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Folium Sennae Increased the Bioavailability of Methotrexate through Modulation on MRP 2 and BCRP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101036. [PMID: 34681260 PMCID: PMC8537691 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Folium Sennae (FS), a popular laxative (Senna), contains polyphenolic anthranoids, whose conjugation metabolites are probable modulators of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). We suspected that the combined use of FS might alter the pharmacokinetics of various medicines transported by MRPs or BCRP. This study investigated the effect of FS on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug and a probe substrate of MRPs/BCRP. Rats were orally administered MTX alone and with two dosage regimens of FS in a parallel design. The results show that 5.0 g/kg of FS significantly increased the AUC0–2880, AUC720–2880 and MRT of MTX by 45%, 102% and 42%, and the seventh dose of 2.5 g/kg of FS significantly enhanced the AUC720–2880 and MRT by 78% and 42%, respectively. Mechanism studies indicated that the metabolites of FS (FSM) inhibited MRP 2 and BCRP. In conclusion, the combined use of FS increased the systemic exposure and MRT of MTX through inhibition on MRP 2 and BCRP.
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Effect and molecular mechanism research of Astragalus membranaceus on inhibiting intestinal absorption of six alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii in spleen deficiency rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:117-124. [PMID: 36120137 PMCID: PMC9476704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi in Chinese, HQ) extract on the intestinal absorption of six alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi in Chinese, FZ) in rats with spleen deficiency and provide novel insights into the application of HQ on modulating intestinal barrier. Methods Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with Xiaochengqi Decoction to induce the spleen deficiency model for 40 d. Single-pass intestinal perfusion model were used to study the effects of HQ extract on the absorption of alkaloids. Protein expression and mRNA levels of MRP2 and BCRP and tight junction proteins (TJ, including Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1) were measured using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The location and expression of TJ protein was also investigated by the immunofluorescence method. Results Compared with the normal group, the protein expression of MRP2, BCRP and TJ proteins in the model group were significantly down-regulated. After oral administration of HQ, the alkaloid absorption in intestinal villi was inhibited, MRP2, BCRP and TJ proteins were up-regulated, the green fluorescence staining of Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 was enhanced, and a thick layer of mucus was deposited on the surface of the epithelium of the intestinal cavity. Conclusion HQ as an intestinal barrier modulator improves the physiological changes of the intestinal environment of spleen deficiency to reduce the absorption of toxic components, leading to a decrease in the absorption of drug-like molecules.
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Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method for the Detection of Rhein in Rheum officinale. Int J Anal Chem 2020; 2020:4294826. [PMID: 32256596 PMCID: PMC7102413 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4294826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhein is an important quality-control marker of Rheum officinale. The aim of this study was to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for rhein detection, which acts as a powerful tool for quality control and proper usage of Rheum officinale. First, a specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) against rhein was produced from a stable hybridoma cell line, 1F8, generated by the fusion of mouse myeloma sp2/0 with spleen cells obtained from a Bal b/c mouse immunized with rhein-BSA. Then, an icELISA method was developed with an IC50 value and working range of 0.05 μg L−1 and 0.02–0.11 μg L−1, respectively. The icELISA revealed high assay specificity, since it only had a relatively high cross reactivity with aloe-emodin (27%) and almost no cross reactivity with any other anthraquinones (<1%). When spiked with 0.2–2 mg kg−1 of rhein, the recoveries ranged from 84.19% to 102.90%. Finally, icELISA was used to detect rhein contents of Rheum officinale collected from different regions, and the results corresponded well with those of HPLC. Overall, the developed icELISA with high specificity and sensitivity provided a rapid and simple method for rhein detection, and it may be a powerful tool for quality control and proper usage of Rheum officinale.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hu G, Zhang Z, Song R. Elevated system exposures of baicalin after combinatory oral administration of rhein and baicalin: Mainly related to breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), not UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112528. [PMID: 31884038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription follows the principle of compatibility (peiwu) to achieve the fundamental purpose: to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Rhei rhizoma, commonly known as Chinese rhubarb, is the most frequently used herb with Radix Scutellariaee. This classic fixed compatibility is considered for heat-clearing, qi regulation and detoxifying to gain better efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity with respect to unilateral medicine. With this in mind, we propose it is highly promising to find ingredients in rhubarb to increase the bioavailability of baicalin. AIM OF STUDY In the present study, effect of rhien on pharmacokinetic profile of baicalin in rat plasma was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were partly dissected through intestinal absorption, metabolism and biliary excretion with in vivo, in vitro and in situ assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats was first performed to provide a general overview of the in vivo exposure of baicalin and rhein after co-administration, while the biliary excretion study provided insight to the effect of rhein on the transport of baicalin from hepatocytes to bile. In vitro incubation and inhibition studies in human/rat liver microsome and human/rat intestinal S9 fraction were conducted to elucidate the role of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) on the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of baicalein (the aglycone of baicalin), and to determine whether rhein can affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. In situ intestinal perfusion study was designed to investigate the effect of rhein on intestinal absorption of baicalin, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor was co-perfused as positive control to demonstrate the role of the efflux transporter, while BCRP-MDCK II cell(Madin-Daby canine kidney cell) model was used as an in vitro approach to further confirm the conclusion. RESULTS The AUC and Cmax of baicalin were increased to 189.93% and 305.73%, respectively, and the clearance of baicalin was significantly decreased from 4.17 ± 2.40 to 1.65 ± 0.79 L/h/kg following oral co-administration of rhein. The AUC of baicalin was markedly increased and the biliary clearance was significantly decreased when baicalin and rhein were co-administered intravenously. The effect of rhein on the glucuronidation of baicalein in various subcellular fractions was examined, and it was found that rhein did not affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. Results of in situ intestinal perfusion revealed that co-perfusion with Ko143 (a potent BCRP inhibitor) or rhein significantly reduced the cumulative excretion amount of baicalin, from 9.27 ± 2.79 to 2.80 ± 0.97 or 4.84 ± 0.60 nM, respectively. Additionally, the efflux ratio Papp(BL-AP)/Papp(AP-BL) of baicalin in BCRP-MDCK II was decreased significantly in the presence of rhein or Ko143, which meant rhein could inhibit the BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that rhein can increase the bioavailability of baicalin by inhibiting BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin in enterocytes and hepatocytes rather than by affecting the activity of UGT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Analysis Center, Hubei Bio-Pharmaceutical Industrial Technological Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430075, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song R. The Influence of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix Scutellariae on the Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones and Flavonoids in Rat Plasma. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:291-300. [PMID: 29134502 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rhubarb-Radix scutellariae is a classic herb pair, which is commonly used to clear away heat and toxin in clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of anthraquinones and flavonoids in rat plasma. METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, and were orally administered Rhubarb and/or Radix scutellariae extracts. A sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of baicalin, baicalein, wogonside, wogonin, rhein, and emodin in rat plasma. The concentrations of phase II conjugates of flavonoid aglycones and anthraquinone aglycones were also determined after hydrolyzing the plasma with sulfatase. RESULTS Compared with administration of Radix scutellariae alone, co-administration of Rhubarb significantly decreased the first maximum plasma concentration (C max1) of baicalin, wogonside, and the phase II conjugates of baicalein, wogonin to 46.40, 61.27, 41.49, and 20.50%, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) was significantly decreased from 82.60 ± 20.22 to 51.91 ± 7.46 μM·h for rhein and 276.83 ± 98.02 to 175.42 ± 86.82 μM·h for the phase II conjugates of wogonin after compatibility. The time to reach the first maximum plasma concentration (T max1) of anthraquinones was shortened and the second peak of anthraquinones disappeared after compatibility. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae can significantly affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of characteristic constituents of the two herbs. The cause of these pharmacokinetic differences was further discussed combined with the in vivo ADME (absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion) processes of anthraquinones and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Alleviating the Intestinal Absorption of Rhein in Rhubarb through Herb Compatibility in Tiaowei Chengqi Tang in Caco-2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7835128. [PMID: 29636785 PMCID: PMC5831597 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7835128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (TWCQT) is composed of rhubarb, processed liquorice, and Natrii Sulfas, which is used as a purgative in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study focused on the intestinal absorption of rhein in disassembly of the TWCQT extracts through the Caco-2 cell monolayer model to explicate the possible detoxification mechanism of herb-herb compatibility in TWCQT. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of rhein occurred through active diffusion, and rhein might be composed of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates. The extract of processed liquorice increased the exclusion rate and reduced intracellular uptake of rhein. The consistent results observed in TWCQT further implied that processed liquorice in TWCQT could suppress the absorption of rhein across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. It has therefore been concluded that the active ingredients of processed liquorice may play a critical role in reducing the intestinal absorption of rhein to alleviate the toxicity of rhubarb in TWCQT. Because of BCRP's involvement in rhein transport, we conjectured that some components in processed liquorice could inhibit the transport of rhein, possibly by mediating BCRP. These results would provide new insight into this ancient drug combination in toxicity reduction and clinical use.
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Interaction between rhein acyl glucuronide and methotrexate based on human organic anion transporters. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Transporters in proximal renal tubules contribute to the disposition of numerous drugs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tubular secretion have been progressively elucidated during the past decades. Organic anions tend to be secreted by the transport proteins OAT1, OAT3 and OATP4C1 on the basolateral side of tubular cells, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2, MRP4, OATP1A2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the apical side. Organic cations are secreted by organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 on the basolateral side, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1, MATE2/2-K, P-glycoprotein, organic cation and carnitine transporter (OCTN) 1 and OCTN2 on the apical side. Significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may affect any of these transporters, altering the clearance and, consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of substrate drugs. Interactions at the level of basolateral transporters typically decrease the clearance of the victim drug, causing higher systemic exposure. Interactions at the apical level can also lower drug clearance, but may be associated with higher renal toxicity, due to intracellular accumulation. Whereas the importance of glomerular filtration in drug disposition is largely appreciated among clinicians, DDIs involving renal transporters are less well recognized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles, quantitative importance and clinical relevance of these transporters in drug therapy. It proposes an approach based on substrate-inhibitor associations for predicting potential tubular-based DDIs and preventing their adverse consequences. We provide a comprehensive list of known drug interactions with renally-expressed transporters. While many of these interactions have limited clinical consequences, some involving high-risk drugs (e.g. methotrexate) definitely deserve the attention of prescribers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Livio
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Biollaz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Jiang H, Yu J, Zheng H, Chen J, Wu J, Qi X, Wang Y, Wang X, Hu M, Zhu L, Liu Z. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 Regulate the Disposition of Acacetin Glucuronides. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1402-1415. [PMID: 28421306 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the mechanism responsible for acacetin glucuronide transport and the bioavailability of acacetin. METHODS Area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL), half-life (T1/2) and other pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the pharmacokinetic model. The excretion of acacetin glucuronides was evaluated by the mouse intestinal perfusion model and the Caco-2 cell model. RESULTS In pharmacokinetic studies, the bioavailability of acacetin in FVB mice was 1.3%. Acacetin was mostly exposed as acacetin glucuronides in plasma. AUC of acacetin-7-glucuronide (Aca-7-Glu) was 2-fold and 6-fold higher in Bcrp1 (-/-) mice and Mrp2 (-/-) mice, respectively. AUC of acacetin-5-glucuronide (Aca-5-Glu) was 2-fold higher in Bcrp1 (-/-) mice. In mouse intestinal perfusion, the excretion of Aca-7-Glu was decreased by 1-fold and 2-fold in Bcrp1 (-/-) and Mrp2 (-/-) mice, respectively. In Caco-2 cells, the efflux rates of Aca-7-Glu and Aca-5-Glu were significantly decreased by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor Ko143 and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitor LTC4. The use of these inhibitors markedly increased the intracellular acacetin glucuronide content. CONCLUSIONS BCRP and MRP2 regulated the in vivo disposition of acacetin glucuronides. The coupling of glucuronidation and efflux transport was probably the primary reason for the low bioavailability of acacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jia Yu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Haihui Zheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinchun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
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Zhang Q, Zhu L, Gong X, Ruan Y, Yu J, Jiang H, Wang Y, Qi X, Lu L, Liu Z. Sulfonation Disposition of Acacetin: In Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4921-4931. [PMID: 28540728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin, an important component of acacia honey, exerts extensive therapeutic effects on many cancers. However, the sulfonation disposition of acacetin has rarely been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sulfonation disposition of acacetin systematically. The results showed that acacetin-7-sulfate was the main metabolite mediated primarily by sulfotransferases (SULT) 1A1. Dog liver S9 presented the highest formation rate of acacetin-7-sulfate. Compared with that in wild-type Friend Virus B (FVB) mice, plasma exposure of acacetin-7-sulfate decreased significantly in multidrug resistance protein 1 knockout (Mrp1-/-) mice vut increased clearly in breast cancer resistance protein knockout (Bcrp-/-) mice. In Caco-2 monolayers, the efflux and clearance of acacetin-7-sulfate was reduced distinctly by the BCRP inhibitor Ko143 on the apical side and by the MRP1 inhibitor MK571 on the basolateral side. In conclusion, acacetin sulfonation was mediated mostly by SULT1A1. Acacetin-7-sulfate was found to be transported mainly by BCRP and MRP1. Hence, SULT1A1, BCRP, and MRP1 are responsible for acacetin-7-sulfate exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xia Gong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yanjiao Ruan
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jia Yu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - XiaoXiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Huang BY, Zeng Y, Li YJ, Huang XJ, Hu N, Yao N, Chen MF, Yang ZG, Chen ZS, Zhang DM, Zeng CQ. Uncaria alkaloids reverse ABCB1-mediated cancer multidrug resistance. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:257-268. [PMID: 28534954 PMCID: PMC5467778 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is the main cause of cancer multidrug resistance (MDR), which leads to chemotherapy failure. Uncaria alkaloids are the major active components isolated from uncaria, which is a common Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, the MDR-reversal activities of uncaria alkaloids, including rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine (Icory), hirsutine and hirsuteine, were screened; they all exhibited potent reversal efficacy when combined with doxorubicin. Among them, Icory significantly sensitized ABCB1-overexpressing HepG2/ADM and MCF-7/ADR cells to vincristine, doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but not to the non-ABCB1 substrate cisplatin. Noteworthy, Icory selectively reversed ABCB1-overexpressing MDR cancer cells but not ABCC1- or ABCG2-mediated MDR. Further mechanistic study revealed that Icory increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in ABCB1-overexpressing cells by blocking the efflux function of ABCB1. Instead of inhibiting ABCB1 expression and localization, Icory acts as a substrate of the ABCB1 transporter by competitively binding to substrate binding sites. Collectively, these results indicated that Icory reversed ABCB1-mediated MDR by suppressing its efflux function, and it would be beneficial to increase the efficacy of these types of uncaria alkaloids and develop them to be selective ABCB1-mediated MDR-reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yuan Huang
- National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Digital Quality Evaluation Technology, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zeng
- National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Digital Quality Evaluation Technology, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Min-Feng Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zai-Gang Yang
- Institute of Uncaria, Jianhe Science and Technology Bureau, Jianhe, Guizhou 556400, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Zeng
- National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Digital Quality Evaluation Technology, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Dai Y, Ma BL, Zheng M, Shi R, Li YY, Wang TM, Ma YM. Identification of drug transporters involved in the uptake and efflux of rhein in hepatocytes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhein is an herbal medicine with various bioactivities and is derived from an anthraquinone compound. In this study, we aimed to identify drug transporters involved in the uptake and efflux of rhein in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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13
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Wu J, Hu Y, Xiang L, Li S, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang W, Meng X, Wang P. San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Constituents Exert Drug-Drug Interaction of Mutual Reinforcement at Both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Level: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:448. [PMID: 27965575 PMCID: PMC5124576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders underlie varieties of human diseases. San-Huang-Xie-xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed with Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), and Radix Scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), is a famous formula which has been widely used in the fight against inflammatory abnormalities. Mutual reinforcement is one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Here this article reviewed and analyzed the recent research on (1) How the main constituents of SHXXT impact on inflammation-associated signaling pathway molecules. (2) The interaction between the main constituents and efflux pumps or intestinal transporters. The goal of this work was to, (1) Provide evidence to support the theory of mutual reinforcement. (2) Clarify the key targets of SHXXT and suggest which targets need further investigation. (3) Give advice for the clinical use of SHXXT to elevated the absorption of main constituents and eventually promote oral bioavailability. We search literatures in scientific databases with key words of “each main SHXXT constituent,” in combination with “each main inflammatory pathway target molecule” or each main intestinal transporter, respectively. We report the effect of five main constituents on target molecules which lies in three main inflammatory signaling pathways, we as well investigate the interaction between constituents and intestinal transporter. We conclude, (1) The synergistic effect of constituents at both levels confirm the mutual reinforcement theory of TCM as it is proven in this work. (2) The effect of main constituents on downstream targets in nuclear need more further investigation. (3) Drug elevating the absorption of rhein, berberine and baicalein can be employed to promote oral bioavailability of SHXXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Wenge Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
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14
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Yuan Y, Zheng J, Wang M, Li Y, Ruan J, Zhang H. Metabolic Activation of Rhein: Insights into the Potential Toxicity Induced by Rhein-Containing Herbs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5742-5750. [PMID: 27362917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhein is a major component of the many medicinal herbs such as rhubarb. Despite wide use, intoxication cases associated with rhein-containing herbs are often reported. The present work aimed to investigate if rhein was subject to metabolic activation leading to toxicity. Upon incubations with different species of liver microsomes, three monoglucuronides were identified, corresponding to two hydroxyl glucuronides and one acyl glucuronide via the carboxyl group, respectively. Further study revealed that rhein acyl glucuronide was chemically reactive, and showed cytotoxicity toward hepatocarcinoma cells. In addition, significant species differences in glucuronidation of rhein were observed between laboratory animals and humans. Reaction phenotyping experiments demonstrated that rhein acyl glucuronide was catalyzed predominantly by uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, 1A9, and 2B7. Taken together, the present study confirmed that rhein could be metabolically activated via the formation of acyl glucuronide, especially in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianqing Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
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15
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Zheng L, Zhu L, Zhao M, Shi J, Li Y, Yu J, Jiang H, Wu J, Tong Y, Liu Y, Hu M, Lu L, Liu Z. In Vivo Exposure of Kaempferol Is Driven by Phase II Metabolic Enzymes and Efflux Transporters. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1289-1299. [PMID: 27393480 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a well-known flavonoid; however, it lacks extensive pharmacokinetic studies. Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters play an important role in the disposition of flavonoids. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters determine the in vivo exposure of kaempferol. Pharmacokinetic analysis in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that kaempferol was mostly biotransformed to conjugates, namely, kaempferol-3-glucuronide (K-3-G), kaempferol-7-glucuronide (K-7-G), and kaempferol-7-sulfate, in plasma. K-3-G represented the major metabolite. Compared with that in wild-type mice, pharmacokinetics in knockout FVB mice demonstrated that the absence of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) of the conjugates. The lack of MRP1 resulted in a much lower AUC of the conjugates. Intestinal perfusion in rats revealed that the glucuronide conjugates were mainly excreted in the small intestine, but 7-sulfate was mainly excreted in the colon. In Caco-2 monolayers, K-7-G efflux toward the apical (AP) side was significantly higher than K-3-G efflux. In contrast, K-3-G efflux toward the basolateral (BL) side was significantly higher than K-7-G efflux. The BL-to-AP efflux was significantly reduced in the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor LTC4. The AP-to-BL efflux was significantly decreased in the presence of the BL-side MRPs inhibitor MK571. The BCRP inhibitor Ko143 decreased the glucuronide conjugate efflux. Therefore, kaempferol is mainly exposed as K-3-G in vivo, which is driven by phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters (i.e., BCRP and MRPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China. .,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ma L, Zhao L, Hu H, Qin Y, Bian Y, Jiang H, Zhou H, Yu L, Zeng S. Interaction of five anthraquinones from rhubarb with human organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6) and 3 (SLC22A8) and drug-drug interaction in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:864-871. [PMID: 24685584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and has been used in China for thousands of years. Anthraquinone derivatives including rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion are the important components in rhubarb. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we studied the interaction of five anthraquinone derivatives with human renal organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3 stably expressed in cells, and interaction of rhein or rhubarb extract (RE) with furosemide (FS, substrate of OATs) in rats. RESULTS Uptake of 6-carboxyl fluorescein via hOAT1 and fluorescein via hOAT3 were markedly inhibited by rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin, and slightly inhibited by chrysophanol and physcion. The estimated IC₅₀ values for rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin and probenecid (typical inhibitor of hOAT1 and hOAT3) were 0.23, 0.61, 2.29 and 18.34 μM for hOAT1, and 0.08, 1.22, 5.37 and 5.83 μM for hOAT3, respectively. Furthermore, the data from the cellular accumulation assay indicated that these five compounds were not substrates of hOAT1 or hOAT3. Pharmacokinetic interaction between rhein and FS in rats showed that area under the curve (AUC₀-t) for FS was increased by 65% when coadministrated with rhein. RE was also used to interact with FS in rats and results showed that AUC₀-t of FS was increased by 32% and by 52% when coadministrated with single-dose or multiple-dose of RE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that five anthraquinones inhibited hOAT1 and hOAT3, but these compounds were not transported by hOAT1 or hOAT3. Furthermore, rhein or RE, might cause drug-drug interaction when coadministrated with substrates of OAT1 or OAT3 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yahong Qin
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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