M, Serio F, Guido M, Piscitelli P, De Filippis G, Raho A, De Donno A. Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in a Cluster Area of Salento (Southern Italy) with a High Incidence of Lung Cancer: The IMP.AIR Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081659. [PMID: 30081588 PMCID: PMC6121539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the years 2014–2016 the University of Salento performed the “Impact of Air Quality on Health of Residents in the Municipalities of Cutrofiano, Galatina, Sogliano Cavour, Soleto and Sternatia” (IMP.AIR) study, an epidemiological-molecular research project aiming to evaluate early DNA damage in children living in an area of Salento with high incidence of lung cancer among the male population. One hundred and twenty-two children aged 6–8 years attending primary school were enrolled and the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in oral mucosa was evaluated. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to parents to obtain information about personal data, anthropometric characteristics and lifestyles (physical activity, food habits, family context) of the children and perform a multivariate analysis to detect any factors associated with MNC occurrence. Data on airborne pollutants detected in the study area were acquired by the Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection. The presence of MNC was highlighted in about 42% of children with a mean MNC frequency of 0.49‰. The frequency of MNC was associated to obesity, consumption of red or processed meat and having a mother who smokes. Moreover, the prevalence of biomarkers was higher than in another area of Salento not included in the cluster area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mattia De Giorgi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and other Tnsmitted Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Local Health Authority ASL LE, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
| | | | | | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Luukkonen J, Höytö A, Viluksela M, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. TCDD-induced mitochondrial superoxide production does not lead to mitochondrial degeneration or genomic instability in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:213-218. [PMID: 28673561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several genotoxic and non-genotoxic agents have been reported to cause delayed genetic damage in the progeny of the exposed cells. Such induced genomic instability (IGI) may be a driving force in carcinogenesis, and it is thus highly important to understand the cellular events accompanying it. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects mitochondrial integrity and can consequently induce genomic instability. Mitochondrial integrity was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial activity. Micronucleus formation was used to assess immediate genetic damage and IGI. The assays were performed either immediately, 8 or 15d after the exposure. Mitochondrial superoxide production was increased by TCDD immediately after the exposure. No consistent effects on mitochondrial integrity were observed at later time points, although slightly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential at 8d and increased mitochondrial superoxide potential production at 15 after exposure were observed in the TCDD-exposed cells. TCDD did not cause immediate genetic damage, and significant IGI was not observed. In conclusion, the present results suggest that immediate TCDD-induced increase in mitochondrial superoxide level does not lead to persistent loss of mitochondrial integrity or IGI in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Luukkonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne Höytö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Bagordo F, De Donno A, Grassi T, Guido M, Devoti G, Ceretti E, Zani C, Feretti D, Villarini M, Moretti M, Salvatori T, Carducci A, Verani M, Casini B, Bonetta S, Carraro E, Schilirò T, Bonizzoni S, Bonetti A, Gelatti U. Lifestyles and socio-cultural factors among children aged 6-8 years from five Italian towns: the MAPEC_LIFE study cohort. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:233. [PMID: 28264671 PMCID: PMC5339991 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyles profoundly determine the quality of an individual's health and life since his childhood. Many diseases in adulthood are avoidable if health-risk behaviors are identified and improved at an early stage of life. The aim of the present research was to characterize a cohort of children aged 6-8 years selected in order to perform an epidemiological molecular study (the MAPEC_LIFE study), investigate lifestyles of the children that could have effect on their health status, and assess possible association between lifestyles and socio-cultural factors. METHODS A questionnaire composed of 148 questions was administered in two different seasons to parents of children attending 18 primary schools in five Italian cities (Torino, Brescia, Pisa, Perugia and Lecce) to obtain information regarding the criteria for exclusion from the study, demographic, anthropometric and health information on the children, as well as some aspects on their lifestyles and parental characteristics. The results were analyzed in order to assess the frequency of specific conditions among the different seasons and cities and the association between lifestyles and socio-economic factors. RESULTS The final cohort was composed of 1,164 children (50.9 boys, 95.4% born in Italy). Frequency of some factors appeared different in terms of the survey season (physical activity in the open air, the ways of cooking certain foods) and among the various cities (parents' level of education and rate of employment, sport, traffic near the home, type of heating, exposure to passive smoking, ways of cooking certain foods). Exposure to passive smoking and cooking fumes, obesity, residence in areas with heavy traffic, frequency of outdoor play and consumption of barbecued and fried foods were higher among children living in families with low educational and/or occupational level while children doing sports and consuming toasted bread were more frequent in families with high socio-economic level. CONCLUSIONS The socio-economic level seems to affect the lifestyles of children enrolled in the study including those that could cause health effects. Many factors are linked to the geographical area and may depend on environmental, cultural and social aspects of the city of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Devoti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tania Salvatori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Verani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bonetti
- Centro Servizi Multisettoriale e Tecnologico - CSMT Gestione S.c.a.r.l., Brescia, Italy
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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14
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Huumonen K, Korkalainen M, Viluksela M, Lahtinen T, Naarala J, Juutilainen J. Role of microRNAs and DNA Methyltransferases in Transmitting Induced Genomic Instability between Cell Generations. Front Public Health 2014; 2:139. [PMID: 25309892 PMCID: PMC4163984 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of how radiation or chemicals induce genomic instability, and how the instability is epigenetically transmitted to the progeny of exposed cells or organisms. Here, we measured the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in murine embryonal fibroblasts exposed to ionizing radiation or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which were previously shown to induce genomic instability in this cell line. Cadmium was used as a reference agent that does not induce genomic instability in our experimental model. Measurements at 8 and 15 days after exposure did not identify any such persistent changes that could be considered as signals transmitting genomic instability to the progeny of exposed cells. However, measurements at 2 days after exposure revealed findings that may reflect initial stages of genomic instability. Changes that were common to TCDD and two doses of radiation (but not to cadmium) included five candidate signature miRNAs and general up-regulation of miRNA expression. Expression of DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and DNMT2 was suppressed by cadmium but not by TCDD or radiation, consistently with the hypothesis that sufficient expression of DNMTs is necessary in the initial phase of induced genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriina Huumonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland ; Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Tapani Lahtinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
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15
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1074-85. [PMID: 25187318 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. DNA damage was analyzed by liver micronucleus assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in HEPs. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not DHA. On the basis of increasing treatment concentrations, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated HEPs and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. TCDD also led to significant increases in TOS content. On the contrary, in cultures treated with DHA, the level of TAC was significantly increased during treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion. DHA showed therapeutic potential against TCDD-mediated cell viability and DNA damages. As conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that DHA has protective effects against TCDD toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Celikler S, Tas S, Ziyanok-Ayvalik S, Vatan O, Yildiz G, Ozel M. Protective and antigenotoxic effect of Ulva rigida C. Agardh in experimental hypothyroid. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2014; 65:13-26. [PMID: 24561891 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.65.2014.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of chromosomal damage in bone marrow cells affected by several diseases such as thyroid, cancer etc., was detected by the micronucleus (MN) assay. The present study was designed to evaluate: i) volatile components of Ulva rigida, ii) effects of hypothyroidism on bone marrow MN frequency, iii) effects of oral administration of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract (URE) on MN frequency produced by hypothyroidism, and iv) thyroid hormone levels in normal and 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. The volatile components of Ulva rigida was studied using a direct thermal desorption (DTD) technique with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). URE administration was of no significant impact on thyroid hormone levels in control group, while PTU administration decreased thyroid hormone levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, URE supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in MN frequency in each thyroid group (p < 0.0001). This is the first in vivo study that shows the strong antigenotoxic and protective effect of URE against the genotoxicity produced by hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Celikler
- Uludag University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Sibel Tas
- Uludag University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Sedef Ziyanok-Ayvalik
- Uludag University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - O Vatan
- Uludag University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Gamze Yildiz
- Uludag University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - M Ozel
- The University of York Department of Chemistry Heslington York UK YO10 5DD
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17
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI, Celik K, Bakir TO. Ameliorative effect of supplementation with L-glutamine on oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell viability and hepatotoxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat hepatocyte cultures. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:687-99. [PMID: 22453904 PMCID: PMC3488374 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The most potent of the dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. And the health impact of exposure to TCDD is of great concern to the general public. Recent data indicate that L-glutamine (Gln) has antioxidant properties and may influence hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness of Gln in alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Gln (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (0.005 and 0.01 mM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and Gln for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total glutathione (TGSH) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (MN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not L-glutamine. TCDD also increased TOS level in rat hepatocytes and significantly decreased TAC and TGSH levels. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin in a dose-dependent manner caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures exposured with Gln alone, TOS levels were not changed and TAC and TGSH together were significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of Gln with TCDD modulated the hepatotoxic effects of TCDD on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, Gln has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages. As conclusion, we reported here an increased potential therapeutic significance of L-glutamine in TCDD-mediated hepatic injury for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Kubra Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tulay O. Bakir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI, Togar B, Gürbüz H, Celik K, Akbaba GB, Polat Z. Hepatoprotective potential of astaxanthin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:101-12. [PMID: 22778115 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712452607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 µM) for 48 h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Korkalainen M, Huumonen K, Naarala J, Viluksela M, Juutilainen J. Dioxin induces genomic instability in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37895. [PMID: 22666406 PMCID: PMC3362596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and certain other exposures have been shown to induce genomic instability (GI), i.e., delayed genetic damage observed many cell generations later in the progeny of the exposed cells. The aim of this study was to investigate induction of GI by a nongenotoxic carcinogen, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (C3H10T1/2) were exposed to 1, 10 or 100 nM TCDD for 2 days. Micronuclei (MN) and expression of selected cancer-related genes were assayed both immediately and at a delayed point in time (8 days). For comparison, similar experiments were done with cadmium, a known genotoxic agent. TCDD treatment induced an elevated frequency of MN at 8 days, but not directly after the exposure. TCDD-induced alterations in gene expression were also mostly delayed, with more changes observed at 8 days than at 2 days. Exposure to cadmium produced an opposite pattern of responses, with pronounced effects immediately after exposure but no increase in MN and few gene expression changes at 8 days. Although all responses to TCDD alone were delayed, menadione-induced DNA damage (measured by the Comet assay), was found to be increased directly after a 2-day TCDD exposure, indicating that the stability of the genome was compromised already at this time point. The results suggested a flat dose-response relationship consistent with dose-response data reported for radiation-induced GI. These findings indicate that TCDD, although not directly genotoxic, induces GI, which is associated with impaired DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Korkalainen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katriina Huumonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Baumgartner A, Kurzawa-Zegota M, Laubenthal J, Cemeli E, Anderson D. Comet-assay parameters as rapid biomarkers of exposure to dietary/environmental compounds—An in vitro feasibility study on spermatozoa and lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 743:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Biotransformation enzyme-dependent formation of micronucleus and multinuclei in cell line V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 by 2-nitropropane and N-nitrosodimethylamine. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 726:84-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Mokhtar YI, Togar B. Eicosapentaenoic acid protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hepatic toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:15-25. [PMID: 21938470 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The health impact of TCDD exposure is of great concern to the general public. Recent reports have implied that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might be a potential chemopreventive agent and influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of EPA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. EPA (5, 10 and 20 μM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). Rat hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and EPA for 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD but not EPA decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and significantly decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes in a clear dose dependent manner. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures treated with EPA alone, TOS level did not change and the level of TAC significantly increased. The presence of EPA with TCDD minimized the toxic effects of the dioxin on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, EPA has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Türkez H, Yousef MI, Geyikoglu F. Propolis protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:2142-8. [PMID: 21963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Propolis (25, 50 and 100 μM) was added to plain culture or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and propolis for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the TCDD caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. In cultures treated with propolis alone, cell viability and TOS level were not affected, while the level of TAC was significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of propolis with TCDD modulated its toxic effects on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, propolis has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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