1
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Shi WT, Yao CP, Liu WH, Cao WY, Shao W, Liao SQ, Yu T, Zhu QF, Chen Z, Zang YJ, Farooq M, Wei WK, Zhang XA. An fusaric acid-based CRISPR library screen identifies MDH2 as a broad-spectrum regulator of Fusarium toxin-induced cell death. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135937. [PMID: 39342847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins are of great concern because they are the most common food-borne mycotoxins and environmental contaminants worldwide. Fusaric acid (FA), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2), and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) are important Fusarium toxins contaminating feeds and food and can cause serious health problems. FA can synergize with some other Fusarium toxins to enhance overall toxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, our CRISPR screening revealed Malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB) are the key genes for FA-induced cell death. Pathways associated with mitochondrial function, notably the TCA cycle, play a significant role in FA cytotoxicity. We found that MDH2 and PDHB depletion reduced FA-induced cell death, ROS accumulation, and the expression of caspase-3 and HIF-1α. The cell viability assays and flow cytometry demonstrated that MDH2 knockout but not PDHB decreased DON, ZEA, T-2, and FB1-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and ROS accumulation. MDH2 inhibitor LW6 also decreased DON, ZEA, T-2, and FB1-induced toxicity. This suggested that MDH2, but not PDHB, is a common regulator of broad-spectrum Fusarium toxin (FA, DON, ZEA, T-2, and FB1)-induced cell death. Our work provides new avenues for the treatment of Fusarium toxin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Shi
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Xinjiang Agricultural University, College of Animal Science, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Chun-Peng Yao
- Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Cao
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wei Shao
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, College of Animal Science, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Shen-Quan Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Zang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Wang Z, Duan H, You X, Peng Q, Yuan N, Sha R, Xie Z, Feng Y. Deoxynivalenol triggers mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116607. [PMID: 38908055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin produced by fungi and is frequently found as a contaminant in various cereal-based food worldwide. While the harmful effects of DON have been extensively studied in different tissues, its specific impact on the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells remains unclear. In this study, we utilized murine C2C12 myoblasts as a model to explore the influence of DON on their proliferation. Our observations indicated that DON exhibits dose-dependent toxicity, significantly inhibiting the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Through the application of RNA-seq analysis combined with gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a noteworthy downregulation of genes linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and condensed chromosome. Concurrently with the reduced expression of ECM genes, immunostaining analysis revealed notable changes in the distribution of fibronectin, a vital ECM component, condensing into clusters and punctate formations. Remarkably, the exposure to DON induced the formation of multipolar spindles, leading to the disruption of the normal cell cycle. This, in turn, activated the p53-p21 signaling pathway and ultimately resulted in apoptosis. These findings contribute significant insights into the mechanisms through which DON induces toxicity within skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Xue You
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ningyang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Rula Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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3
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Qu Z, Ren X, Du Z, Hou J, Li Y, Yao Y, An Y. Fusarium mycotoxins: The major food contaminants. MLIFE 2024; 3:176-206. [PMID: 38948146 PMCID: PMC11211685 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites produced by toxicogenic fungi, are natural food toxins that cause acute and chronic adverse reactions in humans and animals. The genus Fusarium is one of three major genera of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone are the major Fusarium mycotoxins that occur worldwide. Fusarium mycotoxins have the potential to infiltrate the human food chain via contamination during crop production and food processing, eventually threatening human health. The occurrence and development of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination will change with climate change, especially with variations in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide concentration. To address these challenges, researchers have built a series of effective models to forecast the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and provide guidance for crop production. Fusarium mycotoxins frequently exist in food products at extremely low levels, thus necessitating the development of highly sensitive and reliable detection techniques. Numerous successful detection methods have been developed to meet the requirements of various situations, and an increasing number of methods are moving toward high-throughput features. Although Fusarium mycotoxins cannot be completely eliminated, numerous agronomic, chemical, physical, and biological methods can lower Fusarium mycotoxin contamination to safe levels during the preharvest and postharvest stages. These theoretical innovations and technological advances have the potential to facilitate the development of comprehensive strategies for effectively managing Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhaolin Du
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Jie Hou
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Ye Li
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yi An
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
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4
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Tang Q, Lan T, Zhou C, Gao J, Wu L, Wei H, Li W, Tang Z, Tang W, Diao H, Xu Y, Peng X, Pang J, Zhao X, Sun Z. Nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea of piglets: From the perspective of feeds. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:297-311. [PMID: 38800731 PMCID: PMC11127239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a globally significant threat to the swine industry. Historically, antibiotics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD. However, the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies. In recent years, the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated. Mechanically, diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion. In general, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, resulting in diarrhea when Cl- secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity. From a perspective of feedstuffs, factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein (CP), stimulation by certain antigenic proteins, high acid-binding capacity (ABC), and contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet. In response, efforts to reduce CP levels in diets, select feedstuffs with lower ABC values, and process feedstuffs using physical, chemical, and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets. Additionally, the diet supplementation with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. Here, we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds, and provide new insights towards future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingchun Gao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644005, China
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5
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Guo P, Li X, Xue Y, Lu Q, Liu Y, Xiong J, Wu Z, Fu S, Ye C, Wang X, Qiu Y. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking to uncover the mechanism by which quercetin alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced porcine intestinal injury. Toxicon 2024; 243:107709. [PMID: 38615996 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol is a widespread feed contaminant that leads to vomit, which results in serious symptom such as increased intestinal permeability and even intestinal mucosal necrosis. Recent studies have reported the role of quercetin in alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal injury; however, the mechanisms and targets remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to identify the mechanisms of action by using a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking. We identified 151 quercetin targets, 235 deoxynivalenol targets and 47 porcine intestinal injury targets by searching compound database and PubMed database, among which there were two common targets. The PPI network showed that the key proteins involved are NQO1 and PPAR-γ. The PPI network showed that the key proteins involved were NQO1 and PPARG. GO analysis found that genes were enriched primarily in response to oxidative stress. The PPI network showed that the key proteins involved are NQO1 and PPAR-γ. The genes are enriched primarily in response to oxidative stress. KEGG analysis showed enrichment of the HIF, reactive oxygen species and other signaling pathways. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between NQO1-quercetin and PPAR-γ-quercetin. By using network pharmacology, we have revealed the potential molecular mechanisms by which quercetin alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced porcine intestinal injury, which lays the foundation for the development of drugs to treat deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal injury in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yunda Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jianglin Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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6
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Guerre P, Lassallette E, Beaujardin-Daurian U, Travel A. Fumonisins alone or mixed with other fusariotoxins increase the C22-24:C16 sphingolipid ratios in chicken livers, while deoxynivalenol and zearalenone have no effect. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111005. [PMID: 38615975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Poultry feed is often contaminated with fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone, which can result in oxidative damage, inflammation and change in lipid metabolism. Although sphingolipids play key roles in cells, only the effects of fumonisins on the sphingolipidome are well-documented. In chickens, fumonisins have been shown to increase the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio and the C22-24:C16 sphingolipid ratio, which has been proposed as a new biomarker of toxicity. In this study, we used UHPLC-MSMS targeted analysis to measure the effect of fusariotoxins on sphingolipids in the livers of chickens fed with diets containing fusariotoxins administered individually and in combination, at the maximum levels recommended by the European Commission. Chickens were exposed from hatching until they reached 35 days of age. This study revealed for the first time that fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone alone and in combination have numerous effects on the sphingolipidome in chicken livers. A 30-50 % decrease in ceramide, dihydroceramide, sphingomyelin, dihydrosphingomyelin, monohexosylceramide and lactosylceramide measured at the class level was observed when fusariotoxins were administered alone, whereas a 30-100 % increase in dihydroceramide, sphingomyelin, dihydrosphingomyelin, and monohexosylceramide was observed when the fusariotoxins were administered in combination. For these different variables, strong significant interactions were observed between fumonisins and zearalenone and between fumonisins and deoxynivalenol, whereas interactions between deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were less frequent and less significant. Interestingly, an increase in the C22-24:C16 ratio of ceramides, sphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides was observed in chickens fed the diets containing fumonisins only, and this increase was close when the toxin was administered alone or in combination with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. This effect mainly corresponded to a decrease in sphingolipids with a fatty acid chain length of 16 carbons, whereas C22-24 sphingolipids were unaffected or increased. In conclusion the C22-24:C16 ratio emerged as a specific biomarker, with variations dependent only on the presence of fumonisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guerre
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Maragos CM, Vaughan MM, McCormick SP. Monoclonal-Antibody-Based Immunoassays for the Mycotoxins NX-2 and NX-3 in Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38787083 PMCID: PMC11126132 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fungal infestation of crops can cause major economic losses. Toxins produced by the causative fungi (mycotoxins) represent a potential safety hazard to people and livestock consuming them. One such mycotoxin is deoxynivalenol (DON, also known as vomitoxin), a trichothecene associated with Fusarium Head Blight of wheat. DON is commonly found in cereal crops worldwide. A group of trichothecene mycotoxins closely related to DON, the NX toxins, have been reported to occur in the northeastern United States and southern Canada. While many commercial immunoassays are available to detect DON, there are no rapid screening assays for the NX toxins. We describe the development and isolation of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific towards two NX toxins: NX-2 and NX-3. The mAbs did not recognize DON or several other closely related trichothecenes. One of the mAbs was selected for development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for NX-2 and NX-3 in wheat. The dynamic ranges for the assay were 7.7 to 127 μg/kg for NX-2 and 59 μg/kg to 1540 μg/kg for NX-3 in wheat. Recoveries from spiked wheat averaged 84.4% for NX-2 and 99.3% for NX-3, with RSDs of 10.4% and 11.3%, respectively (n = 24). The results suggest that this assay can be used to screen for NX toxins in wheat at levels relevant to human food and animal feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M. Maragos
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University, Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (M.M.V.); (S.P.M.)
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8
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Mi J, Ma Q, Li T, Huang S. Agaro-oligosaccharides mitigate deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:3380-3394. [PMID: 38498054 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Agarose-derived agaro-oligosaccharides (AgaroS) have been extensively studied in terms of structures and bioactivities; they reportedly possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that maintain intestinal homeostasis and host health. However, the protective effects of AgaroS on deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal dysfunction remain unclear. We investigated the effects of AgaroS on DON-induced intestinal dysfunction in mice and explored the underlying protective mechanisms. In total, 32 mice were randomly allocated to four treatments (n = 8 each) for 28 days. From day 1 to day 21, the control (CON) and DON groups received oral phosphate-buffered saline (200 μL per day); the AgaroS and AgaroS + DON groups received 200 mg AgaroS per kg body weight once daily by orogastric gavage. Experimental intestinal injury was induced by adding DON (4.8 mg per kg body weight) via gavage from day 21 to day 28. Phosphate-buffered saline was administered once daily by gavage in the CON and AgaroS groups. Herein, AgaroS supplementation led to a higher final body weight and smaller body weight loss and a lower concentration of plasma inflammatory cytokines, compared with the DON group. The DON group showed a significantly reduced ileal villus height and villus height/crypt depth, compared with the CON and AgaroS + DON groups. However, AgaroS supplementation improved DON-induced intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the DON group, ileal and colonic protein expression levels of claudin, occludin, Ki67, and mucin2 were significantly higher in the AgaroS supplementation group. Colonic levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β tended to be higher in the DON group than in the AgaroS + DON group. AgaroS altered the gut microbiota composition, accompanied by increased production of short-chain fatty acids in mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight a promising anti-mycotoxin approach whereby AgaroS alleviate DON-induced intestinal inflammation by modulating intestinal barrier functional integrity and gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 21001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinqiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing, China
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9
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Yao F, Du Y, Tian S, Chang G, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Cai C, Shao S, Zhou T. Identification and characterization of Achromobacter spanius P-9 and elucidation of its deoxynivalenol-degrading potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:178. [PMID: 38498224 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses significant challenges due to its frequent contamination of grains and associated products. Microbial strategies for mitigating DON toxicity showed application potential. Eight bacterial isolates with DON degradation activity over 5% were obtained from various samples of organic fertilizer in this study. One of the isolates emerged as a standout, demonstrating a substantial degradation capability, achieving a 99.21% reduction in DON levels. This isolate, underwent thorough morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization to confirm its identity, and was identified as a new strain of Achromobacter spanius P-9. Subsequent evaluations revealed that the strain P-9 retains its degradation activity after a 24-h incubation, reaching optimal performance at 35 °C with a pH of 8.0. Further studies indicated that Ca2+ ions enhance the degradation process, whereas Zn2+ ions exert an inhibitory effect. This is the pioneering report of DON degradation by Achromobacter spanius, illuminating its prospective utility in addressing DON contamination challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yaowen Du
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Siyi Tian
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Guoli Chang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Chenggang Cai
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
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10
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Pedroni L, Doherty DZ, Dall'Asta C, Galaverna G, Bell SG, Dellafiora L. Computational methods meet in vitro techniques: A case study on fusaric acid and its possible detoxification through cytochrome P450 enzymes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116167. [PMID: 38447519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are known environmental pollutants that may contaminate food and feed chains. Some mycotoxins are regulated in many countries to limit the trading of contaminated and harmful commodities. However, the so-called emerging mycotoxins are poorly understood and need to be investigated further. Fusaric acid is an emerging mycotoxin, noxious to plants and animals, but is known to be less toxic to plants when hydroxylated. The detoxification routes effective in animals have not been elucidated yet. In this context, this study integrated in silico and in vitro techniques to discover potential bioremediation routes to turn fusaric acid to its less toxic metabolites. The toxicodynamics of these forms in humans have also been addressed. An in silico screening process, followed by molecular docking and dynamics studies, identified CYP199A4 from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 as a potential fusaric acid biotransforming enzyme. Its activity was confirmed in vitro. However, the effect of hydroxylation seemed to have a limited impact on the modelled toxicodynamics against human targets. This study represents a starting point to develop a hybrid in silico/in vitro pipeline to find bioremediation agents for other food, feed and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pedroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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11
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Dong JN, Zhao ZK, Wang ZQ, Li SZ, Zhang YP, Sun Z, Qin GX, Zhang XF, Zhao W, Aschalew ND, Wang T, Zhen YG. Impact of deoxynivalenol on rumen function, production, and health of dairy cows: Insights from metabolomics and microbiota analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133376. [PMID: 38159518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol contamination in feed and food, pervasive from growth, storage, and processing, poses a significant risk to dairy cows, particularly when exposed to a high-starch diet; however, whether a high-starch diet exacerbates these negative effects remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the combined impact of deoxynivalenol and dietary starch on the production performance, rumen function, and health of dairy cows using metabolomics and 16 S rRNA sequencing. Our findings suggested that both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol significantly reduced the concentration of propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and microbial crude protein (MCP) concentrations, accompanied by a noteworthy increase in NH3-N concentration in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05). Deoxynivalenol altered the abundance of microbial communities in vivo, notably affecting Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Selenomonadaceae. Additionally, it significantly downregulated lecithin, arachidonic acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and proline metabolism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, deoxynivalenol triggered oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in immune system linkage, ultimately compromising the overall health of dairy cows. Collectively, both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol could have detrimental effects on rumen function, posing a potential threat to production performance and the overall health of cows. Notably, the negative effects of deoxynivalenol are more pronounced with a high-starch diet than a low-starch diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhi-Kun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhan-Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Song-Ze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yong-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Gui-Xin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Natnael Demelash Aschalew
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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12
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Tang R, Ju X, Niu X, Liu X, Li Y, Yu Z, Ma X, Gao Y, Li Y, Xie H, Zhou Q, Yong Y. Protective Effects of Carbonated Chitosan Montmorillonite on Vomitoxin-Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:715. [PMID: 38475397 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to vomitoxin (DON) can negatively impact the intestinal health of livestock and poultry, leading to compromised nutrient absorption and utilization, resulting in slowed growth and reduced production efficiency. In this study, we synthesized carbonated chitosan montmorillonite intercalation complexes (CCM) through solution precipitation. The successful formation of intercalation complexes was confirmed by examining functional groups and surface features using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To assess the impact of CCM on DON-infected mice, we established an experimental mouse model of jejunal inflammation induced by DON infection. We analyzed the effects of CCM on blood biochemical and conventional indices, jejunal inflammatory factors, pathological changes, and the expression of proteins in the MAPK pathways in DON-infected mice. Our results indicate that CCM effectively mitigates the adverse effects of DON on growth performance, jejunal injury, and the inflammatory response in mice. CCM supplementation alleviated the negative effects of DON infection on growth performance and reduced intestinal inflammation in mice. Moreover, CCM supplementation successfully inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway induced by DON. These findings suggest that the mitigating effect of CCM on DON-induced inflammatory injury in the murine jejunum is closely linked to the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Tang
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xueting Niu
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Youquan Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xingbin Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yin Li
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Huili Xie
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qiu Zhou
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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13
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Zeng J, Lin Z, Tang J, Chen X, Huang K, Gan F. The role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON-induced aggravation of inflammatory response in IL-10 deficient RAW264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114557. [PMID: 38432439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) as a mycotoxin was commonly found in food and cereals which can affect immune function and inflammatory response. The majority of foods contain DON at levels below the official limit. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-cytotoxic concentration of DON on inflammation and its mechanisms using the IL-10 gene-silenced RAW264.7 cell model. The results showed that a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON at 25 ng/ml aggravated IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation, which was manifested by increasing IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression, migration and phagocytosis, decreasing IL-10 mRNA expression, and enhancing JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Adding JAK2 inhibitor AG490 attenuated the aggravating effect of DON on IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation. In conclusion, a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON enhances the inflammatory response through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway when inflammation occurs in the body. These results indicated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON could aggravate inflammation when inflammation was induced by IL-10 knockdown, which increases vigilance against DON contamination at low concentration especially when an animal's body has inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziman Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiangyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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14
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Zhu M, Lu EQ, Fang YX, Liu GW, Cheng YJ, Huang K, Xu E, Zhang YY, Wang XJ. Piceatannol Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:855. [PMID: 38398607 PMCID: PMC10891758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin that is widely found in various foods and feeds, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the natural polyphenol piceatannol (PIC) against DON-induced damage in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that PIC promotes IPEC-J2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it not only significantly relieved DON-induced decreases in cell viability and proliferation but also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further studies demonstrated that PIC alleviated DON-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing the protein expression levels of the antioxidant factors NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTα4). In addition, PIC inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-B (NF-κB) pathway, downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) to attenuate DON-induced inflammatory responses, and further mitigated DON-induced cellular intestinal barrier injury by regulating the protein expression of Occludin. These findings indicated that PIC had a significant protective effect against DON-induced damage. This study provides more understanding to support PIC as a feed additive for pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - En-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong-Xia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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15
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Zheng Y, Gao B, Wu J, Wang X, Han B, Tao H, Liu J, Wang Z, Wang J. Degradation of deoxynivalenol by a microbial consortia C1 from duck intestine. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:147-158. [PMID: 38064000 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most widespread mycotoxins in food and feed, poses a persistent health threat to humans and farm animals, and is difficult to eliminate. The utilization of the biotransformation mechanism by microorganisms to detoxify DON is a promising strategy. Although individual strains are capable of DON degradation, their isolation and purification are challenging and time-consuming. Recently, the microbial consortia concept has been proposed, owing to their ability to perform more complex tasks and are more tolerant to environmental changes than individual strains or species. In this study, the novel microbial consortia C1 that could efficiently convert DON to de-epoxy DON (DOM-1) was screened from the cecum contents of ducks. After 24 h anaerobic incubation, 100 μg/ml DON was completely degraded by C1. In vitro, C1 can effectively degrade DON in corn steep liquor (CSL) with an efficiency of 49.44% within 14 days. Furthermore, C1 effectively alleviated the DON poisoning in mice. After C1 treatment, the serum DON level decreased by 40.39%, and the reduction in serum total protein and albumin levels were mitigated. Additionally, C1 is effective in protecting the mouse liver against 5 mg/kg DON. These findings suggest that C1 could be a promising DON biological detoxifier and provide novel microbial resources for preventing DON contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Boquan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Laboratory of Pet Nutrition and Food, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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16
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Djouina M, Waxin C, Caboche S, Lecointe K, Steimle A, Beury D, Desai MS, Hot D, Dubuquoy L, Launay D, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Low dose dietary contamination with deoxynivalenol mycotoxin exacerbates enteritis and colorectal cancer in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165722. [PMID: 37482350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of grain and cereal products worldwide. Exposure to DON can cause gastrointestinal inflammation, disturb gut barrier function, and induce gut dysbiosis in vivo under basal conditions, but little is known about the effects of DON ingestion in individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease. OBJECTIVES Mice were orally exposed to 10 and 100 μg/kg bw/day of DON, corresponding to 10 to 100-fold human tolerable daily intake concentrations, and to the translation in mice of current human daily intake. The effects of DON exposure were explored under steady-state conditions, and in murine models of enteritis and colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS After 8 days of DON exposure, an increase of histomorphological and molecular parameters of epithelial proliferation were observed in normal mice, from the duodenum to the colon. The same exposure in a murine model of indomethacin-induced enteritis led to exacerbation of lesion development and induction of ileal cytokines. DON exposure also worsened the development of colitis-associated CRC in mice as shown by increases in endoscopic and histological colitis scores, tumor grades, and histological hyperplasia. In colon of DON-exposed mice, upstream and downstream ERK signaling genes were upregulated including Mapk1, Mapk3, Map 2k1, Map2k2 core ERK pathway effectors, and Bcl2 and Bcl2l1 antiapoptotic genes. The effects observed in the CRC model were associated with alterations in cecal microbiota taxonomic composition and metabolism of bacterial fucose and rhamnose. Strong Spearman's correlations were revealed between the relative abundance of the changed bacterial genera and CRC-related variables. DISCUSSION Ingestion of DON mycotoxin at concentrations representative of human real-world exposure worsened the development of indomethacin-induced enteritis and colitis-associated CRC in mice. Our results suggest that even at low doses, which are currently tolerated in the human diet, DON could promote the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Lecointe
- Inserm U1285, Univ. Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexander Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Delphine Beury
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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17
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Koletsi P, Wiegertjes GF, Graat EAM, de Kool M, Lyons P, Schrama JW. Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) with other Fusarium mycotoxins on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance and health. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:405-420. [PMID: 37470898 PMCID: PMC10635917 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed whether the toxicological effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium graminearum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are altered by the co-exposure to a mixture of toxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (FUmix). This FUmix contained fusaric acid and fumonisin B1, B2 and B3. Four diets were formulated according to a 2 × 2 factorial design: CON-CON; CON-FUmix; DON-CON; and DON-FUmix. Diets with and without DON contained on average 2700 and 0 µg/kg feed, respectively. The sum of the analysed FUmix toxins was 12,700 and 100 µg/kg feed in the diets with and without FUmix, respectively. The experiment consisted of a 6-week restrictive feeding period immediately followed by a 2-week ad libitum feeding period. Growth performance measurements were taken per feeding period. Histopathological measurements in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (pyloric caeca, midgut and hindgut) were assessed at the end of week 1 and week 6 of the restrictive feeding period and at week 8, the last day of the ad libitum feeding period. During both restrictive and ad libitum feeding, the effects of FUmix and DON on growth performance were additive (no interaction effect; p > 0.05). During the restrictive feeding period, exposure to DON (p ≤ 0.001) and FUmix (p ≤ 0.01) inhibited growth and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). During this period, DON exposure decreased the protein (p ≤ 0.001) and energy retention (p ≤ 0.05) in the trout. During the ad libitum feeding period, FUmix affected HSI (p ≤ 0.01), while DON exposure reduced feed intake (p ≤ 0.001) and growth (p ≤ 0.001) and increased FCR (p ≤ 0.01). In general, for both liver and intestinal tissue measurements, no interaction effects between DON and FUmix were observed. In the liver, histopathological analysis revealed mild alterations, increased necrosis score by DON (p ≤ 0.01), increased glycogen vacuolization by FUmix (p ≤ 0.05) and decreased percentage of pleomorphic nuclei by FUmix (p ≤ 0.01). DON had a minor impact on the intestinal histological measurements. Over time, some of the liver (glycogen vacuolization score, pleomorphic nuclei; p ≤ 0.01) and intestinal measurements (mucosal fold and enterocyte width; p ≤ 0.01) were aggravated in fish fed the FUmix contaminated diets, with the most severe alterations being noted at week 8. Overall, the co-exposure to FUmix and DON gave rise to additive effects but showed no synergistic or antagonistic effects for the combination of DON with other Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Koletsi
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Alltech Biotechnology Inc, Dunboyne, A86 X006, Ireland.
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Graat
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn de Kool
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lyons
- Alltech Biotechnology Inc, Dunboyne, A86 X006, Ireland
| | - Johan W Schrama
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Hou L, Yuan H, Liu Y, Sun X, Chang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Sun J, Wang Q, Chen F. Effect of deoxynivalenol on inflammatory injury on the glandular stomach in chick embryos. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102870. [PMID: 37660451 PMCID: PMC10491726 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) has a strong toxic effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa of poultry. In this study, we evaluated chicken embryo development and glandular stomach damage to clarify the immunotoxic effects of DON injected through the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos. The glandular stomach index, routine blood indices, plasma inflammatory factors, pathological changes in the glandular stomach, and transcriptome results were analyzed in the hatching chicks. The results showed that DON was supertoxic to chicken embryos, causing edema, shedding, and bleeding of the mucosa of the glandular stomach, which triggered inflammatory reactions. As the toxin concentration increased, the immune system was successively activated and inhibited, and regulation was carried out by the differential regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. These results suggested that the immunotoxic effect of DON on the glandular stomach of chicken embryos was closely related to the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Hou
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiagao Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieyu Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
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19
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Deng Y, You L, Wang X, Wu W, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37437258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most frequently present mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed, causing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Currently, a series of mechanisms involved in DON toxicity have been identified. In addition to the activation of oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway, DON can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which further regulates reactive oxygen species production and cancer cell apoptosis. Noncoding RNA and signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, FOXO, and TLR4/NF-κB also participate in DON toxicity. The intestinal microbiota and the brain-gut axis play a crucial role in DON-induced growth inhibition. In view of the synergistic toxic effect of DON and other mycotoxins, strategies to detect DON and control it biologically and the development of enzymes for the biodegradation of various mycotoxins and their introduction in the market are the current and future research hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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20
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Ye Y, Jiang M, Hong X, Fu Y, Chen Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhou E, Wang J, Yang Z. Quercetin Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal Damage by Suppressing Inflammation and Ferroptosis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37392437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins found in food and feed, can cause gastrointestinal inflammation and systemic immunosuppression, presenting a serious hazard to human and animal health. Quercetin (QUE) is a plant polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this research, we investigated the potential function of QUE as a treatment for DON-induced intestinal damage. Thirty male specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to treatment with QUE (50 mg/kg) and/or DON (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg). We found that QUE attenuated DON-induced intestinal damage in mice by improving jejunal structural injury and changing tight junction proteins (claudin-1, claudin-3, ZO-1, and occludin) levels. QUE also suppressed DON-triggered intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, QUE decreased the oxidative stress caused by DON by enhancing the concentrations of SOD and GSH, while diminishing the contents of MDA. In particular, QUE reduced DON-induced intestinal ferroptosis. DON-induced intestinal damage elevated TfR and 4HNE levels, along with transcription levels of ferroptosis-related genes (PTGS2, ACSL4, and HAMP1) while diminishing mRNA levels of FTH1, SLC7A11, GPX4, FPN1, and FSP1, all of which were reversed by QUE treatment. Our findings imply that QUE alleviates DON-induced intestinal injury in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and ferroptosis. In this study, we elucidate the toxicological mechanism of DON, provide a basic foundation or theory for future DON prevention and treatment, and explore strategies to prevent and alleviate DON's hazardous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingzhen Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyao Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiwu Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanpeng Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youpeng Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang C, Lin R, Qi X, Xu Q, Sun X, Zhao Y, Jiang T, Jiang J, Sun Y, Deng Y, Wen J. Alternative glucose uptake mediated by β-catenin/RSK1 axis under stress stimuli in mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115645. [PMID: 37321415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells adapt to stress conditions by increasing glucose uptake as cytoprotective strategy. The efficiency of glucose uptake is determined by the translocation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) from cytosolic vesicles to cellular membranes in many tissues and cells. GLUT translocation is tightly controlled by the activation of Tre-2/BUB2/CDC16 1 domain family 4 (TBC1D4) via its phosphorylation. The mechanisms of glucose uptake under stress conditions remain to be clarified. In this study, we surprisingly found that glucose uptake is apparently increased for the early response to three stress stimuli, glucose starvation and the exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or deoxynivalenol (DON). The stress-induced glucose uptake was mainly controlled by the increment of β-catenin level and the activation of RSK1. Mechanistically, β-catenin directly interacted with RSK1 and TBC1D4, acting as the scaffold protein to recruit activated RSK1 to promote the phosphorylation of TBC1D4. In addition, β-catenin was further stabilized due to the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity which is caused by activated RSK1 phosphorylating GSK3β at Ser9. In general, this triple protein complex consisting of β-catenin, phosphorylated RSK1, and TBC1D4 were increased in the early response to these stress signals, and consequently, further promoted the phosphorylation of TBC1D4 to facilitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. Our study revealed that the β-catenin/RSK1 axis contributed to the increment of glucose uptake for cellular adaption to these stress conditions, shedding new insights into cellular energy utilization under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xueying Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xingsheng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tianqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Ferroptosis is involved in deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal damage in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 36922863 PMCID: PMC10018831 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread issue for feed and food safety, leading to animal and human health risks. The objective of this study was to determine whether ferroptosis is involved in DON-induced intestinal injury in piglets. Three groups of 21-day-old male weanling piglets (n = 7/group) were fed a control diet, or diet adding 1.0 or 3.0 mg DON/kg. At week 4, serum and small intestines were collected to assay for biochemistry, histology, redox status and ferroptosis-related genes expression. In addition, the involvement of ferroptosis and the role of FTL gene in DON-induced cell death were further verified in the IPEC-J2 cells. RESULTS Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of DON at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg induced different degrees of damage in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and increased (P < 0.05) serum lipopolysaccharide concentration by 46.2%-51.4%. Dietary DON supplementation at 1.0 and (or) 3.0 mg/kg increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of malondialdehyde (17.4%-86.5%) and protein carbonyl by 33.1%-92.3% in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In addition, dietary supplemented with DON upregulated (P < 0.05) ferroptotic gene (DMT1) and anti-ferroptotic genes (FTL and FTH1), while downregulated (P < 0.05) anti-ferroptotic genes (FPN, FSP1 and CISD1) in the duodenum of the porcine. Furthermore, the in vitro study has demonstrated that deferiprone, a potent ferroptotic inhibitor, mitigated (P < 0.05) DON-induced cytotoxicity in porcine small intestinal IPEC-J2 cells. Additionally, deferiprone prevented or alleviated (P < 0.05) the dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes (ACSL4 and FTL) by DON in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, specific siRNA knockdown FTL gene expression compromised the DON-induced cell death in IPEC-J2 cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in DON-induced intestinal damage in porcine, and sheds a new light on the toxicity of DON to piglets.
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Yang X, Huang T, Chen Y, Chen F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Song W, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Wang F, Zhang C. Deoxynivalenol induces testicular ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/System Xc -/GPX4 axis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113730. [PMID: 36925038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed. DON accumulation in food chain severely threatens human and animal health due to the toxic effects on the reproduction system. However, the underlying mechanism of DON on male reproductive dysfunction is still in debate and there is little information about whether DON triggers testicular ferroptosis. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups and treated by oral gavage with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg BW DON for 28 days. Firstly, we proved that male reproduction dysfunction was induced by DON through assessing testicular histopathology, serum testosterone level as well as blood-testis barrier integrity. Then, we verified ferroptosis occurred in DON-induced testicular dysfunction model through disrupting iron homeostasis, increasing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting system Xc-/Gpx4 axis. Notably, the present data showed DON reduced antioxidant capacity via blocking Nrf2 pathway to lead to the further weakness of ferroptosis resistance. Altogether, these results indicated that DON caused mice testicular ferroptosis associated with inhibiting Nrf2/System Xc-/GPx4 axis, which provided that maintaining testicular iron homeostasis and activating Nrf2 pathway may be a potential target for alleviating testicular toxicity of DON in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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Gan F, Lin Z, Tang J, Chen X, Huang K. Deoxynivalenol at No-Observed Adverse-Effect Levels Aggravates DSS-Induced Colitis through the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4144-4152. [PMID: 36847760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) involves complex genetic and environmental factors such as mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a well-known mycotoxin, contaminates food and feed and can induce intestinal injury and inflammatory response. The dose of DON in many foods is also below the limit, although the dose of DON exceeds the limit. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the nontoxic dose of DON on colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and the mechanism in mice. The results showed a nontoxic dose of DON at 50 μg/kg bw per day exacerbated DSS-induced colitis in mice as demonstrated by increased disease activity index, decreased colon length, increased morphological damage, decreased occludin and mucoprotein 2 expression, increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression, and decreased IL-10 expression. DON at 50 μg/kg bw per day enhanced JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation induced by DSS. Adding JAK2 inhibitor AG490 attenuated the aggravating effects of DON on DSS-induced colitis by reversing the morphological damage, occludin and mucoprotein 2 expression increased, IL-1β and TNF-α expression increased, and IL-10 expression decreased. Taken together, a nontoxic dose of DON could aggravate DSS-induced colitis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This suggests that DON, below the standard limit dose, is also a risk for IBD and may be harmful to the health of humans and animals, which could provide the basis for establishing limits for DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziman Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiangyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Province, China
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UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Mediates Cell Wall Integrity, Polarity Growth, and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0123522. [PMID: 36656025 PMCID: PMC9972967 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CHY1 is a zinc finger protein unique to microorganisms that was found to regulate polarized tip growth in Fusarium graminearum, an important pathogen of wheat and barley. To further characterize its functions, in this study we identified CHY1-interacting proteins by affinity purification and selected UDP-galactofuranose (Galf) mutase (UGMA) for detailed characterization, because UGMA and UDP-Galf are unique to fungi and bacteria and absent in plants and animals. The interaction between CHY1 and UGMA was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assays. Deletion of UGMA in F. graminearum resulted in significant defects in vegetative growth, reproduction, cell wall integrity, and pathogenicity. Infection with the ΔugmA mutant was restricted to the inoculated floret, and no vomitoxin was detected in kernels inoculated with the ΔugmA strain. Compared to the wild type, the ΔugmA mutant produced wide, highly branched hyphae with thick walls, as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. UGMA tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, consistent with the synthesis of Galf in the cytoplasm. The Δchy1 mutant was more sensitive, while the ΔugmA mutant was more tolerant, to cell wall-degrading enzymes. The growth of the ΔugmA mutant nearly ceased upon caspofungin treatment. More interestingly, nocodazole treatment of the ΔugmA strain attenuated its highly branched morphology, while caspofungin inhibited the degree of the twisted Δchy1 mycelia, indicating that CHY1 and UGMA probably have opposite effects on cell wall architecture. In conclusion, UGMA is an important pathogenic factor that is specific to fungi and bacteria and required for cell wall architecture, radial growth, and caspofungin tolerance, and it appears to be a promising target for antifungal agent development. IMPORTANCE The long-term use of chemical pesticides has had increasingly negative impacts on the ecological environment and human health. Low-toxicity, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly alternative pesticides are of great significance for maintaining the sustainable development of agriculture and human and environmental health. Using fungus- or microbe-specific genes as candidate targets provides a good foundation for the development of low-toxicity, environmentally friendly pesticides. In this study, we characterized a fungus- and bacterium-specific UDP-galactopyranose mutase gene, ugmA, that contributes to the synthesis of the cell wall component Galf and is required for vegetative growth, cell wall integrity, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and pathogenicity in F. graminearum. The ugmA deletion mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to caspofungin. These results demonstrate the functional importance of UGMA in F. graminearum, and its absence from mammals and higher plants constitutes a considerable advantage as a low-toxicity target for the development of new anti-Fusarium agents.
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Koletsi P, Wiegertjes GF, Graat EAM, Lyons P, Schrama J. Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Dietary Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Organism and Tissue Level. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110810. [PMID: 36422984 PMCID: PMC9697072 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study with juvenile rainbow trout evaluated the effects of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) at industrially relevant doses (up to 1.6 mg/kg) on growth performance, the liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. Fifteen groups of 30 fish each were given one of five dietary treatments in triplicate: (1) control diet (CON; DON < 100 µg/kg feed), (2) naturally DON-contaminated diet (ND1) with a DON content of 700 µg/kg in the feed, (3) ND2 with a DON content of 1200 µg/kg feed, (4) a pure DON-contaminated diet (PD1) with 800 µg/kg of DON in the feed, and (5) PD2 with DON at a concentration of 1600 µg/kg in the feed. The feeding trial lasted eight weeks: six weeks of restrictive feeding followed by two weeks of ad libitum feeding. Exposure to DON during restrictive feeding for six weeks did not affect the growth performance of trout but did lead to a reduction in retained protein in fish fed with higher doses of DON in the ND2 and PD2 groups. During the two following weeks of ad libitum feeding, feed intake was similar among all groups, but body weight gain was lower in the ND2 and PD2 groups and feed efficiency was higher in PD2 (week 8). Histopathological assessment revealed liver damage, including altered nuclear characteristics and haemorrhages, in groups fed higher doses of natural DON (ND2) after just one week of restrictive feeding. Liver damage (necrosis and haemorrhage presence in ND2) was alleviated over time (week 6) but was again aggravated after ad libitum exposure (week 8). In contrast, gastrointestinal tract damage was generally mild with only a few histopathological alterations, and the absence of an inflammatory cytokine response was demonstrated by PCR at week 8. In conclusion, ad libitum dietary exposure of rainbow trout to either natural or pure DON resulted in reduced growth (dose-dependent), while restrictive exposure revealed time-dependent effects of natural DON in terms of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Koletsi
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. M. Graat
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lyons
- Alltech Biotechnology Inc., A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland
| | - Johan Schrama
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Xiao Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang H, Wu S, Bao W. Analysis of the roles of the Notch1 signalling pathway in modulating deoxynivalenol cytotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114183. [PMID: 36270035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecenes produced by fungi that is widespread and poses a threat to human and animal health. The Notch1 signalling pathway is tightly involved in cell fate determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the Notch1 signalling pathway in DON exposure. Herein, we found that the Notch1 signalling pathway was significantly activated after DON exposure, while Notch1 expression was negatively regulated by DON-induced ROS. Then, the Notch1 signalling pathway was blocked by the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT in DON exposure. Flow cytometry analysis and antioxidant parameter measurements revealed that DAPT treatment significantly aggravated the oxidative stress induced by DON. The detection of apoptosis showed that DAPT treatment increased the cell apoptotic rate. Further analysis revealed that inhibiting the Notch1 signalling pathway reduced autophagy upon DON exposure. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that inhibiting the Notch1 signalling pathway aggravated cellular inflammation and activated the MAPK pathway, indicating that the MAPK pathway may be the downstream signalling pathway. Taken together, our research revealed that the Notch1 signalling pathway is essential for protection against DON. Inhibition of Notch1 signalling increases oxidative stress, causes cell apoptosis, reduces autophagy and aggravates cell inflammation after DON exposure. This study investigated the role of the Notch1 signalling pathway in DON exposure and provided a basis for exploring the mechanism of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jingneng Wang
- Shanghai Xiongtu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Shanghai Xiongtu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China.
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Kang TH, Kang KS, Lee SI. Deoxynivalenol Induces Apoptosis via FOXO3a-Signaling Pathway in Small-Intestinal Cells in Pig. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090535. [PMID: 36136500 PMCID: PMC9503759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that is found in feed ingredients derived from grains such as corn and wheat. Consumption of DON-contaminated feed has been shown to cause damage to the intestine, kidneys, and liver. However, the molecular mechanism by which DON exerts its effect in the small intestine is not completely understood. As a result, we profiled gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells treated with DON and examined the molecular function in vitro. We hypothesized that DON could induce apoptosis via the FOXO3a-signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells based on these findings. DON induced the apoptosis and the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus. Moreover, the inhibiting of FOXO3a alleviated the apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related genes (TRAL, BCL-6, CASP8, and CASP3). ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment suppressed the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus. Our discovery suggests that DON induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through the FOXO3a-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hong Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kang
- Department of Bio Life Sciences, Shingu College, Seongnam-si 13174, Korea
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-4183-5831
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Deoxynivalenol induces caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and inflammation in mouse liver and HepaRG cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3091-3112. [PMID: 35925383 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequent food and feed contaminant, poses a severe threat to human and livestock health. Some studies have demonstrated that DON could induce liver damage and cell death. However, novel cell death styles and detailed mechanisms to explain DON-induced liver inflammatory injury are still lacking. Here, we found both chronic and subacute oral administration of DON (3 mg/kg for 4 weeks and 4 mg/kg for 8 days) induced mouse liver inflammatory injury and activated caspase-3, PARP and gasdermin E (GSDME), which were inhibited by caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD and Ac-DEVD. In vitro, HepaRG cells showed typical pyroptotic characteristics after 32 and 64 μM DON exposure for 24 h, including balloon-like bubbling emerging, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 and activation of caspase-3 and GSDME. Furthermore, knocking down GSDME and inhibiting caspases activity by Z-VAD and Z-DEVD dramatically blocked DON-induced pyroptotic characteristics, while over-expressed GSDME prompted that. These data demonstrate that caspase-3/GSDME pathway plays a key factor in DON-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in liver. Interestingly, knocking down GSDME could inhibit DON-induced pyroptosis but prompt DON-induced apoptosis, while opposite results were obtained when over-expressed GSDME, indicating the critical role of GSDME in DON-induced crosstalk between apoptosis and pyroptosis. Taken together, our data determine DON-induced caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in liver and its role in DON-induced liver inflammatory injury, which provide a novel mechanistic view into DON-induced hepatotoxicity and may offer a new target to reduce latent harm of DON to both humans and animals.
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Inhibitory Effect Mediated by Deoxynivalenol on Rumen Fermentation under High-Forage Substrate. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi. To investigate its ruminal degradability and its effect on rumen fermentation, a 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted in vitro with two feed substrates with different forage levels (high forage (HF), forage-to-concentrate = 4:1; low forage (LF), forage-to-concentrate = 1:4) and five DON additions per substrate (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of dry matter). After 48 h incubation, the DON degradability in the HF group was higher than in the LF group (p < 0.01), and it decreased along with the increase in DON concentrations (p < 0.01), which varied from 57.18% to 29.01% at 48 h. In addition, the gas production rate, total VFA production and microbial crude protein decreased linearly against the increase in DON additions (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of CH4 in the fermentation gas end-products increased linearly, especially in the HF group (p < 0.01). In brief, rumen microorganisms presented 29–57% of the DON degradation ability and were particularly significant under a high-forage substrate. Along with the increasing DON addition, the toxin degradability decreased, showing a dose-dependent response. However, DON inhibited rumen fermentation and increased methane production when it exceeded 5 mg/kg of dry matter.
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Lithocholic Acid Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Lethal Cholesterol Metabolic Abnormalities in IPI-2I Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070659. [PMID: 35888783 PMCID: PMC9316497 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi. Ingestion of feed containing DON causes severe intestinal damage in humans and animals, possibly due to cholesterol-enriched lipid raft abnormalities. Cholic acid (CA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) are metabolites of cholesterol transformation, which have been proven to benefit epithelial cell proliferation and reduce intestinal inflammation and lesions. Therefore, we aimed to study the protective roles of CA and LCA administration on the DON-exposed intestinal epithelial cells (IPI-2I) and the underlying mechanisms involved in cholesterol metabolism. We found that LCA pretreatment, but not CA, alleviated the reduction of cell numbers caused by DON exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LCA restored the DON-induced cell apoptosis by reducing the cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP-1 expression. DON-increased cellular cholesterol and bile acid contents were significantly reduced when LCA was co-treated. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that the aberrant cholesterol homeostasis genes profile was observed in the cells exposed to DON or pretreated with LCA. We also validated that the key genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and transformation (cholesterol to bile acids) were strongly inhibited by the LCA treatment in the DON-exposed cells. Together, this study demonstrated that LCA ameliorated DON-caused toxic apoptosis in IPI-2I cells by maintaining cholesterol metabolism. We suggest that as an endogenous metabolite, LCA may be used as a therapeutic and/or integrated into a dietary intervention against mycotoxin toxicity.
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Li K, Yu D, Yan Z, Liu N, Fan Y, Wang C, Wu A. Exploration of Mycotoxin Accumulation and Transcriptomes of Different Wheat Cultivars during Fusarium graminearum Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070482. [PMID: 35878220 PMCID: PMC9318452 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, and can cause Fusarium head blight (FHB). F. graminearum infection and mycotoxin production mainly present in wheat and can be influenced by environmental factors and wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of wheat cultivars and interacting conditions of temperature and water activity (aw) on mycotoxin production by two strains of F. graminearum and investigate the response mechanisms of different wheat cultivars to F. graminearum infection. In this regard, six cultivars of wheat spikes under field conditions and three cultivars of post-harvest wheat grains under three different temperature conditions combined with five water activity (aw) conditions were used for F. graminearum infection in our studies. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis showed significant differences in the concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivative deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) resulting from wheat cultivars and environmental factors. Transcriptome profiles of wheat infected with F. graminearum revealed the lower expression of disease defense-factor-related genes, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-encoding genes and hypersensitivity response (HR)-related genes of infected Annong 0711 grains compared with infected Sumai 3 grains. These findings demonstrated the optimal temperature and air humidity resulting in mycotoxin accumulation, which will be beneficial in determining the conditions of the relative level of risk of contamination with FHB and mycotoxins. More importantly, our transcriptome profiling illustrated differences at the molecular level between wheat cultivars with different FHB resistances, which will lay the foundation for further research on mycotoxin biosynthesis of F. graminearum and regulatory mechanisms of wheat to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54920716
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Smaoui S, Agriopoulou S, D'Amore T, Tavares L, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The control of Fusarium growth and decontamination of produced mycotoxins by lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11125-11152. [PMID: 35708071 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global crop and food contamination with mycotoxins are one of the primary worldwide concerns, while there are several restrictions regarding approaching conventional physical and chemical mycotoxins decontamination methods due to nutrition loss, sensory attribute reduction in foods, chemical residual, inconvenient operation, high cost of equipment, and high energy consumption of some methods. In this regard, the overarching challenges of mycotoxin contamination in food and food crops require the development of biological decontamination strategies. Using certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as generally recognized safe (GRAS) compounds is one of the most effective alternatives due to their potential to release antifungal metabolites against various fungal factors species. This review highlights the potential applications of LAB as biodetoxificant agents and summarizes their decontamination activities against Fusarium growth and Fusarium mycotoxins released into food/feed. Firstly, the occurrence of Fusarium and the instrumental and bioanalytical methods for the analysis of mycotoxins were in-depth discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthesis pathway of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium offers new insightful ideas clarifying the function of these secondary metabolites. Moreover, the characterization of LAB metabolites and their impact on the decontamination of the mycotoxin from Fusarium, besides the main mechanisms of mycotoxin decontamination, are covered. While the thematic growth inhibition of Fusarium and decontamination of their mycotoxin by LAB is very complex, approaching certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is worth deeper investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Teresa D'Amore
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Foggia, Italy
| | - Loleny Tavares
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid on Deoxynivalenol-Induced Toxicity in IPEC-J2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040275. [PMID: 35448884 PMCID: PMC9027710 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that contaminates crops such as wheat and corn, can cause severe acute or chronic injury when ingested by animals or humans. This study investigated the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA), a polyphenolic substance, on alleviating the toxicity induced by DON (40 μM) in IPEC-J2 cells. The experiments results showed that FA not only alleviated the decrease in cell viability caused by DON (p < 0.05), but increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), (catalase) CAT and glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-epoxy chloropropane Kelch sample related protein-1 (keap1) pathway, and then decreased the levels of intracellular oxidative stress. Additionally, FA could alleviate DON-induced inflammation through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, down-regulated the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.0001), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.05), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and further attenuated the DON-induced intracellular apoptosis (10.7% to 6.84%) by regulating the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) (p < 0.0001), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) (p < 0.0001), and caspase-3 (p < 0.0001). All these results indicate that FA exhibits a significantly protective effect against DON-induced toxicity.
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