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Wang X, Hu K, Chen Y, Lai J, Zhang M, Li J, Li Q, Zhao N, Liu S. Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory ability of polysaccharides from Lvjian okra. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128649. [PMID: 38065452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Okra polysaccharides exhibits a range of biological activities. To date, its processing using microbial fermentation has not been explored. This study investigated the fermentation of okra juice with various lactic acid bacteria, followed by the extraction and characterization of crude polysaccharides (termed OPS-F), in contrast to their non-fermented counterpart (OPS). Changes in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory ability were noted. The results demonstrated that OPS-F had a 7.42-12.53 % increase in total polysaccharides content compared to OPS. However, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography indicated a reduction in the molecular weight of OPS-F (7.9-9.5 × 105 Da) relative to OPS (1.66 × 106 Da). Compared to OPS, OPS-F had reduced levels of mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid and arabinose, but increased rhamnose, galacturonic acid and galactose, exhibiting enhanced solubility and lower apparent viscosity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed minimal changes in polysaccharide structure post-fermentation. Moreover, despite a decrease in antioxidant activity post-fermentation, OPS-F exhibited superior immunomodulatory potential. In conclusion, fermenting okra juice with lactic acid bacteria alters the physicochemical properties of crude polysaccharides and enhances their immunomodulatory activity, offering a promising approach for developing new functional food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Wang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jinghui Lai
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Mengmei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Lu X, Dai Y, Yang S, Fu T, He Y, Zeng F, Chen T, Cao Y, Li R, Li J, Zhou W. Purification and characterization of a glycoprotein from Sipunculus nudus and its immune-enhancing activity to RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113591. [PMID: 37986528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Sipunculus nudus, an edible marine invertebrate, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in folk remedies. In order to assess the immunoregulatory activity of glycoproteins in Sipunculus nudus and conduct a structure-activity relationship, a glycoprotein (SGP1) with molecular mass of 9.26 kDa was purified from Sipunculus nudus, and its chemical structure as well as immune-enhancing activity was investigated in this study. Structure analysis revealed that SGP1, a protein-dominate glycoprotein with O-glycosidic bonds, contained 92.8 % protein and 3.1 % saccharide. GC-MS result indicated that the saccharide moieties of SGP1 basically consisted of lyxose (Lyx), xylose (Xyl) as well as glucose (Glu) at a molar proportion of 0.87:4.16:1.36. The fourier transform infrared specoscopy (FT-IR) result proved that SGP1 have a typical characteristic of glycoprotein. Besides, circular dichroism (CD) result showed that SGP1 contained 4.1 % α-helix, 42.5 % β-sheet, 21.4 % β-turn, and 32.0 % random coil, indicating it's mainly a β-sheet glycoprotein. The amino acid sequence of SGP1 shared a similarity to the Myohemerythrin (sp|Q5K473|HEMTM) with protein sequence coverage of 28.3 %. Moreover, the activity evaluation results showed that SGP1 exhibited significant immune-enhancing activity to the RAW 264.7 macrophages by promoting macrophages proliferation, enhancing phagocytic capacity, and simultaneously stimulating the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via NF-κB pathways. In this study, SGP1 as a novel glycoprotein had an obvious immune-enhancing activity to macrophages, and thus could be applied in the functional foods as a potential immunopotentiator for the hypoimmune population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengfei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tinghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yupo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Dual Bioactivity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Novel Tripeptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and Their Related Mechanism Analysis for Antihypertention. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Immune-enhancing effects of postbiotic produced by Bacillus velezensis Kh2-2 isolated from Korea Foods. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mi XJ, Xu XY, Choi HS, Kim H, Cho IH, Yi TH, Kim YJ. The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:477-494. [PMID: 35125869 PMCID: PMC8812323 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite great advances in the field of immunotherapy, there is still a need for novel and effective immunostimulants to overcome challenges, such as instability and autoinflammatory toxicity, associated with conventional immunostimulants. Nanotechnology provides the possibility to overcome these challenges. The well-known classical Chinese formula, Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang (HHT) has been widely used to treat immune-related diseases in clinical practice. Methods We developed novel gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing one-pot synthesis with the herbal formula-HHT. The optimal conditions for HHT-AuNP biosynthesis were established, and physicochemical properties of the optimized HHT-AuNPs were identified using various spectrometric and microscopic techniques. Bio-TEM analysis revealed that HHT-AuNPs were highly engulfed within RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. The effect of HHT-AuNPs on immunostimulatory activity was evaluated in innate and adaptive immune cells (RAW264.7 macrophages and ICR mice splenocytes) using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and ELISA. Results The HHT-AuNPs remarkably increased the nitric oxide (NO) and immune-related cytokines production by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, HHT-AuNPs exerted immunostimulatory effects on mouse splenocytes by priming T/B-cells and macrophages. Discussion The present study is the first to demonstrate that HHT-AuNPs could be utilized as immunostimulators to activate both innate and adaptive immune systems. These results provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicinal formulae in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Yue Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Yeon-Ju Kim; Ik Hyun Cho Tel +82-31-201-5634Fax +82-31-204-8116 Email ;
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Qi Y, Zhou J, Shen X, Chalamaiah M, Lv S, Luo H, Chen L. Bioactive Properties of Peptides and Polysaccharides Derived from Peanut Worms: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 35049866 PMCID: PMC8779918 DOI: 10.3390/md20010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut worms (Sipunculids) are unsegmented marine worms that usually inhabit shallow waters. Peanut worms are good source of bioactive compounds including peptides and polysaccharides. Many recent studies have investigated the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides derived from peanut worms in order to enhance their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The peptides and polysaccharides isolated from peanut worms have been reported to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hypoxia and wound healing activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms. Most researchers used in vitro, cell culture and animal models for the determination of bioactivities of peanut worm derived compounds. However, studies in humans have not been performed considerably. Therefore, it is important to conduct more human studies for better utilization of marine bioactive compounds (peptides and polysaccharides) derived from peanut worms. This review mainly focuses on the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides of peanut worms and their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qi
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
- Marine Chinese Medicine Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoqin Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China;
| | - Meram Chalamaiah
- 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Simin Lv
- Guangdong Runyuan Zhongtian Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
- Marine Chinese Medicine Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Liang Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (J.Z.); (H.L.)
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Zhong C, Tian W, Chen H, Yang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Zhu S, Li P, Du B. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale leaves. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14023. [PMID: 34873736 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two kinds of polysaccharides from leaves of Dendrobium officinale, namely DLP-1 and DLP-2, were obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol sedimentation, and chromatographic separation using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. They were composed of different monosaccharides and the content of monosaccharides varied significantly while DLP-1 (Mw 1.38 × 106 Da) was mainly composed of mannose (71.69%) and glucose (22.89%), and DLP-2 (Mw 1.93 × 106 Da) was constituted by rhamnose (35.05%), arabinose (24.12%), and galactose (25.65%). A triple-helical conformation was exhibited by both of them. The scanning electron microscope image of DLP-1 showed an irregular and large lamellar shape, as well as a smooth surface and a porous interior, illustrating they had an amorphous structure. In contrast, DLP-2 revealed a rough, loose, and uneven surface consisting of large sponge-like particles. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and (1→4)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-Manp were the main linkage types of DLP-1, whereas DLP-2 was constituted by a large amount of (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and other residues. Besides, DLP-1 and DLP-2 stimulated the proliferation and phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells and improved the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These results proved that both DLP-1 and DLP-2 possessed excellent immunoregulatory bioactivities and could be functional food or adjuvant drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The leaf of Dendrobium officinale is a by-product with huge biomass. The lack of systematic research on its chemical composition and pharmacologic effect, leading to a great waste of resources. In order to maximize the value of D. officinale, this study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and immunologic effects of two polysaccharide fractions (DLP-1 and DLP-2) from D. officinale leaves, showing that DLP-1 and DLP-2 in D. officinale leaves could be used as anti-inflammatory agents to avoid wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Zhu
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen X, Ni L, Fu X, Wang L, Duan D, Huang L, Xu J, Gao X. Molecular Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Novel Sulfated Galactofucan from Saccharina japonica. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080430. [PMID: 34436269 PMCID: PMC8398701 DOI: 10.3390/md19080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed of Saccharina japonica is the most abundantly cultured brown seaweed in the world, and has been consumed in the food industry due to its nutrition and the unique properties of its polysaccharides. In this study, fucoidan (LJNF3), purified from S. japonica, was found to be a novel sulfated galactofucan, with the monosaccharide of only fucose and galactose in a ratio of 79.22:20.78, and with an 11.36% content of sulfate groups. NMR spectroscopy showed that LJNF3 consists of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranosyl-4-SO3 residues and (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose units. The molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 demonstrated that LJNF3 reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), and down-regulated the expression of MAPK (including p38, ENK and JNK) and NF-κB (including p65 and IKKα/IKKβ) signaling pathways. In a zebrafish experiment assay, LJNF3 showed a significantly protective effect, by reducing the cell death rate, inhibiting NO to 59.43%, and decreasing about 40% of reactive oxygen species. This study indicated that LJNF3, which only consisted of fucose and galactose, had the potential to be developed in the biomedical, food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Liying Ni
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2182; Fax: +86-532-8203-2389
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Delin Duan
- State Key Lab of Seaweed Bioactive Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., 1th Daxueyuan Road, Qingdao 266400, China;
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7th Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-Resources Sustainable Utilization of Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
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Su J, Liao D, Su Y, Liu S, Jiang L, Wu J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Novel polysaccharide extracted from Sipunculus nudus inhibits HepG2 tumour growth in vivo by enhancing immune function and inducing tumour cell apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8338-8351. [PMID: 34302428 PMCID: PMC8419178 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide was extracted from Sipunculus nudus (SNP). The molecular weight (MW) of SNP was determined to be 9223 Da by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography analyses, and the structure of the SNP repeat units was determined to be →3,4‐β‐D‐GlcpNAC (1→ and →4) ‐α‐D‐Glcp (1→ in the ratio of 15:1; →2) ‐α ‐D‐Galp ‐ (1→ as a side chain; and β‐D‐Galp‐(1→ and α‐ D‐Glcp ‐ (1→ as end groups by GC‐MS analysis and NMR assays. The effect of SNP on hepatoma HepG2‐bearing mice was analysed to verify its potential in the clinical treatment of liver cancer. A total of 90 male athymic nu/nu mice were divided into therapeutic and preventive groups and fed with different amounts of SNP. The antitumour effect of SNP on HepG2‐bearing mice and mechanism of such were studied by analysing the tumour size, spleen index, thymus index, immune factors in the blood, tumour apoptosis factors, etc. The results suggest that SNP not only increased the index of immune organs in the body, but also enhanced the secretion of immune factors, including interleukin‐2, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in the serum. SNP induced the apoptosis of tumour cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which upregulated caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9 and BCL2‐associated X, but downregulated B‐cell lymphoma‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. In conclusion, SNP inhibited tumour growth by enhancing immune function and inducing tumour cell apoptosis in HepG2‐bearing mice. Therefore, SNP may be further investigated as a promising candidate for future antitumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Dengyuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongchang Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingna Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao Y, Lu X, Dai Y, Li Y, Liu F, Zhou W, Li J, Zheng B. Proteomic analysis of body wall and coelomic fluid in Sipunculus nudus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:16-24. [PMID: 33460719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to make clear the protein compositions of Sipunculus nudus and investigate its immune-related proteins, proteomic analysis was performed on body wall and coelomic fluid of Sipunculus nudus. A total of 1659 proteins were identified, and 539 proteins were differentially expressed in the coelomic fluid compared to those in the body wall, of which 415 proteins were up-regulated while 124 proteins were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the GO terms involved in the two parts of Sipunculus nudus were similar, with metabolic processes, catalytic activity and cell occupying the top categories of biological process, molecular function and cellular component, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 49 pathways in body wall and 48 in coelomic fluid were mapped respectively, and these pathways were mainly related to cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing and metabolism. The COG analysis showed that 757 proteins from body wall and 889 from coelomic fluid were classified into 26 COG categories, respectively. Pfam annotation revealed the mainly immune-related proteins contained in Sipunculus nudus, such as insulin-like growth factor binding protein, catalase, basement membrane proteoglycan, titin. Our research provides the first proteomic information of Sipunculus nudus, which contributes to the study of functional proteins in Sipunculus nudus and is of great significance for the application of Sipunculus nudus in functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupo Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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11
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Lin H, Zheng Z, Yuan J, Zhang C, Cao W, Qin X. Collagen Peptides Derived from Sipunculus nudus Accelerate Wound Healing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051385. [PMID: 33806637 PMCID: PMC7961935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine collagen peptides have high potential in promoting skin wound healing. This study aimed to investigate wound healing activity of collagen peptides derived from Sipunculus nudus (SNCP). The effects of SNCP on promoting healing were studied through a whole cortex wound model in mice. Results showed that SNCP consisted of peptides with a molecular weight less than 5 kDa accounted for 81.95%, rich in Gly and Arg. SNCP possessed outstanding capacity to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cells proliferation and migration in vitro. In vivo, SNCP could markedly improve the healing rate and shorten the scab removal time, possessing a scar-free healing effect. Compared with the negative control group, the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the SNCP group was significantly down-regulated at 7 days post-wounding (p < 0.01). Moreover, the mRNA level of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) in SNCP group was up-regulated (p < 0.01); in contrast, type II TGF-β receptors, collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly down-regulated at 28 days (p < 0.01). These results indicate that SNCP possessed excellent activity of accelerating wound healing and inhibiting scar formation, and its mechanism was closely related to reducing inflammation, improving collagen deposition and recombination and blockade of the TGF-β/Smads signal pathway. Therefore, SNCP may have promising clinical applications in skin wound repair and scar inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Q.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institu-tion, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Q.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institu-tion, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-15980016199 (J.Y.); +86-13902501963 (C.Z.)
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Q.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institu-tion, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-15980016199 (J.Y.); +86-13902501963 (C.Z.)
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Q.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institu-tion, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.); (X.Q.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institu-tion, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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12
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Tian W, Xiao N, Yang Y, Xiao J, Zeng R, Xie L, Qiu Z, Li P, Du B. Structure, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide extracted from Sacha inchi seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:116-126. [PMID: 32565299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (PVLP-1) was extracted and purified from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds and the structure, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of PVLP-1 were investigated. PVLP-1 (144 kDa) consisted of glucose (69.76%), mannose (14.86%), arabinose (10.53%), galactose (2.42%), ribose (1.23%), rhamnose (0.27%) and xylose (0.93%). PVLP-1 displayed characteristic polysaccharide bands in Fourier transform NMR spectra and infrared. The primary structure of PVLP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide with a backbone of (1 → 6)-linked glucose, sidechains of (1 → 4)-linked mannose, (1 → 4)-linked glucose and (1 → 3, 6)-linked mannose and a residue unit of →1)-linked arabinose as revealed the methylation analysis. PVLP-1 possessed good water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC) and antioxidant capacities. Besides, PVLP-1 induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cell and enhanced the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha(TNF-α) and IL-1 beta (IL-1β). The present study indicated that PVLP-1 possessed immune-enhancing bioactivities and could be functional food or adjuvant drug to improve biological immunity of immunodeficiency diseases and hypoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ruiping Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Lanhua Xie
- Expert Research Station of Dubing, Pu'er City, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Ziyou Qiu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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13
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Immunomodulatory effect of natural flavonoid chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) on LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB activation. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Tian W, Dai L, Lu S, Luo Z, Qiu Z, Li J, Li P, Du B. Effect of Bacillus sp. DU-106 fermentation on Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide: Structure and immunoregulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1034-1042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Yang A, Fan H, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhu Z, Zha X, Zhao Y, Chai X, Li J, Tu P, Hu Z. An immune-stimulating proteoglycan from the medicinal mushroom Huaier up-regulates NF-κB and MAPK signaling via Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2628-2641. [PMID: 30602571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trametes robiniophila Murr. (Huaier) is a mushroom with a long history of use as a medicinal ingredient in China and exhibits good clinical efficacy in cancer management. However, the antitumor components of Huaier and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we isolated a proteoglycan with a molecular mass of ∼5.59 × 104 Da from Huaier aqueous extract. We named this proteoglycan TPG-1, and using FTIR and additional biochemical analyses, we determined that its total carbohydrate and protein compositions are 43.9 and 41.2%, respectively. Using biochemical assays and immunoblotting, we found that exposing murine RAW264.7 macrophages to TPG-1 promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Of note, the TPG-1 treatment significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells likely at least in part by increasing serum levels of TNFα and promoting leukocyte infiltration into tumors in nude mice. TPG-1 also exhibited good antitumor activity in hepatoma H22-bearing mice and had no obvious adverse effects in these mice. We conclude that TPG-1 exerts antitumor activity partially through an immune-potentiating effect due to activation of the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling cassette. Therefore, TPG-1 may be a promising candidate drug for cancer immunotherapy. This study has identified the TPG-1 proteoglycan as an antitumor agent and provided insights into TPG-1's molecular mechanism, suggesting a potential utility for applying this agent in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- the College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100029, China, and
| | - Yanan Zhao
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China,
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- From the Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China,
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Li Q, Wu J, Sun F, Liu Z, Zhao C, Liang S. Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax giraldii. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:785-793. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Fengxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
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Immunomodulatory activity of non starch polysaccharides isolated from green gram (Vigna radiata). Food Res Int 2018; 113:269-276. [PMID: 30195521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Green gram, rich in dietary fiber is known to enhance the function of immune system. However information pertaining to the immunomodulatory potential of its non starch polysaccharides (NSPs) is scanty. Hence, five different NSPs were extracted successively using water (WSP), hot water (55 o C, HWSP), EDTA (0.5%, Pectins) and alkali (10%, Hemicellulose A and B) which varied in their arabinose to galactose ratio, sugar, protein, uronic acid contents, molecular weight distribution and immunomodulatory activity. Hemicellulose B was relatively rich in carbohydrate content (~95%) and also possessed potent immunomodulatory activity among the various NSPs. Hemicellulose B was further fractionated on DEAE-cellulose column into six different fractions by eluting step-wise with water, ammonium carbonate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 M AC) and sodium hydroxide (0.1 and 0.2 M NaOH). 0.1 M AC eluted fraction was found to be the major one amounting to ~ 50% yield and showed relatively significant (p < 0.001) activity towards splenocyte proliferation and macrophage activation as compared with rest of the DEAE eluted fractions.
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18
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Structure characterization of two functional polysaccharides from Polygonum multiflorum and its immunomodulatory. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Chen ZE, Wufuer R, Ji JH, Li JF, Cheng YF, Dong CX, Taoerdahong H. Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. . JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9685-9692. [PMID: 28994289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two neutral polysaccharides (BRNP-1, 6.9 kDa; BRNP-2, 4.8 kDa) were purified from the common edible plant Brassica rapa L. via the combined techniques of ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 were composed of glucosyl residues. Methylation and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses revealed that both BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 contained a backbone chain that was composed of α-D-(1 → 4)-linked Glcp residues and side chains that were composed of terminally linked Glcp residues attached at the O-6 position of backbone-glycosyl residues. BRNP-1 and BRNP-2, however, differed in branch degree and molecular weight. Bioassay results showed that treatment with the higher dosage (400 μg/mL) of BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 stimulated the proliferation, NO release, and cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-α) of RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 may enhance macrophage-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufuer
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Hu Ji
- Medical Engineering Technology Institute, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Fang Li
- The Experimental Teach Center, College of HouBo, Xinjiang Medical University , Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cai-Xia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hailiqian Taoerdahong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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20
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Immune-enhancing effects of polysaccharides extracted from Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Qiao D, Wei C, Chen N, Min Y, Xu H, Chen R. Influences of Hyriopsis cumingii polysaccharides on mice immunosignaling molecules and T lymphocyte differentiation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1306494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Qiao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbao Wei
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
| | - Naidong Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiang Min
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Xu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, People's Republic of China
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22
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Qi B, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhang H, Bai XY, He HN, Sun WJ, Liu L, Zhao DQ. Characterization and immunostimulating effects on murine peritoneal macrophages of a novel protein isolated from Panax quinquefolius L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:700-705. [PMID: 27742408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax quinquefolius L. has been used as a proverbial tonic in oriental countries for hundreds of years. It is used as a traditional medicinal herb to nourish vitality. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study was to inquiry the activation effects on murine peritoneal macrophages of a novel protein separated from the roots of Panax quinquefolius L. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, a novel protein of the roots of American ginseng (AGNP) was separated and purified from the roots of Panax quinquefolius L. The characteristic was investigated with SDS-PAGE, high pressure gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectrometry method. The method of neutral red was carried out to investigate the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. And Griess method and colorimetry were executed to detect the level of nitric oxide and iNOS activity respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the subunit molecular weight of AGNP determined by SDS-PAGE was 15kD and the content of proteins determined by Bradford assay was 2.31mg/mL. The molecular weight of the AGNP was15, 114Da both of electrophoresis and MS purity. And the result of HPGFC showed that the molecular weight of AGNP was 31,086Da, Immunological studied indicated that AGNP could conspicuously increase phagocytosis of macrophages, facilitate the nitric oxide production, Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production. What is more, AGNP dose-dependently stimulated NO formation through the up-regulation of iNOS activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, AGNP had good immunoregulatory effects supporting the traditional claims and may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy to promoting immune function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - He Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Center of Chinese Medicine and Bio-Engineering Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hui-Nan He
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wei-Jie Sun
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Da-Qing Zhao
- Center of Chinese Medicine and Bio-Engineering Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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23
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Deng C, Shang J, Fu H, Chen J, Liu H, Chen J. Mechanism of the immunostimulatory activity by a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:752-9. [PMID: 27293036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata, an edible mushroom, is widely used not only as health foods but also as traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the immunostimulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP) in RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that DIP induced the up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) production as well as the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. Furthermore, the functional blocking antibodies against TLR4 could markedly suppress DIP-mediated NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production. Flow cytometry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analyses confirmed that DIP could bind specifically to target cells, and the binding could be inhibited by anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was significantly induced by DIP. Therefore, the DIP-induced macrophage activation may be mediated via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingying Shang
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haitian Fu
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hanying Liu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Su J, Jiang L, Wu J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Anti-tumor and anti-virus activity of polysaccharides extracted from Sipunculus nudus(SNP) on Hepg2.2.15. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:597-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isolation, characterization, and radiation protection of Sipunculus nudus L. polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 83:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Zou S, Zhang X, Cao K, Fan Q. Novel functional polysaccharides from Radix Polygoni Multiflori water extracted residue: Preliminary characterization and immunomodulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:625-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fang Q, Wang JF, Zha XQ, Cui SH, Cao L, Luo JP. Immunomodulatory activity on macrophage of a purified polysaccharide extracted from Laminaria japonica. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:66-73. [PMID: 26428101 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (LJP-31) with a molecular mass of 2.24 × 10(6) Da was isolated and purified from Laminaria japonica using DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S500 chromatography. Results showed that LJP-31 mainly consists of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:7.8:6.6:0.8. LJP-31 exhibited significant stimulation on macrophages and enhanced the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as the up-regulation of their gene expressions. Western blot analysis suggested that LJP-31 has the positive effects on the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38 in macrophages. Flow cytometric and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis indicated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was at least one of the recognition receptors of LJP-31 on the plasma membrane of macrophages. Taken together, LJP-31 may exert its immunostimulating potency via TLR4 activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Jing-Fei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
| | - Shao-Hua Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
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Teng L, Fu H, Wang M, Deng C, Chen J. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages by sulfated Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5545-53. [PMID: 26239044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of sulfated K5 polysaccharide derivatives on RAW264.7 macro-phage cells, and to further elucidate the structure‑activity relationship. In the present study, chemically sulfated polysaccharides were derived from Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide (K5PS), and molecular weight determination, sugar analysis, and other physical and chemical characterizations were performed on the derived polysaccharides. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that K5‑OS2 stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells to release TNF‑α and IL‑1β proinflammatory cytokines. K5‑OS2 also induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS, which is responsible for the production of nitric oxide. In addition, K5‑OS2 markedly induced macrophage‑mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells and promoted the phagocytic activity of the RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, K5‑OS2 activated macrophages and acted as a potent immunomodulator. Observations of the present study also indicated that sulfation modification enhanced the immune‑enhancing activity of K5PS, and that the high sulfation in the O‑position of K5PS may be required for the immunomodulatory activities of the Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Teng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Haitian Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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Jiang S, Shen X, Liu Y, He Y, Jiang D, Chen W. Radioprotective effects of Sipunculus nudus L. polysaccharide combined with WR-2721, rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on radiation-injured mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:515-522. [PMID: 25852150 PMCID: PMC4426933 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the radioprotective effect of Sipunculus nudus L. polysaccharide (SNP) in combination with WR-2721, rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on irradiated mice. A total of 70 Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice were divided into seven groups: the control group, the model group and five administration groups. All groups, except the control group, were exposed to a 5 Gy (60)Co γ-ray beam. Blood parameters [including white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts and hemoglobin level] were assessed three days before irradiation, and the on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after irradiation. Spleen, thymus and testicular indices, DNA contents of bone marrow cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, sperm counts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone and estradiol levels in the serum were assessed on the 14th day after irradiation. The combined administration of SNP, WR-2721, rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF exerted synergistic recovery effects on peripheral blood WBC, RBC and platelet counts and hemoglobin levels in irradiated mice, and synergistic promotion effects on spleen, thymus, testicle, bone marrow nucleated cells and sperm counts in irradiated mice. The synergistic administration increased the serum SOD activities and serum testosterone content of irradiated mice, but synergy decreased the content of serum MDA and estradiol in irradiated mice. These results suggest that the combined administration of SNP, WR-2721, rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF should increase the efficacy of these drugs for acute radiation sickness, protect immunity, hematopoiesis and the reproductive organs of irradiated-damaged mice, and improve oxidation resistance in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Jiang
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xianrong Shen
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying He
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dingwen Jiang
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The PLA Key Laboratory of Biological Effect and Medical Protection on Naval Vessel Special Environment, Department of Protection Medicine, Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zha XQ, Lu CQ, Cui SH, Pan LH, Zhang HL, Wang JH, Luo JP. Structural identification and immunostimulating activity of a Laminaria japonica polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:429-38. [PMID: 25934106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (LJP-11) was obtained from Laminaria japonica by anion exchange DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephacryl S-500 chromatography. The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be about 2.89×10(6) Da by high performance liquid chromatography system. Gas chromatography showed that LJP-11 was composed of arabinose, mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.0:1.16:6.33. LJP-11 contains a long backbone consisting of (1→4)-β-D-GlcpAc, (1→4)-α-D-Glcp, (1→6)-β-D-Glcp and (1→3,6)-α-D-Manp. The 1-linked β-L-Araf was linked to the C-6 of (1→3)-α-D-Manp and the sulfate group was attached to the C-4 of (1→6)-β-D-Glcp. Pharmacological tests displayed that LJP-11 can stimulate macrophages to release NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 as well as the up-regulation of their gene expressions, indicating LJP-11 has beneficial effects on immunostimulation. Moreover, LJP-11 exhibited positive effects on the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38 in macrophages. These results suggested that the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways is one of the mechanisms responsible for the immunostimulating activity of LJP-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Chao-Qun Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shao-Hua Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
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Kumalasari ID, Nishi K, Putra ABN, Sugahara T. Activation of macrophages stimulated by the bengkoang fiber extract through toll-like receptor 4. Food Funct 2015; 5:1403-8. [PMID: 24770453 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) is an edible root tuber containing fairly large amounts of carbohydrates and crude fibers. Our previous studies showed that the bengkoang fiber extract (BFE) stimulates activation of macrophages, leading to induction of phagocytotic activity and cytokine production. In the present study we investigated the mechanism underlying activation of murine macrophages by BFE. BFE increased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide by J774.1 cells. In addition BFE also facilitated the gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase. We examined the effect of a TLR4 inhibitor on cytokine production to investigate the membrane receptor of macrophage activation by BFE. Treatment of J774.1 cells with the TLR4 inhibitor significantly inhibited production of IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting that TLR4 is the target membrane receptor for BFE. The main signal molecules located downstream of TLR4 such as JNK, p38, ERK, and NF-κB were activated by BFE treatment. The immunostimulatory effect of BFE was cancelled by the pectinase treatment, suggesting that the active ingredient in BFE is pectin-like molecules. Overall results suggested that BFE activates J774.1 cells via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Dyah Kumalasari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Immunomodulatory activity of heparan sulfate mimetics from Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:643-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang F, Guo Y, Zhang R, Yi Y, Deng Y, Su D, Zhang M. Effects of drying methods on physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from litchi pulp. Molecules 2014; 19:12760-76. [PMID: 25140451 PMCID: PMC6271374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried litchi pulp has been used in traditional remedies in China for many years to treat various diseases, and the therapeutic activity has been, at least partly, attributed to the presence of bioactive polysaccharides. Polysaccharide-protein complexes from vacuum freeze-(VF), vacuum microwave-(VM) and heat pump (HP) dried litchi pulp, which were coded as LP-VF, LP-VM and LP-HP, were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties. LP-HP had a predominance of galactose, while glucose was the major sugar component in LP-VF and LP-VM. Compared with LP-VF and LP-VM, LP-HP contained more aspartate and glutamic in binding protein. LP-HP also exhibited a stronger stimulatory effect on splenocyte proliferation at 200 μg/mL and triggered higher NO, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from RAW264.7 macrophages. Different drying methods caused the difference in physicochemical properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from dried litchi pulp, which resulted in significantly different immunomodulatory activity. HP drying appears to be the best method for preparing litchi pulp to improve its immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
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Zheng W, Zhao T, Feng W, Wang W, Zou Y, Zheng D, Takase M, Li Q, Wu H, Yang L, Wu X. Purification, characterization and immunomodulating activity of a polysaccharide from flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:335-42. [PMID: 24721087 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (OFPS11) was obtained from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) flowers using aqueous extraction and purification with DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl™ S-500 column. Its preliminary characterization and immunomodulating activity were investigated. Results showed that OFPS11 is mainly composed of galactose and rhamnose in a molar ratio of 2.23:1 with molecular mass of 1,700 kDa. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with OFPS11 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells. Additionally, OFPS11 enhanced the phagocytic ability and induced the elevation of NO production, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, OFPS11 promoted both the expression of iNOS protein and of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. OFPS11 can strongly increase NF-κB levels in nucleuses, which is an important transcription factor that can modulate expressions of iNOS, NO and TNF-α. These outcomes support that OFPS11 exerts its antitumor activity by probably stimulating macrophage activities through nuclear NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ye Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daheng Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohammed Takase
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Effect of bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) fiber extract on murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Zhao T, Mao G, Mao R, Zou Y, Zheng D, Feng W, Ren Y, Wang W, Zheng W, Song J, Chen Y, Yang L, Wu X. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:609-16. [PMID: 23416131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide (SCPP11) was extracted and purified using DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Its in vivo and in vitro antitumor and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. The results showed that SCPP11 with a molecular weight of 3.4×10(3)Da exhibited indirect cyctotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro, but could significantly inhibit the growth of Heps cells in vivo at dose of 50mg/kg, and its inhibition rate is higher than that in the positive group. Moreover, SCPP11 could ameliorate the hematological and biochemical parameters to almost normal and no significant changes in organ weight, and could increase the body weight. In addition, SCPP11 (at 50mg/kg) could also increased in thymus indexes as well as IL-2 and TNF-α levels in serum in vivo and significantly enhance the phagocytosis activity and the productions of NO of RAW264.7 in vitro. The results indicated that antitumor properties of SCPP11 might be achieved by improving immune response. It could be explored as a potential adjuvant against cancer used in the health food and pharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Su CA, Xu XY, Liu DY, Wu M, Zeng FQ, Zeng MY, Wei W, Jiang N, Luo X. Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity from fermentation broth of Morchella conica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:5. [PMID: 23351529 PMCID: PMC3598878 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and the purpose of this study Mushroom polysaccharides have traditionally been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of disorders like infectious illnesses, cancers and various autoimmune diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Morchella conica (M. conica) is a species of rare edible mushroom whose multiple medicinal functions have been proven. Thus, the objective of this study is to isolate and characterize of exopolysaccharide from submerged mycelial culture of M. conica, and to evaluate its immunomodulatory activity. Methods A water-soluble Morchella conica Polysaccharides (MCP) were extracted and isolated from the fermentation broth of M. conica through a combination of DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 HR chromatograph. NMR and IR spectroscopy has played a developing role in identification of polysaccharide with different structure and composition from fungal and plant sources, as well as complex glycosaminoglycans of animal origin. Thus, NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to analyze the chemical structure and composition of the isolated polysaccharide. Moreover, the polysaccharide was tested for its immunomodulatory activity at different concentrations using in vitro model. Results The results showed that MCP may significantly modulate nitric oxide production in macrophages, and promote splenocytes proliferation. Analysis from HPLC, infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that MCP was a homogeneous mannan with an average molecular weight of approximately 81.2 kDa. The glycosidic bond links is →6)-α-D-Man p-(1→. Conclusion The results suggested that the extracted MCP may modulate nitric oxide production in macrophages and promote splenocytes proliferation, and it may act as a potent immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-An Su
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhao H, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ouyang X, Peng R, Yang J. Antitumor and immunostimulatory activity of a polysaccharide-protein complex from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch in tumor-bearing mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2648-55. [PMID: 22613217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch has been used for cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. In this study, the effects of a polysaccharide-protein complex from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch (SPPC) on the tumor growth and immune function were assessed in sarcoma S180 and hepatoma H22 bearing mice. Results showed that SPPC significantly inhibited the growth of S180 transplanted in mice and prolonged the survival time of H22- bearing mice. In S180-bearing mice, it promoted specific and nonspecific immune response as evidenced by enhancing the activities of natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the ratio of Th1/Th2 cytokines, and increasing the percentages of CD4(+) T cells, B cells and NK cells. Furthermore, SPPC not only significantly inhibited mRNA expression and production of the immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), but also diminished arachidonic acid (AA)-metabolizing enzymes (COX-2 and CYP4A) and their products (PGE(2) and 20-HETE) in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Taken together, our results indicate that SPPC inhibits tumor growth in vivo by improving antitumor immune responses at least partly via downregulating AA-metabolic pathways in TAMs, and could act as an anti-tumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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