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Wojdasiewicz P, Brodacki S, Cieślicka E, Turczyn P, Poniatowski ŁA, Ławniczak W, Olczak M, Stolarczyk EU, Wróbel E, Mikulska A, Lach-Gruba A, Żuk B, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Szukiewicz D. Salidroside: A Promising Agent in Bone Metabolism Modulation. Nutrients 2024; 16:2387. [PMID: 39125268 PMCID: PMC11314424 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea, a long-lived herbaceous plant from the Crassulaceae group, contains the active compound salidroside, recognized as an adaptogen with significant therapeutic potential for bone metabolism. Salidroside promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating critical signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, essential for bone formation and growth. It enhances osteogenic activity by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization markers, while upregulating key regulatory proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix. Additionally, salidroside facilitates angiogenesis via the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, crucial for coupling bone development with vascular support. Its antioxidant properties offer protection against bone loss by reducing oxidative stress and promoting osteogenic differentiation through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. Salidroside has the capability to counteract the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone cells and prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Additionally, it exhibits multifaceted anti-inflammatory actions, notably through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression, while enhancing the expression of interleukin-10. This publication presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of salidroside on various aspects of bone tissue metabolism, emphasizing its potential role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases affecting bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stanisław Brodacki
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Ewa Cieślicka
- Department of Rehabilitation, St. Anna’s Trauma Surgery Hospital, Mazovian Rehabilitation Center—STOCER, Barska 16/20, 02-315 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Paweł Turczyn
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz A. Poniatowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036 Neubrandenburg, Germany;
| | - Weronika Ławniczak
- Health Department, Institute of Health Holispace, ul. Św. Wincentego 93/5, 03-291 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta U. Stolarczyk
- Spectrometric Methods Department, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Edyta Wróbel
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Mikulska
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Anna Lach-Gruba
- Department of Rehabilitation, St. Anna’s Trauma Surgery Hospital, Mazovian Rehabilitation Center—STOCER, Barska 16/20, 02-315 Warsaw, Poland; (E.C.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Beata Żuk
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (P.W.); (S.B.); (E.W.); (A.M.); (B.Ż.); (K.R.-P.)
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Jethwa JT. Alternative Medical Therapy. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:245-259. [PMID: 38107794 PMCID: PMC10721595 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Complementary/alternative medicine" (CAM) is defined as a diverse range of medical treatments, largely non-allopathic, mostly traditional, and not integrated into the authoritarian healthcare system. Interestingly for some schools, allopathy is alternative/complementary therapy. Osteoporosis is an ever-known disease treated before the era of allopathic medicine. Even though the customary medical system of India is among the most well-known in the world, every continent has its own alternative therapies for various chronic diseases. Purpose This review of the scientific information is to help the readers understand how crucial the conceptual underpinnings of alternative medical therapy systems are to the advancement of conventional allopathic practices. Method Many older and recent articles about alternative medical therapy in the management of osteoporosis published in scientific journals are reviewed. Relevant information from cross-references on methods of evaluating the efficacy of different modalities and their scientific pathways is included. An effort has been made to summarise the treatment of osteoporosis by these systems. Opinions, impressions, and inferences are added while describing various aspects of these modalities. Result The National Library of Medicine has played an active role in publishing studies of the management of osteoporosis by alternative therapies. Many issues of management of osteoporosis still lack reliable treatment. However, good information is now available about choosing alternate medical therapy that has been studied scientifically and has shown promising results. Conclusion Medicinal plants and certain natural treatments can treat osteoporosis and its problems. The use of alternate medical therapy has been proven recently by clinical practice and conventional wisdom. This sharing may help the medical practitioner to understand and judiciously allow complementary therapy while treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Tulsidas Jethwa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Narendra Modi Medical College, Nr. Rambaug, Opp. Fire Station, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, 380 008 India
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110540. [PMID: 37169278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of Rhodiola rosea extracts and one of its major constituents, Salidroside, were evaluated for their capacity to induce hormesis/hormetic effects. The findings indicate that the Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside commonly induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of biological models, cell types and across a broad range of endpoints, with particular emphasis on longevity and neuroprotective endpoints. This paper represents the first integrative documentation and assessment of Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside induction of hormetic effects. These findings have important biomedical applications and should have an important impact with respect to critical study design, dose selection and other experimental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Fu S, Yan M, Fan Q, Xu J. Salidroside promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via the activation of AMPK to inhibit bone resorption of knee osteoarthritis mice. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peng Z, Xu R, You Q. Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Bone Regeneration and Osteoporosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911326. [PMID: 35711635 PMCID: PMC9194098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is a systematic bone disability marked by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural degeneration of osseous cells, which leads to increased bones feebleness and fractures vulnerability. It is a polygenetic, physiological bone deformity that frequently leads to osteoporotic fractures and raises the risk of fractures in minimal trauma. Additionally, the molecular changes that cause osteoporosis are linked to decreased fracture repair and delayed bone regeneration. Bones have the ability to regenerate as part of the healing mechanism after an accident or trauma, including musculoskeletal growth and ongoing remodeling throughout adulthood. The principal treatment approaches for bone loss illnesses, such as osteoporosis, are hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates. In this review, we searched literature regarding the Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in osteoporosis and bone regeneration. The literature results are summarized in this review for osteoporosis and bone regeneration. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have grown in popularity as a result of its success in curing ailments while causing minimal adverse effects. Natural Chinese medicine has already been utilized to cure various types of orthopedic illnesses, notably osteoporosis, bone fractures and rheumatism with great success. TCM is a discipline of conventional remedy that encompasses herbal medication, massage (tui na), acupuncture, food, and exercise (qigong) therapy. It is based on more than 2,500 years of Chinese healthcare profession. This article serves as a comprehensive review summarizing the osteoporosis, bone regeneration and the traditional Chinese medicines used since ancient times for the management of osteoporosis and bone regeneration.
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Chen P, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Rong M. Impact of High-Altitude Hypoxia on Bone Defect Repair: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:842800. [PMID: 35620712 PMCID: PMC9127390 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching areas at altitudes over 2,500–3,000 m above sea level has become increasingly common due to commerce, military deployment, tourism, and entertainment. The high-altitude environment exerts systemic effects on humans that represent a series of compensatory reactions and affects the activity of bone cells. Cellular structures closely related to oxygen-sensing produce corresponding functional changes, resulting in decreased tissue vascularization, declined repair ability of bone defects, and longer healing time. This review focuses on the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on bone defect repair and discusses the possible mechanisms related to ion channels, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and epigenetics. Based on the key pathogenic mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies have also been suggested. This review contributes novel insights into the mechanisms of abnormal bone defect repair in hypoxic environments, along with therapeutic applications. We aim to provide a foundation for future targeted, personalized, and precise bone regeneration therapies according to the adaptation of patients to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang YF, Chang YY, Zhang XM, Gao MT, Zhang QL, Li X, Zhang L, Yao WF. Salidroside protects against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis via Nrf2 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154020. [PMID: 35278902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized as low bone mass, bone microarchitecture breakdown and bone fragility. The increase of oxidative stress could lead to breakdown in the balance of bone formation and resorption which gives rise to OP. Nrf2 is a transcription factor which takes part in oxidative stress and recently was reported that it can regulate the occurrence of OP. Salidroside (SAL) with the efficacies of anti-oxidation, anti-aging and bone-protection is one of the active ingredients in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the potential mechanism of SAL preventing OP development from the perspective of oxidative stress intervention. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanisms of SAL on OP. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS A tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress model was applied for investigating the effects of SAL in vitro, and an ovariectomized (OVX) model was used for in vivo study on the effect of SAL for OP. Related pharmacodynamic actions and molecular mechanisms of SAL were explored in both rat osteoblasts (ROBs) and OVX rats. Network biology and cell metabolomics were performed for further investigating the correlation and association among potential biomarkers, targets and pathways. RESULTS SAL reduced levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like GPx and SOD, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation in t-BHP-induced ROBs and OVX rats. Mechanistic studies showed SAL prevented OP development and reduced oxidative damage in ROBs and OVX rats through up-regulating Nrf2 expression and facilitating its nuclear translocation. The joint analysis of network biology and cell metabolomics revealed that galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism could be the major influenced pathways following treatment with SAL. CONCLUSION SAL could protect against OP by inhibiting oxidative stress, promoting osteogenesis through the up-regulation of Nrf2 and intervening galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. Our study implied that SAL may be a potential drug to treat OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xue-Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Lan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Pang X, Zhong Z, Jiang F, Yang J, Nie H. Juglans regia L. extract promotes osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through BMP2/Smad/Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:88. [PMID: 35164786 PMCID: PMC8842536 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigates the effects of Juglans regia L. (walnut, JRL) leaves extract on osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Methods hBMSCs were incubated with different concentrations of JRL extract (10, 20, 40, or 80 μM). Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8) assay. ALP activity and Alizarin Red staining were used to assess the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Western blot was performed to measure the levels of proteins. Results Our results showed all concentrations of JRL extract had no significant effect on cell proliferation. JRL extract concentration-dependently promoted osteoblastic differentiation and cell autophagy of hBMSCs, characterized by the increased expression of pro-osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGLAP), osterin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and autophagy marker proteins (LC3II, Beclin-1, and p62). Furthermore, JRL extract stimulated the activation BMP2/Smad/Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in hBMSCs, which play key roles in osteogenesis differentiation. Meanwhile, BMP inhibitor (Noggin) and Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) both reversed the increases of BGLAP, osterin, and OPG expression induced by JRL extract. Conclusions Our findings indicate that JRL extract regulated osteogenic differentiation and cell autophagy of hBMSCs through the BMP2/Smad/Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Wei X, Li J, Liu H, Niu C, Chen D. Salidroside promotes the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the BMP signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:55. [PMID: 34917181 PMCID: PMC8630442 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics, as an alternative approach, aims to regenerate dental pulp-like tissues and is garnering the attention of clinical dentists. This is due to its reported biological benefits for dental therapeutics. Stem cells and their microenvironment serve an important role in the process of pulp regeneration. Regulation of the stem cell microenvironment and the directed differentiation of stem cells is becoming a topic of intensive research. Salidroside (SAL) is extracted from the root of Rhodiola rosea and it has been reported that SAL exerts antiaging, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer effects. However, the ability of SAL to regulate the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effect of SAL on the proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was investigated. This was achieved by performing CCK-8 ARS staining assay, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to detect mRNA of ALP, OSX, RUNX2, OCN, DSPP and BSP, western blotting to detect the protein of MAPK, Smad1/5/8, OSX, RUNX2, BSP and GAPDH and immunofluorescence assays to detect DSPP. The results indicated that SAL promoted the cell viability and the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs whilst increasing the expression of genes associated with osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation by ARS staining assay. In addition, SAL promoted osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation by activating the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAL promoted the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs activating the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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Li C, Fennessy P. The periosteum: a simple tissue with many faces, with special reference to the antler-lineage periostea. Biol Direct 2021; 16:17. [PMID: 34663443 PMCID: PMC8522104 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is a thin membrane covering bone surfaces and consists of two layers: outer fibrous layer and inner cambium layer. Simple appearance of periosteum has belied its own complexity as a composite structure for physical bone protection, mechano-sensor for sensing mechanical loading, reservoir of biochemical molecules for initiating cascade signaling, niche of osteogenic cells for bone formation and repair, and "umbilical cord" for nourishing bone tissue. Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) have stem cell attributes: self-renewal (no signs of senescence until 80 population doublings) and multipotency (differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myocytes). In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about periosteum and with special references to antler-lineage periostea, and demonstrated that although periosteum is a type of simple tissue in appearance, with multiple faces in functions; antler-lineage periostea add another dimension to the properties of somatic periostea: capable of initiation of ectopic organ formation upon transplantation and full mammalian organ regeneration when interacted with the covering skin. Very recently, we have translated this finding into other mammals, i.e. successfully induced partial regeneration of the amputated rat legs. We believe further refinement along this line would greatly benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 1345 Pudong Rd., Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
| | - Peter Fennessy
- AbacusBio Limited, 442 Moray Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:456. [PMID: 34271966 PMCID: PMC8283984 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone disease causes short-term or long-term physical pain and disability. It is necessary to explore new drug for bone-related disease. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Salidroside in promoting osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). METHODS ADSCs were isolated and treated with different dose of Salidroside. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess the cell viability of ADSCs. Then, ALP and ARS staining were conducted to assess the early and late osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, respectively. Then, differentially expressed genes were obtained by R software. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The expression of OCN, COL1A1, RUNX2, WNT3A, and β-catenin were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Last, β-catenin was silenced by small interfering RNA. RESULTS Salidroside significantly increased the ADSCs viability at a dose-response manner. Moreover, Salidroside enhanced osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, which are identified by enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. A total of 543 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and Salidroside-treated ADSCs. Among these differentially expressed genes, 345 genes were upregulated and 198 genes were downregulated. Differentially expressed genes enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot assay indicated that Salidroside enhanced the WNT3A and β-catenin expression. Silencing β-catenin partially reversed the promotion effects of Salidroside. PCR and Western blot results further confirmed these results. CONCLUSION Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Zheng T, Wang Q, Bian F, Zhao Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, Lu W, Lei P, Zhang L, Hao X, Chen L. Salidroside alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain through regulation of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 416:115468. [PMID: 33639149 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation leads to diabetic neuropathic pain. We recently showed that salidroside could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes exposed to HG. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of salidroside on diabetic rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Rat models with diabetic neuropathic pain were induced by high-fat diet feeding combined with low dose streptozotocin injections. Doses of salidroside at 50 and 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 were administered by gavage to diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Mechanical allodynia test, thermal hyperalgesia test and biochemical analysis were performed to evaluate therapeutic effects. Primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells exposed to HG at 45 mM were used to further study the effects of salidroside on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-NLRP3 inflammasome axis and insulin sensitivity in vitro. Salidroside administration improved hyperglycemia, ameliorated insulin resistance, and alleviated neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. Moreover, salidroside induced AMPK activation and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the DRGs of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside treatment relieved oxidative stress, improved insulin sensitivity and regulated the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in HG-treated DRGs in vitro. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition in vivo or AMPK silencing in vitro abolished the beneficial effects of salidroside on diabetic neuropathic pain. Together, these results indicate that salidroside alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain through its regulation of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in DRGs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetic Neuropathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/prevention & control
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/enzymology
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Neuralgia/enzymology
- Neuralgia/etiology
- Neuralgia/physiopathology
- Neuralgia/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Lei
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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Salidroside: A review of its recent advances in synthetic pathways and pharmacological properties. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 339:109268. [PMID: 33617801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large-scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally-adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging activities, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
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Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Fruits Exert Antiosteoporotic Properties in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells via Regulation of Adipocyte and Osteoblast Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8851884. [PMID: 33628272 PMCID: PMC7899768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8851884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum japonicum fruits have been used as a part of traditional medicinal practices and supplements in Korea and Japan. It has been reported to possess various bioactivities, but its antiosteoporotic potential and active substances have not been reported yet. The present study followed an ALP activity and lipid accumulation-guided screening of L. japonicum fruits for antiosteoporotic compounds and isolated salidroside as an active compound. Antiosteoporotic effects of L. japonicum fruits and salidroside were examined in mesenchymal stromal cells by their ability to enhance osteoblast formation by increased ALP activity and osteogenic marker gene expression while suppressing adipogenesis by inhibition of lipid accumulation and adipocyte marker gene expressions. Results showed that salidroside was able to enhance osteoblast differentiation via Wnt/BMP signaling pathway overactivation and suppress the PPARγ-mediated adipocyte differentiation, both through the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, L. japonicum fruits were suggested to possess antiosteoporotic activities and to be a source of antiosteoporotic substances such as salidroside.
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15
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V. E, Krishnan K, Bhattacharyya A, R. S. Advances in Ayurvedic medicinal plants and nanocarriers for arthritis treatment and management: A review. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Magani SKJ, Mupparthi SD, Gollapalli BP, Shukla D, Tiwari AK, Gorantala J, Yarla NS, Tantravahi S. Salidroside - Can it be a Multifunctional Drug? Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:512-524. [PMID: 32520682 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200610172105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside is a glucoside of tyrosol found mostly in the roots of Rhodiola spp. It exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological properties. In the last decade, enormous research is conducted to explore the medicinal properties of salidroside; this research reported many activities like anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. Objective: Despite its multiple pharmacological effects, a comprehensive review detailing its metabolism and therapeutic activities is still missing. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolism of salidroside, its role in alleviating different metabolic disorders, diseases and its molecular interaction with the target molecules in different conditions. This review mostly concentrates on the metabolism, biological activities and molecular pathways related to various pharmacological activities of salidroside. CONCLUSION Salidroside is produced by a three-step pathway in the plants with tyrosol as an intermediate molecule. The molecule is biotransformed into many metabolites through phase I and II pathways. These metabolites, together with a certain amount of salidroside may be responsible for various pharmacological functions. The salidroside based inhibition of PI3k/AKT, JAK/ STAT, and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of apoptosis and autophagy are the major reasons for its anti-cancer activity. AMPK pathway modulation plays a significant role in its anti-diabetic activity. The neuroprotective activity was linked with decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, decreased inflammation through suppression of NF-κB pathway and PI3K/AKT pathways. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of salidroside as a multi-functional drug for various diseases and disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Bhanvar Singh Porte Government College, Pendra Bilaspur, India
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17
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Liu H, Guo Y, Zhu R, Wang L, Chen B, Tian Y, Li R, Ma R, Jia Q, Zhang H, Xia B, Li Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Zhang R, Brӧmme D, Gao S, Zhang D, Pei X. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
preserves bone quality through induction of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats. Phytother Res 2020; 35:424-441. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Lili Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Bingke Xia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
- Sino‐Canada Anti‐Fibrosis Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Dieter Brӧmme
- Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
- Sino‐Canada Anti‐Fibrosis Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Xiaohua Pei
- The Fangshan Hospital of BUCM Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
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18
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Effect of Active Ingredients of Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Rejuvenation of Healthy Aging: Focus on Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7307026. [PMID: 32724327 PMCID: PMC7366228 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7307026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are special types of cells with the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. As the organism ages, the ability to maintain homeostasis and regeneration deteriorates and the number and activity of stem cells decline. Theoretically, the restoration of stem cells might reverse aging. However, due to their own aging, donor-derived immune rejection, and difficulties in stem cell differentiation control, a series of problems need to be solved to realize the potential for clinical application of stem cells. Chinese herbal medicine is a nature drug library which is suitable for the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that many active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines with the effect of promoting stem cells growth and differentiation mainly belong to “reinforcing herbs.” In recent years, exploration of natural active ingredients from Chinese herbal medicines for delaying aging, improving the stem cell microenvironment, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous stem cells has attracted substantial attention. This article will focus on active ingredients from Chinese herbs-mediated differentiation of stem cells into particular cell type, like neural cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and osteoblasts. We will also discuss the effects of these small molecules on Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, eNOS-cGMP, and MAP kinase signal transduction pathways, as well as reveal the role of estrogen receptor α and PPAR γ on selectively promoting or inhibiting stem cells differentiation. This review will provide new insights into the health aging strategies of active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine in regenerative medicine.
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Beneficial Effects of Rhodiola and Salidroside in Diabetes: Potential Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:489-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu M, Zhang J, Liu W, Wang W. Salidroside protects ATDC5 cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury through up-regulation of microRNA-145 in osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:441-448. [PMID: 30586667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of degenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage. Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea L., which exhibits diverse pharmacological effects in different diseases. However, the effects of SAL on OA remain largely unclear. The study aimed to investigate the roles of SAL in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in murine ATDC5 chondrocyte cells. METHODS LPS induced ATDC5 cell injury model was constructed by determining cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-associated factors as well as inflammatory cytokines expressions and concentrations. Then, the various concentrations of SAL were used to treat ATDC5 cells, and the effect of SAL on LPS-induce inflammatory injury was detected. After treatment with SAL, the expression level of miR-145 was measured by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, miR-145 inhibitor and corresponding control were transfected into ATDC5 cells to explore the influences of miR-145 in LPS-induce inflammatory injury. Besides, the key signaling pathways of NF-κB and p38MAPK were analyzed by using western blot. RESULTS LPS inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis, activated cleaved-caspase-3/-9 expression, as well as increased IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α expressions and secretions in ATDC5 cells. SAL significantly alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-145 was up-regulated by SAL. The protective effect of SAL on LPS-induced injury was obviously reversed by miR-145 inhibition. Furthermore, SAL inactivated NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling pathways by regulating miR-145. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that SAL could protect ATDC5 cells against LPS-induced injury via up-regulation of miR-145 in ATDC5 chondrocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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Yang L, Liu S, Mu S, Man X, Ba G, Guo R, Li Y, Zhou L, Yang L, Fu Q. Leonurine hydrochloride promotes osteogenic differentiation and increases osteoblastic bone formation in ovariectomized mice by Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:941-948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang P, Li W, Wang L, Liu H, Gong J, Wang F, Chen X. Salidroside Inhibits Myogenesis by Modulating p-Smad3-Induced Myf5 Transcription. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:209. [PMID: 29593538 PMCID: PMC5858519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Salidroside is an active compound extracted from Rhodiola rosea which is used to alleviate fatigue and enhance endurance in high altitude regions. Some studies have demonstrated that salidroside can affect precursor cell differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells, erythrocytes, and osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salidroside on myoblast differentiation and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of this effect. Methods: C2C12 myoblast cells were treated with different concentrations of salidroside in differentiation media. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay were employed to evaluate the effects of salidroside on C2C12 differentiation. RNA interference was used to reveal the important role of Myf5 in myogenesis inhibited by salidroside. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay were utilized to explore the underlying mechanisms of salidroside-induced upregulation of Myf5. Results: We found that salidroside inhibits myogenesis by downregulating MyoD and myogenin, preserves undifferentiated reserve cell pools by upregulating Myf5. Knocking down Myf5 expression significantly rescued the myogenesis inhibited by salidroside. The effect of salidroside on myogenesis was associated with increased phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3). Both SIS3 (Specific inhibitor of p-Smad3) and dominant negative Smad3 plasmid (DN-Smad3) attenuated the inhibitory effect of salidroside on C2C12 differentiation. Moreover, the induction of Myf5 transcription by salidroside was dependent on a Smad-binding site in the promoter region of Myf5 gene. Conclusion and Implications: Our findings identify a novel role and mechanism for salidroside in regulating myogenesis through p-Smad3-induced Myf5 transcription, which may have implications for its further application in combating degenerative muscular diseases caused by depletion of muscle stem cells, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy or sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Chen XF, Li XL, Yang M, Song Y, Zhang Y. Osteoprotective effects of salidroside in ovariectomized mice and diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:281-288. [PMID: 29242120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, an active constituent from the root of Rhodiola rosea L., has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, etc. However, its protective effect on bone tissue via regulating calcium homeostasis is yet to be determined. This study was performed to investigate if salidroside could protect against bone injuries induced by estrogen deficiency or hyperglycemia through modulating calcium homeostasis. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice and diabetic mice were treated with salidroside (20mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Safranin O staining and micro-CT were performed on the distal metaphysis of femur. The calcium content in serum, urine and femur was measured, and the mRNA and protein expressions of regulators in kidney were determined by PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Treatment with salidroside increased bone calcium level and decreased urinary calcium excretion, consequently attenuating the deteriorations of trabecular bone in both OVX mice and diabetic mice. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24 hydroxylase expression was down-regulated and vitamin D receptor expression was up-regulated in kidney of both OVX mice and diabetic mice upon to salidroside treatment, which also inhibited the ovariectomy-induced decrease in expression of renal transcellular calcium transporters and the diabetes-induced enhancement in renal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression. Taken together, salidroside exerted osteoprotective effects by improving calcium homeostasis via regulating vitamin D metabolism and transcellular calcium transporters as well as modulating CaSR expression in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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Wang L, Lu WG, Shi J, Zhang HY, Xu XL, Gao B, Huang Q, Li XJ, Hu YQ, Jie Q, Luo ZJ, Yang L. Anti‑osteoporotic effects of tetramethylpyrazine via promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8307-8314. [PMID: 28983593 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long‑term glucocorticoid therapy results in various side effects, including a high incidence of glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis (GIOP), which is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. Excess glucocorticoids reduce the viability of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and prolong osteoclast survival. These two types of cell are essential in the balance between bone formation and resorption. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the pharmacologically active component extracted from Chuanxiong, has been reported to protect BMSCs from glucocorticoid‑induced apoptosis. In the present study, the protective effects of TMP on BMSC differentiation and osteoclasts maturation in GIOP were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The immunostaining of osterix (OSX) and tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining indicated that TMP promoted osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a rat model of GIOP. Treatment with 10‑6 M dexamethasone (Dex) significantly inhibited BMSC differentiation and increased TRAP‑positive cells in vitro. However, different concentrations of TMP (50, 100 and 200 µM) ameliorated the negative effects of Dex by promoting the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the calcium mineralization of BMSCs following osteogenic induction, which increased the expression levels of osteogenic genes, including ALP, collagen type I α1, osteocalcin and OSX, and decreased osteoclastogenesis‑related genes, including TRAP, nuclear factor of T‑cells cytoplasmic 1 and cathepsin K. In addition, it was found that the inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand and intereleukin‑6 in BMSCs may be a possible mechanism for the protective effects of TMP against glucocorticoid‑induced osteoclastogenesis. These results are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that TMP promotes BMSC differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis to ameliorate bone mass change in GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Hu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Jie
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Small molecule T63 suppresses osteoporosis by modulating osteoblast differentiation via BMP and WNT signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10397. [PMID: 28871136 PMCID: PMC5583318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis results from the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, and restoring the normal balance of bone remodeling is highly desirable for identification of better treatment. In this study, using a cell-based high-throughput screening model representing Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) transcriptional activity, we identified a novel small-molecular-weight compound, T63, as an efficient up-regulator of osteogenesis. T63 increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) activity and mineralization as well as gene expression of Alpl and other osteogenic marker genes in mouse osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. Upon induction of osteoblast differentiation, T63 inhibited adipogenic differentiation in the pluripotent mesenchymal cells. Consistently, T63 up-regulated RUNX2 mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of RUNX2 reduced the osteogenic role of T63. Mechanistically, T63 activated both BMPs and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Inhibition of either signaling pathway with specific inhibitor suppressed T63-induced RUNX2 expression and the osteogenic phenotypes. Moreover, T63 markedly protected against bone mass loss in the ovariectomized and dexamethasone treated rat osteoporosis model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that T63 could be a promising drug candidate and deserves further development for potential therapeutics in osteoporosis.
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Zhao XL, Chen LF, Wang Z. Aesculin modulates bone metabolism by suppressing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and transduction signals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:15-21. [PMID: 28465233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aesculin (AES), a coumarin compound derived from Aesculus hippocasanum L, is reported to exert protective role against inflammatory diseases, gastric disease and cancer. However, direct effect of AES in bone metabolism is deficient. In this study, we examined the effects of AES on osteoclast (OC) differentiation in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW264.7 cells. AES inhibits the OC differentiation in both dose- and time-dependent manner within non-toxic concentrations, as analyzed by Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The actin ring formation manifesting OC function is also decreased by AES. Moreover, expressions of osteoclastogenesis related genes Trap, Atp6v0d2, Cathepsin K and Mmp-9 are decreased upon AES treatment. Mechanistically, AES attenuates the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB activity upon RANKL induction, thus leading to the reduction of Nfatc1 mRNA expression. Moreover, AES inhibits Rank expression, and RANK overexpression markedly decreases AES's effect on OC differentiation and NF-κB activity. Consistently, AES protects against bone mass loss in the ovariectomized and dexamethasone treated rat osteoporosis model. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AES can modulate bone metabolism by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and related transduction signals. AES therefore could be a promising agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Guo XQ, Qi L, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Li ZM, Li L, Qu Y, Wang D, Han ZM. Salidroside accelerates fracture healing through cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects on osteoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:197-211. [PMID: 27942852 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL), a major active component of Rhodiola rosea L., exhibits diverse pharmacological effects. However, the direct roles of SAL in fracture healing remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SAL significantly promotes proliferation by altering the cell-cycle distribution of osteoblastic cells. SAL also greatly stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization by inducing the expression of Runx2 and Osterix. In addition to its osteoblast-autonomous effects, SAL can activate the HIF-1α pathway coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis through cell-non-autonomous effects. Our in vitro results suggest that SAL significantly up-regulates HIF-1α expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α and the HIF-responsive gene VEGF increase following SAL treatment. Our mechanistic study revealed that the regulation of osteoblastic proliferation and HIF-1α expression partly involves MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling. Our in vivo analysis also demonstrated that SAL can promote angiogenesis within the callus and accelerate fracture healing. Thus, SAL promotes skeletal regeneration in cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous ways and might be a potential therapy for accelerating fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Min Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Min Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Sha NN, Zhao YJ, Zhao DF, Mok DKW, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Effect of the water fraction isolated from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract on bone metabolismviaantagonizing a calcium-sensing receptor in experimental type 1 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 29165475 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotective effects of FLL water fraction by potentially regulating vitamin D metabolism and calcium transporters as well as CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dong-Feng Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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An J, Yang H, Zhang Q, Liu C, Zhao J, Zhang L, Chen B. Natural products for treatment of osteoporosis: The effects and mechanisms on promoting osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Life Sci 2016; 147:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Indran IR, Liang RLZ, Min TE, Yong EL. Preclinical studies and clinical evaluation of compounds from the genus Epimedium for osteoporosis and bone health. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:188-205. [PMID: 26820757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality associated with fractures due to osteoporosis or "porous bone" contributes significantly to global healthcare costs and will increase exponentially with ageing populations. In menopausal women, the onset of menopause and rapid estrogen withdrawal leads to osteoporotic fractures. Healthy bone requires the coordinated remodeling function of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in the basic bone multicellular unit, regulated by estrogen, RANKL/OPG, ROS, growth factors, and other kinase signaling pathways. Anti-osteoporotic drugs in current use such as hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and bisphosphonates are designed to target these pathways, but all have their limitations. Extracts of the dried aerial parts of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Epimedium (Berberidaceae) has long been used for bone health. Some nine Epimedium prenylflavonoid compounds have been reported to target estrogen signaling and other bone morphogenesis pathways in mesenchymal stem cell, osteoblast, and osteoclast cell lineages. Epimedium prenylflavonoids and enriched extracts can exert beneficial effects on bone health in estrogen-deficient and other osteoporosis animal models. The development of sensitive and rapid mass chromatographic techniques to quantify compounds extracted from Epimedium, including icariin and icaritin, has been used to standardize production and to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Epimedium in animal models and humans. Recent clinical trials have reported positive effects on bone health, suggesting that compounds or extracts of Epimedium have the potential to be developed as agents, alone or in combination with other drugs, to prevent or delay the onset of osteoporosis and reduce the risk of hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inthrani Raja Indran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan Lim Zhen Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Ee Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Jian J, Sun L, Cheng X, Hu X, Liang J, Chen Y. Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside stimulates osteoblast differentiation through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:454-60. [PMID: 26579475 PMCID: PMC4629440 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoflavone calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) is a principal constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (AR) and has been reported to inhibit osteoclast development in vitro and bone loss in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effects of CG and its underlying mechanism in ST2 cells. The results show that exposure of cells to CG in osteogenic differentiation medium increases ALP activity, osteocalcin (Ocal) mRNA expression and the osteoblastic mineralization process. Mechanistically, CG treatment increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), p-Smad 1/5/8, β-catenin and Runx2, all of which are regulators of the BMP- or wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin-signaling pathways. Moreover, the osteogenic effects of CG were inhibited by Noggin and DKK-1 which are classical inhibitors of the BMP and WNT/β-catenin-signaling pathways, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that CG promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways. On this basis, CG may be a useful lead compound for improving the treatment of bone-decreasing diseases and enhancing bone regeneration.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AR, Astragalus membranaceus
- BMP signaling pathway
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CG, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside
- Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside
- DKK-1, dickkopf-1
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- HAase, hyaluronidase
- IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- OBM, osteogenic differentiation medium
- OPN, osteopontin
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ocal, osteocalcin
- Osteoblastic differentiation
- PVDF, polyvinylidine fluoride
- ST2 cells
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- WNT, wingless-type MMTV integration site family
- WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 88663882.
| | | | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 88668070.
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Huang Q, Gao B, Wang L, Zhang HY, Li XJ, Shi J, Wang Z, Zhang JK, Yang L, Luo ZJ, Liu J. Ophiopogonin D: A new herbal agent against osteoporosis. Bone 2015; 74:18-28. [PMID: 25582622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Ophiopogonin D (OP-D), isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal agent Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, is a potent anti-oxidative agent. We hypothesized that OP-D demonstrates anti-osteoporosis effects via decreasing ROS generation in mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells and a macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. We investigated OP-D on osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation under oxidative status. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish an oxidative damage model. In vivo, we established a murine ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model. Then, we searched the molecular mechanism of OP-D against osteoporosis. Our results revealed that OP-D significantly promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and improved some osteogenic markers. Moreover, OP-D reduced TRAP activity and the mRNA expressions of osteoclastic genes in RAW264.7 cells. OP-D suppressed ROS generation in both MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells. OP-D treatment reduced the activity of serum bone degradation markers, including CTX-1 and TRAP. Further research showed that OP-D displayed anti-osteoporosis effects via reducing ROS through the FoxO3a-β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, our results indicated that the protective effects of OP-D against osteoporosis are linked to a reduction in oxidative stress via the FoxO3a-β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that OP-D may be a beneficial herbal agent in bone-related disorders, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Kang Zhang
- Air Force General Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Q, Shi J, Gao B, Zhang HY, Fan J, Li XJ, Fan JZ, Han YH, Zhang JK, Yang L, Luo ZJ, Liu J. Gastrodin: an ancient Chinese herbal medicine as a source for anti-osteoporosis agents via reducing reactive oxygen species. Bone 2015; 73:132-44. [PMID: 25554600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a crucial pathogenic factor of osteoporosis. Gastrodin, isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal agent Gastrodia elata, is a potent antioxidant. We hypothesized that gastrodin demonstrates protective effects against osteoporosis by partially reducing reactive oxygen species in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) and a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells). We investigated gastrodin on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under oxidative stress in hBMMSCs. We also tested gastrodin on osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish an oxidative cell injury model. Our results showed that gastrodin significantly promoted the proliferation of hBMMSCs, improved some osteogenic markers, reduced lipid generation and inhibited the mRNA expression of several adipogenic genes in hBMMSCs. Moreover, gastrodin reduced the number of osteoclasts, TRAP activity and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes in RAW264.7 cells. Gastrodin suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species in both hBMMSCs and RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, we established a murine ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model. Our data revealed that gastrodin treatment reduced the activity of serum bone degradation markers, such as CTX-1 and TRAP. Importantly, it ameliorated the micro-architecture of trabecular bones. Gastrodin decreased osteoclast numbers in vivo by TRAP staining. To conclude, these results indicated that gastrodin shows protective effects against osteoporosis linking to a reduction in reactive oxygen species, suggesting that gastrodin may be useful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhu Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Han
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Kang Zhang
- Air Force General Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Q, Gao B, Wang L, Hu YQ, Lu WG, Yang L, Luo ZJ, Liu J. Protective effects of myricitrin against osteoporosis via reducing reactive oxygen species and bone-resorbing cytokines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:550-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Ha H, Shim KS, Kim T, An H, Lee CJ, Lee KJ, Ma JY. Water extract of Acer tegmentosum reduces bone destruction by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and function. Molecules 2014; 19:3940-54. [PMID: 24694651 PMCID: PMC6271087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19043940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem of Acer tegmentosum has been widely used in Korea for the treatment of hepatic disorders. In this study, we investigated the bone protective effect of water extract of the stem of Acer tegmentosum (WEAT). We found that WEAT inhibits osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), an essential cytokine for osteoclast differentiation. In osteoclast precursor cells, WEAT inhibited RANKL-induced activation of JNK, NF-κB, and cAMP response element-binding protein, leading to suppression of the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, key transcription factors for osteoclast differentiation. In addition, WEAT inhibited bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, the oral administration of WEAT reduced RANKL-induced bone resorption and trabecular bone loss in mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that WEAT possesses a protective effect on bone destruction by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Ha
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Hyosun An
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Chung-Jo Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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