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Anthonymuthu S, Sabui S, Sheikh A, Fleckenstein JM, Said HM. Tumor necrosis factor α impedes colonic thiamin pyrophosphate and free thiamin uptake: involvement of JNK/ERK 1/2-mediated pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1664-C1680. [PMID: 36342158 PMCID: PMC9744649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00458.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TNFα (i.e., a predominant proinflammatory cytokine produced during chronic gut inflammation) on colonic uptake of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) and free thiamin, forms of vitamin B1 that are produced by the gut microbiota and are absorbed via distinct carrier-mediated systems. We utilized human-derived colonic epithelial CCD841 and NCM460 cells, human differentiated colonoid monolayers, and mouse intact colonic tissue preparations together with an array of cellular/molecular approaches in our investigation. The results showed that exposure of colonic epithelial cells to TNFα leads to a significant inhibition in TPP and free thiamin uptake. This inhibition was associated with: 1) a significant suppression in the level of expression of the colonic TPP transporter (cTPPT; encoded by SLC44A4), as well as thiamin transporters-1 & 2 (THTR-1 & -2; encoded by SLC19A2 & SLC19A3, respectively); 2) marked inhibition in activity of the SLC44A4, SLC19A2, and SLC19A3 promoters; and 3) significant suppression in level of expression of nuclear factors that are needed for activity of these promoters (i.e., CREB-1, Elf-3, NF-1A, SP-1). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects were found to be mediated via JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We also examined the level of expression of cTPPT and THTR-1 & -2 in colonic tissues of patients with active ulcerative colitis and found the levels to be significantly lower than in healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that exposure of colonocytes to TNFα suppresses TPP and free thiamin uptake at the transcriptional level via JNK- and Erk1/2-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Anthonymuthu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Alaullah Sheikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James M Fleckenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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2
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Tochitani S. Taurine: A Maternally Derived Nutrient Linking Mother and Offspring. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030228. [PMID: 35323671 PMCID: PMC8954275 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals can obtain taurine from food and synthesize it from sulfur-containing amino acids. Mammalian fetuses and infants have little ability to synthesize taurine. Therefore, they are dependent on taurine given from mothers either via the placenta or via breast milk. Many lines of evidence demonstrate that maternally derived taurine is essential for offspring development, shaping various traits in adults. Various environmental factors, including maternal obesity, preeclampsia, and undernutrition, can affect the efficacy of taurine transfer via either the placenta or breast milk. Thus, maternally derived taurine during the perinatal period can influence the offspring’s development and even determine health and disease later in life. In this review, I will discuss the biological function of taurine during development and the regulatory mechanisms of taurine transport from mother to offspring. I also refer to the possible environmental factors affecting taurine functions in mother-offspring bonding during perinatal periods. The possible functions of taurine as a determinant of gut microbiota and in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Tochitani
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-59-373-7069
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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3
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Satsu H, Fukumura M, Watari K. Regulation of CXCR4 Expression by Taurine in Macrophage-Like Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:41-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Abraham JR, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2847. [PMID: 32957558 PMCID: PMC7551180 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a non-protein amino acid that is expressed in the majority of animal tissues. With its unique sulfonic acid makeup, taurine influences cellular functions, including osmoregulation, antioxidation, ion movement modulation, and conjugation of bile acids. Taurine exerts anti-inflammatory effects that improve diabetes and has shown benefits to the cardiovascular system, possibly by inhibition of the renin angiotensin system. The beneficial effects of taurine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (L.K.G.); (K.R.M.); (J.R.A.); (V.A.); (A.Z.)
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5
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Hecel A, Ostrowska M, Stokowa-Sołtys K, Wątły J, Dudek D, Miller A, Potocki S, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Dominguez-Martin A, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Zinc(II)-The Overlooked Éminence Grise of Chloroquine's Fight against COVID-19? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E228. [PMID: 32882888 PMCID: PMC7558363 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn(II) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are Zn(II) ionophores-this statement gives a curious mind a lot to think about. We show results of the first clinical trials on chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID-19, as well as earlier reports on the anticoronaviral properties of these two compounds and of Zn(II) itself. Other FDA-approved Zn(II) ionophores are given a decent amount of attention and are thought of as possible COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hecel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Ostrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Joanna Wątły
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Dorota Dudek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Adriana Miller
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sławomir Potocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening Laboratory of Biological Activity Tests and Collection of Biological Material, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicia Dominguez-Martin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Opole Medical School, Katowicka 68, 40-060 Opole, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rowińska-Żyrek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.O.); (K.S.-S.); (J.W.); (D.D.); (A.M.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
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6
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Baliou S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Goulielmaki M, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. Significance of taurine transporter (TauT) in homeostasis and its layers of regulation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2163-2173. [PMID: 32705197 PMCID: PMC7411481 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2‑aminoethanesulfonic acid) contributes to homeostasis, mainly through its antioxidant and osmoregulatory properties. Taurine's influx and efflux are mainly mediated through the ubiquitous expression of the sodium/chloride‑dependent taurine transporter, located on the plasma membrane. The significance of the taurine transporter has been shown in various organ malfunctions in taurine‑transporter‑null mice. The taurine transporter differentially responds to various cellular stimuli including ionic environment, electrochemical charge, and pH changes. The renal system has been used as a model to evaluate the factors that significantly determine the regulation of taurine transporter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Michalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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7
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Satsu H, Gondo Y, Shimanaka H, Watari K, Fukumura M, Shimizu M. Effect of Taurine on Cell Function via TXNIP Induction in Caco-2 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:163-172. [PMID: 31468395 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulfur-containing β-amino acid, is a free amino acid present in high concentrations in mammalian tissues. Taurine has pivotal roles in anti-oxidation, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, anti-inflammation, and other process. In a DNA microarray analysis, we previously found that taurine markedly increases the mRNA expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of these taurine-induced changes in TXNIP on the function of Caco-2 cells. We found that taurine decreases glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. The taurine-induced decrease in glucose uptake was completely abolished by transfection with siRNA against TXNIP, suggesting that TXNIP is involved in the taurine-induced down-regulation of glucose uptake. We also revealed that taurine induces AMPK activation and further increases the intracellular ATP content in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that taurine could regulate the function of Caco-2 cells via TXNIP induction, leading to extend our understanding of the functions of taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Gondo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Shimanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watari
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Midori Fukumura
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Tsunekawa M, Wang S, Kato T, Yamashita T, Ma N. Taurine Administration Mitigates Cisplatin Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity by Decreasing DNA Damage and Inflammation: An Immunocytochemical Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:703-716. [PMID: 28849493 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of many kind of solid tumors. Its primary side effect is nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study to investigate the effects of taurine on cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity. A single intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (15 mg/kg, or 25 mg/kg) deteriorated the kidney functions as reflected by histopathological changes. Histopathological changes were observed in all cisplatin groups. In the cisplatin group, oxidative stress was evident in the cisplatin group by observing an increase in 8-OHdG expression, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage. CDDP also resulted to an increase in CD68 expression in the renal tissues of CDDP groups. Taurine transporter (TauT) was down-regulated, and p53 was up-regulated in renal tissues as indicated by immunohistochemical analysis. Administration with taurine prior to a cisplatin injection was able to protect against deterioration of kidney function, to abrogate the decline in anti-oxidants and to suppress the increase in DNA damage. Moreover, taurine inhibited p53 activation and improved the pathological changes induced by cisplatin. This study demonstrates the protective effects of taurine in attenuating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and in improving antioxidant capacity in the kidney of cisplatin-injected rats. Thus, taurine could be a beneficial dietary supplement to attenuate cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsunekawa
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Shumin Wang
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kato
- Sport Medical Center, Suzukakaisei Hospital, Suzuka, 513-0836, Mie, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamashita
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 510-0293, Mie, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Mie, Japan.
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9
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Anandam KY, Alwan OA, Subramanian VS, Srinivasan P, Kapadia R, Said HM. Effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α on intestinal riboflavin uptake: inhibition mediated via transcriptional mechanism(s). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C653-C663. [PMID: 30156861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00295.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF), is essential for normal cellular metabolism/function. Intestinal RF absorption occurs via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the apical transporter RFVT-3 ( SLC52A3) and the basolateral RFVT-1 (SLC52A1). Previously, we characterized different cellular/molecular aspects of the intestinal RF uptake process, but nothing is known about the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the uptake event. We addressed this issue using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. First, we determined the level of mRNA expression of the human (h)RFVT-3 and hRFVT-1 in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and observed a markedly lower level compared with controls. In the in vitro model, exposing Caco-2 cells to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) led to a significant inhibition in RF uptake, an effect that was abrogated upon knocking down TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). The inhibition in RF uptake was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of hRFVT-3 and -1 protein and mRNA levels, as well as in the activity of the SLC52A3 and SLC52A1 promoters. The latter effects appear to involve Sp1 and NF-κB sites in these promoters. Similarly, exposure of mouse small intestinal enteroids and wild-type mice to TNF-α led to a significant inhibition in physiological and molecular parameters of intestinal RF uptake. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to TNF-α leads to inhibition in RF uptake and that this effect is mediated, at least in part, via transcriptional mechanism(s). These findings may explain the significantly low RF levels observed in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasin Yadunandam Anandam
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
| | - Omar A Alwan
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
| | - Veedamali S Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
| | - Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, California.,Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Long Beach, California
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10
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Yakymenko O, Schoultz I, Gullberg E, Ström M, Almer S, Wallon C, Wang A, Keita ÅV, Campbell BJ, McKay DM, Söderholm JD. Infliximab restores colonic barrier to adherent-invasive E. coli in Crohn's disease via effects on epithelial lipid rafts. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:677-684. [PMID: 29688802 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1458146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infliximab is important in the therapeutic arsenal of Crohn's disease (CD). However, its effect on mucosal barrier function is not fully understood. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are important in CD pathophysiology, but the transmucosal uptake routes are partly unknown. We investigated effects of infliximab on uptake of colon-specific AIEC HM427 across CD colonic mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endoscopic biopsies from non-inflamed colon of seven patients with CD, before and after two infliximab infusions, and eight non-inflammation controls, were mounted in Ussing chambers. Paracellular permeability (51Cr-EDTA) and transmucosal passage of GFP-expressing HM427 were studied. Mechanisms of HM427 transepithelial transport were investigated in Caco-2 monolayers treated with TNF, in the presence of infliximab and/or endocytosis inhibitors. RESULTS Before infliximab treatment, colonic passage of HM427 [CD: 2475 CFU (450-3000); controls 1163(225-1950)] and 51Cr-EDTA permeability were increased in CD (p < .05), but were restored to control levels by infliximab (CD: 150 (18.8-1069)). In TNF-exposed Caco-2 monolayers HM427 transport and lipid rafts/HM427 co-localization was decreased by infliximab. The lipid raft inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased HM427 transport. CONCLUSION Infliximab restored the colonic barrier to AIEC in CD; an effect partially mediated by blocking lipid rafts in epithelial cells. This ability likely contributes to infliximab's clinical efficacy in colonic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Yakymenko
- a Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Ida Schoultz
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Gullberg
- a Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Magnus Ström
- c Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- d Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,e GastroCentrum , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Conny Wallon
- a Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Arthur Wang
- f Gastrointestinal Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Åsa V Keita
- a Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Barry J Campbell
- g Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Derek M McKay
- f Gastrointestinal Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- a Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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11
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Lee S, Ro H, In HJ, Choi JH, Kim MO, Lee J, Hong ST, Lee SU. Fisetin inhibits TNF-α/NF-κB-induced IL-8 expression by targeting PKCδ in human airway epithelial cells. Cytokine 2018; 108:247-254. [PMID: 29396047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, is a therapeutic agent for respiratory inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, detailed molecular mechanisms regarding the target protein of fisetin remain unknown. Fisetin significantly reduces tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced interleukin (IL)-8 levels by inhibiting both nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and the phosphorylation of its upstream effectors. We show that fisetin prevents interactions between protein kinase C (PKC)δ and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), thereby inhibiting the inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)/NF-κB downstream signalling cascade. Furthermore, we found that fisetin directly binds to PKCδ in vitro. Our findings provide evidence that fisetin inhibits the TNF-α-activated IKK/NF-κB cascade by targeting PKCδ, thereby mediating inflammatory diseases such as COPD. These data suggest that fisetin is a good therapeutic drug for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, such as COPD, by inhibiting the TNF-α/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoghyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju In
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-Ro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Satsu H. Molecular and cellular studies on the absorption, function, and safety of food components in intestinal epithelial cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:419-425. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1259552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The intestinal tract comes into direct contact with the external environment despite being inside the body. Intestinal epithelial cells, which line the inner face of the intestinal tract, have various important functions, including absorption of food substances, immune functions such as cytokine secretion, and barrier function against xenobiotics by means of detoxification enzymes. It is likely that the functions of intestinal epithelial cells are regulated or modulated by these components because they are frequently exposed to food components at high concentrations. This review summarizes our research on the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and food components at cellular and molecular levels. The influence of xenobiotic contamination in foods on the cellular function of intestinal epithelial cells is also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
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De Santis S, Cavalcanti E, Mastronardi M, Jirillo E, Chieppa M. Nutritional Keys for Intestinal Barrier Modulation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:612. [PMID: 26697008 PMCID: PMC4670985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract represents the largest interface between the external environment and the human body. Nutrient uptake mostly happens in the intestinal tract, where the epithelial surface is constantly exposed to dietary antigens. Since inflammatory response toward these antigens may be deleterious for the host, a plethora of protective mechanisms take place to avoid or attenuate local damage. For instance, the intestinal barrier is able to elicit a dynamic response that either promotes or impairs luminal antigens adhesion and crossing. Regulation of intestinal barrier is crucial to control intestinal permeability whose increase is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. The cross talk among bacteria, immune, and dietary factors is able to modulate the mucosal barrier function, as well as the intestinal permeability. Several nutritional products have recently been proposed as regulators of the epithelial barrier, even if their effects are in part contradictory. At the same time, the metabolic function of the microbiota generates new products with different effects based on the dietary content. Besides conventional treatments, novel therapies based on complementary nutrients are now growing. Fecal therapy has been recently used for the clinical treatment of refractory Clostridium difficile infection instead of the classical antibiotic therapy. In the present review, we will outline the epithelial response to nutritional components derived from dietary intake and microbial fermentation focusing on the consequent effects on the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, IRCCS "De Bellis" , Castellana Grotte , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, IRCCS "De Bellis" , Castellana Grotte , Italy
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "De Bellis" , Castellana Grotte , Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, IRCCS "De Bellis" , Castellana Grotte , Italy ; Istituto Comprensivo Bregante-Volta , Monopoli , Italy
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Barrenetxe J, Sánchez O, Barber A, Gascón S, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Lostao MP. TNFα regulates sugar transporters in the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. Cytokine 2013; 64:181-7. [PMID: 23910014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During intestinal inflammation TNFα levels are increased and as a consequence malabsorption of nutrients may occur. We have previously demonstrated that TNFα inhibits galactose, fructose and leucine intestinal absorption in animal models. In continuation with our work, the purpose of the present study was to investigate in the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, the effect of TNFα on sugar transport and to identify the intracellular mechanisms involved. METHODS Caco-2 cells were grown on culture plates and pre-incubated during different periods with various TNFα concentrations before measuring the apical uptake of galactose, α-methyl-glucoside (MG) or fructose for 15 min. To elucidate the signaling pathway implicated, cells were pre-incubated for 30min with the PKA inhibitor H-89 or the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, before measuring the sugar uptake. The expression in the apical membrane of the transporters implicated in the sugars uptake process (SGLT1 and GLUT5) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS TNFα inhibited 0.1mM MG uptake after pre-incubation of the cells for 6-48h with the cytokine and in the absence of cytokine pre-incubation. In contrast, 5mM fructose uptake was stimulated by TNFα only after long pre-incubation times (24 and 48 h). These effects were mediated by the binding of the cytokine to its specific receptor TNFR1, present in the apical membrane of the Caco-2 cells. Analysis of the expression of the MG and fructose transporters at the brush border membrane of the cells, after 24h pre-incubation with the cytokine, revealed decrease on the amount of SGLT1 and increase on the amount of GLUT5 proteins. Short-term inhibition of MG transport by TNFα was not modified by H-89 but was blocked by chelerythrine. CONCLUSIONS SGLT1 and GLUT5 expression in the plasma membrane is regulated by TNFα in the human epithelial cell line Caco-2 cells, leading to alteration on sugars transport, suggesting that TNFα could be considered as a physiological local regulator of nutrients absorption in response to an intestinal inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Barrenetxe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
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Bianchi L, Lari R, Anichini R, De Bellis A, Berti A, Napoli Z, Seghieri G, Franconi F. Taurine transporter gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells of type 2 diabetic patients. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2267-74. [PMID: 21739148 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine acts as antioxidant, cell osmolyte, modulator of glucose metabolism, and plays a role in the retinal function. It is 10(3)-fold more concentrated in the intracellular than in the extracellular milieu due to a specific taurine-Na-dependent transporter (TauT), which is upregulated by hypertonicity, low extracellular taurine, or oxidative stress and acutely downregulated 'in vitro' by high glucose concentrations. Aim of this study was to investigate whether TauT expression was modified in mononuclear peripheral blood cells (MPC) of type 2 diabetic patients with or without micro/macrovascular complications. Plasma taurine, as well as other sulphur-containing aminoacids (assayed by HPLC) and TauT gene expression (assayed by real-time PCR analysis) were measured in MPC of 45 controls and of 81 age-and-sex matched type 2 diabetic patients with or without micro/macrovascular complications. Median value (interquartile range) of plasma taurine was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls [28.7 (13.7) μmol/l vs. 46.5 (20.3) μmol/l; P<0.05], while median TauT expression, in arbitrary units, was significantly higher in diabetics than in controls [3.8 (3.9) vs. 1 (1.3); P<0.05) and was related to HbA1c only in controls (r=0.34; P<0.05). Patients with retinopathy (n=25) had lower TauT expression than those who were unaffected [3.1 (2.8) vs. 4.1 (3.4); P<0.05], while persistent micro/macroalbuminuria was associated with unchanged TauT expression. A trend toward reduction in TauT expression was observed in patients with macroangiopathy [n=27; 3.3 (2.5) vs. 4 [3.7]; P=NS]. In conclusion, TauT gene is overexpressed in MPC of type 2 diabetic patients, while presence of retinopathy is specifically associated with a drop in TauT overexpression, suggesting its possible involvement in this microangiopathic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loria Bianchi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Spedali Riuniti, Pistoia, Italy
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16
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Lee NY, Kang YS. Regulation of taurine transport at the blood-placental barrier by calcium ion, PKC activator and oxidative stress conditions. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S37. [PMID: 20804613 PMCID: PMC2994386 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated the changes of uptake and efflux transport of taurine under various stress conditions using rat conditionally immortalized syncytiotrophoblast cell line (TR-TBT cells), as in vitro blood-placental barrier (BPB) model. METHODS The transport of taurine in TR-TBT cells were characterized by cellular uptake study using radiolabeled taurine. The efflux of taurine was measured from the amount of radiolabeled taurine remaining in the cells after the uptake of radiolabeled taurine for 60 min. RESULTS Taurine uptake was significantly decreased by phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) activator in TR-TBT cells. Also, calcium ion (Ca2+) was involved in taurine transport in TR-TBT cells. Taurine uptake was inhibited and efflux was enhanced under calcium free conditions in the cells. In addition, oxidative stress induced the change of taurine transport in TR-TBT cells, but the changes were different depending on the types of oxidative stress inducing agents. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diethyl maleate (DEM) significantly increased taurine uptake, but H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) donor decreased taurine uptake in the cells. Taurine efflux was down-regulated by TNF-alpha in TR-TBT cells. CONCLUSION Taurine transport in TR-TBT cells were regulated diversely at extracellular Ca2+ level, PKC activator and oxidative stress conditions. It suggested that variable stresses affected the taurine supplies from maternal blood to fetus and taurine level of fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Potentiation of bacterial killing activity of zinc chloride by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. J Microbiol 2010; 48:40-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-009-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shimizu M, Zhao Z, Ishimoto Y, Satsu H. Dietary taurine attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 643:265-71. [PMID: 19239157 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary taurine on the experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were studied. C57BL/6 mice administrated taurine or placebo for 5 days were given 3% DSS to induce acute. The colitis was as-sessed using indices such as diarrhea/bleeding scores, colon length change, histological score and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Further, tissue mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, were determined by real-time PCR. Taurine supplementation significantly attenuated the severity of diarrhea, colon shortening, histological score, MPO activity elevation and abnormal MIP-2 gene expression, indicating that taurine prevents DSS-induced colitis. Taurine also inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced secretion of IL-8 (a human homologue of MIP-2) from human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Inhibition of chemokine secretion from intestinal cells may be involved in the mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective function of taurine in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kang MS, Choi EK, Choi DH, Ryu SY, Lee HH, Kang HC, Koh JT, Kim OS, Hwang YC, Yoon SJ, Kim SM, Yang KH, Kang IC. Antibacterial activity of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 280:250-4. [PMID: 18248425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an antioxidant with a metal-chelating activity, has been used widely to inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated whether PDTC has an antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. The antibacterial activity of PDTC and other compounds was evaluated in vitro by the broth microdilution method against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Bacterial growth was inhibited by PDTC, where a wide range of sensitivity was demonstrated among the tested bacteria. The antibacterial activity of PDTC was reduced by the addition of copper chloride; in contrast, it was enhanced considerably by zinc chloride. Two different zinc chelators, Ca-saturated EDTA (Ca-EDTA) and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine, blocked the antibacterial activity of PDTC, whereas Zn-EDTA failed to reduce the activity of PDTC. These results demonstrate for the first time that PDTC possesses an antibacterial activity, for which zinc is required, and suggest that PDTC, possessing a dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, may be considered for topical use for inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Program, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
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Zhang KZ, Liu YF, Cheng Y, Liu SR, Wang FS, Shi R, Zhao N. Protective effect of taurine against ischemia and reperfusion injury of transplanted pancreas in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1358-1363. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i12.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of taurine (TAU) on the ischemia and reperfusion injury during pancreas transplantation and its mechanism in rats.
METHODS: Rat models of pancreatic-duodenal transplantation were used in this study. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 10), including control group (CMU-1 preservation solution), experiment group A (CMU-1 + TAU 5 mmol/L) and experiment group B (CMU-1 + TAU 10 mmol/L) (The liquid CMU-1 is multi-organ preservation solution produced in our laboratory). Blood samples were collected 6 hours after reperfusion for examination of serum amylase level. Pancreatic tissues were collect for pathologic observation. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1b (IL-1β) were determined by immunohistochemistry using integrated optical density (IOD).
RESULTS: In comparison with that in control group, the level of serum amylase was increased 6 hours after reperfusion in experiment group A and B (911.2 ± 9.9, 959.9 ± 12.5 U/L vs 1239.5 ± 68.3 U/L, both P < 0.05). The effect of TAU was enhanced with the increased of concentrations. Immunohistochemistry showed that both TNF-α and IL-1β were expressed in pancreatic tissues 6 hours after transplantation, and TAU significantly inhibited TNF-α (12 346.4 ± 4933.69, 16 016.33 ± 4592.06 vs 22 039.71 ± 4782.62, both P < 0.05) and IL-1β (12 417.4 ± 2222.9, 15 047.68 ± 4484.4 vs 19 284.46 ± 3178.19, both P < 0.05) expression in experiment group A and B. Taurine treatment markedly ameliorated the inflammatory reaction of pancreatic tissues.
CONCLUSION: As a kind of cell-protection agent, TAU can inhibit the production of TNF-α and IL-1β, resist cell edema and alleviate ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury and pancreatitis.
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Induction by activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers via tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3909-19. [PMID: 17010338 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells interact with immune cells located in the intestinal epithelium via soluble factors. An in vitro model system using coculture was constructed to analyze the effect of macrophages on intestinal epithelial cells, and human intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 monolayers and activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells were used in this study. Coculturing with THP-1 cells resulted in an increase of lactate dehydrogenase release from Caco-2 and a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of the monolayers, showing that coculturing with THP-1 induced cell damage to Caco-2 cells. This disruption was significantly suppressed by adding anti-TNF-alpha antibody and etanercept, strongly suggesting that TNF-alpha secreted from THP-1 had caused cell damage to Caco-2 monolayers. The disrupted Caco-2 monolayers showed both apoptotic and necrotic characteristics by morphological and biochemical analyses. TNFRI and NF-kappaB seem to have been involved in this regulation. It is suggested that this phenomenon is similar in some respects to that observed with IBD and that this in vitro coculture system could be a good model for searching for the drugs or food substances that can be used to treat or prevent IBD.
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