1
|
Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010185. [PMID: 35011060 PMCID: PMC8746721 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women's health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng R, Chen L, Chen K. Cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate on Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2056-2070. [PMID: 34546441 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium, a substance found in large amounts in nature, has been widely used for various purposes, especially food additives. The effects of long-term and excessive exposure to aluminium on human health are receiving increasing attention. The extensive human use of aluminium food additives can also cause aluminium to enter the ecosystem, where it has significant impacts on insects. This study explored the cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate toward Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. We found that high concentrations of aluminium resulted in cell enlargement and cell membrane breakage, decreased cell vitality, and apoptosis. Through RNA-Seq transcriptomics, we found that aluminium ions may inhibit the expression of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, tdIns-dependent protein kinase-1, and small heat shock proteins (heat shock 70 kDa protein and crystallin alpha B), leading to changes in mTOR-related pathways (such as the longevity regulation pathway and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), and promoting cell apoptosis. On the other hand, aluminium ions lead to the overexpression of GSH S-transferase, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase and pyrimidodiazepine synthase, and induce intracellular oxidative damage, which ultimately affects cell growth and apoptosis through a series of cascade reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Nordheim E, Arnold I, Armstrong V, Momoli F, Shilnikova NS, Yenugadhati N, Krewski D. The REACH registration process: A case study of metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide and aluminium hydroxide. Neurotoxicology 2020; 83:166-178. [PMID: 33290785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The European Union's REACH Regulation requires determination of potential health and environmental effects of chemicals in commerce. The present case study examines the application of REACH guidance for health hazard assessments of three high production volume (HPV) aluminium (Al) substances: metallic aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. Among the potential adverse health consequences of aluminium exposure, neurotoxicity is one of the most sensitive targets of Al toxicity and the most critical endpoint. This case study illustrates integration of data from multiple lines of evidence into REACH weight of evidence evaluations. This case study then explains how those results support regulatory decisions on classification and labelling. Challenges in the REACH appraisal of Al compounds include speciation, solubility and bioavailability, application of assessment factors, read-across rationale and differences with existing regulatory standards. Lessons learned from the present case study relate to identification and evaluation of toxicologic and epidemiologic data; assessing data relevance and reliability; development of derived no-effect levels (DNELs); addressing data gaps and preparation of chemical safety reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya A Karyakina
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Ian Arnold
- International Aluminium Institute, London, United Kingdom; Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Franco Momoli
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natalia S Shilnikova
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yokel RA. Aluminum reproductive toxicity: a summary and interpretation of scientific reports. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:551-593. [PMID: 32869713 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Publications addressing aluminum (Al)-induced reproductive toxicity were reviewed. Key details were compiled in summary tables. Approximate systemic Al exposure, a measure of bioavailability, was calculated for each exposure, based on the Al percentage in the dosed Al species, Al bioavailability, and absorption time course reports for the exposure route. This was limited to laboratory animal studies because no controlled-exposure human studies were found. Intended Al exposure was compared to unintended dietary Al exposure. The considerable and variable Al content of laboratory animal diets creates uncertainty about reproductive function in the absence of Al. Aluminum-induced reproductive toxicity in female mice and rats was evident after exposure to ≥25-fold the amount of Al consumed in the diet. Generally, the additional daily Al systemic exposure of studies that reported statistically significant results was greater than 100-fold above the typical human daily Al dietary consumption equivalent. Male reproductive endpoints were significantly affected after exposure to lower levels of Al than females. Increased Al intake increased fetus, placenta, and testes Al concentrations, to a greater extent in the placenta than fetus, and, in some cases, more in the testes than placenta. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was constructed for males based on the results of the reviewed studies. The proposed AOP includes oxidative stress as the molecular initiating event and increased malondialdehyde, DNA and spermatozoal damage, and decreased blood testosterone and sperm count as subsequent key events. Recommendations for the design of future studies of reproductive outcomes following exposure to Al are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ulfanov O, Cil N, Adiguzel E. Protective effects of vitamin E on aluminium sulphate-induced testicular damage. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:215-227. [PMID: 32330100 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720919663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility can be caused by environmental factors, genetic defects, physiological and endocrine deficiencies and testicular pathologies. Aluminium (Al) can cause male infertility through a number of mechanisms. The aim of our study was thus to determine whether vitamin E (VitE) has protective effects on Al-induced testicular damage, which was determined according to sperm counts and morphology and using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Thirty-four male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly assigned to control (no procedures performed; n = 6) or 0.2 mL intraperitoneal injection group (n = 7 each; three times per week for 4 weeks): sham (distilled water), 10 mg/kg Al, 500 mg/kg VitE and 10 mg/kg Al plus 500 mg/kg VitE (Al + VitE). Sperm samples were evaluated for andrological parameters. The testes were examined by haematoxylin/eosin. The epithelial thickness and areas were calculated and Johnsen scores were determined for the germinal epithelium; the apoptotic indices were determined from TUNEL staining. For Al, the bonds between the germinal epithelial cells were broken in some tubules, and there were unidentified cells in the lumen of some tubules. For control, sham and VitE, normal morphology of the germinal epithelium was generally preserved. With Al + VitE, the full germinal epithelium cell series was maintained, with only mature sperm in the lumen. TUNEL-positive cells were significantly higher with Al compared to control and sham (p < 0.05). For Al + VitE, the number of apoptotic cells was reduced compared to Al alone and was therefore similar to control, sham and VitE (p > 0.05). Our findings show that Al caused testicular damage. VitE reduced the number of apoptotic cells during the damage caused by Al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Ulfanov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nazli Cil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Esat Adiguzel
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hesamian MS, Eskandari N. Potential Role of Trace Elements (Al, Cu, Zn, and Se) in Multiple Sclerosis Physiopathology. Neuroimmunomodulation 2020; 27:163-177. [PMID: 33691322 DOI: 10.1159/000511308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system. The cause of MS is not known completely, and pathology is specified by involved demyelinated areas in the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Inflammation and peripheral tolerance breakdown due to Treg cell defects and/or effector cell resistance are present at all stages of the disease. Several invading peripheral immune cells are included in the process of the disease such as macrophages, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and plasma cells. Trace elements are known as elements found in soil, plants, and living organisms in small quantities. Some of them (e.g., Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se) are essential for the body's functions like catalysts in enzyme systems, energy metabolism, etc. Al toxicity and Cu, Zn, and Se toxicity and deficiency can affect the immune system and following neuron inflammation and degeneration. These processes may result in MS pathology. Of course, factors such as lifestyle, environment, and industrialization can affect levels of trace elements in the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Hesamian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shim S, Won S, Reza A, Kim S, Ahn S, Jung B, Yoon B, Ra C. In Vivo Toxicity and In Vitro Solubility Assessment of Pre-Treated Struvite as A Potential Alternative Phosphorus Source in Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100785. [PMID: 31614549 PMCID: PMC6826386 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from using as fertilizer for plants, the application of struvite may be expanded to animal feed industries through proper pre-treatment. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using pre-treated struvite (microwave irradiated struvite (MS) and incinerated struvite (IS)) in animal feeds. For safety assessment, an in vivo toxicity experiment using thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (average body weight (BW) of 200 ± 10 g) was conducted. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, including a control. Based on the BW, MS and IS were applied daily by oral administration with 1 and 10 mg kg-1-BW (MS1 and MS10; IS1 and IS10) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle. A series of jar tests were conducted for four hours to check the solubility of the MS and IS at different pH (pH 2, 4, and 5) and compared to a commercial P source (monocalcium phosphate, MCP, control). The toxicity experiment results showed no significant differences among the treatments in BW and organ (liver, kidney, heart, and lung) weight of rats (p > 0.05). There were no adverse effects on blood parameters and the histopathological examination showed no inflammation in the organ tissues in MS and IS treated groups compared to the control. In an in vitro solubility test, no significant difference was observed in ortho-phosphate (O-P) solubility from the MCP and MS at pH 2 and 4 (p > 0.05), while O-P solubility from MS at pH 5 to 7 was higher than MCP and found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). O-P solubility from IS was the lowest among the treatments and significantly different from MCP and MS in all the experiments (p < 0.05). The results of this study not only suggest that the struvite pre-treated as MS could be a potential alternative source of P in animal feed but also motivate further studies with more stringent designs to better examine the potential of struvite application in diverse fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Shim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Life and Environmental Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Arif Reza
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Sungil Ahn
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Baedong Jung
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Byungil Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Changsix Ra
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Metal salts with low oral bioavailability and considerable exposures from ubiquitous background: Inorganic aluminum salts as an example for issues in toxicity testing and data interpretation. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wright M, Di Domenico A, van Loveren H, Giarola A, Horvath Z, Lodi F, Tard A, Woutersen RA. Re-evaluation of aluminium sulphates (E 520-523) and sodium aluminium phosphate (E 541) as food additives. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05372. [PMID: 32625999 PMCID: PMC7009639 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are permitted as food additives in only a few specific products and the exposure is probably near zero. Aluminium compounds have low bioavailability and low acute toxicity. There is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for aluminium compounds in subchronic studies was 52 mg Al/kg body weight (bw) per day in rats and 90 mg Al/kg bw per day in dogs and the lowest NOAEL for neurotoxicity in rats was 30 mg Al/kg bw per day and for developing nervous system was 10–42 mg Al/kg bw per day in studies in mice and rats. The Panel concluded that aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are of no safety concern in the current authorised uses and use levels.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shoji H, Irino Y, Yoshida M, Miyakawa T. Behavioral effects of long-term oral administration of aluminum ammonium sulfate in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 38:18-36. [PMID: 30106265 PMCID: PMC7292291 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminum (Al) is considered to be a neurotoxic metal, and excessive exposure to Al has been reported to be a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Al ammonium sulfate is one of the Al compounds that is widely used as a food additive. However, the effects of the oral administration of Al ammonium sulfate on physical development and behavior remain to be examined. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of the administration of Al ammonium sulfate 12‐water dissolved in drinking water (0.075 mg/mL) beginning in adolescence on various types of behavior in adult female C57BL/6J mice through a battery of behavioral tests (low‐dose experiment; Experiment 1). We further examined the behavioral effects of the oral administration of a higher dose of the Al compound in drinking water (1 mg/mL) beginning in the prenatal period on behavior in adult male and female mice (high‐dose experiment; Experiment 2). Results In the low‐dose experiment, in which females’ oral intake of Al was estimated to be 0.97 mg Al/kg/d as adults, Al‐treated females exhibited an increase in total arm entries in the elevated plus maze test, an initial decrease and subsequent increase in immobility in the forced swim test, and reduced freezing in the fear conditioning test approximately 1 month after the conditioning session compared with vehicle‐treated females (uncorrected P < .05). However, the behavioral differences did not reach a statistically significant level after correction for multiple testing. In the high‐dose experiment, in which animals’ oral intakes were estimated to be about ten times higher than those in the low‐dose experiment, behavioral differences found in the low‐dose experiment were not observed in high‐dose Al‐treated mice, suggesting that the results of the low‐dose experiment might be false positives. Additionally, although high‐dose Al‐treated females exhibited increased social contacts with unfamiliar conspecifics and impaired reference memory performance, and high‐dose Al‐treated mice exhibited decreases in prepulse inhibition and in correct responses in the working memory task (uncorrected P < .05), the differences in any of the behavioral measures did not reach the significance level after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion Our results show that long‐term oral exposure to Al ammonium sulfate at the doses used in this study may have the potential to induce some behavioral changes in C57BL/6J mice. However, the behavioral effects of Al were small and statistically weak, as indicated by the fact that the results failed to reach the study‐wide significance level. Thus, further study will be needed to replicate the results and reevaluate the behavioral outcomes of oral intake of Al ammonium sulfate. Aluminum (Al) ammonium sulfate was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice (estimated dose of 0.97‐9.78 Al mg/kg/d). Behavioral effects of Al were assessed in a battery of behavioral tests in mice in adulthood. Statistically significant behavioral differences were not found between Al‐ and vehicle‐treated mice.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Said MM, Rabo MMA. Neuroprotective effects of eugenol against aluminiuminduced toxicity in the rat brain. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:27-37. [PMID: 28365674 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is a neurotoxic metal that contributes to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of dietary eugenol supplementation against aluminium (Al)- induced cerebral damage in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal controls, rats fed a diet containing 6,000 μg g-1 eugenol, rats intoxicated daily with aluminium chloride (84 mg kg-1 body weight) p. o. and fed either a basal diet or a eugenol-containing diet. Daily oral administration of Al for four consecutive weeks to rats significantly reduced brain total antioxidant status (TAS) (11.42±0.31 μmol g-1 tissue, p<0.001) with a subsequent significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation (MDA) (32.55±1.68 nmol g-1 tissue, p<0.002). In addition, Al enhanced brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) (46.22±4.90 U mg-1 protein, p<0.001), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (118.72±11.32 pg mg-1 protein, p<0.001), and caspase 3 (Casp-3) (8.77±1.26 ng mg-1 protein, p<0.001) levels, and in contrast significantly suppressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (82.74±14.53 pg mg-1 protein, p<0.002) and serotonin (5-HT) (1.54±0.12 ng mg-1 tissue, p<0.01) levels. Furthermore, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was noticed in the striatum of Al-intoxicated rats, compared with untreated controls. On the other hand, co-administration of dietary eugenol with Al intoxication restored brain BDNF (108.76±2.64 pg mg-1 protein) and 5-HT (2.13±0.27 ng mg-1 tissue) to normal levels, enhanced brain TAS (13.43±0.24 μmol g-1 tissue, p<0.05), with a concomitant significant reduction in TNF-α (69.98±4.74 pg mg-1 protein) and Casp-3 (3.80±0.37 ng mg-1 protein) levels (p<0.001), as well as AChE activity (24.50±3.25 U mg-1 protein, p<0.001), and increased striatal GFAP immunoreactivity, compared with Al-treated rats. Histological findings of brain tissues verified biochemical data. In conclusion, eugenol holds potential as a neuroprotective agent through its hydrophobic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, as well as its neurotrophic ability against Al-induced brain toxicity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo
| | - Marwa M Abd Rabo
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Johansson HKL, Hansen JS, Elfving B, Lund SP, Kyjovska ZO, Loft S, Barfod KK, Jackson P, Vogel U, Hougaard KS. Airway exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes disrupts the female reproductive cycle without affecting pregnancy outcomes in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28558787 PMCID: PMC5450058 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is increasing due to a growing use in a variety of products across several industries. Thus, occupational exposure is also of increasing concern, particularly since airway exposure to MWCNTs can induce sustained pulmonary acute phase response and inflammation in experimental animals, which may affect female reproduction. This proof-of-principle study therefore aimed to investigate if lung exposure by intratracheal instillation of the MWCNT NM-400 would affect the estrous cycle and reproductive function in female mice. RESULTS Estrous cycle regularity was investigated by comparing vaginal smears before and after exposure to 67 μg of NM-400, whereas reproductive function was analyzed by measuring time to delivery of litters after instillation of 2, 18 or 67 μg of NM-400. Compared to normal estrous cycling determined prior to exposure, exposure to MWCNT significantly prolonged the estrous cycle during which exposure took place, but significantly shortened the estrous cycle immediately after the exposed cycle. No consistent effects were seen on time to delivery of litter or other gestational or litter parameters, such as litter size, sex ratio, implantations and implantation loss. CONCLUSION Lung exposure to MWCNT interfered with estrous cycling. Effects caused by MWCNTs depended on the time of exposure: the estrous stage was particularly sensitive to exposure, as animals exposed during this stage showed a higher incidence of irregular cycling after exposure. Our data indicates that MWCNT exposure may interfere with events leading to ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. L. Johansson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Present Address: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, DK-2860 Denmark
| | - J. S. Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - B. Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, DK-8240 Denmark
| | - S. P. Lund
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Z. O. Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - S. Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, DK-1014 Denmark
| | - K. K. Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - P. Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - U. Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU-Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800 Denmark
| | - K. S. Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, DK-1014 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yassa HA, George SM, Mohamed HK. Folic acid improve developmental toxicity induced by aluminum sulphates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:32-36. [PMID: 28119228 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aluminum sulphate has a significant toxic effects for humans. Aluminum is one of the most abundant metal on the Earth crust. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of short term exposure to aluminum sulphate on the bone development of the fetuses in rats, and if folic acid has a protective role upon that effects or not. Forty female rats were used, ten per group, GI served as negative control (receive nothing except normal feeding and water), GII served as positive control (receive water by gastric gavage), GIII treated with aluminum sulphate orally by gastric gavage and GIV treated with aluminum sulphate with folic acid. Mating occurred and known by presence of vaginal plug in the female rats. Rats were killed on day 18 of gestation. RESULTS The female rats weight were significantly reduced in the treated group if compared with the control group (p>0.001), all parameters of the fetuses, fetal weight, malformation and the crown rump length reduced significantly p value were <0.000, <0.001, and <0.000 respectively. In histopathological results the aluminum treated group showed severe limited area of preossfication in fetuses vertebrae. Folic acid gave a protective role for all the hazardous effects of aluminum sulphate and prove the diameters measured and also the histopathological effects. CONCLUSION Aluminum sulphate can produce hazardous effects on bone of the fetuses, which may affect the life style of these fetuses later on. Folic acid might give a protective role and so should be given to females who tried to conceive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Yassa
- Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Department, Egypt.
| | - Safaa M George
- Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Department, Egypt
| | - Heba K Mohamed
- Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Z, Lin Y, Tian X, Li J, Chen X, Yang J, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Liang J, Li S, Zhu J. Association between maternal aluminum exposure and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:95-103. [PMID: 26707789 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum (Al) is the third most common element in the earth' s crust and has been reported to be teratogenic. However, there is lack of understanding about the association between maternal aluminum exposure and the risks of birth defects such as congenital heart defects (CHDs). METHODS A multi-center, hospital-based case-control study was performed at four maternal and child tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 223 cases with CHDs and 223 controls without any abnormalities were recruited according to the inclusion and matching criteria. Hair samples were prepared and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The correlation between CHDs and maternal aluminum concentrations was estimated by a 1:1 conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The geometric mean and median of hair aluminum levels in isolated or multiple CHD cases was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between increased hair aluminum concentrations and the risk of total CHDs in offspring (adjusted odds ration [aOR], 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-3.13), especially in some subtypes of CHDs, such as septal defects (aOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.15-4.10), conotruncal defects (aOR, 5.42; 95%CI, 2.43-12.10), and right ventricular outflow track obstruction (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.08-5.44). However, there was no statistically significant association with left ventricular outflow track obstruction (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.95-2.88). CONCLUSION A high maternal aluminum concentration may significantly increase the risk of delivering a child with a CHD, such as a septal defect, conotruncal heart defect and right-side obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Liang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Klein J, Mold M, Mery L, Cottier M, Exley C. Aluminum content of human semen: Implications for semen quality. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IMF, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 4:1-80. [PMID: 25233067 PMCID: PMC4997813 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007) . Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of "total Al"assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al(+3) to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)(+2) and Al(H2O)6 (+3)] that after complexation with O2(•-), generate Al superoxides [Al(O2(•))](H2O5)](+2). Semireduced AlO2(•) radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 (•-) and OH(•). Thus, it is the Al(+3)-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C. Willhite
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ian M. F. Arnold
- Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu Y, Sun H, Fu Y, Wang J, Song M, Li M, Li Y, Miao L. Effects of sub-chronic aluminum chloride on spermatogenesis and testicular enzymatic activity in male rats. Life Sci 2014; 102:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
18
|
Hougaard KS, Jackson P, Kyjovska ZO, Birkedal RK, De Temmerman PJ, Brunelli A, Verleysen E, Madsen AM, Saber AT, Pojana G, Mast J, Marcomini A, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Szarek J, Mortensen A, Vogel U. Effects of lung exposure to carbon nanotubes on female fertility and pregnancy. A study in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 41:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Ohishi T, Wang L, Akane H, Itahashi M, Nakamura D, Yafune A, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Reversible effect of maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos on the intermediate granule cell progenitors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 35:125-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
20
|
Ohishi T, Wang L, Akane H, Shiraki A, Goto K, Ikarashi Y, Suzuki K, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Reversible aberration of neurogenesis affecting late-stage differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat offspring after maternal exposure to manganese chloride. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:408-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|