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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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Fu Y, Liu H, Li K, Wei P, Alam N, Deng J, Li M, Wu H, He X, Hou H, Xia C, Wang R, Wang W, Bai L, Xu B, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu E, Zhao S. C-reactive protein deficiency ameliorates experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233807. [PMID: 37753091 PMCID: PMC10518468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are elevated in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, it has not been investigated whether CRP contributes to AAA pathogenesis. Methods CRP deficient and wild type (WT) male mice were subjected to AAA induction via transient intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. AAAs were monitored by in situ measurements of maximal infrarenal aortic external diameters immediately prior to and 14 days following elastase infusion. Key AAA pathologies were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining procedures. The influence of CRP deficiency on macrophage activation was evaluated in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Results CRP protein levels were higher in aneurysmal than that in non-aneurysmal aortas. Aneurysmal aortic dilation was markedly suppressed in CRP deficient (aortic diameter: 1.08 ± 0.11 mm) as compared to WT (1.21 ± 0.08 mm) mice on day 14 after elastase infusion. More medial elastin was retained in CRP deficient than in WT elastase-infused mice. Macrophage accumulation was significantly less in aneurysmal aorta from CRP deficient than that from WT mice. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression was also attenuated in CRP deficient as compared to WT aneurysmal aortas. CRP deficiency had no recognizable influence on medial smooth muscle loss, lymphocyte accumulation, aneurysmal angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. In in vitro assays, mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase 2 were reduced in lipopolysaccharide activated peritoneal macrophages from CRP deficient as compared to wild type mice. Conclusion CRP deficiency suppressed experimental AAAs by attenuating aneurysmal elastin destruction, macrophage accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haole Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naqash Alam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiwen Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yankui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang XZ, Chen MJ, Fan PM, Jiang W, Liang SX. BTG2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Correlates with Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2727-2745. [PMID: 35300128 PMCID: PMC8922043 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s340565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) has been revealed to be involved in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers. However, the role of BTG2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still ambiguous. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prognostic value of BTG2 and its correlation with immune infiltration in LUAD. Methods The expression of BTG2 in LUAD was analyzed using the TIMER and UALCAN databases. The correlations between BTG2 expression and clinicopathological factors were investigated using the UALCAN databases. The Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA, and TCGA databases were employed to assess the prognostic value of BTG2. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct an interaction network and mine co-expression genes. The TISIDB database was examined for a correlation between BTG2 and driver genes in LUAD. Enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and BTG2 was performed using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the correlations between BTG2 and immune infiltrates were investigated using the TIMER, GEO, and TISIDB database. Results BTG2 was significantly downregulated in LUAD. The decreased expression of BTG2 in LUAD was significantly correlated with higher cancer stages and shorter duration of overall survival. The expressions of BTG2-related co-expression genes were associated with the prognosis in LUAD. The expression of BTG2 was closely associated with the mutations of TP53 and ROS1. Enrichment analysis revealed that BTG2 was significantly correlated with immune‐associated signaling pathways and function. In addition, the expression of BTG2 was found to be closely related to immune infiltration, multiple gene markers of immune cells, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. Conclusion Our findings have effectively demonstrated that BTG2 expression was downregulated in LUAD, indicating poor prognosis. Closely relating to immune cell infiltration, BTG2 may be a promising immune-related biomarker and molecular target for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Ming Fan
- Department of Breast-Thoracic Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Xiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shi Xiong Liang; Wei Jiang, Email ;
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Mosquera‐Sulbaran JA, Pedreañez A, Carrero Y, Callejas D. C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid-19 pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2221. [PMID: 34773448 PMCID: PMC7995022 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection is known as Covid‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). This disease can be asymptomatic or can affect multiple organ systems. Damage induced by the virus is related to dysfunctional activity of the immune system, but the activity of molecules such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a factor capable of inducing an inflammatory status that may be involved in the severe evolution of the disease, has not been extensively evaluated. A systematic review was performed using the NCBI‐PubMed database to find articles related to Covid‐19 immunity, inflammatory response, and CRP published from December 2019 to December 2020. High levels of CRP were found in patients with severe evolution of Covid‐19 in which several organ systems were affected and in patients who died. CRP activates complement, induces the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis which, together with the inflammatory status during the disease, can lead to a severe outcome. Several drugs can decrease the level or block the effect of CRP and might be useful in the treatment of Covid‐19. From this review it is reasonable to conclude that CRP is a factor that can contribute to severe evolution of Covid‐19 and that the use of drugs able to lower CRP levels or block its activity should be evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Mosquera‐Sulbaran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas “Dr. Americo Negrette”Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad del ZuliaMaracaiboVenezuela
| | - Adriana Pedreañez
- Catedra de InmunologiaEscuela de BioanalisisFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad del ZuliaMaracaiboVenezuela
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludCarrera de MedicinaUniversidad Tecnica de AmbatoAmbatoEcuador
| | - Diana Callejas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludDepartamento de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidad Tecnica de ManabiPortoviejoEcuador
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Li X, Xu H, Yi J, Dong C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Miao L, Zhou W. miR-365 secreted from M2 Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through the BTG2/FAK/AKT axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4671-4683. [PMID: 33811437 PMCID: PMC8107105 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that tumour-associated macrophages support cancer progression. Moreover, macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in pathogenesis of multiple cancers, yet the functions of molecular determinants in which have not been fully understood. Herein, we aim to understand whether macrophage modulates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression in an EV-dependent manner and the underlying mechanisms. microRNA (miR)-365 was experimentally determined to be enriched in the EVs from M2 macrophages (M2-EVs), which could be transferred into PDAC cells. Using a co-culture system, M2-EVs could enhance the proliferating, migrating and invading potentials of PDAC cells, while inhibition of miR-365 in M2-EVs could repress these malignant functions. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was identified to be a direct target of miR-365, while the focal adhesion kinase (F/ATP)-dependent tyrosine kinase (AKT) pathway was activated by miR-365. We further demonstrated that overexpression of BTG2 could delay the progression of PDAC in vitro, whereas by impairing BTG2-mediated anti-tumour effect, M2-EV-miR-365 promoted PDAC progression. For validation, a nude mouse model of tumorigenesis was established, in which we found that targeting M2-EV-miR-365 contributed to suppression of tumour growth. Collectively, M2-EVs carry miR-365 to suppress BTG2 expression, which activated FAK/AKT pathway, thus promoting PDAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hao Xu
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chunlu Dong
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Long Miao
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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As’ad MRF, Liben P, Herawati L. Mechanism of Physical Exercise on Lowering Levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Overweight and Obese. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i1.18258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of overweight and obesity in the world increased continuously. In 2016, obesity increased by 3% in men and 6% in women compared to 1975. Overweight cases also increased by 20% in men and 23% in women compared to 1975. Overweight and obesity have been linked to an increase in adipose tissue in the body. Increased adipose tissue associated with inflammation, which one of its characteristics is an increase levels of C - Reactive Protein (CRP). This article aim is to describe the mechanism of physical exercise to diminish CRP level in overweight and obesity. Adipose tissue produces and releases various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP. One of the prevention and treatment of inflammatory for overweight and obesity cases is to do physical exercise. In cases of overweight and obesity, the physical exercise aims to increase energy expenditure. Physical exercise decreases the volume and amount of adipose and pre-adipose tissue as well as the number of endothelial cells and macrophages in adipose that contain pro-inflammation such as IL-1, TNF-α, CRP, serum amyloid protein (SAA), and cytokines. Physical exercise rises anti-inflammatory properties such as IL-10, IL-1ra which play a role in inhibiting the transduction of IL-1β signals and inhibiting TNF-α synthesis. Physical exercise also amplifies antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPX. The antioxidants play a role in fighting free radicals to reduce inflammation.
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Patil NS, Zou W, Mocci S, Sandler A, Ballinger M, Flynn S, Kowanetz M, Hegde PS. C-reactive protein reduction post treatment is associated with improved survival in atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) treated non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246486. [PMID: 33534859 PMCID: PMC7857603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Overall survival (OS) is the most significant endpoint for evaluation of treatment benefit with checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in cancer. We evaluated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) as an early OS surrogate. METHODS Serum from patients enrolled in randomized Phase II (n = 240) and Phase III (n = 701) trials of NSCLC patients (POPLAR, OAK) who progressed on prior-platinum chemotherapy, were analyzed for CRP levels over time. Patients were grouped by changes in CRP levels post-treatment as either increased (≥ 1.5 fold), decreased (≤ 1.5 fold) or unchanged (within +1.5 fold) relative to pre-treatment levels to assess association with progression free survival (PFS) and OS. RESULTS Decrease in serum CRP levels at 6 weeks relative to pre-treatment were observed in patients with RECIST1.1 based complete or partial responses (CR/PR) to atezolizumab whereas patients with disease progression (PD) demonstrated an increase in CRP levels in the Phase II POPLAR study, and confirmed in the Phase III OAK study. Decrease in serum CRP as early as six weeks post treatment predicted improved PFS and OS, even in patients who were determined as stable disease (SD) in their first scan. This effect was not observed in the chemotherapy arms. CONCLUSION Modulation of serum CRP correlates with clinical outcome post-atezolizumab treatment. This routine lab test may provide utility in informing OS signals as early as 6 weeks post-initiation of therapy with CPIs in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata S. Patil
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Zou
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Simonetta Mocci
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Sandler
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus Ballinger
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Flynn
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcin Kowanetz
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Priti S. Hegde
- Genentech, S. San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Pathogenic role of human C-reactive protein in diabetic retinopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1613-1629. [PMID: 32602547 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, its pathogenic role in DR remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the potential role of CRP in DR pathogenesis and explore its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CRP transgenic (hCRP-Tg) rats were employed for streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models. The retina function was monitored by electroretinography (ERG) and retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). TUNEL and cell death ELISA were performed to measure the apoptosis. Oxidative stress was detected by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and 3-Nitrotyrosine staining in tissue sections. RESULTS In non-diabetic condition, hCRP-Tg with elevated hCRP levels in the retinas demonstrated declined ERG responses and decreased retinal thickness. In STZ-induced diabetic condition, overexpression of hCRP deteriorated retinal neurodegeneration as shown by ERG and apoptosis assays. hCRP also exacerbated retinal leukostasis and acellular capillary formation induced by diabetes. In the OIR model, overexpression of hCRP exacerbated retinal neovascularization (NV). In retinal cell lines, hCRP treatment induced cell death and over-production of ROS. Furthermore, hCRP-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-angiogenic factors was associated with up-regulation of CD32 and the NF-κB signaling in the retinas. CONCLUSIONS Elevated hCRP levels play a pathogenic role in DR. Targeting the hCRP-CD32-NF-κB pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Moeng S, Son SW, Lee JS, Lee HY, Kim TH, Choi SY, Kuh HJ, Park JK. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Pancreatic Cancer: From the Role of EVs to the Interference with EV-Mediated Reciprocal Communication. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080267. [PMID: 32756339 PMCID: PMC7459718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is malignant and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are—at most—moderately effective, indicating the need for new and different kinds of therapies to manage this disease. It has been proposed that the biologic properties of pancreatic cancer cells are finely tuned by the dynamic microenvironment, which includes extracellular matrix, cancer-associated cells, and diverse immune cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in communication between heterogeneous subpopulations of cells by transmitting multiplex biomolecules. EV-mediated cell–cell communication ultimately contributes to several aspects of pancreatic cancer, such as growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of extracellular vesicles and their cargo molecules in pancreatic cancer. We also present the feasibility of the inhibition of extracellular biosynthesis and their itinerary (release and uptake) for a new attractive therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokviseth Moeng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jong Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Han Yeoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.M.); (S.W.S.); (J.S.L.); (H.Y.L.); (T.H.K.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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10
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Li S, Li Y, Deng B, Yan J, Wang Y. Identification of the Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Synergistic Neurotoxicity of an HIV Protease Inhibitor and Methamphetamine. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:290-303. [PMID: 31550215 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190924200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients taking METH and antiretroviral drugs could suffer severe neurologic damage and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To reveal the underlying neuropathologic mechanisms of an HIV protease inhibitor (PI) combined with METH, growth-inhibition tests of dopaminergic cells and RNA sequencing were performed. METHODS A combination of METH and PI caused more growth inhibition of dopaminergic cells than METH alone or a PI alone. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns in the METH vs. untreated cells (1161 genes), PI vs. untreated cells (16 genes), METH-PI vs. PI (3959 genes), and METH-PI vs. METH groups (14 genes). RESULTS The DEGs in the METH-PI co-treatment group were verified in the brains of a mouse model using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were involved mostly in the regulatory functions of cell proliferation and inflammation. CONCLUSION Such identification of key regulatory genes could facilitate the study of their neuroprotective potential in the users of METH and PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsang Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingpeng Deng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bello-Perez M, Pereiro P, Coll J, Novoa B, Perez L, Falco A. Zebrafish C-reactive protein isoforms inhibit SVCV replication by blocking autophagy through interactions with cell membrane cholesterol. Sci Rep 2020; 10:566. [PMID: 31953490 PMCID: PMC6969114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the mechanisms involved in the recently reported antiviral activity of zebrafish C-reactive protein-like protein (CRP1-7) against the spring viraemia of carp rhabdovirus (SVCV) in fish are explored. The results neither indicate blocking of the attachment or the binding step of the viral replication cycle nor suggest the direct inhibition of G protein fusion activity or the stimulation of the host’s interferon system. However, an antiviral state in the host is induced. Further results showed that the antiviral protection conferred by CRP1-7 was mainly due to the inhibition of autophagic processes. Thus, given the high affinity of CRPs for cholesterol and the recently described influence of the cholesterol balance in lipid rafts on autophagy, both methyl-β-cyclodextrin (a cholesterol-complexing agent) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (a cholesterol molecule with antiviral properties) were used to further describe CRP activity. All the tested compounds exerted antiviral activity by affecting autophagy in a similar manner. Further assays indicate that CRP reduces autophagy activity by initially disturbing the cholesterol ratios in the host cellular membranes, which in turn negatively affects the intracellular regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases lysosomal pH as a consequence. Ultimately, here we propose that such pH changes exert an inhibitory direct effect on SVCV replication by disrupting the pH-dependent membrane-fusogenic ability of the viral glycoprotein G, which allows the release of the virus from endosomes into cytoplasm during its entry phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bello-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Tecnologías Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Dpto. Biotecnología, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - Luis Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Elche, 03202, Spain.
| | - Alberto Falco
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Elche, 03202, Spain.
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12
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CRP Stimulates GDF15 Expression in Endothelial Cells through p53. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8278039. [PMID: 29967567 PMCID: PMC6008756 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8278039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a multifunctional, secreted protein that is a direct target gene of p53. GDF15 is a prospective biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). C-reactive protein (CRP), like GDF15, is implicated in inflammation and an independent biomarker of CVD. However, the molecular interactions between GDF15 and CRP remain unexplored. In women, we found a significant relationship between hsCRP and GDF15 serum and mRNA levels. In vitro treatment of cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with purified CRP or transfection of a CRP plasmid into HAECs induced GDF15 expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that CRP significantly increased the levels of GDF15 promoter luciferase activity, indicating that CRP induces GDF15 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that p53 was recruited to both p53 binding sites 1 and 2 in the GDF15 promoter in response to CRP. We have uncovered a linkage between CRP and GDF15, a new clue that could be important in the pathogenesis of endothelial inflammation.
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13
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Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29706967 PMCID: PMC5908901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1378] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute inflammatory protein that increases up to 1,000-fold at sites of infection or inflammation. CRP is produced as a homopentameric protein, termed native CRP (nCRP), which can irreversibly dissociate at sites of inflammation and infection into five separate monomers, termed monomeric CRP (mCRP). CRP is synthesized primarily in liver hepatocytes but also by smooth muscle cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and adipocytes. Evidence suggests that estrogen in the form of hormone replacement therapy influences CRP levels in the elderly. Having been traditionally utilized as a marker of infection and cardiovascular events, there is now growing evidence that CRP plays important roles in inflammatory processes and host responses to infection including the complement pathway, apoptosis, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and the production of cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Unlike more recent publications, the findings of early work on CRP can seem somewhat unclear and at times conflicting since it was often not specified which particular CRP isoform was measured or utilized in experiments and whether responses attributed to nCRP were in fact possibly due to dissociation into mCRP or lipopolysaccharide contamination. In addition, since antibodies for mCRP are not commercially available, few laboratories are able to conduct studies investigating the mCRP isoform. Despite these issues and the fact that most CRP research to date has focused on vascular disorders, there is mounting evidence that CRP isoforms have distinct biological properties, with nCRP often exhibiting more anti-inflammatory activities compared to mCRP. The nCRP isoform activates the classical complement pathway, induces phagocytosis, and promotes apoptosis. On the other hand, mCRP promotes the chemotaxis and recruitment of circulating leukocytes to areas of inflammation and can delay apoptosis. The nCRP and mCRP isoforms work in opposing directions to inhibit and induce NO production, respectively. In terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, mCRP increases interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, whereas nCRP has no detectable effect on their levels. Further studies are needed to expand on these emerging findings and to fully characterize the differential roles that each CRP isoform plays at sites of local inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Sproston
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Ryu JW, Choe SS, Ryu SH, Park EY, Lee BW, Kim TK, Ha CH, Lee SW. Paradoxical induction of growth arrest and apoptosis by EGF via the up-regulation of PTEN by activating Redox factor-1/Egr-1 in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4181-4195. [PMID: 27935858 PMCID: PMC5354822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling promotes cell proliferation and survival in several types of cancer. Here, however, we showed that EGF inhibits proliferation and promotes programmed cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In A549 cells, EGF increased redox factor-1 (Ref-1) expression and the association of Ref-1 with zinc finger-containing transcriptional regulator (EGR1) via activation of p22phox, RAC1, and an NADPH oxidase subunit. EGF increased p22phox and RAC1 expression through activation of purinergic receptors (P2Y). Elevated Ref-1/EGR1 levels increased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) levels, leading to inhibition of the Akt pathway. EGF-induced PTEN upregulation increased apoptosis and autophagy-induced damage in A549 cells, whereas Ref-1 knockdown blocked EGF-induced PTEN upregulation in an NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit-independent manner. In addition, p22phox knockdown restored EGF-induced effects, implying that changes in P2Y activity caused by EGF, which activates NADPH oxidase via RAC1, influenced Ref-1-mediated redox regulation. Finally, EGF similarly attenuated cell proliferation and promoted autophagy and apoptosis in vivo in a xenograft model using A549 cells. These findings reveal that EGF-induced redox signaling is linked to Ref-1-induced death in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Institutive Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Kyeongki Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Choi OR, Ryu MS, Lim IK. Shifting p53-induced senescence to cell death by TIS21(/BTG2/Pc3) gene through posttranslational modification of p53 protein. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1172-1185. [PMID: 27208501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence and apoptosis can be regulated by p53 activity, although the underlying mechanism of the switch between the two events remains largely unknown. Cells exposed to cancer chemotherapy can escape to senescence phenotype rather than undergoing apoptosis. By employing adenoviral transduction of p53 or TIS21 genes, we observed shifting of p53 induced-senescence to apoptosis in EJ bladder cancer cells, which express H-RasV12 and mutant p53; transduction of p53 increased H-RasV12 expression along with senescence phenotypes, whereas coexpression with TIS21 (p53+TIS21) induced cell death rather than senescence. The TIS21-mediated switch of senescence to apoptosis was accompanied by nuclear translocation of p53 protein and its modifications on Ser-15 and Ser-46 phosphorylation and acetylations on Lys-120, -320, -373 and -382 residues. Mechanistically, TIS21(/BTG2) regulated posttranslational modification of p53 via enhancing miR34a and Bax expressions as opposed to inhibiting SIRT1 and Bcl2 expression. At the same time, TIS21 increased APAF-1 and p53AIP1 expressions, but inhibited the interaction of p53 with iASPP. In vitro tumorigenicity was significantly reduced in the p53+TIS21 expresser through inhibiting micro-colony proliferation by TIS21. Effect of TIS21 on the regulation of p53 activity was confirmed by knockdown of TIS21 expression by RNA interference. Therefore, we suggest TIS21 expression as an endogenous cell death inducer at the downstream of p53 gene, which might be useful for intractable cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Ran Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Normal and Pathological Development of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by the PC3/Tis21/Btg2 and Btg1 Genes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
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17
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Li FJ, Duggal RN, Oliva OM, Karki S, Surolia R, Wang Z, Watson RD, Thannickal VJ, Powell M, Watts S, Kulkarni T, Batra H, Bolisetty S, Agarwal A, Antony VB. Heme oxygenase-1 protects corexit 9500A-induced respiratory epithelial injury across species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122275. [PMID: 25835394 PMCID: PMC4383564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Corexit 9500A (CE) on respiratory epithelial surfaces of terrestrial mammals and marine animals are largely unknown. This study investigated the role of CE-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme with anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activity, in human bronchial airway epithelium and the gills of exposed aquatic animals. We evaluated CE-mediated alterations in human airway epithelial cells, mice lungs and gills from zebrafish and blue crabs. Our results demonstrated that CE induced an increase in gill epithelial edema and human epithelial monolayer permeability, suggesting an acute injury caused by CE exposure. CE induced the expression of HO-1 as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which are associated with ROS production. Importantly, CE induced caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptosis of epithelial cells. The expression of the intercellular junctional proteins, such as tight junction proteins occludin, zonula occludens (ZO-1), ZO-2 and adherens junctional proteins E-cadherin and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), were remarkably inhibited by CE, suggesting that these proteins are involved in CE-induced increased permeability and subsequent apoptosis. The cytoskeletal protein F-actin was also disrupted by CE. Treatment with carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) significantly inhibited CE-induced ROS production, while the addition of HO-1 inhibitor, significantly increased CE-induced ROS production and apoptosis, suggesting a protective role of HO-1 or its reaction product, CO, in CE-induced apoptosis. Using HO-1 knockout mice, we further demonstrated that HO-1 protected against CE-induced inflammation and cellular apoptosis and corrected CE-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin and FAK. These observations suggest that CE activates CRP and NOX4-mediated ROS production, alters permeability by inhibition of junctional proteins, and leads to caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of epithelial cells, while HO-1 and its reaction products protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ryan N. Duggal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Octavio M. Oliva
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Suman Karki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - R. Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Mickie Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hitesh Batra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Wåhlin-Larsson B, Carnac G, Kadi F. The influence of systemic inflammation on skeletal muscle in physically active elderly women. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9718. [PMID: 25311555 PMCID: PMC4199340 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms responsible for the decline in skeletal muscle mass during aging remain unknown. It is hypothesized that elevations in the level of the acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) negatively affect skeletal muscle mass in elderly. We examined the relationship between serum CRP and muscle mass in a population of active elderly women (65-70 years; n =23). Though all subjects were physically active, serum CRP levels were negatively associated to the amount of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (R(2) = 0.20, P = 0.032) and to skeletal muscle mass (R(2) = 0.28, P = 0.009). We further aimed to determine the potential mechanisms behind the action of systemic inflammation on skeletal muscle by exposing myoblasts isolated from vastus lateralis to the different sera from each elderly woman. The doubling time (DT) of myoblasts increased when cells were exposed to sera with high CRP levels (R(2) = 0.27, P = 0.011), indicating that CRP contributes to the impairment of the proliferative rate of myoblasts in elderly. In order to further confirm our findings, we incubated human myoblasts in exogenous CRP. Exposition to exogenous CRP induced an increase in myoblast DT by 1.21-fold (P = 0.007) and a reduction in the expression of the proliferation marker ki-67 confirming the negative influence of CRP on myoblast proliferative rate. Collectively, these findings highlight the contribution of the systemic inflammatory status in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Wåhlin-Larsson
- />School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gilles Carnac
- />INSERM U1046, University Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- />School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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