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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Medhat A, Spector I. Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:677-698. [PMID: 37432606 PMCID: PMC10584782 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process that can be viewed as a cellular and immunological shift away from homeostasis in response to selected infectious agents, mutations, diet, and environmental carcinogens. Homeostasis, which contributes importantly to the definition of "health," is maintained, in part by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of specific gut bacteria. Alteration in the composition of gut bacteria, or dysbiosis, is often a major risk factor for some two dozen tumor types. Dysbiosis is often characterized by diminished levels of SCFAs in the stool, and the presence of a "leaky gut," permitting the penetration of microbes and microbial derived molecules (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) through the gut wall, thereby triggering chronic inflammation. SCFAs attenuate inflammation by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B, by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, by stimulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta, and by promoting the differentiation of naïve T cells into T regulatory cells, which down-regulate immune responses by immunomodulation. SCFA function epigenetically by inhibiting selected histone acetyltransferases that alter the expression of multiple genes and the activity of many signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Hedgehog, Hippo, and Notch) that contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. SCFAs block cancer stem cell proliferation, thereby potentially delaying or inhibiting cancer development or relapse by targeting genes and pathways that are mutated in tumors (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, and MET) and by promoting the expression of tumor suppressors (e.g., by up-regulating PTEN and p53). When administered properly, SCFAs have many advantages compared to probiotic bacteria and fecal transplants. In carcinogenesis, SCFAs are toxic against tumor cells but not to surrounding tissue due to differences in their metabolic fate. Multiple hallmarks of cancer are also targets of SCFAs. These data suggest that SCFAs may re-establish homeostasis without overt toxicity and either delay or prevent the development of various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran, 1975933411, Iran
| | - Ira Spector
- SFA Therapeutics, Jenkintown, PA, 19046, USA
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2
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Ikari T, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Maruyama Y, Hattori A, Kitani Y, Toyota K, Nagami A, Hirayama J, Watanabe K, Shigematsu A, Rafiuddin MA, Ogiso S, Fukushi K, Kuroda K, Hatano K, Sekiguchi T, Kawashima R, Srivastav AK, Nishiuchi T, Sakatoku A, Yoshida MA, Matsubara H, Suzuki N. Kynurenine promotes Calcitonin secretion and reduces cortisol in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8700. [PMID: 37248272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep ocean water (DOW) exerts positive effects on the growth of marine organisms, suggesting the presence of unknown component(s) that facilitate their aquaculture. We observed that DOW suppressed plasma cortisol (i.e., a stress marker) concentration in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) reared under high-density condition. RNA-sequencing analysis of flounder brains showed that when compared to surface seawater (SSW)-reared fish, DOW-reared fish had lower expression of hypothalamic (i.e., corticotropin-releasing hormone) and pituitary (i.e., proopiomelanocortin, including adrenocorticotropic hormone) hormone-encoding genes. Moreover, DOW-mediated regulation of gene expression was linked to decreased blood cortisol concentration in DOW-reared fish. Our results indicate that DOW activated osteoblasts in fish scales and facilitated the production of Calcitonin, a hypocalcemic hormone that acts as an analgesic. We then provide evidence that the Calcitonin produced is involved in the regulatory network of genes controlling cortisol secretion. In addition, the indole component kynurenine was identified as the component responsible for osteoblast activation in DOW. Furthermore, kynurenine increased plasma Calcitonin concentrations in flounders reared under high-density condition, while it decreased plasma cortisol concentration. Taken together, we propose that kynurenine in DOW exerts a cortisol-reducing effect in flounders by facilitating Calcitonin production by osteoblasts in the scales.
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Grants
- 22009, 22015, 22016, 22017, 22044 The cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- 22009, 22015, 22016, 22017, 22044 The cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- 22009, 22015, 22016, 22017, 22044 The cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- 22009, 22015, 22016, 22017, 22044 The cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- 22009, 22015, 22016, 22017, 22044 The cooperative research program of the Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- 20K06718, 21K05725, 22J01508 JSPS
- 20K06718, 21K05725, 22J01508 JSPS
- 20K06718, 21K05725, 22J01508 JSPS
- 2209 The Salt Science Research Foundation
- JPMJTM19AP JST
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ikari
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kitani
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Arata Nagami
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0552, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-0961, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-0961, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shigematsu
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0552, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ahya Rafiuddin
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0552, Japan
| | - Shouzo Ogiso
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukushi
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroda
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kaito Hatano
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kawashima
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-0961, Japan
| | - Ajai K Srivastav
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273-009, India
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Bioscience Core Facility, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakatoku
- School of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Yoshida
- Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0552, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan.
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Hodgkinson K, El Abbar F, Dobranowski P, Manoogian J, Butcher J, Figeys D, Mack D, Stintzi A. Butyrate's role in human health and the current progress towards its clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:61-75. [PMID: 36502573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes and is produced by the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and also signals through three G-protein coupled receptors. It is clear that butyrate has an important role in gastrointestinal health and that butyrate levels can impact both host and microbial functions that are intimately coupled with each other. Maintaining optimal butyrate levels improves gastrointestinal health in animal models by supporting colonocyte function, decreasing inflammation, maintaining the gut barrier, and promoting a healthy microbiome. Butyrate has also shown protective actions in the context of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and colon cancer, whereas lower levels of butyrate and/or the microbes which are responsible for producing this metabolite are associated with disease and poorer health outcomes. However, clinical efforts to increase butyrate levels in humans and reverse these negative outcomes have generated mixed results. This article discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of butyrate action with a focus on the gastrointestinal system, the links between host and microbial factors, and the efforts that are currently underway to apply the knowledge gained from the bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Hodgkinson
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Faiha El Abbar
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peter Dobranowski
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Juliana Manoogian
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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4
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Millet V, Gensollen T, Maltese M, Serrero M, Lesavre N, Bourges C, Pitaval C, Cadra S, Chasson L, Vu Man TP, Masse M, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Tranchida F, Shintu L, Mostert K, Strauss E, Lepage P, Chamaillard M, Broggi A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Grimaud JC, Naquet P, Galland F. Harnessing the Vnn1 pantetheinase pathway boosts short chain fatty acids production and mucosal protection in colitis. Gut 2022; 72:1115-1128. [PMID: 36175116 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the management of patients with IBD, there is a need to identify prognostic markers and druggable biological pathways to improve mucosal repair and probe the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor alpha biologics. Vnn1 is a pantetheinase that degrades pantetheine to pantothenate (vitamin B5, a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis) and cysteamine. Vnn1 is overexpressed by inflamed colonocytes. We investigated its contribution to the tolerance of the intestinal mucosa to colitis-induced injury. DESIGN We performed an RNA sequencing study on colon biopsy samples from patients with IBD stratified according to clinical severity and modalities of treatment. We generated the VIVA mouse transgenic model, which specifically overexpresses Vnn1 on intestinal epithelial cells and explored its susceptibility to colitis. We developed a pharmacological mimicry of Vnn1 overexpression by administration of Vnn1 derivatives. RESULTS VNN1 overexpression on colonocytes correlates with IBD severity. VIVA mice are resistant to experimentally induced colitis. The pantetheinase activity of Vnn1 is cytoprotective in colon: it enhances CoA regeneration and metabolic adaptation of colonocytes; it favours microbiota-dependent production of short chain fatty acids and mostly butyrate, shown to regulate mucosal energetics and to be reduced in patients with IBD. This prohealing phenotype is recapitulated by treating control mice with the substrate (pantethine) or the products of pantetheinase activity prior to induction of colitis. In severe IBD, the protection conferred by the high induction of VNN1 might be compromised because its enzymatic activity may be limited by lack of available substrates. In addition, we identify the elevation of indoxyl sulfate in urine as a biomarker of Vnn1 overexpression, also detected in patients with IBD. CONCLUSION The induction of Vnn1/VNN1 during colitis in mouse and human is a compensatory mechanism to reinforce the mucosal barrier. Therefore, enhancement of vitamin B5-driven metabolism should improve mucosal healing and might increase the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Millet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Gensollen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Maltese
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Melanie Serrero
- Gastroenterology, AP-HM Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lesavre
- Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC), AP-HM Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Bourges
- Genetic Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Christophe Pitaval
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Cadra
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Thien Phong Vu Man
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Masse
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabrice Tranchida
- ISM2, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Shintu
- ISM2, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Konrad Mostert
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Erick Strauss
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | - Achille Broggi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inserm NGERE U1256, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Charles Grimaud
- Gastroenterology, AP-HM Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France
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5
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Yamamoto T, Ikegame M, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Hatano K, Watanabe K, Kawago U, Hirayama J, Yano S, Sekiguchi T, Kitamura KI, Endo M, Nagami A, Matsubara H, Maruyama Y, Hattori A, Suzuki N. Osteoclastic and Osteoblastic Responses to Hypergravity and Microgravity: Analysis Using Goldfish Scales as a Bone Model. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39. [DOI: 10.2108/zs210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Yamamoto
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kaito Hatano
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Umi Kawago
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa 923-0961, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Masato Endo
- Laboratory of Fish Culture, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Arata Nagami
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ossaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ossaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
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6
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Suzuki N, Honda M, Sato M, Yoshitake S, Kawabe K, Tabuchi Y, Omote T, Sekiguchi T, Furusawa Y, Toriba A, Tang N, Shimasaki Y, Nagato EG, Zhang L, Srivastav AK, Amornsakun T, Kitani Y, Matsubara H, Yazawa T, Hirayama J, Hattori A, Oshima Y, Hayakawa K. Hydroxylated benzo[c]phenanthrene metabolites cause osteoblast apoptosis and skeletal abnormalities in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113401. [PMID: 35298967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To study the toxicity of 3-hydroxybenzo[c]phenanthrene (3-OHBcP), a metabolite of benzo[c]phenanthrene (BcP), first we compared it with its parent compound, BcP, using an in ovo-nanoinjection method in Japanese medaka. Second, we examined the influence of 3-OHBcP on bone metabolism using goldfish. Third, the detailed mechanism of 3-OHBcP on bone metabolism was investigated using zebrafish and goldfish. The LC50s of BcP and 3-OHBcP in Japanese medaka were 5.7 nM and 0.003 nM, respectively, indicating that the metabolite was more than 1900 times as toxic as the parent compound. In addition, nanoinjected 3-OHBcP (0.001 nM) induced skeletal abnormalities. Therefore, fish scales with both osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the calcified bone matrix were examined to investigate the mechanisms of 3-OHBcP toxicity on bone metabolism. We found that scale regeneration in the BcP-injected goldfish was significantly inhibited as compared with that in control goldfish. Furthermore, 3-OHBcP was detected in the bile of BcP-injected goldfish, indicating that 3-OHBcP metabolized from BcP inhibited scale regeneration. Subsequently, the toxicity of BcP and 3-OHBcP to osteoblasts was examined using an in vitro assay with regenerating scales. The osteoblastic activity in the 3-OHBcP (10-10 to 10-7 M)-treated scales was significantly suppressed, while BcP (10-11 to 10-7 M)-treated scales did not affect osteoblastic activity. Osteoclastic activity was unchanged by either BcP or 3-OHBcP treatment at each concentration (10-11 to 10-7 M). The detailed toxicity of 3-OHBcP (10-9 M) in osteoblasts was then examined using gene expression analysis on a global scale with fish scales. Eight genes, including APAF1, CHEK2, and FOS, which are associated with apoptosis, were identified from the upregulated genes. This indicated that 3-OHBcP treatment induced apoptosis in fish scales. In situ detection of cell death by TUNEL methods was supported by gene expression analysis. This study is the first to demonstrate that 3-OHBcP, a metabolite of BcP, has greater toxicity than the parent compound, BcP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
| | - Masato Honda
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kimi Kawabe
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiki Omote
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Edward G Nagato
- Graduate School of Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ajai K Srivastav
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273-009, India
| | - Thumronk Amornsakun
- Fisheries Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Yoichiro Kitani
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Osaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa 923-0961, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi city, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
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Marx N, Eisenhut P, Weinguny M, Klanert G, Borth N. How to train your cell - Towards controlling phenotypes by harnessing the epigenome of Chinese hamster ovary production cell lines. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 56:107924. [PMID: 35149147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in omics technologies and the broad availability of big datasets have revolutionized our understanding of Chinese hamster ovary cells in their role as the most prevalent host for production of complex biopharmaceuticals. In consequence, our perception of this "workhorse of the biopharmaceutical industry" has successively shifted from that of a nicely working, but unknown recombinant protein producing black box to a biological system governed by multiple complex regulatory layers that might possibly be harnessed and manipulated at will. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made to characterize CHO cells on various omics levels, our understanding is still far from complete. The well-known inherent genetic plasticity of any immortalized and rapidly dividing cell line also characterizes CHO cells and can lead to problematic instability of recombinant protein production. While the high mutational frequency has been a focus of CHO cell research for decades, the impact of epigenetics and its role in differential gene expression has only recently been addressed. In this review we provide an overview about the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in CHO cells and discuss its significance for shaping the cell's phenotype. We also look into current state-of-the-art technology that can be applied to harness and manipulate the epigenetic network so as to nudge CHO cells towards a specific phenotype. Here, we revise current strategies on site-directed integration and random as well as targeted epigenome modifications. Finally, we address open questions that need to be investigated to exploit the full repertoire of fine-tuned control of multiplexed gene expression using epigenetic and systems biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marx
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Weinguny
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
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Makino T, Mizawa M, Yoshihisa Y, Yamamoto S, Tabuchi Y, Miyai M, Hibino T, Sasahara M, Shimizu T. Trichohyalin-like 1 protein plays a crucial role in proliferation and anti-apoptosis of normal human keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:109. [PMID: 33133644 PMCID: PMC7591909 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is a complex process that requires the regulated and sequential expression of various genes. Most fused-type S100 proteins are expressed in the granular layer and it is hypothesized that these proteins may be associated with cornification and barrier formation. We previously identified a member of the fused-type S100 proteins, Trichohyalin-like 1 (TCHHL1) protein. TCHHL1 is distributed in the basal layer of the normal epidermis. Furthermore, the expression is markedly increased in cancerous/non-cancerous skin samples with the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. We herein examined the role of TCHHL1 in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The knockdown of TCHHL1 by transfection with TCHHL1 siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation and induced the early apoptosis of NHKs. In TCHHL1-knockdown NHKs, the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was markedly decreased. In addition, the slight inhibition of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) phosphorylation and upregulation of forkhead box-containing protein O1(FOXO1), B-cell lymphoma2 (BCL2) and Bcl2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) was observed. Skin-equivalent models built by TCHHL1-knockdown NHKs showed a markedly hypoplastic epidermis. These findings highlight that TCHHL1 plays an important role in homeostasis of the normal epidermis. TCHHL1 was expressed in the growing cells of cutaneous SCC; therefore, we next examined an association with the cell growth in HSC-1 cells (a human SCC line). In HSC-1 cells, the knockdown of TCHHL1 also suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These cells showed an inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT and signal transducers and activator of transcription 3, and the significant upregulation of FOXO1, BCL2, and BCL2L11. Accordingly, TCHHL1 is associated with survival of cutaneous SCC. In addition, we hypothesize that TCHHL1 may be a novel therapeutic target in cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Makino
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Megumi Mizawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshihisa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyai
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Wang H, Ren E, Xiang X, Su Y, Zhu W. Dynamic Changes in Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Growing Pigs Induced by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10010020. [PMID: 31906303 PMCID: PMC7023161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in metabolite profiles and metabolism pathways in the serum of growing pigs by intravenous infusion of sodium butyrate (SB). Fourteen crossbred growing barrows (BW = 23.70 ± 1.29 kg) fitted with jugular cannula were randomly allocated to the SB and control (Con) groups, each group consisted of seven replicates (pens), with one pig per pen. At 9:00 of each day during the experimental period, pigs in the SB group were infused with 10 mL of SB (200 mmol/L, pH 7.4, 37 °C) via precaval vein, while the Con group was treated with the same volume of physiological saline. On day 4, the blood of each pig was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after the intravenous infusion. Metabolites in the serum were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis. Pathway analysis of metabolomic profiles showed that the differential metabolites mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid-related metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. More importantly, the relative concentrations of all eight essential amino acids, five non-essential amino acids, and two amino acid derivatives were decreased by the parenteral SB. In addition, SB significantly increased the relative concentrations of eicosanoic acid and octadecanoic acid and decreased the relative concentration of glycerol-3-phosphate at 0 min (three days after intravenous infusion of SB), which suggests that parenteral SB may increase stearates mobilization and decrease the biosynthesis of stearates. In conclusion, intravenous infusion of SB may induce more amino acids to synthesize proteins and affect fat metabolism through increasing fat mobilization and decreasing the biosynthesis of stearates. However, a further study is needed to understand the mechanism of extensive metabolic pathway changes induced by parenteral SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (E.R.); (W.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Erdu Ren
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (E.R.); (W.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoe Xiang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (E.R.); (W.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84395523
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.W.); (E.R.); (W.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Torun A, Enayat S, Sheraj I, Tunçer S, Ülgen DH, Banerjee S. Butyrate mediated regulation of RNA binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kazemi Sefat NA, Mohammadi MM, Hadjati J, Talebi S, Ajami M, Daneshvar H. Sodium Butyrate as a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Affects Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:759-769. [PMID: 31117848 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1595643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene expression levels, in low TLR4 expressing (HCT116) and high TLR4 expressing (SW480) colorectal cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of SB was assessed by culturing SW480 and HCT116 cell lines using a broad spectrum of times and concentrations of SB. The MTT assay was done to check the cytotoxic properties of different SB concentrations. Gene expression levels of TLR4 was then evaluated for non-cytotoxic SB concentrations. Morphological analysis and MTT assay confirmed that SB concentrations equal to or less than 5mM were not cytotoxic for both cell lines. At 5mM concentration of SB in SW480 cell line and 1mM concentration of SB in HCT116 cell line, TLR4 gene expression level significantly increased from 24 to 48 hrs and decreased significantly from 48 to 72 hrs with an "early increased and late decreased pattern". At 1mM concentration of SB in SW480 cell line and 5mM concentration of SB in HCT116 cell line, TLR4 expression had a "gradually increased pattern". This study focuses on the dose-time-effect of SB in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. SB alters the expression level of TLR4 in colorectal cancer cells. This effect may depend on the cell type, treatment duration and SB concentration. The alterations in TLR4 expression may be due to the direct effect of SB on TLR4 and/or the expression changes of in other genes which may indirectly affect the TLR4 expression. Abbreviations: TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; HDACi: histone deacetylase inhibitor; SB: sodium Butyrate; CRC: colorectal cancer; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid; hrs: hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Atieh Kazemi Sefat
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU) , Kerman , Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU) , Kerman , Iran.,Kerman Physiology Research Center (KPRC), Kerman University of Medical sciences (KMU) , Kerman , Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Ajami
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid Daneshvar
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU) , Kerman , Iran.,Kerman Physiology Research Center (KPRC), Kerman University of Medical sciences (KMU) , Kerman , Iran
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Ma Y, Wu L, Liu X, Xu Y, Shi W, Liang Y, Yao L, Zheng J, Zhang J. KLF4 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation dependent on NDRG2 signaling. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:975-984. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Regulation of genes related to immune signaling and detoxification in Apis mellifera by an inhibitor of histone deacetylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41255. [PMID: 28112264 PMCID: PMC5253729 DOI: 10.1038/srep41255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is essential for the global economy due to its important role in ecosystems and agriculture as a pollinator of numerous flowering plants and crops. Pesticide abuse has greatly impacted honeybees and caused tremendous loss of honeybee colonies worldwide. The reasons for colony loss remain unclear, but involvement of pesticides and pathogen-pesticide interactions has been hypothesized. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) inhibit the activity of histone acetylase, which causes the hyperacetylation of histone cores and influences gene expression. In this study, sodium butyrate, an HDACi, was used as a dietary supplement for honeybees; after treatment, gene expression profiles were analyzed using quantitative PCR. The results showed that sodium butyrate up-regulated genes involved in anti-pathogen and detoxification pathways. The bioassay results showed that honeybees treated with sodium butyrate were more tolerant to imidacloprid. Additionally, sodium butyrate strengthened the immune response of honeybees to invasions of Nosema ceranae and viral infections. We also performed a bioassay in which honeybees were exposed to pesticides and pathogens. Our results provide additional data regarding the mechanism by which honeybees react to stress and the potential application of HDACis in beekeeping.
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Ikegame M, Tabuchi Y, Furusawa Y, Kawai M, Hattori A, Kondo T, Yamamoto T. Tensile stress stimulates the expression of osteogenic cytokines/growth factors and matricellular proteins in the mouse cranial suture at the site of osteoblast differentiation. Biomed Res 2017; 37:117-26. [PMID: 27108881 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stress promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although numerous growth factors and cytokines are known to regulate this process, information regarding the differentiation of mechanically stimulated osteoblasts from MSCs in in vivo microenvironment is limited. To determine the significant factors involved in this process, we performed a global analysis of differentially expressed genes, in response to tensile stress, in the mouse cranial suture wherein osteoblasts differentiate from MSCs. We found that the gene expression levels of several components involved in bone morphogenetic protein, Wnt, and epithelial growth factor signalings were elevated with tensile stress. Moreover gene expression of some extracellular matrices (ECMs), such as cysteine rich protein 61 (Cyr61)/CCN1 and galectin-9, were upregulated. These ECMs have the ability to modulate the activities of cytokines and are known as matricellular proteins. Cyr61/CCN1 expression was prominently increased in the fibroblastic cells and preosteoblasts in the suture. Thus, for the first time we demonstrated the mechanical stimulation of Cyr61/CCN1 expression in osteogenic cells in an ex vivo system. These results suggest the importance of matricellular proteins along with the cytokine-mediated signaling for the mechanical regulation of MSC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblastic cell lineage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Yunoki T, Tabuchi Y, Hayashi A, Kondo T. Network analysis of genes involved in the enhancement of hyperthermia sensitivity by the knockdown of BAG3 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:236-42. [PMID: 27245201 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a co-chaperone of the heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSPA) family of proteins, is a cytoprotective protein that acts against various stresses, including heat stress. The aim of the present study was to identify gene networks involved in the enhancement of hyperthermia (HT) sensitivity by the knockdown (KD) of BAG3 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Although a marked elevation in the protein expression of BAG3 was detected in human the OSCC HSC-3 cells exposed to HT at 44˚C for 90 min, its expression was almost completely suppressed in the cells transfected with small interfering RNA against BAG3 (siBAG) under normal and HT conditions. The silencing of BAG3 also enhanced the cell death that was increased in the HSC-3 cells by exposure to HT. Global gene expression analysis revealed many genes that were differentially expressed by >2-fold in the cells exposed to HT and transfected with siBAG. Moreover, Ingenuity® pathways analysis demonstrated two unique gene networks, designated as Pro-cell death and Anti-cell death, which were obtained from upregulated genes and were mainly associated with the biological functions of induction and the prevention of cell death, respectively. Of note, the expression levels of genes in the Pro-cell death and Anti-cell death gene networks were significantly elevated and reduced in the HT + BAG3-KD group compared to those in the HT control group, respectively. These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the enhancement of HT sensitivity by the silencing of BAG3 in human OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yunoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrations in the epigenetic landscape have previously been associated with human diseases such as cancer and schizophrenia, and drugs that target epigenetic processes are currently used as therapeutic agents. This article will review the evidence obtained from animal studies indicating that epigenetic processes might regulate long-term pain states and then discuss the possibility that targeting epigenetic mechanisms might be useful for the management of chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS Recent animal studies have reported injury-induced changes in epigenetic processes in the central nervous system. The picture that has emerged is that of very complex epigenetic programs that depend on the injury. However, some studies have reported the successful use of nonspecific epigenetic tools to improve the hypersensitivity that develops in animal models of long-term pain states. SUMMARY The field of epigenetics and pain is rapidly emerging but further investigation is needed to fully comprehend the contribution of epigenetic processes to chronic pain states. Although therapeutic approaches targeting these mechanisms might seem worthwhile, we cannot assert that currently available global tools such as histone deacetylase inhibitors can be used successfully for the long-term treatment of chronic pain states.
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Géranton SM, Tochiki KK. Regulation of Gene Expression and Pain States by Epigenetic Mechanisms. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:147-83. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yu W, Park T. AucPR: an AUC-based approach using penalized regression for disease prediction with high-dimensional omics data. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 10:S1. [PMID: 25559769 PMCID: PMC4304290 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s10-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION It is common to get an optimal combination of markers for disease classification and prediction when multiple markers are available. Many approaches based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) have been proposed. Existing works based on AUC in a high-dimensional context depend mainly on a non-parametric, smooth approximation of AUC, with no work using a parametric AUC-based approach, for high-dimensional data. RESULTS We propose an AUC-based approach using penalized regression (AucPR), which is a parametric method used for obtaining a linear combination for maximizing the AUC. To obtain the AUC maximizer in a high-dimensional context, we transform a classical parametric AUC maximizer, which is used in a low-dimensional context, into a regression framework and thus, apply the penalization regression approach directly. Two kinds of penalization, lasso and elastic net, are considered. The parametric approach can avoid some of the difficulties of a conventional non-parametric AUC-based approach, such as the lack of an appropriate concave objective function and a prudent choice of the smoothing parameter. We apply the proposed AucPR for gene selection and classification using four real microarray and synthetic data. Through numerical studies, AucPR is shown to perform better than the penalized logistic regression and the nonparametric AUC-based method, in the sense of AUC and sensitivity for a given specificity, particularly when there are many correlated genes. CONCLUSION We propose a powerful parametric and easily-implementable linear classifier AucPR, for gene selection and disease prediction for high-dimensional data. AucPR is recommended for its good prediction performance. Beside gene expression microarray data, AucPR can be applied to other types of high-dimensional omics data, such as miRNA and protein data.
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KARIYA AYAKO, TABUCHI YOSHIAKI, YUNOKI TATSUYA, KONDO TAKASHI. Identification of common gene networks responsive to mild hyperthermia in human cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:195-202. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fujita T, Mizukami T, Okawara T, Inoue K, Fujimori M. Identification of a novel inhibitor of triple-negative breast cancer cell growth by screening of a small-molecule library. Breast Cancer 2013; 21:738-47. [PMID: 23456737 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are defined as not having amplification of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Recovery of patients is, currently, severely limited after diagnosis of metastatic TNBC, with fewer than 30 % of patients surviving more than 5 years. The most effective therapy to date is chemotherapy, which has been unsuccessful because of lack of therapeutic targets for these aggressive cancers. To identify new molecular targets for TNBC, we have developed a novel method for drug discovery using active compounds for identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers. METHODS We used chemical informatics to design a small-molecule library with structural diversity. This library was used to screen for compounds that selectively inhibit proliferation of TNBC cell lines. Different gene-expression profiles in cell lines before and after the addition of selected compounds were analyzed and compared with those of control cells. RESULTS We identified (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)benzofuran-2(3H)-one (DBBF) which specifically inhibited proliferation of a TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-468, with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. Microarray analysis identified several signaling pathways, including the irinotecan pathway, which changed specifically in the TNBC cell lines on addition of DBBF. CONCLUSION We have developed a novel research strategy that involves screening of selective inhibitors of TNBC cell line proliferation that can be used for identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers for TNBC. The discovery of new pathways by this technique should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
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Tabuchi Y, Furusawa Y, Kariya A, Wada S, Ohtsuka K, Kondo T. Common gene expression patterns responsive to mild temperature hyperthermia in normal human fibroblastic cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:38-50. [PMID: 23311377 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.753163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat stress induces complex cellular responses, and its detailed molecular mechanisms still remain to be clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular responses to mild hyperthermia (MHT) in normal human fibroblastic (NHF) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were treated with MHT (41°C, 30 min) and then cultured at 37°C. Gene expression was determined by the GeneChip® system and bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Treatment of the NHF cell lines, Hs68 and OUMS-36, with MHT did not affect the cell viability or cell cycle. In contrast, many probe sets were differentially expressed by >1.5-fold in both cell lines after MHT treatment. Of the 1,196 commonly and differentially expressed probe sets analysed by k-means clustering, three gene clusters, Up-I, Down-I and Down-II, were observed. Interestingly, two gene networks were obtained from the up-regulated genes in cluster Up-I. The gene network E contained DDIT3 and HSPA5 and was mainly associated with the biological process of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while the network S contained HBEGF and LIF and was associated with the biological process of cell survival. Eighteen genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, consistent with the microarray data, in four kinds of NHF cells. CONCLUSIONS Common genes that were differentially expressed and/or acted within a gene network in response to MHT in NHF cells were identified. These findings provide the molecular basis for a further understanding of the mechanisms of the MHT response in NHF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Centre, University of Toyama, Japan.
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Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Wada S, Ohtsuka K, Kondo T. Gene networks involved in apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in human lymphoma U937 cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:1253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Doelman J, Cao H, Purdie NG, Kim JJM, Swanson KC, Osborne VR, Tey J, Ali A, Feng Z, Karrow NA, Cant JP. Transcript profiling of the ruminant liver indicates a unique program of transcriptional regulation of ketogenic enzymes during food restriction. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2012; 7:303-10. [PMID: 22748507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants absorb little glucose and rely on hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the fed state to convert short-chain fatty acids produced during digestion into glucose and ketone bodies, respectively. In contrast to the non-ruminant response, fluxes through gluconeogenic and ketogenic pathways decrease during food restriction. Transcriptional regulation responsible for these unique food restriction responses has not been established. To determine the hepatic transcriptional response of ruminants to an acute drop in dietary nutrient supply, 102 yearling heifers were assigned to either ad libitum feeding or 24 h of food withdrawal in a randomized block design. Liver biopsies were obtained for microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses of gene expression. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids were higher in food restricted heifers, while levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol, and glucose were decreased. Despite a decline in substrate supply and a lower hepatic production of glucose, expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was upregulated as in non-ruminants. Downregulation of cholesterolgenic genes and upregulation of fatty acid oxidative genes were consistent with SREBP-2 and PPARα control, respectively. Ketogenesis from short-chain fatty acids was downregulated, contrary to the non-ruminant response to food restriction. Short-chain fatty acids may exert transcriptional control in the ruminant liver similar to that demonstrated in the large intestine of non-ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Doelman
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Wu S, Li RW, Li W, Li CJ. Transcriptome characterization by RNA-seq unravels the mechanisms of butyrate-induced epigenomic regulation in bovine cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36940. [PMID: 22615851 PMCID: PMC3352864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, affect cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility. Butyrate also induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through its inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In addition, butyrate is a potent inducer of histone hyper-acetylation in cells. Therefore, this SCFA provides an excellent in vitro model for studying the epigenomic regulation of gene expression induced by histone acetylation. In this study, we analyzed the differential in vitro expression of genes induced by butyrate in bovine epithelial cells by using deep RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The number of sequences read, ranging from 57,303,693 to 78,933,744, were generated per sample. Approximately 11,408 genes were significantly impacted by butyrate, with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. The predominant cellular processes affected by butyrate included cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our results provided insight into the transcriptome alterations induced by butyrate, which will undoubtedly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying butyrate-induced epigenomic regulation in bovine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Wu
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Li
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weizhong Li
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cong-jun Li
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ahmed K, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Emam HF, Piao JL, Hassan MA, Yamamoto T, Kondo T, Kadowaki M. Chemical inducers of heat shock proteins derived from medicinal plants and cytoprotective genes response. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:1-8. [PMID: 22235779 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2011.627408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress induces damage that activates an adaptive response in any organism. The cellular stress response is based on the induction of cytoprotective proteins, the so-called stress or heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are known to function as molecular chaperones which are involved in the therapeutic approach of many diseases. Therefore in the current study we searched nontoxic chaperone inducers in chemical compounds isolated from medicinal plants. Screening of 80 compounds for their Hsp70-inducing activity in human lymphoma U937 cells was performed by western blotting. Five compounds showed significant Hsp70 up-regulation among them shikonin was most potent. Shikonin was able to induce Hsp70 at 0.1 µM after 3 h without activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1). It also induces significant reactive oxygen species generation. The expression level of genes responsive to shikonin was studied using global-scale microarrays and computational gene expression analysis tools. Significant increase in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFEL2L2) -mediated oxidative stress response was observed that leads to the activation of HSP. The results of gene chip analysis were further confirmed by real-time qPCR assay. In short, the detailed mechanisms of Hsp70 induction by shikonin is not fully understood, Nrf2 and its target genes might be involved in the Hsp70 up-regulation in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Hosoki A, Yonekura SI, Zhao QL, Wei ZL, Takasaki I, Tabuchi Y, Wang LL, Hasuike S, Nomura T, Tachibana A, Hashiguchi K, Yonei S, Kondo T, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase (SOD2) regulates radiation resistance and radiation stress response in HeLa cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:58-71. [PMID: 22302046 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a mediator of ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage. Previous studies have indicated that MnSOD (SOD2) plays a critical role in protection against ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. In this study, we constructed two types of stable HeLa cell lines overexpressing SOD2, HeLa S3/SOD2 and T-REx HeLa/SOD2, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protection against radiation by SOD2. SOD2 overexpression in mitochondria enhanced the survival of HeLa S3 and T-REx HeLa cells following γ-irradiation. The levels of γH2AX significantly decreased in HeLa S3/SOD2 and T-REx HeLa/SOD2 cells compared with those in the control cells. MitoSox(TM) Red assays showed that both lines of SOD2-expressing cells showed suppression of the superoxide generation in mitochondria. Furthermore, flow cytometry with a fluorescent probe (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein) revealed that the cellular levels of ROS increased in HeLa S3 cells during post-irradiation incubation, but the increase was markedly attenuated in HeLa S3/SOD2 cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed that, of 47,000 probe sets analyzed, 117 and 166 probes showed more than 2-fold changes after 5.5 Gy of γ-irradiation in control and HeLa S3/SOD2 cells, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed different expression profiles in irradiated control cells and irradiated SOD2-overexpressing cells. These results indicate that SOD2 protects HeLa cells against cellular effects of γ-rays through suppressing oxidative stress in irradiated cells caused by ROS generated in the mitochondria and through regulating the expression of genes which play a critical role in protection against ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hosoki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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PAI-1 Expression Is Required for HDACi-Induced Proliferative Arrest in ras-Transformed Renal Epithelial Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:710974. [PMID: 21912547 PMCID: PMC3168268 DOI: 10.1155/2011/710974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of mammalian cells with ras family oncogenes results in dramatic changes in cellular architecture and growth traits. The generation of flat revertants of v-K-ras-transformed renal cells by exposure to the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) was previously found to be dependent on transcriptional activation of the PAI-1 (SERPINE1) gene (encoding the type-1 inhibitor of urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators). NaB-initiated PAI-1 expression preceded induced cell spreading and entry into G(1) arrest. To assess the relevance of PAI-1 induction to growth arrest in this cell system more critically, two complementary approaches were used. The addition of a stable, long half-life, recombinant PAI-1 mutant to PAI-1-deficient v-K-ras-/c-Ha-ras-transformants or to PAI-1 functionally null, NaB-resistant, 4HH cells (engineered by antisense knockdown of PAI-1 mRNA transcripts) resulted in marked cytostasis in the absence of NaB. The transfection of ras-transformed cells with the Rc/CMVPAI expression construct, moreover, significantly elevated constitutive PAI-1 synthesis (10- to 20-fold) with a concomitant reduction in proliferative rate. These data suggest that high-level PAI-1 expression suppresses growth of chronic ras-oncogene transformed cells and is likely a major cytostatic effector of NaB exposure.
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TABUCHI YOSHIAKI, FURUSAWA YUKIHIRO, KONDO TAKASHI. Genes and Gene Networks in the Apoptosis Induced by Heat Stress in Human Leukemia U937 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3191/thermalmed.27.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mitsuhashi T, Warita K, Sugawara T, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Kondo T, Hayashi F, Wang ZY, Matsumoto Y, Miki T, Takeuchi Y, Ebina Y, Yamada H, Sakuragi N, Yokoyama T, Nanmori T, Kitagawa H, Kant JA, Hoshi N. Epigenetic abnormality of SRY gene in the adult XY female with pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2010; 50:85-94. [PMID: 20184645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In normal ontogenetic development, the expression of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene, involved in the first step of male sex differentiation, is spatiotemporally regulated in an elaborate fashion. SRY is expressed in germ cells and Sertoli cells in adult testes. However, only few reports have focused on the expressions of SRY and the other sex-determining genes in both the classical organ developing through these genes (gonad) and the peripheral tissue (skin) of adult XY females. In this study, we examined the gonadal tissue and fibroblasts of a 17-year-old woman suspected of having disorders of sexual differentiation by cytogenetic, histological, and molecular analyses. The patient was found to have the 46,X,inv(Y)(p11.2q11.2) karyotype and streak gonads with abnormally prolonged SRY expression. The sex-determining gene expressions in the patient-derived fibroblasts were significantly changed relative to those from a normal male. Further, the acetylated histone H3 levels in the SRY region were significantly high relative to those of the normal male. As SRY is epistatic in the sex-determination pathway, the prolonged SRY expression possibly induced a destabilizing effect on the expressions of the downstream sex-determining genes. Collectively, alterations in the sex-determining gene expressions persisted in association with disorders of sexual differentiation not only in the streak gonads but also in the skin of the patient. The findings suggest that correct regulation of SRY expression is crucial for normal male sex differentiation, even if SRY is translated normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Häner K, Henzi T, Pfefferli M, Künzli E, Salicio V, Schwaller B. A bipartite butyrate-responsive element in the human calretinin (CALB2) promoter acts as a repressor in colon carcinoma cells but not in mesothelioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:519-31. [PMID: 19998412 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acid butyrate plays an essential role in colonic mucosa homeostasis through the capacity to block the cell cycle, regulate differentiation and to induce apoptosis. The beneficial effect of dietary fibers on preventing colon cancer is essentially mediated through butyrate, derived from luminal fermentation of fibers by intestinal bacteria. In epithelial cells of the colon, both in normal and colon cancer cells, the expression of several genes is positively or negatively regulated by butyrate likely through modulation of histone acetylation and thereby affecting the transcriptional activity of genes. Calretinin (CALB2) is a member of the EF-hand family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins and is expressed in a majority of poorly differentiated colon carcinoma and additionally in mesothelioma of the epithelioid and mixed type. Since CALB2 is one of the genes negatively regulated by butyrate in colon cancer cells and butyrate decreases calretinin protein expression levels in those cells, we investigated whether expression is regulated via putative butyrate-responsive elements (BRE) in the human CALB2 promoter. We identified two elements that act as butyrate-sensitive repressors in all colon cancer cell lines tested (CaCo-2, HT-29, Co-115/3). In contrast, in cells of mesothelial origin, MeT-5A and ZL34, the same two elements do not operate as butyrate-sensitive repressors and calretinin expression levels are insensitive to butyrate indicative of cell type-specific regulation of the CALB2 promoter. Calretinin expression in colon cancer cells is negatively regulated by butyrate via a bipartite BRE flanking the TATA box and this may be linked to butyrate's chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Häner
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Mitsuhashi T, Warita K, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Kondo T, Sugawara T, Hayashi F, Wang ZY, Matsumoto Y, Miki T, Takeuchi Y, Ebina Y, Yamada H, Sakuragi N, Yokoyama T, Nanmori T, Kitagawa H, Kant JA, Hoshi N. Global gene profiling and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of a 46,XY female with pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2010; 50:40-51. [PMID: 20201967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2009.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
XY females are rare individuals who carry a Y chromosome but are phenotypically female. In approximately 80-90% of these cases, there are no mutations in the SRY gene, a testis-determining gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome, and the pathophysiology of XY females without SRY mutation remains unclear. In the present study, we used a molecular data mining technique to analyze the pathophysiology of an XY female with functional SRY and pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome, and compared the results with those of a normal male. Interestingly, upregulations of numerous genes included in the development category of the Biological Process ontology, including genes associated with sex determination and organ morphogenesis, were seen in the patient. Additionally, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway, in which most cell-cell interactions during embryonic development are involved, were altered. Alterations in the expression of numerous genes at the developmental stage, including alterations at both the gene and pathway levels, may persist as a vestige of anomalies of sex differentiation that presumably began in the fetal period. The present study indicates that a data mining technique using bioinformatics contributes to identification of not only genes responsible for birth defects, but also disorders of sex development (DSD)-specific pathways, and that this kind of analysis is an important tool for clarifying the pathophysiology of human idiopathic XY gonadal dysgenesis. Our findings could serve as one of the basic datasets which will be used for future follow-up investigations.
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Furusawa Y, Zhao QL, Hassan MA, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Wada S, Kondo T. Ultrasound-induced apoptosis in the presence of Sonazoid and associated alterations in gene expression levels: A possible therapeutic application. Cancer Lett 2010; 288:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ooi CC, Good NM, Williams DB, Lewanowitsch T, Cosgrove LJ, Lockett TJ, Head RJ. Efficacy of butyrate analogues in HT-29 cancer cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 37:482-9. [PMID: 19930426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Butyrate is a well known product of starch fermentation by colonic bacteria and is of interest owing to its ability to induce in vitro apoptosis and cell differentiation, as well as to inhibit cell growth in colorectal and other cancer cells. Synthetic analogues of butyrate may also possess cellular activities in a variety of cultured cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of butyrate analogues on apoptosis, proliferation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the effects of these analogues on lactate dehydrogenase leakage, as a measure of non-specific cytotoxicity, were evaluated in HT-29 cells. 2. Of the 26 analogues examined, four (propionate, 4-benzoylbutyrate, 4-(4-aminophenyl)butyrate and benzyloxyacetate) exhibited comparable effects to butyrate. Interestingly, no activity was noted for compounds carrying amino, hydroxyl or methyl substitutions at the 2-, 3- or 4-position of the aliphatic moiety of butyrate. 3. In conclusion, chemical changes to the structure of butyrate can significantly modify the biological activity assayed in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng C Ooi
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Vanhoutvin SALW, Troost FJ, Hamer HM, Lindsey PJ, Koek GH, Jonkers DMAE, Kodde A, Venema K, Brummer RJM. Butyrate-induced transcriptional changes in human colonic mucosa. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6759. [PMID: 19707587 PMCID: PMC2727000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon results in the production of short chain fatty acids (mainly propionate, butyrate and acetate). Butyrate modulates a wide range of processes, but its mechanism of action is mostly unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of butyrate on the transcriptional regulation of human colonic mucosa in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings Five hundred genes were found to be differentially expressed after a two week daily butyrate administration with enemas. Pathway analysis showed that the butyrate intervention mainly resulted in an increased transcriptional regulation of the pathways representing fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain and oxidative stress. In addition, several genes associated with epithelial integrity and apoptosis, were found to be differentially expressed after the butyrate intervention. Conclusions/Significance Colonic administration of butyrate in concentrations that can be achieved by consumption of a high-fiber diet enhances the maintenance of colonic homeostasis in healthy subjects, by regulating fatty acid metabolism, electron transport and oxidative stress pathways on the transcriptional level and provide for the first time, detailed molecular insight in the transcriptional response of gut mucosa to butyrate.
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Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Wada S, Zhao QL, Hori T, Nomura T, Ohtsuka K, Kondo T. Genes and genetic networks responsive to mild hyperthermia in human lymphoma U937 cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 24:613-22. [DOI: 10.1080/02656730802140777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Wada S, Tabuchi Y, Kondo T, Cui ZG, Zhao QL, Takasaki I, Salunga TL, Ogawa R, Arai T, Makino K, Furuta I. Gene expression in enhanced apoptosis of human lymphoma U937 cells treated with the combination of different free radical generators and hyperthermia. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:73-81. [PMID: 17164180 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600946432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of various free radicals derived from 6-formylpterin (6-FP), alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) combined with hyperthermia, on gene expression in similarly enhanced apoptosis of human lymphoma U937 cells were investigated using cDNA microarrays containing approximately 16,600 genes and computational gene expression analysis tools. When the cells were treated for 10 min at 44 degrees C (15% apoptosis level), 39 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes were identified. In the up-regulated genes, apoptosis- and unfolded protein response-associated genes were contained. The combined treatment with heat and either chemical enhanced apoptosis level (approximately 30%) and showed a chemical-specific gene expression pattern. Furthermore, the expression levels of selected genes were confirmed by a real-time quantitative PCR. The present results will provide a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms in enhancement of heat-induced apoptosis by different intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehito Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:5859-64. [PMID: 19321416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901529106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human distal gut microbial community is typically dominated by 2 bacterial phyla (divisions), the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes. Little is known about the factors that govern the interactions between their members. Here, we examine the niches of representatives of both phyla in vivo. Finished genome sequences were generated from Eubacterium rectale and E. eligens, which belong to Clostridium Cluster XIVa, one of the most common gut Firmicute clades. Comparison of these and 25 other gut Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes indicated that the Firmicutes possess smaller genomes and a disproportionately smaller number of glycan-degrading enzymes. Germ-free mice were then colonized with E. rectale and/or a prominent human gut Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, followed by whole-genome transcriptional profiling, high-resolution proteomic analysis, and biochemical assays of microbial-microbial and microbial-host interactions. B. thetaiotaomicron adapts to E. rectale by up-regulating expression of a variety of polysaccharide utilization loci encoding numerous glycoside hydrolases, and by signaling the host to produce mucosal glycans that it, but not E. rectale, can access. E. rectale adapts to B. thetaiotaomicron by decreasing production of its glycan-degrading enzymes, increasing expression of selected amino acid and sugar transporters, and facilitating glycolysis by reducing levels of NADH, in part via generation of butyrate from acetate, which in turn is used by the gut epithelium. This simplified model of the human gut microbiota illustrates niche specialization and functional redundancy within members of its major bacterial phyla, and the importance of host glycans as a nutrient foundation that ensures ecosystem stability.
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Park MJ, Kim HY, Kim K, Cheong J. Homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 is required for the transcriptional induction of PPARγ in intestinal cell differentiation. FEBS Lett 2008; 583:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Zhao QL, Wada S, Hori T, Feril LB, Tachibana K, Nomura T, Kondo T. Genetic networks responsive to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in human lymphoma U937 cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:286-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tan HT, Tan S, Lin Q, Lim TK, Hew CL, Chung MC. Quantitative and Temporal Proteome Analysis of Butyrate-treated Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1174-85. [DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700483-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Salunga TL, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Feril LB, Zhao QL, Ohtsuka K, Tsuneyama K, Kondo T. Identification of genes responsive to paeoniflorin, a heat shock protein-inducing compound, in human leukemia U937 cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2008; 23:529-37. [PMID: 17952766 DOI: 10.1080/02656730701639499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Paeoniflorin (PF) isolated from peony root (Paeoniae radix) has been used as a herbal medicine in East Asia for its anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects. PF is known to cause apoptosis and to be a chemical heat shock protein (HSP) inducer. With this information, the effects on the gene expression in human leukemia U937 cells treated with PF were investigated. METHODS U937 cells, a human myelomonocytic cell line, were treated with PF at different concentrations (0-640 microg/ml). Expression level of Hsp70 was monitored by Western blotting. Gene expression was evaluated using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays and computational gene expression analysis tools and the results were verified by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Although cell viability was not affected after PF treatment at a high concentration of 640 microg/ml, PF treatment (80-640 microg/ml) significantly elevated Hsp70 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. When the cells were treated with PF (160 microg/ml; 30 min), 35 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated genes were identified. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significant genetic network containing CDC2, FOSL1 and EGR1 was associated with biological functions such as cell death, gene expression or cellular growth and proliferation. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that PF affects the expression of many genes including Hsp70 and will provide a better understanding on the molecular mechanism of action of this compound in inducing HSPs in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thucydides L Salunga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Hori T, Kondo T, Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Zhao QL, Kanamori M, Yasuda T, Kimura T. Molecular mechanism of apoptosis and gene expressions in human lymphoma U937 cells treated with anisomycin. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 172:125-40. [PMID: 18241849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anisomycin is known as a potent apoptosis inducer by activating JNK/SAPK and inhibiting protein synthesis during translation. However, only few details are known about the mechanism of apoptosis induced by this compound. The present study was undertaken to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and the changes of gene expression elicited by anisomycin using DNA microarrays and computational gene-expression analysis tools in human lymphoma U937 cells. Anisomycin was found to induce apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manner as confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation analysis. Furthermore, anisomycin-treated cells also showed caspase-8 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, Bid activation, caspase-3 cleavage and cytochrome c release into the cytosol. In the gene-expression analysis, six gene clusters were detected. From clusters I and II, three significant genetic networks were identified. Interestingly, many bZIP family transcription factors were observed in the up-regulated genetic networks. Moreover, the expression of protein-synthesis-related genes, such as EIF4 family proteins and ribosomal proteins, were inhibited. This finding could explain the reason why anisomycin inhibits the protein synthesis at the translation steps. These results provide novel information for understanding the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by anisomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hori
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Abstract
The use of microarrays to evaluate the transcriptome has transformed our view of biology. In addition to the focused, hypothesis-testing studies that we have traditionally conducted in cell biology, we are now able to see global changes within the entire system of the cell in response to a treatment. By examining a biological question under multiple complementary perturbations model systems (e.g. yeast, C. Elegans) have revealed new complexity that would have been impossible to see on a gene-by-gene approach. Unfortunately, beyond the use of transcript profiles to define the molecular signature of diseases (e.g. cancer), transcriptomics has not been extensively used to study intestinal biology. This review will provide a roadmap for effective use of gene expression profiling for biological research and will review some of the microarray work that has been done to better understand the nature of intestinal development and enterocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Fleet
- Department of Foods and Nutrition and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47906-2059, USA.
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Fischer A, Sananbenesi F, Wang X, Dobbin M, Tsai LH. Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodelling. Nature 2007; 447:178-82. [PMID: 17468743 DOI: 10.1038/nature05772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are often associated with impaired learning and memory, eventually leading to dementia. An important aspect in pre-clinical research is the exploration of strategies to re-establish learning ability and access to long-term memories. By using a mouse model that allows temporally and spatially restricted induction of neuronal loss, we show here that environmental enrichment reinstated learning behaviour and re-established access to long-term memories after significant brain atrophy and neuronal loss had already occurred. Environmental enrichment correlated with chromatin modifications (increased histone-tail acetylation). Moreover, increased histone acetylation by inhibitors of histone deacetylases induced sprouting of dendrites, an increased number of synapses, and reinstated learning behaviour and access to long-term memories. These data suggest that inhibition of histone deacetylases might be a suitable therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative diseases associated with learning and memory impairment, and raises the possibility of recovery of long-term memories in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Fischer
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Obinata M. The immortalized cell lines with differentiation potentials: their establishment and possible application. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:275-83. [PMID: 17233813 PMCID: PMC11159456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 200 types of the cells are qualified as differentiated cells in the human body. If these different types of cells can be separated from each other (or cloned) and obtained in sufficient quantity, it will be beneficial for studying development, morphogenesis, tissue maintenance, cancer and aging, and for reconstructing functional tissues in vitro for regenerative medicine. We produced the transgenic mouse and rat harboring SV40 T-antigen gene to make the immortalized cell lines in the primary tissue culture and succeeded in establishing many functionally active cell lines from various tissues. Many immortalized cell lines from various tissues are shown to exhibit the unique characteristics of tissue functions and they should be useful as an in vitro model of various tissues for physiological and pharmacological investigations. Future application of these cells to drug screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Obinata
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 890-8575, Japan.
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Takasaki I, Takarada S, Fukuchi M, Yasuda M, Tsuda M, Tabuchi Y. Identification of genetic networks involved in the cell growth arrest and differentiation of a rat astrocyte cell line RCG-12. J Cell Biochem 2007; 102:1472-85. [PMID: 17440958 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to establish and characterize a conditionally immortalized astrocyte cell line and to clarify the genetic networks responsible for the cell growth arrest and differentiation. A conditionally immortalized astrocyte cell line, RCG-12, was established by infecting primary cultured rat cortical glia cells with a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen. At a permissive temperature of 33 degrees C, the large T-antigen was expressed and cells grew continuously. On the other hand, the down-regulation of T-antigen at a non-permissive temperature of 39 degrees C led to growth arrest and differentiation. The cells expressed astrocyte-expressed genes such as glial fibrillary acidic protein. Interestingly, the differentiated condition induced by the non-permissive temperature significantly elevated the expression levels of several astrocyte-expressed genes. To identify the detailed mechanisms by which non-permissive temperature-induced cell growth arrest and differentiation, we performed high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis and found that 556 out of 15,923 probe sets were differentially expressed 2.0-fold. A computational gene network analysis revealed that a genetic network containing up-regulated genes such as RB, NOTCH1, and CDKN1A was associated with the cellular growth and proliferation, and that a genetic network containing down-regulated genes such as MYC, CCNB1, and IGF1 was associated with the cell cycle. The established cell line RCG-12 retains some characteristics of astrocytes and should provide an excellent model for studies of astrocyte biology. The present results will also provide a basis for understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of the growth arrest and differentiation of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takasaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Li CJ, Li RW, Wang YH, Elsasser TH. Pathway analysis identifies perturbation of genetic networks induced by butyrate in a bovine kidney epithelial cell line. Funct Integr Genomics 2006; 7:193-205. [PMID: 17186197 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-006-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant species have evolved to metabolize the short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, to fulfill up to 70% of their nutrient energy requirements. The inherent VFA dependence of ruminant cells was exploited to add a level of increased sensitivity to the study of the role of butyrate gene-response elements in regulatory biochemical pathways. Global gene expression profiles of the bovine kidney epithelial cells regulated by sodium butyrate were investigated with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. The detailed mechanisms by which butyrate induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base. The functional category and pathway analyses of the microarray data revealed that four canonical pathways (Cell cycles: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, and pyrimidine metabolism; G1/S checkpoint regulation and purine metabolism) were significantly perturbed. The biologically relevant networks and pathways of these genes were also identified. IGF2, TGFB1, TP53, E2F4, and CDC2 were established as being centered in these genomic networks. The present findings provide a basis for understanding the full range of the biological roles and the molecular mechanisms that butyrate may play in animal cell growth, proliferation, and energy metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-jun Li
- Growth Biology Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute/ARS, U.S. Derpartment of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Li RW, Li C. Butyrate induces profound changes in gene expression related to multiple signal pathways in bovine kidney epithelial cells. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:234. [PMID: 16972989 PMCID: PMC1592091 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global gene expression profiles of bovine kidney epithelial cells regulated by sodium butyrate were investigated with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. The bovine microarray with 86,191 distinct 60mer oligonucleotides, each with 4 replicates, was designed and produced with Maskless Array Synthesizer technology. These oligonucleotides represent approximately 45,383 unique cattle sequences. RESULTS 450 genes significantly regulated by butyrate with a median False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 0 % were identified. The majority of these genes were repressed by butyrate and associated with cell cycle control. The expression levels of 30 selected genes identified by the microarray were confirmed using real-time PCR. The results from real-time PCR positively correlated (R = 0.867) with the results from the microarray. CONCLUSION This study presented the genes related to multiple signal pathways such as cell cycle control and apoptosis. The profound changes in gene expression elucidate the molecular basis for the pleiotropic effects of butyrate on biological processes. These findings enable better recognition of the full range of beneficial roles butyrate may play during cattle energy metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, and possibly in fighting gastrointestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Li
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - CongJun Li
- Growth Biology Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Tabuchi Y, Takasaki I, Kondo T. Identification of genetic networks involved in the cell injury accompanying endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by bisphenol A in testicular Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1044-50. [PMID: 16713995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify detailed mechanisms by which bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, induces cell injury in mouse testicular Sertoli TTE3 cells, we performed genome-wide microarray and computational gene network analyses. BPA (200muM) significantly decreased cell viability and simultaneously induced an increase in mRNA levels of HSPA5 and DDIT3, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker genes. Of the 22,690 probe sets analyzed, BPA down-regulated 661 probe sets and up-regulated 604 probe sets by >2.0-fold. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated nine gene clusters. In decreased gene clusters, two significant genetic networks were associated with cell growth and proliferation and the cell cycle. In increased gene clusters, two significant genetic networks including many basic-region leucine zipper transcription factors were associated with cell death and DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The present results will provide additional novel insights into the detailed molecular mechanisms of cell injury accompanying ER stress induced by BPA in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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