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Xu L, Yang S, Wang L, Qiu J, Meng H, Zhang L, Sun W, He A. Association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function: analysis of Chinese and NHANES databases. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1378027. [PMID: 38939562 PMCID: PMC11210317 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are widely used in agricultural activities. Although pesticide use is known to cause damage to the human body, its relationship with thyroid function remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and thyroid function. Methods The Chinese database used included 60 patients with pyrethroid poisoning and 60 participants who underwent health checkups between June 2022 and June 2023. The NHANES database included 1,315 adults enrolled from 2007 to 2012. The assessed pesticide and their metabolites included 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F3PB), para-nitrophenol (PN), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3P), and trans-dichlorovinyl-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDDC). The evaluated indicators of thyroid function were measured by the blood from the included population. The relationship between pesticide exposure and thyroid function indexes was investigated using linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) models. Results The Chinese data showed that pesticide exposure was negatively correlated with the thyroid function indicators FT4, TT4, TgAb, and TPOAb (all p < 0.05). The BKMR model analysis of the NHANES data showed that the metabolic mixture of multiple pesticides was negatively associated with FT4, TSH, and Tg, similar to the Chinese database findings. Additionally, linear regression analysis demonstrated positive correlations between 2,4-D and FT3 (p = 0.041) and 4F3PB and FT4 (p = 0.003), whereas negative associations were observed between 4F3PB and Tg (p = 0.001), 4F3PB and TgAb (p = 0.006), 3P and TgAB (p = 0.006), 3P and TPOAb (p = 0.03), PN and TSH (p = 0.003), PN and TT4 (p = 0.031), and TDDC and TPOAb (p < 0.001). RCS curves highlighted that most pesticide metabolites were negatively correlated with thyroid function indicators. Finally, WQS model analysis revealed significant differences in the weights of different pesticide metabolites on the thyroid function indexes. Conclusion There is a significant negative correlation between pesticide metabolites and thyroid function indicators, and the influence weights of different pesticide metabolites on thyroid function indicators are significantly different. More research is needed to further validate the association between different pesticide metabolites and thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Xu
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengkai Yang
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longqing Wang
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxin Qiu
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Meng
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Aifeng He
- Binhai County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Barletta B, Corinti S, Maranghi F, Tait S, Tassinari R, Martinelli A, Longo A, Longo V, Colombo P, Di Felice G, Butteroni C. The environmental pollutant BDE-47 modulates immune responses in invitro and in vivo murine models. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140739. [PMID: 38000557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widespread in the environment and biological samples. Its association with health risks is an increasing concern, yet information on BDE-47 immunotoxicity remains limited. This study investigated the impact of BDE-47 on innate and adaptive immune responses through in vitro and in vivo approaches. BDE-47's capacity to directly induce cell responses and modulate responses induced by known stimuli was studied in vitro using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and spleen-derived lymphocytes, and in vivo using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-immunized BALB/c mice orally administered (28 d) at dose levels (7.5, 15.0 and 30 mg/kg/bw/d) derived from relevant toxicokinetic data from rodent models. RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to BDE-47 exhibited unchanged cell viability but decreased release of interleukin (IL)-6. Primary splenocytes from naïve mice stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies and exposed to BDE-47 showed a significant decrease of IL-17 A and IFNγ production. In vivo data showed that BDE-47 significantly reduced the KLH-specific antibody response. A generally decreasing trend of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-5 production was observed after in vitro antigen-specific restimulation of spleen cells. Histopathological effects on liver, spleen, small intestine and thyroid were detected at the highest dose in the absence of general toxicity. In addition, the expression of Mm_mir155 and Mm_let7a was induced in livers of exposed mice. The data obtained in this study suggest that exposure to BDE-47 may perturb innate and adaptive immune responses, thus possibly decreasing resistance to bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Barletta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Corinti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Center for Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Di Felice
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Verheyen VJ, Van Nuijs ALN, Fernández MF, Remy S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): an effect biomarker of neurodevelopment in human biomonitoring programs. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1319788. [PMID: 38268968 PMCID: PMC10806109 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1319788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review summarizes recent findings focusing on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker of effect for neurodevelopmental alterations during adolescence, based on health effects of exposure to environmental chemical pollutants. To this end, information was gathered from the PubMed database and the results obtained in the European project Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU), in which BDNF was measured at two levels of biological organization: total BDNF protein (serum) and BDNF gene DNA methylation (whole blood) levels. The obtained information is organized as follows. First, human biomonitoring, biomarkers of effect and the current state of the art on neurodevelopmental alterations in the population are presented. Second, BDNF secretion and mechanisms of action are briefly explained. Third, previous studies using BDNF as an effect biomarker were consulted in PubMed database and summarized. Finally, the impact of bisphenol A (BPA), metals, and non-persistent pesticide metabolites on BDNF secretion patterns and its mediation role with behavioral outcomes are addressed and discussed. These findings were obtained from three pilot studies conducted in HBM4EU project. Published findings suggested that exposure to some chemical pollutants such as fine particle matter (PM), PFAS, heavy metals, bisphenols, and non-persistent pesticides may alter circulating BDNF levels in healthy population. Therefore, BDNF could be used as a valuable effect biomarker to investigate developmental neurotoxicity of some chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle J. Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Mariana F. Fernández
- Biomedical Research Center and School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
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Castiello F, Suárez B, Beneito A, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Santa-Marina L, Lertxundi A, Tardón A, Riaño-Galán I, Casas M, Vrijheid M, Olea N, Fernández MF, Freire C. Childhood exposure to non-persistent pesticides and pubertal development in Spanish girls and boys: Evidence from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120571. [PMID: 36356884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed cross-sectional associations between urinary metabolites of non-persistent pesticides and pubertal development in boys and girls from urban and rural areas in Spain and examined effect modification by body mass index (BMI). Four metabolites of insecticides (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos; IMPy, metabolite of diazinon; DETP, non-specific metabolite of organophosphates; 3-PBA, metabolite of pyrethroids) and the metabolite of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicides (ETU) were quantified in urine collected in 2010-2016 from 7 to 11-year-old children (606 girls, 933 boys) participating in the INMA Project. Pubertal development was ascertained by Tanner stages and/or parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). Associations between pesticide metabolites and odds of being in stage 2+ for breast development (girls), genital development (boys), pubic hair growth (girls and boys), and/or overall puberty onset, gonadarche, and adrenarche (PDS for girls and boys) were examined by mixed-effect logistic regression. Effect modification by BMI was explored by interaction terms and stratified analysis. In girls, DETP and ETU concentrations>75th percentile (P75) were associated with higher odds of overall puberty development (OR [95%CI] = 1.86 [1.07-3.24] and 1.71 [1.03-2.83], respectively, for > P75 vs. undetected concentrations), while ETU > P75 was also associated with higher odds of breast development (OR [95%CI] = 5.55 [2.83-12.91]), particularly in girls with underweight/normal weight (OR [95%CI] = 10.08 [2.62-38.76]). In boys, detection of TCPy (40%) and 3-PBA (34%) was associated with higher odds of genital development (OR [95%CI] = 1.97 [1.08-3.57] and 2.08 [1.15-3.81], respectively), and the association with 3-PBA was observed in boys with overweight/obesity alone. In addition, ETU > P75 was associated with higher odds of genital development in boys with underweight/normal weight (OR [95%CI] = 2.89 [1.08-7.74]) but higher DETP with lower odds of puberty in boys with overweight/obesity (OR [95%CI] = 0.94 [0.89-0.99] per log-unit increase in concentration). Results suggest an association of childhood exposure to ETU and certain insecticides with earlier puberty in girls and boys that may be modified by child BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Castiello
- Pediatrics Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.granada), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.granada), 18012, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Department of Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, 20013, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isolina Riaño-Galán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Pediatrics Unit, Asturias Central University Hospital, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.granada), 18012, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.granada), 18012, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.granada), 18012, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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5
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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, D'Cruz SC, Mustieles V, Suárez B, Smagulova F, David A, Peinado F, Artacho-Cordón F, López LC, Arrebola JP, Olea N, Fernández MF, Freire C. Exposure to non-persistent pesticides, BDNF, and behavioral function in adolescent males: Exploring a novel effect biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113115. [PMID: 35292247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous contemporary non-persistent pesticides may elicit neurodevelopmental impairments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed as a novel effect biomarker of neurological function that could help to understand the biological responses of some environmental exposures. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between exposure to various non-persistent pesticides, BDNF, and behavioral functioning among adolescents. METHODS The concentrations of organophosphate (OP) insecticide metabolites 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy), malathion diacid (MDA), and diethyl thiophosphate (DETP); metabolites of pyrethroids 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA), the metabolite of insecticide carbaryl 1-naphthol (1-N), and the metabolite of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicides ethylene thiourea (ETU) were measured in spot urine samples, as well as serum BDNF protein levels and blood DNA methylation of Exon IV of BDNF gene in 15-17-year-old boys from the INMA-Granada cohort in Spain. Adolescents' behavior was reported by parents using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL/6-18). This study included 140 adolescents of whom 118 had data on BDNF gene DNA methylation. Multivariable linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) for mixture effects, and mediation models were fit. RESULTS IMPy, MDA, DCCA, and ETU were detected in more than 70% of urine samples, DETP in 53%, and TCPy, 3-PBA, and 1-N in less than 50% of samples. Higher levels of IMPy, TCPy, and ETU were significantly associated with more behavioral problems as social, thought problems, and rule-breaking symptoms. IMPy, MDA, DETP, and 1-N were significantly associated with decreased serum BDNF levels, while MDA, 3-PBA, and ETU were associated with higher DNA methylation percentages at several CpGs. WQS models suggest a mixture effect on more behavioral problems and BDNF DNA methylation at several CpGs. A mediated effect of serum BDNF within IMPy-thought and IMPy-rule breaking associations was suggested. CONCLUSION BDNF biomarkers measured at different levels of biological complexity provided novel information regarding the potential disruption of behavioral function due to contemporary pesticides, highlighting exposure to diazinon (IMPy) and the combined effect of IMPy, MDA, DCCA, and ETU. However, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Shereen C D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Fátima Smagulova
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Francisco Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Luis C López
- University of Granada, Department of Physiology, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; University of Granada, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Department of Radiology, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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Corrales Vargas A, Peñaloza Castañeda J, Rietz Liljedahl E, Mora AM, Menezes-Filho JA, Smith DR, Mergler D, Reich B, Giffin A, Hoppin JA, Lindh CH, van Wendel de Joode B. Exposure to common-use pesticides, manganese, lead, and thyroid function among pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study, Costa Rica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151288. [PMID: 34756903 PMCID: PMC9162492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides and metals may disrupt thyroid function, which is key to fetal brain development. OBJECTIVES To evaluate if current-use pesticide exposures, lead and excess manganese alter free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA). METHODS At enrollment, we determined women's (n = 400) specific-gravity corrected urinary pesticide (μg/L) metabolite concentrations of mancozeb (ethylene thiourea (ETU)), pyrimethanil, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, and 2,4-D. We also measured manganese hair (MnH) (μg/g) and blood (MnB) (μg/L), and blood lead (PbB) (μg/L) concentrations. To detect an immediate and late effect on thyroid homeostasis, we determined TSH, FT4 and FT3 in serum obtained at the same visit (n = 400), and about ten weeks afterwards (n = 245). We assessed associations between exposures and outcomes with linear regression and general additive models, Bayesian multivariate linear regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression. RESULTS About 80%, 94%, and 100% of the women had TSH, FT4, and FT3 within clinical reference ranges, respectively. Women with higher urinary ETU, and pyrimethanil-metabolites, had lower FT4: β = -0.79 (95%CI = -1.51, -0.08) and β = -0.29 (95%CI = -0.62, -0.03), respectively, for each tenfold increase in exposure. MnB was positively associated with FT4 (β = 0.04 (95%CI = 0.00, 0.07 per 1 μg/L increase), and women with high urinary pyrethroid-metabolite concentrations had decreased TSH (non-linear effects). For the late-effect analysis, metabolites of pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos, as well as MnH, and PbB were associated decreased TSH, or increased FT4 and/or FT3. DISCUSSION Mancozeb (ETU) and pyrimethanil may inhibit FT4 secretion (hypothyroidism-like effect), while chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, MnB, MnH, PbB and Mn showed hyperthyroidism-like effects. Some effects on thyroid homeostasis seemed to be immediate (mancozeb (ETU), pyrimethanil, MnB), others delayed (chlorpyrifos, MnH, PbB), or both (pyrethroids), possibly reflecting different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corrales Vargas
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Peñaloza Castañeda
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Emelie Rietz Liljedahl
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana María Mora
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), University of California at Berkeley, United States
| | - Jose Antonio Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo s/n Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le bien-être, la santé, la société et l'environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brian Reich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, United States; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, United States
| | - Andrew Giffin
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, United States; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, United States
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, United States
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
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7
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Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168591. [PMID: 34444340 PMCID: PMC8392283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ) and zoxamide (ZOX) are fungicides commonly used in pest control programs to protect vineyards. Their toxic and genotoxic potential were investigated in vitro on HepG2 and A549 cell lines at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), comet assay and a micronucleus test with CREST immunofluorescence were used. The expression of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis/necrosis (BAX/BCL2), oxidative stress (NRF2), drug metabolism (CYP1A1) and DNA repair (ERCC1/OGG1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Both fungicides were cytotoxic at the highest tested concentrations (295.7 and 463.4 µM, respectively); MZ induced necrosis, ZOX did not increase apoptosis but modulated BAX and BCL2 expression, suggesting a different mechanism. Both compounds did not increase ROS, but the induction of CYP1A1 and NRF2 expression supported a pro-oxidant mechanism. The comet assay evidenced MZ genotoxicity, whereas no DNA damage due to ZOX treatment was observed. Positive micronuclei were increased in both cell lines treated with MZ and ZOX, supporting their aneugenic potential. ERCC1 and OGG1 were differently modulated, indicating the efficient activation of the nucleotide excision repair system by both fungicides and the inhibition of the base excision repair system by MZ. Overall, MZ confirmed its toxicity and new ZOX-relevant effects were highlighted.
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Tassinari R, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Valeri M, Gastaldelli A, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4584. [PMID: 33925988 PMCID: PMC8123661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general population (including children) is exposed to chemical mixtures. Plasticizers such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates (mainly Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP) are widespread contaminants classified as endocrine disrupters which share some toxicological profiles and coexist in food and environment. METHODS To identify hazards of DEHP and BPA mixtures, the juvenile toxicity test-where rodents are in peripubertal phase of development, resembling childhood-was selected using exposure data from biomonitoring study in children. Biological activity and potential enhanced and/or reduced toxicological effects of mixtures due to common mechanisms were studied, considering endpoints of metabolic, endocrine and reproductive systems. The degree of synergy or antagonism was evaluated by synergy score calculation, using present data and results from the single compound individually administered. RESULTS In metabolic system, synergic interaction predominates in female and additive in male rats; in the reproductive and endocrine systems, the co-exposure of BPA and DEHP showed interactions mainly of antagonism type. CONCLUSIONS The present approach allows to evaluate, for all the endpoints considered, the type of interaction between contaminants relevant for human health. Although the mode of action and biological activities of the mixtures are not completely addressed, it can be of paramount usefulness to support a more reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Luca Busani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Children’s Hospital, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
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Metabolic, reproductive and thyroid effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) orally administered to male and female juvenile rats at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study. Toxicology 2020; 449:152653. [PMID: 33309551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in several items, non-covalently bound to plastics and easily released, since metabolites were found in human matrices. DEHP is an endocrine disrupter and children are particularly vulnerable and susceptible to DEHP effects due to higher exposure levels and developmental stage. A juvenile toxicity study was performed to identify DEHP hazard and mode of action in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes during peri-pubertal period - corresponding to childhood phase - from weaning, post-natal day (PND) 23, to full sexual maturity (PND60); the dose levels of 0, 9, 21 and 48 mg/kg bw/day were derived from LIFE PERSUADED biomonitoring study in children. DEHP was administered by gavage for 28 days (5 days/week); timing of preputial separation and vaginal opening was observed during treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed on: adrenals, spleen, liver, thyroid and reproductive organs. The following serum biomarkers were assessed: estradiol, testosterone, anti-Mullerian hormone, tetraiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, adiponectin and leptin. Gene expression on hypothalamic-pituitary area was focused on follicle stimulating, luteinizing, and thyroid stimulating hormones. The results showed that main targets of DEHP during juvenile period were liver and metabolic system in both sexes, while sex-specific effects were recorded in reproductive system (male rats) and in thyroid (female rats). DEHP exposure during peri-pubertal period at dose levels derived from biomonitoring study in children can induce sex-specific imbalances identifying the juvenile animal model as a sound tool to identify hazards for a reliable risk assessment targeted to children.
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Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Di Virgilio A, Carli F, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Juvenile Toxicity Rodent Model to Study Toxicological Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) at Dose Levels Derived From Italian Children Biomonitoring Study. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:387-401. [PMID: 31697385 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties particularly relevant for children health. Recently BPA has been associated with metabolic dysfunctions but no data are yet available in specific, long-term studies. This study aimed to evaluate BPA modes of action and hazards during animal juvenile life-stage, corresponding to childhood. Immature Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated with 0 (vehicle only-olive oil), 2, 6, and 18 mg/kg bw per day of BPA for 28 days, from weaning to sexual maturity. Dose levels were obtained from the PERSUADED biomonitoring study in Italian children. Both no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL)/low-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) and estimated benchmark dose (BMD) approaches were applied. General toxicity, parameters of sexual development, endocrine/reproductive/functional liver and kidney biomarkers, histopathology of target tissues, and gene expression in hypothalamic-pituitary area and liver were studied. No mortality or general toxicity occurred. Sex-specific alterations were observed in liver, thyroid, spleen, leptin/adiponectin serum levels, and hypothalamic-pituitary gene expression. Thyroid homeostasis and liver were the most sensitive targets of BPA exposure in the peripubertal phase. The proposed LOAEL was 2 mg/kg bw, considering as critical effect the liver endpoints, kidney weight in male and adrenal histomorphometrical alterations and osteopontin upregulation in female rats. The BMD lower bounds were 0.05 and 1.33 mg/kg bw in males and females, considering liver and thyroid biomarkers, respectively. Overall, BPA evaluation at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study allowed to identify sex-specific, targeted toxicological effects that may have significant impact on risk assessment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù".,Children's Hospital-Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Aly N, Mosallam E, Ahmed N, El-Gendy K. Development and validation of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring ethylene thiourea in soil and vegetable samples. Food Chem 2020; 325:126931. [PMID: 32387955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of ethylene thiourea (ETU); a metabolite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) fungicides such as mancozeb. The ELISA performed well under optimal conditions based one limit of detection (0.201 ng mL-1), sensitivity (IC50 3.71 µg mL-1), recovery (81.6-102.7%) and relative standard deviation (<12.5%). This method was used to determine ETU residues in soil and vegetables after 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days following mancozeb application. Concentrations of ETU gradually increased in the soil up to the tenth day of application. While in tomato and potato samples, the maximum concentrations of ETU residues were reached on the third and fifth days, respectively, and then dissipated with half-lives of 1.33 and 4.33 days, respectively. The method was simple, rapid, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and has the potential for high sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Aly
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Mosallam
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabila Ahmed
- Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kawther El-Gendy
- Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Bianchi S, Nottola SA, Torge D, Palmerini MG, Necozione S, Macchiarelli G. Association between Female Reproductive Health and Mancozeb: Systematic Review of Experimental Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072580. [PMID: 32283742 PMCID: PMC7177957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb is a widely used fungicide approved for use in agriculture in many countries with long persistence in the environment and consequent bioaccumulation in tissues and biological fluids. Despite the large amount of studies published in recent years, the relationship between mancozeb exposure and female reproductive health is not fully elucidated. In order to summarize current evidence on mancozeb exposure and female reproductive disease, we performed a systematic review of literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to make this review. An adapted version of the National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health and Assessment and Translation (OHAT) framework was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Electronic search on two databases (PubMed and Scopus) was used to find experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) on mancozeb exposure. The database search identified 250 scientific articles, 20 of which met our inclusion criteria. Selected data were then reviewed and summarized in tables. Overall, mancozeb represents a hazard for female reproductive health, with different mechanisms of action. Undoubtedly more experimental and epidemiological studies are required to definitively validate mancozeb as reproductive toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bianchi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (D.T.); (M.G.P.); (S.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-8072
| | - Diana Torge
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (D.T.); (M.G.P.); (S.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (D.T.); (M.G.P.); (S.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (D.T.); (M.G.P.); (S.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (D.T.); (M.G.P.); (S.N.); (G.M.)
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Narváez JF, Grant H, Gil VC, Porras J, Bueno Sanchez JC, Ocampo Duque LF, Sossa RR, Quintana-Castillo JC. Assessment of endocrine disruptor effects of levonorgestrel and its photoproducts: Environmental implications of released fractions after their photocatalytic removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:273-279. [PMID: 30856437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of levonorgestrel (LNG) in water bodies via direct discharge and human excretion has been reported worldwide, but its effects on the reproduction of aquatic species and humans are still unknown. Owing to its recalcitrant properties, LNG is not completely removed during wastewater treatment plants, and many species may be exposed to low traces of this compound from discharged effluents. Thus, in this study, a photocatalytic process for removing LNG along with screening of endocrine disruptor effects for risk assessment was applied. Although the removal rate of LNG by ultraviolet C (UV-C) radiation was >90%, reproductive toxicity testing using the BeWo cell line exposed to LNG and its degraded fraction showed the reduced production of basal human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (β-hCG) by more than 73%, from 8.90 mIU mL-1 to <2.39 mIU mL-1, with both LNG and the degraded fraction. β-hCG hormone has been implicated in the viability of trophoblastic cells during the first trimester of pregnancy; therefore, degraded fractions and waterborne LNG may affect reproduction in some aquatic species and humans with low level of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fredy Narváez
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Vanessa Correa Gil
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmín Porras
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio Cesar Bueno Sanchez
- Grupo de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Ramiro Ríos Sossa
- Grupo de Investigación INFETTARE, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Cra. 42 #49-137, Medellín, Colombia
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Bottrel SEC, Pereira PC, de Oliveira Pereira R, Leão MMD, Amorim CC. Oxidation of ethylenethiourea in water via ozone enhanced by UV-C: identification of transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4498-4509. [PMID: 29943251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a toxic degradation product of one class of fungicide which is largely employed in the world, the ethylenebisdithiocarbamates. In this study, ETU was degraded by ozonation enhanced by UV-C light irradiation (O3/UV-C) in aqueous medium. Degradation experiments were conducted at natural pH (6.8) and neutral pH (7.0, buffered). ETU was promptly eliminated from the reactive medium during ozonation in the presence and absence of light. Within the first few minutes of reaction conducted in natural pH, the pH decreased quickly from 6.8 to 3.0. Results show that ETU mineralization occurs only in the reaction conducted in neutral pH and that it takes place in a higher rate when enhanced by UV-C irradiation. Main intermediates formed during the O3/UV-C experiments in different conditions tested were also investigated and three different degradation mechanisms were proposed considering the occurrence of direct and indirect ozone reactions. At pH 7, ethylene urea (EU) was quickly generated and degraded. Meanwhile, at natural pH, besides EU, other compounds originated from the electrophilic attack of ozone to the sulfur atom present in the contaminant molecule were also identified during reaction and EU was detected within 60 min of reaction. Results showed that ozonation enhanced by UV-C promotes a faster reaction than the same system in the absence of light, and investigation of the toxicity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen C Bottrel
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. José Loureço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Pedro C Pereira
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Renata de Oliveira Pereira
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Av. José Loureço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mônica M D Leão
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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A Toxicogenomic Approach Reveals a Novel Gene Regulatory Network Active in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Thyroid Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010122. [PMID: 30621213 PMCID: PMC6338918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies emphasize the link between environmental chemicals exposure and thyroid cancer. However, this association is strongly debated and the mechanisms of action of environmental thyroid carcinogens still need to be identified. The analysis of in vitro transcriptomic data developed to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos on immortalized thyrocytes highlighted the impaired expression of genes involved in endodermal carcinogenesis. This endodermal carcinogenic gene-network (ECGN, including Zfp36l2, Dmbt1, Ddit4), was validated in cellular and mouse models of thyroid carcinogenesis, characterized by the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and in immortalized thyrocytes exposed to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The mRNA levels of Zfp36l2, Dmbt1 and Ddit4 were increased in models characterized by MAPK activation or following TCDD exposure, whereas they were inhibited by CPF exposure. Overall, the ECGN transcripts identify a novel gene-regulatory network associated with thyroid carcinogenesis promoted by genetic mutation or by environmental carcinogens. The latter have opposite effects on the modulation of the ECGN transcripts according to their mechanisms of action in promoting carcinogenesis. Therefore, the analyses of ECGN might be helpful in discriminating compounds that promote cellular survival associated or not to proliferation of thyrocytes.
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Cuomo D, Porreca I, Ceccarelli M, Threadgill DW, Barrington WT, Petriella A, D'Angelo F, Cobellis G, De Stefano F, D'Agostino MN, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Transcriptional landscape of mouse-aged ovaries reveals a unique set of non-coding RNAs associated with physiological and environmental ovarian dysfunctions. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:112. [PMID: 30534420 PMCID: PMC6281605 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive and physiological decline in ovarian function depends on the rate of follicular loss by atresia, contributing to the reduction in ovarian reserve. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles in ovarian senescence and in the onset of ovarian dysfunctions such as diminished ovarian reserve. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ovarian aging and their regulation by genetic and environmental factors is needed to evaluate ovarian reserve and to predict fertility potential by identification of more accurate and less invasive markers. We report transcriptomic data (i) implicating novel (e.g. EIF2 signalling) and well-known pathways (e.g. TGFβ signalling), and (ii) defining a unique set of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), both associated with ovarian function. The latter includes miRNAs (e.g. Mir143 and Mir145), snoRNAs (e.g. Snord16a and Snora34), and one lncRNA (Gas5), which are differentially expressed in middle-aged ovaries (12 months) vs young-aged (3 months) from CD1 mice. Experimental analysis confirms that ovary lifespan varies across genetic backgrounds in mice and, genetics influences the response to environmental perturbations such as diet. Moreover, the identified ncRNAs were verified in a model of reproductive dysfunction promoted by the environmental toxicant ethylenthiourea. We also report the increase of miRNA143 and miRNA145 in follicular fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve. Their levels inversely correlate with the hormonal profile and with the number of the oocytes recruited upon hormonal stimulation. Overall, we report a transcriptomic signature for ovarian dysfunction in vivo that provides a valuable resource for translational research in human reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Cuomo
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | | | - Michele Ceccarelli
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy
| | - David W Threadgill
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.,4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - William T Barrington
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Annacristina Petriella
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- 3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Stefano
- Department of Children and Women Health, Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, A.O.R.N. S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria N D'Agostino
- Department of Children and Women Health, Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, A.O.R.N. S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- 7Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- 7Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- 1Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.,3IRGS, Biogem, Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Via Pansini 6, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:279-288. [PMID: 26535888 DOI: 10.1159/000441496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) are a heterogeneous group of chemicals including persistent contaminants, pesticides, as well as compounds present in consumer products and natural substances. For most ED, the food chain is a current major exposure route for the general population. ED can enter the food chain through the living environment (e.g., feeds, fertilizers) of food-producing organisms, be directly employed in food production (e.g., pesticides) or be released from food contact materials (such as bisphenol A or phthalates); in addition, the endocrine disruption potential of some natural compounds in edible plants, including the so-called phytoestrogens, should not be overlooked. An exposure assessment has to consider the specific liability of food commodities to contamination with specific ED (e.g., polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals in lipid-rich foods). The paper discusses the main toxicological research issues in order to support the risk assessment of ED in food chains, including: the potential for additive, 'cocktail' effects (as from multiple pesticide residues); the long-term effects on target body systems (e.g., reproductive, nervous) elicited by exposure during prenatal as well as postnatal life stage windows, and toxicant/nutrient interactions (e.g., thyroid-targeting ED and iodine status). Food safety systems should exploit the available knowledge to improve prevention of long-term risks along the whole food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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19
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Mutic AD, Baker BJ, McCauley LA. Deleterious Effects From Occupational Exposure to Ethylene Thiourea in Pregnant Women. Workplace Health Saf 2017; 65:595-602. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079916687312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become common as a result of widespread application of these chemicals to the food supply, environmental contamination, and occupational exposures (Caserta et al., 2011). However, relatively little is known about the effects of EDCs such as ethylene thiourea (ETU) in developing fetuses and the lasting implications of this disruption on human development from birth through adulthood. Of highest concern are chronic, low-dose exposures among industrial and agricultural workers. Current knowledge regarding the significance of endocrine thyroid signaling on normal human development raises serious concerns about the possible deleterious effects of EDCs in the developing fetus, children, and mature adults. Occupational health nurses are critical in identifying women and families at increased risk of ETU exposure and mitigating early exposures in pregnancy.
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20
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Dong H, Wade MG. Application of a nonradioactive assay for high throughput screening for inhibition of thyroid hormone uptake via the transmembrane transporter MCT8. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Medda E, Santini F, De Angelis S, Franzellin F, Fiumalbi C, Perico A, Gilardi E, Mechi MT, Marsili A, Citroni A, Leandri A, Mantovani A, Vitti P, Olivieri A. Iodine nutritional status and thyroid effects of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:152-159. [PMID: 28073049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Italy is still characterized by a mild iodine deficiency and is among the most intensive users of chemical products for agriculture in Europe. The aim of this study was i) to evaluate thyroid effects of exposure to mancozeb, a fungicide widely used in agriculture, in a sample of Italian grapevine workers, and ii) to verify whether the iodine intake may modulate the risk of thyroid disruption due to the mancozeb metabolite ethylenthiourea (ETU). METHODS One hundred seventy-seven occupationally exposed male workers (29 from Chianti, a mild iodine deficient area, and 148 from Bolzano an iodine sufficient province) and 74 non-occupationally exposed male controls (34 from Chianti and 40 from Bolzano) were enrolled in the study. Serum biomarkers of thyroid function, as well as urinary iodine and ETU concentrations were assessed. Moreover all the recruited subjects underwent clinical examination and thyroid ultrasound. RESULTS Multivariate comparisons showed lower mean serum levels of FT4 in Chianti-workers as compared to Bolzano-workers. Moreover, an increased urinary iodine excretion (>250µg/L) was more frequently found among more exposed workers (ETU>20µg/L) than among less exposed ones and this effect was more pronounced in Chianti- than in Bolzano-workers. Chianti-workers also showed a significantly higher frequency of very low thyroid volume (≤6.0ml) as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed a mild thyroid disrupting effect due to occupational exposure to mancozeb, more pronounced in workers residing in an area characterized by a mild to moderate iodine deficiency as compared to workers residing in an area covered by a long-lasting iodine prophylaxis program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Medda
- National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona De Angelis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Enzo Gilardi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marsili
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Olivieri
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Marcoccia D, Pellegrini M, Fiocchetti M, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. Food components and contaminants as (anti)androgenic molecules. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:6. [PMID: 28239427 PMCID: PMC5312591 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Androgens, the main male sex steroids, are the critical factors responsible for the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and for the achievement of sexual maturation and puberty. In adulthood, androgens remain essential for the maintenance of male reproductive function and behavior. Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), regulate male sexual differentiation during development, sperm production beginning from puberty, and maintenance of prostate homeostasis. Several substances present in the environment, now classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), strongly interfere with androgen actions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. EDCs are a heterogeneous group of xenobiotics which include synthetic chemicals used as industrial solvents/lubricants, plasticizers, additives, agrochemicals, pharmaceutical agents, and polyphenols of plant origin. These compounds are even present in the food as components (polyphenols) or food/water contaminants (pesticides, plasticizers used as food packaging) rendering the diet as the main route of exposure to EDCs for humans. Although huge amount of literature reports the (anti)estrogenic effects of different EDCs, relatively scarce information is available on the (anti)androgenic effects of EDCs. Here, the effects and mechanism of action of phytochemicals and pesticides and plasticizers as possible modulators of AR activities will be reviewed taking into account that insight derived from principles of endocrinology are required to estimate EDC consequences on endocrine deregulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Marcoccia
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
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23
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Porreca I, D’Angelo F, De Franceschi L, Mattè A, Ceccarelli M, Iolascon A, Zamò A, Russo F, Ravo M, Tarallo R, Scarfò M, Weisz A, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Pesticide toxicogenomics across scales: in vitro transcriptome predicts mechanisms and outcomes of exposure in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38131. [PMID: 27905518 PMCID: PMC5131489 DOI: 10.1038/srep38131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro Omics analysis (i.e. transcriptome) is suggested to predict in vivo toxicity and adverse effects in humans, although the causal link between high-throughput data and effects in vivo is not easily established. Indeed, the chemical-organism interaction can involve processes, such as adaptation, not established in cell cultures. Starting from this consideration we investigate the transcriptomic response of immortalized thyrocytes to ethylenthiourea and chlorpyrifos. In vitro data revealed specific and common genes/mechanisms of toxicity, controlling the proliferation/survival of the thyrocytes and unrelated hematopoietic cell lineages. These results were phenotypically confirmed in vivo by the reduction of circulating T4 hormone and the development of pancytopenia after long exposure. Our data imply that in vitro toxicogenomics is a powerful tool in predicting adverse effects in vivo, experimentally confirming the vision described as Tox21c (Toxicity Testing in the 21st century) although not fully recapitulating the biocomplexity of a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio D’Angelo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattè
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Filomena Russo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marzia Scarfò
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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24
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Del Pup L, Mantovani A, Luce A, Cavaliere C, Facchini G, Di Francia R, Caraglia M, Berretta M. Endocrine disruptors and female cancer: Informing the patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3-11. [PMID: 25998096 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollutants altering the endocrine system, known as endocrine disruptors (ED), may modify the risk of female cancers. The carcinogenic effect of ED on humans has been confirmed by experimental studies for various substances including pesticides, DDT, dioxins, phthalates, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, as well as heavy metals, but it is difficult to quantify precisely for several reasons hereby reviewed. Carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial mechanism that manifests itself over a long period of time, making difficult the detection of the specific contribution of the pollutants, whose absorbed dose is often unknown. The combined effect of various substances leads to complex interactions whose outcome is difficult to predict. These substances may accumulate and carry out their harmful effect on critical periods of life, probably also at doses considered harmless to an adult. ED can also have epigenetic adverse effects on the health of future generations. In conclusion, the carcinogenic effects of endocrine disruptors on female cancer types is plausible although additional studies are needed to clarify their mechanisms and entities. In the last part of the review we suggest ways to reduce ED exposure as it is mandatory to implement necessary measures to limit exposure, particularly during those periods of life most vulnerable to the impact of oncogenic environmental causes, such as the embryonic period and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Del Pup
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
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25
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Pandey SP, Mohanty B. The neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid and the dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb disrupt the pituitary-thyroid axis of a wildlife bird. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 122:227-234. [PMID: 25496744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid is an important homeostatic regulator of metabolic activities as well as endocrine mechanisms including those of reproduction. Present investigation elucidated the thyroid disrupting potential of a neonicotinoid imidacloprid and a dithiocarbamate mancozeb in a seasonally breeding wildlife bird, Red Munia (Amandava amandava) who is vulnerable to these two pesticides through diet (seed grains and small insects). Adult male birds were exposed to 0.5% LD50 mgkg(-1)bwd(-1) of both the pesticides through food for 30days during the preparatory and breeding phases. Weight, volume and histopathology of thyroid gland were distinctly altered. Disruption of thyroid follicles reflected in nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio (N/C) in epithelial and stromal cells, epithelial cell hypertrophy and altered colloid volume. Impairment of thyroid axis was pesticide and phase specific as evident from the plasma levels of thyroid (T4 and T3) and pituitary (TSH) hormones. In preparatory phase, plasma TSH was increased in response to decrease of T4 on mancozeb exposure showing responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis to feedback regulation. On imidacloprid exposure, however, plasma levels of both T4 and TSH were decreased indicating non-functioning of negative feedback mechanism. Increased plasma T3 in response to both the pesticides exposure might be due to synthesis from non-thyroidal source(s) in a compensatory response to decrease level of T4. In breeding phase, impairment of HPT axis was more pronounced as plasma T4, T3 and TSH were significantly decreased in response to both mancozeb and imidacloprid. Thus, low dose pesticide exposure could affect the thyroid homeostasis and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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