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Rosenmai AK, Svingen T, Evrard B, Nguyen KH, Nielsen C, Axelstad M, Chalmel F, Ramhøj L. Distinct transcriptional profiles in rat thyroid glands after developmental exposure to three in vitro thyroperoxidase inhibiting chemicals. Genomics 2024; 116:110938. [PMID: 39293535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is central in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and inhibition can lead to TH deficiency. Many chemicals can inhibit TPO activity in vitro, but how this may manifest in the developing thyroid gland at the molecular level is unclear. Here, we characterized the thyroid gland transcriptome of male rats developmentally exposed to the in vitro TPO-inhibitors amitrole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), or cyanamide by use of Bulk-RNA-Barcoding (BRB) and sequencing. Amitrole exposure caused TH deficiency and 149 differentially expressed genes in the thyroid gland. The effects indicated an activated and growing thyroid gland. MBI caused intermittent changes to serum TH concentrations in a previous study and this was accompanied by 60 differentially expressed genes in the present study. More than half of these were also affected by amitrole, indicating that they could be early effect biomarkers of developmental TH system disruption due to TPO inhibition. Further work to validate the signature is needed, including assessment of substance independency and applicability domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Khanh Hoang Nguyen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Nielsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Delatour T, Stadler RH. Two decades of research in dietary acrylamide: What do we know today. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12169-12177. [PMID: 35852101 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2099344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After nearly two decades since acrylamide was first raised as a potential safety issue in foods, significant progress has been made in understanding its formation during cooking, how to reduce levels in the most concerned foods, and the possible cancer risk to humans. Despite the huge wealth of knowledge gathered on this topic over the past years, a few new discoveries in occurrence, mitigation, analysis and risk assessment are worthy to note. This short review highlights the salient novelties pertaining to acrylamide, particularly in the areas of formation & analysis, existing and possible future regulations in the European Union, and finally considerations that may lead to possibly revisiting the toxicity of acrylamide and the main metabolite, glycidamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Delatour
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Stadler
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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3
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Guth S, Baum M, Cartus AT, Diel P, Engel KH, Engeli B, Epe B, Grune T, Haller D, Heinz V, Hellwig M, Hengstler JG, Henle T, Humpf HU, Jäger H, Joost HG, Kulling SE, Lachenmeier DW, Lampen A, Leist M, Mally A, Marko D, Nöthlings U, Röhrdanz E, Roth A, Spranger J, Stadler R, Steinberg P, Vieths S, Wätjen W, Eisenbrand G. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of acrylamide: Arguments for the derivation of a tolerable daily intake (TDI value). Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113632. [PMID: 36708862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of diet-related exposure to acrylamide (AA), based on a critical review of scientific evidence relevant to low dose exposure. The SKLM arrives at the conclusion that as long as an appropriate exposure limit for AA is not exceeded, genotoxic effects resulting in carcinogenicity are unlikely to occur. Based on the totality of the evidence, the SKLM considers it scientifically justified to derive a tolerable daily intake (TDI) as a health-based guidance value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Matthias Baum
- Solenis Germany Industries GmbH, Fütingsweg 20, 47805 Krefeld, Germany.
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Barbara Engeli
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Risk Assessment Division, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Thomas Henle
- Department of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Weißenburger Str. 3, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elke Röhrdanz
- Unit Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Richard Stadler
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Centre, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, 26, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Wim Wätjen
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Kuo B, Beal MA, Wills JW, White PA, Marchetti F, Nong A, Barton-Maclaren TS, Houck K, Yauk CL. Comprehensive interpretation of in vitro micronucleus test results for 292 chemicals: from hazard identification to risk assessment application. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2067-2085. [PMID: 35445829 PMCID: PMC9151546 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessments are increasingly reliant on information from in vitro assays. The in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) is a genotoxicity test that detects chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosome breakage (clastogenicity) and/or whole chromosome loss (aneugenicity). In this study, MNvit datasets for 292 chemicals, generated by the US EPA's ToxCast program, were evaluated using a decision tree-based pipeline for hazard identification. Chemicals were tested with 19 concentrations (n = 1) up to 200 µM, in the presence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9. To identify clastogenic chemicals, %MN values at each concentration were compared to a distribution of batch-specific solvent controls; this was followed by cytotoxicity assessment and benchmark concentration (BMC) analyses. The approach classified 157 substances as positives, 25 as negatives, and 110 as inconclusive. Using the approach described in Bryce et al. (Environ Mol Mutagen 52:280-286, 2011), we identified 15 (5%) aneugens. IVIVE (in vitro to in vivo extrapolation) was employed to convert BMCs into administered equivalent doses (AEDs). Where possible, AEDs were compared to points of departure (PODs) for traditional genotoxicity endpoints; AEDs were generally lower than PODs based on in vivo endpoints. To facilitate interpretation of in vitro MN assay concentration-response data for risk assessment, exposure estimates were utilized to calculate bioactivity exposure ratio (BER) values. BERs for 50 clastogens and two aneugens had AEDs that approached exposure estimates (i.e., BER < 100); these chemicals might be considered priorities for additional testing. This work provides a framework for the use of high-throughput in vitro genotoxicity testing for priority setting and chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John W Wills
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Biominerals Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Paul A White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andy Nong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Safe Environments Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Houck
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Room 269, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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5
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Abstract
EFSA was requested to deliver a statement on a recent publication revisiting the evidence for genotoxicity of acrylamide (AA). The statement was prepared by a Working Group and was endorsed by the CONTAM Panel before its final approval. In interpreting the Terms of Reference, the statement considered the modes of action underlying the carcinogenicity of AA including genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. Relevant publications since the 2015 CONTAM Panel Opinion on AA in food were reviewed. Several new studies reported positive results on the clastogenic and mutagenic properties of AA and its active metabolite glycidamide (GA). DNA adducts of GA were induced by AA exposure in experimental animals and have also been observed in humans. In addition to the genotoxicity of AA, there is evidence for both secondary DNA oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species and for non-genotoxic effects which may contribute to carcinogenesis by AA. These studies extend the information assessed by the CONTAM Panel in its 2015 Opinion, and support its conclusions. That Opinion applied the margin of exposure (MOE) approach, as recommended in the EFSA Guidance for substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic, for risk characterisation of the neoplastic effects of AA. Based on the new data evaluated, the MOE approach is still considered appropriate, and an update of the 2015 Opinion is not required at the present time.
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6
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Naruse M, Masui R, Ochiai M, Maru Y, Hippo Y, Imai T. An organoid-based carcinogenesis model induced by in vitro chemical treatment. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1444-1453. [PMID: 32047892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal carcinogenesis models induced by environmental chemicals have been widely used for basic and applied cancer research. However, establishment of in vitro or ex vivo models is essential for molecular mechanistic elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis, leading to clarification of the total mode of action. In the present study, to establish an organoid-based chemical carcinogenesis model, mouse organoids were treated in vitro with 4 genotoxic chemicals, e.g. ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), acrylamide (AA), diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to examine their tumorigenicity after injection to nude mice. The four chemicals were reported to induce lung, liver or mammary carcinomas in mouse models. DMBA-treated mammary tissue-derived organoids with Trp53 heterozygous knockout exhibited tumorigenicity, but not those with wild-type Trp53, reflecting previous reports of corresponding animal models. Treatment of lung organoids with or without Trp53 knockout with EMS or AA resulted in carcinogenic histopathological characteristics, and the activation of oncogenic kinases was demonstrated in the nodules from the nude mouse subcutis. DEN-treated liver (biliary tract) organoids also had an increased number of similar changes. In conclusion, an ex vivo model for chemical carcinogenesis was established using normal mouse tissue-derived organoids. This model will be applied to detect early molecular events, leading to clarification of the mode of action of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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7
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Nan B, Yang C, Li L, Ye H, Yan H, Wang M, Yuan Y. Allicin alleviated acrylamide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111937. [PMID: 33348049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) in heat-processed food leads to widespread concerns due to its hepatotoxicity. Allicin, a plant-derived antioxidant, possesses a significant protective effect on AA-induced hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the mechanism in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and LigPlus software speculated that allicin inhibited the activity of CYP2E1 expression by binding to its amino acid residues Phe116, Phe207, Leu210, Phe298, Ala299, Thr303, Val364 and Phe478 through hydrophobic interactions. Allicin decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and CYP2E1 protein expression and then alleviated the appearance of OS. Meanwhile, allicin significantly reduced ERS characteristic proteins GRP78, CHOP and UPR branch IRE1α pathway key proteins p-IRE, p-ASK, TRAF2 and XBP-1s expression. Simultaneously, allicin ameliorated OS and ERS activation, which inhibited the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and down-regulated JNK, ERK, p38, p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. Allicin pre-treatment inhibited AA-induced inflammation as evidenced by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, decreasing Cleaved-Caspase-1 expression as well as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Taken together, our data provide new insights into possible signaling pathways involved in allicin attenuating AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chaoyue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haiyang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Yi W, Liu J, Qu S, Fan H, Lv Z. An 8 miRNA-Based Risk Score System for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820965594. [PMID: 33054579 PMCID: PMC7570775 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820965594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) might influence prognosis of PTC. This study is aimed to develop a risk score system for predicting prognosis of PTC. Methods: The miRNA and gene expression profiles of PTC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. PTC samples were randomly separated into training set (n = 248) and validation set (n = 248). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in the training set were screened using limma package. The independent prognosis-associated DE-miRNAs were identified for building a risk score system. Risk score of PTC samples in the training set was calculated and samples were divided into high risk group and low risk group. Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the accuracy of the risk score system in the training set, validation set and entire set. Finally, a miRNA-gene regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software, followed by enrichment analysis. Results: Totally, 162 DE-miRNAs between tumor and control groups in the training set were identified. An 8 independent prognosis-associated DE-miRNAs, (including miR-1179, miR-133b, miR-3194, miR-3912, miR-548j, miR-6720, miR-6734, and miR-6843) based risk score system was developed. The area under ROC curve in the training set, validation set and entire set was all above 0.93. A miRNA-gene regulatory network involving the 8 DE-miRNAs were built and functional enrichment analysis suggested the genes in the network were significantly enriched into 13 pathways, including calcium signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusion: The risk score system developed this study might be used for predicting the prognosis of PTC. Besides, the 8 miRNAs might affect the prognosis of PTC via hedgehog signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wanwan Yi, Jin Liu and Shuping Qu are co-first authors
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wanwan Yi, Jin Liu and Shuping Qu are co-first authors
| | - Shuping Qu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.,Wanwan Yi, Jin Liu and Shuping Qu are co-first authors
| | - Hengwei Fan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.,Hengwei Fan and Zhongwei Lv are co-corresponding authors
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Hengwei Fan and Zhongwei Lv are co-corresponding authors
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Lu L, Wu H, Cui S, Zhan T, Zhang C, Lu S, Liu W, Zhuang S. Pentabromoethylbenzene Exposure Induces Transcriptome Aberration and Thyroid Dysfunction: In Vitro, in Silico, and in Vivo Investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12335-12344. [PMID: 32835475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), as one of the novel brominated flame retardants (NFBRs), has caused increasing public concern for health risks. Till now, information regarding potential effects of PBEB on thyroid function remains unclear. Herein, we investigated thyroid disruption of PBEB in vitro and in silico and evaluated thyroid dysfunction induced by PBEB using Sprague-Dawley rats. PBEB showed thyroid receptor (TR) β antagonistic activity with IC50 of 9.82 × 10-7 M in the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and induced relative reorientation of helix 11 (H11) and H12 of the TR ligand binding domain as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. PBEB (0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg BW/d) markedly altered the transcriptome profile of thyroid with induction of 17, 42, and 119 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in thyroid hormone signaling and synthesis pathway, of which transthyretin and albumin are common DEGs. The 28-d exposure to PBEB significantly decreased the triiodothyronine level (from 7.23 to 5.67 ng/mL) and increased the thyrotropin level (from 7.88 to 12.86 mU/L) for female rats. PBEB consequently reduced thyroid weight and altered its morphology with more depleted follicles. Overall, our study provides the first account of evidence on PBEB exerted thyroid disruption, transcriptome aberration, and morphological alteration, facilitating health risk assessment of PBEB and structurally related NBFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjie Zhan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Revisiting the evidence for genotoxicity of acrylamide (AA), key to risk assessment of dietary AA exposure. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2939-2950. [PMID: 32494932 PMCID: PMC7415744 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The weight of evidence pro/contra classifying the process-related food contaminant (PRC) acrylamide (AA) as a genotoxic carcinogen is reviewed. Current dietary AA exposure estimates reflect margins of exposure (MOEs) < 500. Several arguments support the view that AA may not act as a genotoxic carcinogen, especially not at consumer-relevant exposure levels: Biotransformation of AA into genotoxic glycidamide (GA) in primary rat hepatocytes is markedly slower than detoxifying coupling to glutathione (GS). Repeated feeding of rats with AA containing foods, bringing about uptake of 100 µg/kg/day of AA, resulted in dose x time-related buildup of AA-hemoglobin (Hb) adducts, whereas GA-Hb adducts remained within the background. Since hepatic oxidative biotransformation of AA into GA was proven by simultaneous urinary mercapturic acid monitoring it can be concluded that at this nutritional intake level any GA formed in the liver from AA is quantitatively coupled to GS to be excreted as mercapturic acid in urine. In an oral single dose–response study in rats, AA induced DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts dose-dependently in the high dose range (> 100 µg/kg b w). At variance, in the dose range below 100 µg/kg b.w. down to levels of average consumers exposure, DNA N7 -Gua lesions were found only sporadically, without dose dependence, and at levels close to the lower bound of similar human background DNA N7-Gua lesions. No DNA damage was detected by the comet assay within this low dose range. GA is a very weak mutagen, known to predominantly induce DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts, especially in the lower dose range. There is consensus that DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts exhibit rather low mutagenic potency. The low mutagenic potential of GA has further been evidenced by comparison to preactivated forms of other process-related contaminants, such as N-Nitroso compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, potent food borne mutagens/carcinogens. Toxicogenomic studies provide no evidence supporting a genotoxic mode of action (MOA), rather indicate effects on calcium signalling and cytoskeletal functions in rodent target organs. Rodent carcinogenicity studies show induction of strain- and species-specific neoplasms, with MOAs not considered likely predictive for human cancer risk. In summary, the overall evidence clearly argues for a nongenotoxic/nonmutagenic MOA underlying the neoplastic effects of AA in rodents. In consequence, a tolerable intake level (TDI) may be defined, guided by mechanistic elucidation of key adverse effects and supported by biomarker-based dosimetry in experimental systems and humans.
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Hartwig A, Arand M, Epe B, Guth S, Jahnke G, Lampen A, Martus HJ, Monien B, Rietjens IMCM, Schmitz-Spanke S, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1787-1877. [PMID: 32542409 PMCID: PMC7303094 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of chemical carcinogens is one major task in toxicology. Even though exposure has been mitigated effectively during the last decades, low levels of carcinogenic substances in food and at the workplace are still present and often not completely avoidable. The distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens has traditionally been regarded as particularly relevant for risk assessment, with the assumption of the existence of no-effect concentrations (threshold levels) in case of the latter group. In contrast, genotoxic carcinogens, their metabolic precursors and DNA reactive metabolites are considered to represent risk factors at all concentrations since even one or a few DNA lesions may in principle result in mutations and, thus, increase tumour risk. Within the current document, an updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as "omics" approaches. Furthermore, wherever possible and appropriate, special attention is given to the integration of background levels of the same or comparable DNA lesions. Within part A, fundamental considerations highlight the terms hazard and risk with respect to DNA reactivity of genotoxic agents, as compared to non-genotoxic agents. Also, current methodologies used in genetic toxicology as well as in dosimetry of exposure are described. Special focus is given on the elucidation of modes of action (MOA) and on the relation between DNA damage and cancer risk. Part B addresses specific examples of genotoxic carcinogens, including those humans are exposed to exogenously and endogenously, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the corresponding alcohols as well as some alkylating agents, ethylene oxide, and acrylamide, but also examples resulting from exogenous sources like aflatoxin B1, allylalkoxybenzenes, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), benzo[a]pyrene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Additionally, special attention is given to some carcinogenic metal compounds, which are considered indirect genotoxins, by accelerating mutagenicity via interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage even at low exposure conditions. Part C finally encompasses conclusions and perspectives, suggesting a refined strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic risk associated with an exposure to genotoxic compounds and addressing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Retired Senior Professor for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang B, Guerrette Z, Whittaker MH, Ator J. Derivation of a No significant risk level (NSRL) for acrylamide. Toxicol Lett 2020; 320:103-108. [PMID: 31816332 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is included on the State of California's Proposition 65 list as a carcinogen. Acrylamide is found in cigarette smoke and in many types of foods, including breads, cereals, coffee, cookies, French fries, and potato chips. In 1990, California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) established a no significant risk level (NSRL) of 0.2 μg/day for acrylamide. Since then, multiple cancer studies have been published. In this report, we developed an updated NSRL for acrylamide. Using benchmark dose modeling and a weight-of-evidence, non-threshold approach to identify the most sensitive species, cancer slope factors (CSFs) were derived based on combined incidences of statistically significant neoplastic lesions in the Harderian gland, lung, and stomach in male mice. We then used a toxicokinetic (TK)-based scaling approach to convert the animal CSF to a human equivalent CSF, which served as the basis for the NSRL of 1.1 μg/day at the cancer risk level of 1 in 100,000. This NSRL can be used in quantitative exposure assessments to assess compliance with Proposition 65 to ascertain either the need for or exemption from the Proposition 65 labeling requirement and drinking water discharge prohibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Wang
- ToxServices LLC, 1367 Connecticut Ave, NW Suite 300, Washington, D.C., 20036, US.
| | - Zach Guerrette
- ToxServices LLC, 1367 Connecticut Ave, NW Suite 300, Washington, D.C., 20036, US
| | - Margaret H Whittaker
- ToxServices LLC, 1367 Connecticut Ave, NW Suite 300, Washington, D.C., 20036, US
| | - Jennifer Ator
- ToxServices LLC, 1367 Connecticut Ave, NW Suite 300, Washington, D.C., 20036, US
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13
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Andersen ME, Pendse SN, Black MB, McMullen PD. Application of transcriptomic data, visualization tools and bioinformatics resources for informing mode of action. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Chepelev NL, Gagné R, Maynor T, Kuo B, Hobbs CA, Recio L, Yauk CL. Transcriptional profiling of male CD-1 mouse lungs and Harderian glands supports the involvement of calcium signaling in acrylamide-induced tumors. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:75-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Kumar J, Das S, Teoh SL. Dietary Acrylamide and the Risks of Developing Cancer: Facts to Ponder. Front Nutr 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29541638 PMCID: PMC5835509 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a water soluble white crystalline solid commonly used in industries. It was listed as an industrial chemical with potential carcinogenic properties. However to date, AA was used to produce polyacrylamide polymer, which was widely used as a coagulant in water treatment; additives during papermaking; grouting material for dams, tunnels, and other underground building constructions. AA in food could be formed during high-temperature cooking via several mechanisms, i.e., formation via acrylic acid which may be derived from the degradation of lipid, carbohydrates, or free amino acids; formation via the dehydration/decarboxylation of organic acids (malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid); and direct formation from amino acids. The big debate is whether this compound is toxic to human beings or not. In the present review, we discuss the formation of AA in food products, its consumption, and possible link to the development of any cancers. We discuss the body enzymatic influence on AA and mechanism of action of AA on hormone, calcium signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal filaments. We also highlight the deleterious effects of AA on nervous system, reproductive system, immune system, and the liver. The present and future mitigation strategies are also discussed. The present review on AA may be beneficial for researchers, food industry, and also medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Rietjens IMCM, Dussort P, Günther H, Hanlon P, Honda H, Mally A, O'Hagan S, Scholz G, Seidel A, Swenberg J, Teeguarden J, Eisenbrand G. Exposure assessment of process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:15-40. [PMID: 29302712 PMCID: PMC5773647 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a fundamental part of the risk assessment paradigm, but can often present a number of challenges and uncertainties. This is especially the case for process contaminants formed during the processing, e.g. heating of food, since they are in part highly reactive and/or volatile, thus making exposure assessment by analysing contents in food unreliable. New approaches are therefore required to accurately assess consumer exposure and thus better inform the risk assessment. Such novel approaches may include the use of biomarkers, physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, and/or duplicate diet studies. This review focuses on the state of the art with respect to the use of biomarkers of exposure for the process contaminants acrylamide, 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, furan and acrolein. From the overview presented, it becomes clear that the field of assessing human exposure to process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring is promising and strongly developing. The current state of the art as well as the existing data gaps and challenges for the future were defined. They include (1) using PBK modelling and duplicate diet studies to establish, preferably in humans, correlations between external exposure and biomarkers; (2) elucidation of the possible endogenous formation of the process-related contaminants and the resulting biomarker levels; (3) the influence of inter-individual variations and how to include that in the biomarker-based exposure predictions; (4) the correction for confounding factors; (5) the value of the different biomarkers in relation to exposure scenario's and risk assessment, and (6) the possibilities of novel methodologies. In spite of these challenges it can be concluded that biomarker-based exposure assessment provides a unique opportunity to more accurately assess consumer exposure to process-related contaminants in food and thus to better inform risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Dussort
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Helmut Günther
- Mondelēz International, Postfach 10 78 40, 28078, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paul Hanlon
- Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road, Dept. 104070, Bldg. RP3-2, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Hiroshi Honda
- KAO Corporation, R&D Safety Science Research, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321 3497, Japan
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sue O'Hagan
- PepsiCo Europe, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - Gabriele Scholz
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, Lurup 4, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - James Swenberg
- Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill Cancer Genetics, 253c Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin Teeguarden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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