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Ganguly A, Ghosh S, Shin BC, Touma M, Wadehra M, Devaskar SU. Gestational Exposure to Air Pollutants Perturbs Metabolic and Placenta-Fetal Phenotype. Reprod Toxicol 2024:108657. [PMID: 39002939 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution (AP) is detrimental to pregnancies including increasing risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that exposure to AP causes cardiovascular and metabolic disruption thereby altering placental gene expression, which in turn affects the placental phenotype and thereby embryonic/fetal development. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of intra-nasal instilled AP upon gestational day 16-19 maternal mouse cardiovascular and metabolic status, placental nutrient transporters, and placental-fetal size and morphology. To further unravel mechanisms, we also examined placental total DNA 5'-hydroxymethylation and bulk RNA sequenced gene expression profiles. AP exposed pregnant mice and fetuses were tachycardic with a reduction in maternal left ventricular fractional shortening and increased uterine artery with decreased umbilical artery systolic peak velocities. In addition, they were hyperglycemic, glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, with changes in placental glucose (Glut3) and fatty acid (Fatp1 & Cd36) transporters, and a spatial disruption of cells expressing Glut10 that imports L-dehydroascorbic acid in protecting against oxidative stress. Placentas revealed inflammatory cellular infiltration with associated cellular edema and necrosis, with dilated vascular spaces and hemorrhage. Placental and fetal body weights decreased in mid-gestation with a reduction in brain cortical thickness emerging in late gestation. Placental total DNA 5'-hydroxymethylation was 2.5-fold higher, with perturbed gene expression profiles involving key metabolic, inflammatory, transcriptional, cellular polarizing and processing genes and pathways. We conclude that gestational exposure to AP incites a maternal inflammatory response resulting in features mimicking maternal gestational diabetes mellitus with altered placental DNA 5'-hydroxymethylation, gene expression, and associated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics & the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics & the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics & the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics & the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics & the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA.
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2
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Tao X, Rahimi M, Michaelis M, Görs S, Brenmoehl J, Vanselow J, Baddela VS. Saturated fatty acids inhibit unsaturated fatty acid induced glucose uptake involving GLUT10 and aerobic glycolysis in bovine granulosa cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9888. [PMID: 38688953 PMCID: PMC11061182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have been shown to modulate glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo. However, there is still a need for substantial evidence and mechanistic understanding in many cell types whether both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (SFAs and UFAs) pose a similar effect and, if not, what determines the net effect of fatty acid mixes on glucose metabolism. In the present study, we asked these questions by treating granulosa cells (GCs) with the most abundant non-esterified fatty acid species in bovine follicular fluid. Results revealed that oleic and alpha-linolenic acids (UFAs) significantly increased glucose consumption compared to palmitic and stearic acids (SFAs). A significant increase in lactate production, extracellular acidification rate, and decreased mitochondrial activity indicate glucose channeling through aerobic glycolysis in UFA treated GCs. We show that insulin independent glucose transporter GLUT10 is essential for UFA driven glucose consumption, and the induction of AKT and ERK signaling pathways necessary for GLUT10 expression. To mimic the physiological conditions, we co-treated GCs with mixes of SFAs and UFAs. Interestingly, co-treatments abolished the UFA induced glucose uptake and metabolism by inhibiting AKT and ERK phosphorylation and GLUT10 expression. These data suggest that the net effect of fatty acid induced glucose uptake in GCs is determined by SFAs under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Tao
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Abteilung Biotechnologie und Reproduktion Landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37037, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Michaelis
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Solvig Görs
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Vijay Simha Baddela
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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3
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Wu Q, Hu Z, Wang Z, Che Y, Zhang M, Zheng S, Xing K, Zhong X, Chen Y, Shi F, Yuan S. Glut10 restrains neointima formation by promoting SMCs mtDNA demethylation and improving mitochondrial function. Transl Res 2023; 260:1-16. [PMID: 37220836 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is a major clinical complication of coronary artery bypass graft and percutaneous coronary intervention. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play a vital roles in neointimal hyperplasia development and undergo complex phenotype switching. Previous studies have linked glucose transporter member 10(Glut10) to the phenotypic transformation of SMCs. In this research, we reported that Glut10 helps maintain the contractile phenotype of SMCs. The Glut10-TET2/3 signaling axis can arrest neointimal hyperplasia progression by improving mitochondrial function via promotion of mtDNA demethylation in SMCs. Glut10 is significantly downregulated in both human and mouse restenotic arteries. Global Glut10 deletion or SMC-specific Glut10 ablation in the carotid artery of mice accelerated neointimal hyperplasia, while Glut10 overexpression in the carotid artery triggered the opposite effects. All of these changes were accompanied by a significant increase in vascular SMCs migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, Glut10 is expressed primarily in the mitochondria after platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) treatment. Glut10 ablation induced a reduction in ascorbic acid (VitC) concentrations in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypermethylation by decreasing the activity and expression of the Ten-eleven translocation (TET) protein family. We also observed that Glut10 deficiency aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased the adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) content and the oxygen consumption rate, which also caused SMCs to switch their phenotype from contractile to synthetic phenotype. Furthermore, mitochondria-specific TET family inhibition partially reversed these effects. These results suggested that Glut10 helps maintain the contractile phenotype of SMCs. The Glut10-TET2/3 signaling axis can arrest neointimal hyperplasia progression by improving mitochondrial function via the promotion of mtDNA demethylation in SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanjia Che
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Identification of Structural Determinants of the Transport of the Dehydroascorbic Acid Mediated by Glucose Transport GLUT1. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020521. [PMID: 36677580 PMCID: PMC9867014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GLUT1 is a facilitative glucose transporter that can transport oxidized vitamin C (i.e., dehydroascorbic acid) and complements the action of reduced vitamin C transporters. To identify the residues involved in human GLUT1's transport of dehydroascorbic acid, we performed docking studies in the 5 Å grid of the glucose-binding cavity of GLUT1. The interactions of the bicyclic hemiacetal form of dehydroascorbic acid with GLUT1 through hydrogen bonds with the -OH group of C3 and C5 were less favorable than the interactions with the sugars transported by GLUT1. The eight most relevant residues in such interactions (i.e., F26, Q161, I164, Q282, Y292, and W412) were mutated to alanine to perform functional studies for dehydroascorbic acid and the glucose analog, 2-deoxiglucose, in Xenopus laevis oocytes. All the mutants decreased the uptake of both substrates to less than 50%. The partial effect of the N317A mutant in transporting dehydroascorbic acid was associated with a 30% decrease in the Vmax compared to the wildtype GLUT1. The results show that both substrates share the eight residues studied in GLUT1, albeit with a differential contribution of N317. Our work, combining docking with functional studies, marks the first to identify structural determinants of oxidized vitamin C's transport via GLUT1.
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Goh JJH, Goh CJH, Lim QW, Zhang S, Koh CG, Chiam KH. Transcriptomics indicate nuclear division and cell adhesion not recapitulated in MCF7 and MCF10A compared to luminal A breast tumours. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20902. [PMID: 36463288 PMCID: PMC9719475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell lines are useful experimental models to understand cancer biology. Yet, their relevance to modelling cancer remains unclear. To better understand the tumour-modelling efficacy of cell lines, we performed RNA-seq analyses on a combined dataset of 2D and 3D cultures of tumourigenic MCF7 and non-tumourigenic MCF10A. To our knowledge, this was the first RNA-seq dataset comprising of 2D and 3D cultures of MCF7 and MCF10A within the same experiment, which facilitates the elucidation of differences between MCF7 and MCF10A across culture types. We compared the genes and gene sets distinguishing MCF7 from MCF10A against separate RNA-seq analyses of clinical luminal A (LumA) and normal samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset. Among the 1031 cancer-related genes distinguishing LumA from normal samples, only 5.1% and 15.7% of these genes also distinguished MCF7 from MCF10A in 2D and 3D cultures respectively, suggesting that different genes drive cancer-related differences in cell lines compared to clinical BC. Unlike LumA tumours which showed increased nuclear division-related gene expression compared to normal tissue, nuclear division-related gene expression in MCF7 was similar to MCF10A. Moreover, although LumA tumours had similar cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to normal tissues, MCF7 showed reduced cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to MCF10A. These findings suggest that MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines were limited in their ability to model cancer-related processes in clinical LumA tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Joon Ho Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Corinna Jie Hui Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Qian Wei Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Songjing Zhang
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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6
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Boel A, Burger J, Vanhomwegen M, Beyens A, Renard M, Barnhoorn S, Casteleyn C, Reinhardt DP, Descamps B, Vanhove C, van der Pluijm I, Coucke P, Willaert A, Essers J, Callewaert B. Slc2a10 knock-out mice deficient in ascorbic acid synthesis recapitulate aspects of arterial tortuosity syndrome and display mitochondrial respiration defects. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1476-1488. [PMID: 32307537 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a recessively inherited connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and aneurysm formation of the major arteries. ATS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, encoding the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10. Former studies implicated GLUT10 in the transport of dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA). Mouse models carrying homozygous Slc2a10 missense mutations did not recapitulate the human phenotype. Since mice, in contrast to humans, are able to intracellularly synthesize AA, we generated a novel ATS mouse model, deficient for Slc2a10 as well as Gulo, which encodes for L-gulonolactone oxidase, an enzyme catalyzing the final step in AA biosynthesis in mouse. Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice showed mild phenotypic anomalies, which were absent in single knock-out controls. While Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice did not fully phenocopy human ATS, histological and immunocytochemical analysis revealed compromised extracellular matrix formation. Transforming growth factor beta signaling remained unaltered, while mitochondrial function was compromised in smooth muscle cells derived from Gulo;Slc2a10 double knock-out mice. Altogether, our data add evidence that ATS is an ascorbate compartmentalization disorder, but additional factors underlying the observed phenotype in humans remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrien Boel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team, Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joyce Burger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marine Vanhomwegen
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aude Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjolijn Renard
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, H3A 0C7 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Infinity (IBiTech-MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Infinity (IBiTech-MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Pozzer D, Invernizzi RW, Blaauw B, Cantoni O, Zito E. Ascorbic Acid Route to the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Function and Role in Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:845-855. [PMID: 31867990 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid (AscH2) (vitamin C), so deficiencies in dietary AscH2 cause the life-threatening disease of scurvy and many other diseases. After oral ingestion, plasma AscH2 concentrations are strictly controlled by transporters, which are required for entry into the cell and into intracellular organelles. Recent Advances: Besides its general antioxidant function, AscH2 is a cofactor for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized collagen hydroxylases. Its important role in ER homeostasis is also highlighted by the fact that AscH2 deficiency in auxotrophic species triggers ER stress. Critical Issues: Characterizations of the molecular basis of diseases suggest that intracellular AscH2 deficiency is due not only to limited dietary access but also to its limited intracellular transport and net loss under conditions of intracellular hyperoxidation in the ER. This essay will offer an overview of the different transporters of vitamin C regulating its intracellular concentration, its function inside the ER, and the phenotypes of the diseases that can be triggered by increased depletion of this vitamin in the ER. Future Directions: When considering the benefits of increasing dietary AscH2, it is important to consider pharmacokinetic differences in the bioavailability between orally and intravenously administered AscH2: the latter bypasses intestinal absorption and is, therefore, the only route that can lead to the high plasma concentrations that may provide some health effects, and it is this route that needs to be chosen in clinical trials for those diseases associated with a deficiency of AscH2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 845-855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pozzer
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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8
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Boel A, Veszelyi K, Németh CE, Beyens A, Willaert A, Coucke P, Callewaert B, Margittai É. Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: An Ascorbate Compartmentalization Disorder? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:875-889. [PMID: 31621376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular disorders are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Monogenic developmental disorders of the heart and vessels are highly valuable to study the physiological and pathological processes in cardiovascular system homeostasis. The arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare, autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder showing lengthening, tortuosity, and stenosis of the large arteries, with a propensity for aneurysm formation. In histopathology, it associates with fragmentation and disorganization of elastic fibers in several tissues, including the arterial wall. ATS is caused by pathogenic variants in SLC2A10 encoding the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT)10. Critical Issues: Although several hypotheses have been forwarded, the molecular mechanisms linking disrupted GLUT10 activity with arterial malformations are largely unknown. Recent Advances: The vascular and systemic manifestations and natural history of ATS patients have been largely delineated. GLUT10 was identified as an intracellular transporter of dehydroascorbic acid, which contributes to collagen and elastin cross-linking in the endoplasmic reticulum, redox homeostasis in the mitochondria, and global and gene-specific methylation/hydroxymethylation affecting epigenetic regulation in the nucleus. We revise here the current knowledge on ATS and the role of GLUT10 within the compartmentalization of ascorbate in physiological and diseased states. Future Directions: Centralization of clinical, treatment, and outcome data will enable better management for ATS patients. Establishment of representative animal disease models could facilitate the study of pathomechanisms underlying ATS. This might be relevant for other forms of vascular dysplasia, such as isolated aneurysm formation, hypertensive vasculopathy, and neovascularization. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 875-889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrien Boel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Krisztina Veszelyi
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla E Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aude Beyens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Genome-wide signatures of mammalian skin covering evolution. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1765-1780. [PMID: 33481165 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal body coverings provide protection and allow for adaptation to environmental pressures such as heat, ultraviolet radiation, water loss, and mechanical forces. Here, using a comparative genomics analysis of 39 mammal species spanning three skin covering types (hairless, scaly and spiny), we found some genes (e.g., UVRAG, POLH, and XPC) involved in skin inflammation, skin innate immunity, and ultraviolet radiation damage repair were under selection in hairless ocean mammals (e.g., whales and manatees). These signatures might be associated with a high risk of skin diseases from pathogens and ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, the genomes from three spiny mammal species shared convergent genomic regions (EPHB2, EPHA4, and NIN) and unique positively selected genes (FZD6, INVS, and CDC42) involved in skin cell polarity, which might be related to the development of spines. In scaly mammals, the shared convergent genomic regions (e.g., FREM2) were associated with the integrity of the skin epithelium and epidermal adhesion. This study identifies potential convergent genomic features among distantly related mammals with the same skin covering type.
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10
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Egea G, Jiménez-Altayó F, Campuzano V. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101013. [PMID: 33086603 PMCID: PMC7603119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue is known to provide structural and functional “glue” properties to other tissues. It contains cellular and molecular components that are arranged in several dynamic organizations. Connective tissue is the focus of numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases. Genetic diseases of the connective tissue are minority or rare, but no less important than the nongenetic diseases. Here we review the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on the onset and/or progression of diseases that directly affect connective tissue and have a genetic origin. It is important to consider that ROS and oxidative stress are not synonymous, although they are often closely linked. In a normal range, ROS have a relevant physiological role, whose levels result from a fine balance between ROS producers and ROS scavenge enzymatic systems. However, pathology arises or worsens when such balance is lost, like when ROS production is abnormally and constantly high and/or when ROS scavenge (enzymatic) systems are impaired. These concepts apply to numerous diseases, and connective tissue is no exception. We have organized this review around the two basic structural molecular components of connective tissue: The ground substance and fibers (collagen and elastic fibers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociencies I Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-909
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Victoria Campuzano
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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11
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Lizák B, Szarka A, Kim Y, Choi KS, Németh CE, Marcolongo P, Benedetti A, Bánhegyi G, Margittai É. Glucose Transport and Transporters in the Endomembranes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235898. [PMID: 31771288 PMCID: PMC6929180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a basic nutrient in most of the creatures; its transport through biological membranes is an absolute requirement of life. This role is fulfilled by glucose transporters, mediating the transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion or by secondary active transport. GLUT (glucose transporter) or SLC2A (Solute carrier 2A) families represent the main glucose transporters in mammalian cells, originally described as plasma membrane transporters. Glucose transport through intracellular membranes has not been elucidated yet; however, glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles. The glucose-6-phosphatase system catalyzing the last common step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis generates glucose within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Posttranslational processing of the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins also results in intraluminal glucose formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Autophagic degradation of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids leads to glucose accumulation in lysosomes. Despite the obvious necessity, the mechanism of glucose transport and the molecular nature of mediating proteins in the endomembranes have been hardly elucidated for the last few years. However, recent studies revealed the intracellular localization and functional features of some glucose transporters; the aim of the present paper was to summarize the collected knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Yejin Kim
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Kyu-sung Choi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Csilla E. Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Angelo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-459-1500 (ext. 60311); Fax: +36-1-2662615
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12
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Hosen MJ, Hasan M, Chakraborty S, Abir RA, Zubaer A, Coucke P. Comprehensive in silico Study of GLUT10: Prediction of Possible Substrate Binding Sites and Interacting Molecules. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:117-130. [PMID: 31203799 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190613152030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and stenosis of the arteries with a propensity towards aneurysm formation and dissection. It is caused by mutations in the SLC2A10 gene that encodes the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10. The molecules transported by and interacting with GLUT10 have still not been unambiguously identified. Hence, the study attempts to identify both the substrate binding site of GLUT10 and the molecules interacting with this site. METHODS As High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of GLUT10 was not available, 3D homology model of GLUT10 in open conformation was constructed. Further, molecular docking and bioinformatics investigation were employed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Blind docking of nine reported potential in vitro substrates with this 3D homology model revealed that substrate binding site is possibly made with PRO531, GLU507, GLU437, TRP432, ALA506, LEU519, LEU505, LEU433, GLN525, GLN510, LYS372, LYS373, SER520, SER124, SER533, SER504, SER436 amino acid residues. Virtual screening of all metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database and muscle metabolites from Human Metabolite Database (HMDB) against the GLUT10 revealed possible substrates and interacting molecules for GLUT10, which were found to be involved directly or partially in ATS progression or different arterial disorders. Reported mutation screening revealed that a highly emergent point mutation (c. 1309G>A, p. Glu437Lys) is located in the predicted substrate binding site region. CONCLUSION Virtual screening expands the possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with GLUT10 and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to ATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet- 3100, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ruhshan A Abir
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.,CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Zubaer
- CANSi Research Institute, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Sylhet, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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13
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Dodge-Khatami J, Simpson SA, Dodge-Khatami A. A Severe Form of Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome Presenting With Significant Airway Obstruction in an Infant. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 11:238-240. [PMID: 31088211 DOI: 10.1177/2150135119829009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a severe form of arterial tortuosity syndrome in a newborn, in which the tortuous course of the aorta masqueraded as a pulmonary artery sling on fetal echocardiogram. The newborn presented with respiratory distress after birth. The clinical course was complicated by extrinsic airway obstruction requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Timely diagnostic work-up in patients with arterial tortuosity syndrome is necessary to plan eventual intervention, and hopefully to prevent complications related to the abnormal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannika Dodge-Khatami
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Simpson
- Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Pediatric and Fetal Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ali Dodge-Khatami
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Center, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Decreased Nuclear Ascorbate Accumulation Accompanied with Altered Genomic Methylation Pattern in Fibroblasts from Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8156592. [PMID: 30800210 PMCID: PMC6360052 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8156592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate requiring Fe2+/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases located in the nucleoplasm have been shown to participate in epigenetic regulation of gene expression via histone and DNA demethylation. Transport of dehydroascorbic acid is impaired in the endomembranes of fibroblasts from arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) patients, due to the mutation in the gene coding for glucose transporter GLUT10. We hypothesized that altered nuclear ascorbate concentration might be present in ATS fibroblasts, affecting dioxygenase activity and DNA demethylation. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the subcellular distribution of vitamin C, the global and site-specific changes in 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels, and the effect of ascorbate supplementation in control and ATS fibroblast cultures. Diminished nuclear accumulation of ascorbate was found in ATS fibroblasts upon ascorbate or dehydroascorbic acid addition. Analyzing DNA samples of cultured fibroblasts from controls and ATS patients, a lower global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level was found in ATS fibroblasts, which could not be significantly modified by ascorbate addition. Investigation of the (hydroxy)methylation status of specific regions in six candidate genes related to ascorbate metabolism and function showed that ascorbate addition could stimulate hydroxymethylation and active DNA demethylation at the PPAR-γ gene region in control fibroblasts only. The altered DNA hydroxymethylation patterns in patient cells both at the global level and at specific gene regions accompanied with decreased nuclear accumulation of ascorbate suggests the epigenetic role of vitamin C in the pathomechanism of ATS. The present findings represent the first example for the role of vitamin C transport in epigenetic regulation suggesting that ATS is a compartmentalization disease.
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15
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Illsley NP, Baumann MU. Human placental glucose transport in fetoplacental growth and metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165359. [PMID: 30593896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While efficient glucose transport is essential for all cells, in the case of the human placenta, glucose transport requirements are two-fold; provision of glucose for the growing fetus in addition to the supply of glucose required the changing metabolic needs of the placenta itself. The rapidly evolving environment of placental cells over gestation has significant consequences for the development of glucose transport systems. The two-fold transport requirement of the placenta means also that changes in expression will have effects not only for the placenta but also for fetal growth and metabolism. This review will examine the localization, function and evolution of placental glucose transport systems as they are altered with fetal development and the transport and metabolic changes observed in pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Illsley
- Center for Abnormal Placentation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
| | - Marc U Baumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Cantoni O, Guidarelli A, Fiorani M. Mitochondrial Uptake and Accumulation of Vitamin C: What Can We Learn from Cell Culture Studies? Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1502-1515. [PMID: 28699359 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mitochondrial fraction of l-ascorbic acid (AA) is of critical importance for the regulation of the redox status of these organelles and for cell survival. Recent Advances: Most cell types take up AA by the high-affinity sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) sensitive to inhibition by dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). DHA can also be taken up by glucose transporters (GLUTs) and then reduced back to AA. DHA concentrations, normally very low in biological fluids, may only become significant next to superoxide-releasing cells. Very little is known about the mechanisms mediating the mitochondrial transport of the vitamin. CRITICAL ISSUES Information on AA transport is largely derived from studies using cultured cells and is therefore conditioned by possible cell culture effects as overexpression of SVCT2 in the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Mitochondrial SVCT2 is susceptible to inhibition by DHA and transports AA with a low affinity as a consequence of the restrictive ionic conditions. In some cells, however, high-affinity mitochondrial transport of AA is observed. Mitochondrial uptake of DHA may take place through GLUTs, an event followed by its prompt reduction to AA in the matrix. Intracellular levels of DHA are, however, normally very low. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We need to establish, or rule out, the role and significance of mitochondrial SVCT2 in vivo. The key question for mitochondrial DHA transport is instead related to its very low intracellular concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo ," Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo ," Urbino, Italy
| | - Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo ," Urbino, Italy
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17
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Tóth SZ, Lőrincz T, Szarka A. Concentration Does Matter: The Beneficial and Potentially Harmful Effects of Ascorbate in Humans and Plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1516-1533. [PMID: 28974112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ascorbate (Asc) is an essential compound both in animals and plants, mostly due to its reducing properties, thereby playing a role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acting as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. Recent Advances: Growing number of evidence shows that excessive Asc accumulation may have negative effects on cellular functions both in humans and plants; inter alia it may negatively affect signaling mechanisms, cellular redox status, and contribute to the production of ROS via the Fenton reaction. CRITICAL ISSUES Both plants and humans tightly control cellular Asc levels, possibly via biosynthesis, transport, and degradation, to maintain them in an optimum concentration range, which, among other factors, is essential to minimize the potentially harmful effects of Asc. On the contrary, the Fenton reaction induced by a high-dose Asc treatment in humans enables a potential cancer-selective cell death pathway. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The elucidation of Asc induced cancer selective cell death mechanisms may give us a tool to apply Asc in cancer therapy. On the contrary, the regulatory mechanisms controlling cellular Asc levels are also to be considered, for example, when aiming at generating crops with elevated Asc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Z Tóth
- 1 Institute of Plant Biology , Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szarka
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Zimmermann MT, Urrutia R, Cousin MA, Oliver GR, Klee EW. Assessing Human Genetic Variations in Glucose Transporter SLC2A10 and Their Role in Altering Structural and Functional Properties. Front Genet 2018; 9:276. [PMID: 30090112 PMCID: PMC6068234 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Demand is increasing for clinical genomic sequencing to provide diagnoses for patients presenting phenotypes indicative of genetic diseases, but for whom routine genetic testing failed to yield a diagnosis. DNA-based testing using high-throughput technologies often identifies variants with insufficient evidence to determine whether they are disease-causal or benign, leading to categorization as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Methods: We used molecular modeling and simulation to generate specific hypotheses for the molecular effects of variants in the human glucose transporter, GLUT10 (SLC2A10). Similar to many disease-relevant membrane proteins, no experimentally derived 3D structure exists. An atomic model was generated and used to evaluate multiple variants, including pathogenic, benign, and VUS. Results: These analyses yielded detailed mechanistic data, not currently predictable from sequence, including altered protein stability, charge distribution of ligand binding surfaces, and shifts toward or away from transport-competent conformations. Consideration of the two major conformations of GLUT10 was important as variants have conformation-specific effects. We generated detailed molecular hypotheses for the functional impact of variants in GLUT10 and propose means to determine their pathogenicity. Conclusion: The type of workflow we present here is valuable for increasing the throughput and resolution with which VUS effects can be assessed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Zimmermann
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenomics Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gavin R Oliver
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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19
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Multifaced Roles of the αvβ3 Integrin in Ehlers-Danlos and Arterial Tortuosity Syndromes' Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040982. [PMID: 29587413 PMCID: PMC5979373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The αvβ3 integrin, an endothelial cells’ receptor-binding fibronectin (FN) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, regulates ECM remodeling during migration, invasion, angiogenesis, wound healing and inflammation, and is also involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition. In vitro-grown human control fibroblasts organize a fibrillar network of FN, which is preferentially bound on the entire cell surface to its canonical α5β1 integrin receptor, whereas the αvβ3 integrin is present only in rare patches in focal contacts. We report on the preferential recruitment of the αvβ3 integrin, due to the lack of FN–ECM and its canonical integrin receptor, in dermal fibroblasts from Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS), which are rare multisystem connective tissue disorders. We review our previous findings that unraveled different biological mechanisms elicited by the αvβ3 integrin in fibroblasts derived from patients affected with classical (cEDS), vascular (vEDS), hypermobile EDS (hEDS), hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), and ATS. In cEDS and vEDS, respectively, due to defective type V and type III collagens, αvβ3 rescues patients’ fibroblasts from anoikis through a paxillin-p60Src-mediated cross-talk with the EGF receptor. In hEDS and HSD, without a defined molecular basis, the αvβ3 integrin transduces to the ILK-Snail1-axis inducing a fibroblast-to-myofibroblast-transition. In ATS cells, the deficiency of the dehydroascorbic acid transporter GLUT10 leads to redox imbalance, ECM disarray together with the activation of a non-canonical αvβ3 integrin-TGFBRII signaling, involving p125FAK/p60Src/p38MAPK. The characterization of these different biological functions triggered by αvβ3 provides insights into the multifaced nature of this integrin, at least in cultured dermal fibroblasts, offering future perspectives for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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20
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GLUT10-Lacking in Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome-Is Localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Human Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081820. [PMID: 28829359 PMCID: PMC5578206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GLUT10 belongs to a family of transporters that catalyze the uptake of sugars/polyols by facilitated diffusion. Loss-of-function mutations in the SLC2A10 gene encoding GLUT10 are responsible for arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS). Since subcellular distribution of the transporter is dubious, we aimed to clarify the localization of GLUT10. In silico GLUT10 localization prediction suggested its presence in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Immunoblotting showed the presence of GLUT10 protein in the microsomal, but not in mitochondrial fractions of human fibroblasts and liver tissue. An even cytosolic distribution with an intense perinuclear decoration of GLUT10 was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in human fibroblasts, whilst mitochondrial markers revealed a fully different decoration pattern. GLUT10 decoration was fully absent in fibroblasts from three ATS patients. Expression of exogenous, tagged GLUT10 in fibroblasts from an ATS patient revealed a strict co-localization with the ER marker protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The results demonstrate that GLUT10 is present in the ER.
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21
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Oehler AC, Minnier J, Lindner JR. Increased Coronary Tortuosity Is Associated with Increased Left Ventricular Longitudinal Myocardial Shortening. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:1028-1034.e2. [PMID: 28781117 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanistic basis for tortuosity of the coronary arteries (TCA) is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the relative degree of systolic longitudinal shortening of the left ventricle that deforms coaxially oriented coronary arteries is associated with TCA. METHODS Adult subjects undergoing coronary angiography and comprehensive echocardiography within 3 months were classified dichotomously as with (n = 32) or without (n = 42) TCA defined on the basis of number and severity of coronary angles. Systolic left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation was determined by mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) from both B-mode displacement and tissue Doppler time-velocity integral; data were indexed to LV diastolic long-axis length. RESULTS There were no differences between groups with respect to age, gender, hypertension, or coronary artery disease. Patients with TCA had significantly (P < .01) lower LV mass index and a shorter total LV diastolic long-axis length (mean, 8.3 ± 1.9 vs 9.1 ± 2.2 cm; P < .01). Despite having a shorter length, those with TCA had greater MAPSE by both methods. MAPSE normalized to diastolic length was significantly greater (P < .01) in those with TCA, which remained the case after excluding subjects with reduced LV ejection fraction. Multiple linear regression found that lateral annular MAPSE had the largest effect size, with a 13-fold increase in likelihood for TCA for every 0.1 of normalized MAPSE. CONCLUSIONS TCA is not associated with increased LV mass but rather with smaller hearts that have greater relative longitudinal shortening of the left ventricle. This finding suggests that TCA could represent an adaptive response to longitudinal systolic distortion of coaxially oriented coronary arteries that dynamically produce shear stresses associated with expansive coronary remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Oehler
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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22
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Németh CE, Marcolongo P, Gamberucci A, Fulceri R, Benedetti A, Zoppi N, Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Colombi M, Willaert A, Callewaert BL, Coucke PJ, Gróf P, Nagy SK, Mészáros T, Bánhegyi G, Margittai É. Glucose transporter type 10-lacking in arterial tortuosity syndrome-facilitates dehydroascorbic acid transport. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1630-40. [PMID: 27153185 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding GLUT10 are responsible for arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS), a rare connective tissue disorder. In this study GLUT10-mediated dehydroascorbic acid (DAA) transport was investigated, supposing its involvement in the pathomechanism. GLUT10 protein produced by in vitro translation and incorporated into liposomes efficiently transported DAA. Silencing of GLUT10 decreased DAA transport in immortalized human fibroblasts whose plasma membrane was selectively permeabilized. Similarly, the transport of DAA through endomembranes was markedly reduced in fibroblasts from ATS patients. Re-expression of GLUT10 in patients' fibroblasts restored DAA transport activity. The present results demonstrate that GLUT10 is a DAA transporter and DAA transport is diminished in the endomembranes of fibroblasts from ATS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla E Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Rosella Fulceri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Angiolo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Pál Gróf
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia K Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kitt DQ. Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome reveals function of dehydroascorbic acid in collagen and elastin synthesis: Implications for skin care. Med Hypotheses 2016; 87:8-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Cinquina V, Ritelli M, Colombi M. GLUT10 deficiency leads to oxidative stress and non-canonical αvβ3 integrin-mediated TGFβ signalling associated with extracellular matrix disarray in arterial tortuosity syndrome skin fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6769-87. [PMID: 26376865 PMCID: PMC4634379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, which encodes facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). The role of GLUT10 in ATS pathogenesis remains an enigma, and the transported metabolite(s), i.e. glucose and/or dehydroascorbic acid, have not been clearly elucidated. To discern the molecular mechanisms underlying the ATS aetiology, we performed gene expression profiling and biochemical studies on skin fibroblasts. Transcriptome analyses revealed the dysregulation of several genes involved in TGFβ signalling and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis as well as the perturbation of specific pathways that control both the cell energy balance and the oxidative stress response. Biochemical and functional studies showed a marked increase in ROS-induced lipid peroxidation sustained by altered PPARγ function, which contributes to the redox imbalance and the compensatory antioxidant activity of ALDH1A1. ATS fibroblasts also showed activation of a non-canonical TGFβ signalling due to TGFBRI disorganization, the upregulation of TGFBRII and connective tissue growth factor, and the activation of the αvβ3 integrin transduction pathway, which involves p125FAK, p60Src and p38 MAPK. Stable GLUT10 expression in patients' fibroblasts normalized redox homeostasis and PPARγ activity, rescued canonical TGFβ signalling and induced partial ECM re-organization. These data add new insights into the ATS dysregulated biological pathways and definition of the pathomechanisms involved in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Margittai É, Enyedi B, Csala M, Geiszt M, Bánhegyi G. Composition of the redox environment of the endoplasmic reticulum and sources of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:331-40. [PMID: 25678412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a metabolically active organelle, which has a central role in proteostasis by translating, modifying, folding, and occasionally degrading secretory and membrane proteins. The lumen of the ER represents a separate compartment of the eukaryotic cell, with a characteristic proteome and metabolome. Although the redox metabolome and proteome of the compartment have not been holistically explored, it is evident that proper redox conditions are necessary for the functioning of many luminal pathways. These redox conditions are defined by local oxidoreductases and the membrane transport of electron donors and acceptors. The main electron carriers of the compartment are identical with those of the other organelles: glutathione, pyridine and flavin nucleotides, ascorbate, and others. However, their composition, concentration, and redox state in the ER lumen can be different from those observed in other compartments. The terminal oxidases of oxidative protein folding generate and maintain an "oxidative environment" by oxidizing protein thiols and producing hydrogen peroxide. ER-specific mechanisms reutilize hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor of oxidative folding. These mechanisms, together with membrane and kinetic barriers, guarantee that redox systems in the reduced or oxidized state can be present simultaneously in the lumen. The present knowledge on the in vivo conditions of ER redox is rather limited; development of new genetically encoded targetable sensors for the measurement of the luminal state of redox systems other than thiol/disulfide will contribute to a better understanding of ER redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary; "Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1444, Hungary.
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Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Dordoni C, Reffo E, Venturini M, Quinzani S, Monica MD, Scarano G, Santoro G, Russo MG, Calzavara-Pinton P, Milanesi O, Colombi M. Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: homozygosity for two novel and one recurrent SLC2A10 missense mutations in three families with severe cardiopulmonary complications in infancy and a literature review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:122. [PMID: 25373504 PMCID: PMC4412100 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS) is a very rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder (CTD) characterized by tortuosity and elongation of the large- and medium-sized arteries and a propensity for aneurysm formation and vascular dissection. During infancy, children frequently present the involvement of the pulmonary arteries (elongation, tortuosity, stenosis) with dyspnea and cyanosis. Other CTD signs of ATS are dysmorphisms, abdominal hernias, joint hypermobility, skeletal abnormalities, and keratoconus. ATS is typically described as a severe disease with high rate of mortality due to major cardiovascular malformations. ATS is caused by mutations in the SLC2A10 gene, which encodes the facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). Approximately 100 ATS patients have been described, and 21 causal mutations have been identified in the SLC2A10 gene. Case presentation We describe the clinical findings and molecular characterization of three new ATS families, which provide insight into the clinical phenotype of the disorder; furthermore, we expand the allelic repertoire of SLC2A10 by identifying two novel mutations. We also review the ATS patients characterized by our group and compare their clinical findings with previous data. Conclusions Our data confirm that the cardiovascular prognosis in ATS is less severe than previously reported and that the first years of life are the most critical for possible life-threatening events. Molecular diagnosis is mandatory to distinguish ATS from other CTDs and to define targeted clinical follow-up and timely cardiovascular surgical or interventional treatment, when needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0122-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elena Reffo
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Quinzani
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Della Monica
- Unità Operativa di Genetica Medica, Ospedale Gaetano Rummo, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Scarano
- Unità Operativa di Genetica Medica, Ospedale Gaetano Rummo, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Pediatric Cardiology, A.O.R.N. Ospedale dei Colli, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Russo
- Pediatric Cardiology, A.O.R.N. Ospedale dei Colli, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ornella Milanesi
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A, Margittai É, Marcolongo P, Fulceri R, Németh CE, Szarka A. Subcellular compartmentation of ascorbate and its variation in disease states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1909-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Elastic fibres are insoluble components of the extracellular matrix of dynamic connective tissues such as skin, arteries, lungs and ligaments. They are laid down during development, and comprise a cross-linked elastin core within a template of fibrillin-based microfibrils. Their function is to endow tissues with the property of elastic recoil, and they also regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor β. Severe heritable elastic fibre diseases are caused by mutations in elastic fibre components; for example, mutations in elastin cause supravalvular aortic stenosis and autosomal dominant cutis laxa, mutations in fibrillin-1 cause Marfan syndrome and Weill–Marchesani syndrome, and mutations in fibulins-4 and -5 cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa. Acquired elastic fibre defects include dermal elastosis, whereas inflammatory damage to fibres contributes to pathologies such as pulmonary emphysema and vascular disease. This review outlines the latest understanding of the composition and assembly of elastic fibres, and describes elastic fibre diseases and current therapeutic approaches.
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Zito E. PRDX4, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized peroxiredoxin at the crossroads between enzymatic oxidative protein folding and nonenzymatic protein oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1666-74. [PMID: 23025503 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident peroxiredoxin that has the characteristic of coupling hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) catabolism with oxidative protein folding. This enzymatic arrangement involves the ingenious use of H(2)O(2) as a substrate to streamline protein metabolism. RECENT ADVANCES Mice with compound mutations in Prdx4 and Ero1 have revealed the physiological implication that PRDX4 is a fine-tuned enzymatic mediator of oxidative folding. Remarkably, by simultaneously triggering slow disulfide bond formation and the buildup of H(2)O(2), the lack of PRDX4 and endoplasmic oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1) exposes the thiols of new client proteins to competing H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation, which leads to an increase in sulfenylated proteins. Such oxygenated thiol derivatives exploit ascorbate as their reductant, thus accelerating its clearance. This relay of events culminates in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) and a senescent phenotype. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS By combining H(2)O(2) metabolism with oxidative folding, PRDX4 protects nascent proteins from an alternative oxidative fate, and cells from the consequences of having misfolded proteins. This highlights the importance of kinetic-regulated disulfide formation at physiological level, and the presence of an exquisite backup system to protect ER redox homeostasis. By altering ECM architecture, ascorbate depletion in the cells triggers an integrated signaling cascade. This sequence of events is part of a multifaceted response linking the ER and the nucleus, which helps cells to overcome ER redox impairment. Furthermore, the relationship between the protein sulfenylation and ascorbate depletion suggests that it would be interesting to explore the metabolism of ascorbate in pathological conditions accompanied by oxidative stress and a defective ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Zito
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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30
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Multiple roles of glucose-6-phosphatases in pathophysiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2608-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Transporter Proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118451908.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Martinelli D, Häberle J, Rubio V, Giunta C, Hausser I, Carrozzo R, Gougeard N, Marco-Marín C, Goffredo BM, Meschini MC, Bevivino E, Boenzi S, Colafati GS, Brancati F, Baumgartner MR, Dionisi-Vici C. Understanding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase deficiency: clinical, molecular, functional, and expression studies, structure-based analysis, and novel therapy with arginine. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:761-76. [PMID: 22170564 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Δ(1)-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) catalyzes the first two steps of ornithine/proline biosynthesis. P5CS deficiency has been reported in three families, with patients presenting with cutis/joint laxity, cataracts, and neurodevelopmental delay. Only one family exhibited metabolic changes consistent with P5CS deficiency (low proline/ornithine/citrulline/arginine; fasting hyperammonemia). Here we report a new P5CS-deficient patient presenting the complete clinical/metabolic phenotype and carrying p.G93R and p.T299I substitutions in the γ-glutamyl kinase (γGK) component of P5CS. The effects of these substitutions are (1) tested in mutagenesis/functional studies with E.coli γGK, (2) rationalized by structural modelling, and (3) reflected in decreased P5CS protein in patient fibroblasts (shown by immunofluorescence). Using optical/electron microscopy on skin biopsy, we show collagen/elastin fiber alterations that may contribute to connective tissue laxity and are compatible with our angio-MRI finding of kinky brain vessels in the patient. MR spectroscopy revealed decreased brain creatine, which normalized after sustained arginine supplementation, with improvement of neurodevelopmental and metabolic parameters, suggesting a pathogenic role of brain creatine decrease and the value of arginine therapy. Morphological and functional studies of fibroblast mitochondria show that P5CS deficiency is not associated with the mitochondrial alterations observed in Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase deficiency (another proline biosynthesis defect presenting cutis laxa and neurological alterations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
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Hoffjan S. Genetic dissection of marfan syndrome and related connective tissue disorders: an update 2012. Mol Syndromol 2012; 3:47-58. [PMID: 23326250 PMCID: PMC3542934 DOI: 10.1159/000339441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue characterized by early development of thoracic aortic aneurysms/dissections together with symptoms of the ocular and skeletal systems. While most patients/families with a classic phenotypic expression of MFS harbour mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN1), genetic studies of the recent years revealed that the clinical features, as well as the mutated genes, show a high degree of overlap between MFS and other connective tissue diseases (e.g. Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, familial thoracic aneurysms and dissections and others). We summarize herein the current knowledge about the wide spectrum of differential diagnoses and their genetic background as well as novel therapeutic approaches in order to provide appropriate counselling and clinical follow-up for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Castori M, Ritelli M, Zoppi N, Molisso L, Chiarelli N, Zaccagna F, Grammatico P, Colombi M. Adult presentation of arterial tortuosity syndrome in a 51-year-old woman with a novel homozygous c.1411+1G>A mutation in the SLC2A10 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1164-9. [PMID: 22488877 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, mainly characterized by tortuosity and elongation of the large- and medium-sized arteries with predisposition to stenoses and aneurysms. ATS is caused by mutations in the SLC2A10 gene, encoding for the facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) and is described typically in pediatric patients. We report on a 51-year-old woman, originally ascertained because of unexplained widespread chronic pain and positive family history of aortic malformation. The main findings included aged appearance, congenital joint hypermobility, joint instability complications, chronic fatigue syndrome, progressive painful joint stiffness, abdominal hernias, pelvic prolapses, multiple cardiac valve prolapses, varicose veins, easy bruising, and gingival recession. Vascular imaging revealed kinking and anomalous origin of the aortic arch branches, marked tortuosity of the aorta, pulmonary and most middle arteries, and a small aneurysm of the splenic artery. SLC2A10 analysis disclosed homozygosity for the novel c.1411+1G>A splice mutation, leading to a 41 amino acids GLUT10 internal deletion. Expression study by immunofluorescence using healthy control cells showed lack of membrane internalization of GLUT10 in patient's skin fibroblasts. This report describes the first splice-site SLC2A10 mutation and increases to 19 the repertoire of known mutations in this gene. Comparison with the few previously published adult patients with ATS contributes to the natural history of this condition, which is probably under diagnosed within the expanding family of inherited connective tissue disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castori
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Wessels M, Willems PJ. Arterial anomalies in arterial tortuosity syndrome: a sour-sweet pathology? Clin Genet 2012; 82:30-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Insulin induces production of new elastin in cultures of human aortic smooth muscle cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:715-26. [PMID: 22236491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus accelerates atherosclerotic progression, peripheral angiopathy development, and arterial hypertension, all of which are associated with elastic fiber disease. However, the potential mechanistic links between insulin deficiency and impaired elastogenesis in diabetes have not been explored. Results of the present study reveal that insulin administered in therapeutically relevant concentrations (0.5 to 10 nmol/L) selectively stimulates formation of new elastic fibers in cultures of human aortic smooth muscle cells. These concentrations of insulin neither up-regulate collagen type I and fibronectin deposition nor stimulate cellular proliferation. Further, the elastogenic effect of insulin occurs after insulin receptor activation, which triggers the PI3K downstream signaling pathway and activates elastin gene transcription. In addition, the promoter region of the human elastin gene contains the CAAATAA sequence, consistent with the FoxO-recognized element, and the genomic effects of insulin occur after removal of the FoxO1 transcriptional inhibitor from the FoxO-recognized element in the elastin gene promoter. In addition, insulin signaling facilitates the association of tropoelastin with its specific 67-kDa elastin-binding protein/spliced form of β-galactosidase chaperone, enhancing secretion. These results are crucial to understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of diabetes-associated vascular disease, and, in particular, endorse use of insulin therapy for treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in patients with type 1 diabetes, in which induction of new elastic fibers would mechanically stabilize the developing plaques and prevent arterial occlusions.
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Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1000-13. [PMID: 21664268 PMCID: PMC3156342 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic properties of two dietary antioxidants that are required by humans, vitamins C and E, are discussed relative to their biological effects. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential cofactor for α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Examples are prolyl hydroxylases, which play a role in the biosynthesis of collagen and in down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, a transcription factor that regulates many genes responsible for tumor growth, energy metabolism, and neutrophil function and apoptosis. Vitamin C-dependent inhibition of the HIF pathway may provide alternative or additional approaches for controlling tumor progression, infections, and inflammation. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) functions as an essential lipid-soluble antioxidant, scavenging hydroperoxyl radicals in a lipid milieu. Human symptoms of vitamin E deficiency suggest that its antioxidant properties play a major role in protecting erythrocyte membranes and nervous tissues. As an antioxidant, vitamin C provides protection against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage by scavenging of reactive oxygen species, by vitamin E-dependent neutralization of lipid hydroperoxyl radicals, and by protecting proteins from alkylation by electrophilic lipid peroxidation products. These bioactivities bear relevance to inflammatory disorders. Vitamin C also plays a role in the function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by recycling the eNOS cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, which is relevant to arterial elasticity and blood pressure regulation. Evidence from plants supports a role for vitamin C in the formation of covalent adducts with electrophilic secondary metabolites. Mechanism-based effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on biomarkers and on clinical outcomes from randomized, placebo-controlled trials are emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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38
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Munot P, Crow YJ, Ganesan V. Paediatric stroke: genetic insights into disease mechanisms and treatment targets. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:264-74. [PMID: 21349441 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In children, stroke is as common as brain tumour and causes substantial mortality and long-term morbidity, with recurrence in up to 20%. There are three sets of international clinical guidelines relating to childhood stroke; however, acute and preventive treatment recommendations are based on interventions effective in adults, rather than data regarding efficacy in children. A wide spectrum of risk factors underlies childhood stroke, and these risk factors vary from those encountered in adults. Specific disease mechanisms implicated in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke have received little attention, but an increased understanding of disease pathogenesis could lead to novel targeted treatment approaches. Here, we consider insights into the pathogenesis of childhood arterial ischaemic stroke and cerebral arteriopathy, provided by current knowledge of Mendelian diseases that are associated with an increased risk of these conditions. We give particular attention to aspects of vascular development, homoeostasis, and response to environmental effects. Our analysis highlights a potential role for interventions already licensed for pharmaceutical use, as well as new therapeutic targets and avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Munot
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
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