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Baudouin L, Adès N, Kanté K, Bachelin C, Hmidan H, Deboux C, Panic R, Ben Messaoud R, Velut Y, Hamada S, Pionneau C, Duarte K, Poëa-Guyon S, Barnier JV, Nait Oumesmar B, Bouslama-Oueghlani L. Antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin drive myelin membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:1518-1540. [PMID: 38794866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes (OLs) relies on the switch from the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton to its depolymerization. The molecular mechanisms that trigger this switch have yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a major regulator of actin depolymerization in OLs. Our results demonstrate that PAK1 accumulates in OLs in a kinase-inhibited form, triggering actin disassembly and, consequently, myelin membrane expansion. Remarkably, proteomic analysis of PAK1 binding partners enabled the identification of NF2/Merlin as its endogenous inhibitor. Our findings indicate that Nf2 knockdown in OLs results in PAK1 activation, actin polymerization, and a reduction in OL myelin membrane expansion. This effect is rescued by treatment with a PAK1 inhibitor. We also provide evidence that the specific Pak1 loss-of-function in oligodendroglia stimulates the thickening of myelin sheaths in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that the antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin on the actin cytoskeleton of the OLs are critical for proper myelin formation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications in demyelinating diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Adès
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kadia Kanté
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Bachelin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hatem Hmidan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Al-Quds University, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Radmila Panic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Ben Messaoud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yoan Velut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Duarte
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lamia Bouslama-Oueghlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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2
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Vlashi R, Sun F, Zheng C, Zhang X, Liu J, Chen G. The molecular biology of NF2/Merlin on tumorigenesis and development. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23809. [PMID: 38967126 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, known for encoding the tumor suppressor protein Merlin, is central to the study of tumorigenesis and associated cellular processes. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted role of NF2/Merlin, detailing its structural characteristics, functional diversity, and involvement in various signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, TGF-β, RTKs, mTOR, Notch, and Hedgehog. These pathways are crucial for cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. NF2 mutations are specifically linked to the development of schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas, although the precise mechanisms of tumor formation in these specific cell types remain unclear. Additionally, the review explores Merlin's role in embryogenesis, highlighting the severe developmental defects and embryonic lethality caused by NF2 deficiency. The potential therapeutic strategies targeting these genetic aberrations are also discussed, emphasizing inhibitors of mTOR, HDAC, and VEGF as promising avenues for treatment. This synthesis of current knowledge underscores the necessity for ongoing research to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of NF2/Merlin and develop effective therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with NF2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuju Sun
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Lei Z, Niu J, Cai H, Kong Z, Ding X, Dong Y, Zhang D, Li X, Shao J, Lin A, Zhou R, Yang S, Yan Q. NF2 regulates IP3R-mediated Ca 2+ signal and apoptosis in meningiomas. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23737. [PMID: 38953724 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and account for nearly 30% of all nervous system tumors. Approximately half of meningioma patients exhibit neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene inactivation. Here, NF2 was shown to interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca2+) channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) in IOMM-Lee, a high-grade malignant meningioma cell line, and the F1 subdomain of NF2 plays a critical role in this interaction. Functional assays indicated that NF2 promotes the phosphorylation of IP3R (Ser 1756) and IP3R-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release by binding to IP3R1, which results in Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Knockout of NF2 decreased Ca2+ release and promoted resistance to apoptosis, which was rescued by wild-type NF2 overexpression but not by F1 subdomain deletion truncation overexpression. The effects of NF2 defects on the development of tumors were further studied in mouse models. The decreased expression level of NF2 caused by NF2 gene knockout or mutation affects the activity of the IP3R channel, which reduces Ca2+-dependent apoptosis, thereby promoting the development of tumors. We elucidated the interaction patterns of NF2 and IP3R1, revealed the molecular mechanism through which NF2 regulates IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release, and elucidated the new pathogenic mechanism of meningioma-related NF2 variants. Our study broadens the current understanding of the biological function of NF2 and provides ideas for drug screening of NF2-associated meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Logan IE, Nguyen KT, Chatterjee T, Manivannan B, Paul NP, Kim SR, Sixta EM, Bastian LP, Marean-Reardon C, Karajannis MA, Fernández-Valle C, Estevez AG, Franco MC. Selective nitration of Hsp90 acts as a metabolic switch promoting tumor cell proliferation. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103249. [PMID: 38945076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop in an oxidative environment characterized by peroxynitrite production and downstream protein tyrosine (Y) nitration. We showed that tyrosine nitration supports schwannoma cell proliferation and regulates cell metabolism in the inheritable tumor disorder NF2-related Schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN). Here, we identified the chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as the first nitrated protein that acts as a metabolic switch to promote schwannoma cell proliferation. Doubling the endogenous levels of nitrated Hsp90 in schwannoma cells or supplementing nitrated Hsp90 into normal Schwann cells increased their proliferation. Metabolically, nitration on either Y33 or Y56 conferred Hsp90 distinct functions; nitration at Y33 (Hsp90NY33) down-regulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while nitration at Y56 (Hsp90NY56) increased glycolysis by activating the purinergic receptor P2X7 in both schwannoma and normal Schwann cells. Hsp90NY33 and Hsp90NY56 showed differential subcellular and spatial distribution corresponding with their metabolic and proliferative functions in schwannoma three-dimensional cell culture models. Collectively, these results underscore the role of tyrosine nitration as a post-translational modification regulating critical cellular processes. Nitrated proteins, particularly nitrated Hsp90, emerge as a novel category of tumor-directed therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Florida, 34987, USA
| | - Kyle T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tilottama Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Ngozi P Paul
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Florida, 34987, USA
| | - Sharon R Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Evelyn M Sixta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Lydia P Bastian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carrie Marean-Reardon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Cristina Fernández-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Alvaro G Estevez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Florida, 34987, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, 33199, USA.
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5
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Kim BH, Chung YH, Woo TG, Kang SM, Park S, Kim M, Park BJ. NF2-Related Schwannomatosis (NF2): Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6558. [PMID: 38928264 PMCID: PMC11204266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is a genetic syndrome characterized by the growth of benign tumors in the nervous system, particularly bilateral vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. This review consolidates the current knowledge on NF2 syndrome, emphasizing the molecular pathology associated with the mutations in the gene of the same name, the NF2 gene, and the subsequent dysfunction of its product, the Merlin protein. Merlin, a tumor suppressor, integrates multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell contact, proliferation, and motility, thereby influencing tumor growth. The loss of Merlin disrupts these pathways, leading to tumorigenesis. We discuss the roles of another two proteins potentially associated with NF2 deficiency as well as Merlin: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), which may promote tumor growth, and Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), which appears to suppress tumor development. Additionally, this review discusses the efficacy of various treatments, such as molecular therapies that target specific pathways or inhibit neomorphic protein-protein interaction caused by NF2 deficiency. This overview not only expands on the fundamental understanding of NF2 pathophysiology but also explores the potential of novel therapeutic targets that affect the clinical approach to NF2 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.)
| | - Yeon-Ho Chung
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.)
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.)
| | - So-mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.)
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46274, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ruiz-García C, Lassaletta L, López-Larrubia P, Varela-Nieto I, Murillo-Cuesta S. Tumors of the nervous system and hearing loss: Beyond vestibular schwannomas. Hear Res 2024; 447:109012. [PMID: 38703433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common side effect of many tumor treatments. However, hearing loss can also occur as a direct result of certain tumors of the nervous system, the most common of which are the vestibular schwannomas (VS). These tumors arise from Schwann cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve and their main cause is the loss of function of NF2, with 95 % of cases being sporadic and 5 % being part of the rare neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related Schwannomatosis. Genetic variations in NF2 do not fully explain the clinical heterogeneity of VS, and interactions between Schwann cells and their microenvironment appear to be critical for tumor development. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of VS are needed to develop prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapies. In addition to VS, other tumors can affect hearing. Meningiomas and other masses in the cerebellopontine angle can compress the vestibulocochlear nerve due to their anatomic proximity. Gliomas can disrupt several neurological functions, including hearing; in fact, glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive subtype, may exhibit early symptoms of auditory alterations. Besides, treatments for high-grade tumors, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as incomplete resections, can induce long-term auditory dysfunction. Because hearing loss can have an irreversible and dramatic impact on quality of life, it should be considered in the clinical management plan of patients with tumors, and monitored throughout the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruiz-García
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, La Paz University Hospital. Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Research in Otoneurosurgery. Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Neuropathology of Hearing and Myelinopathies, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM. Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain; PhD Program in Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, La Paz University Hospital. Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Research in Otoneurosurgery. Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 9-11, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM. Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Research in Otoneurosurgery. Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Neuropathology of Hearing and Myelinopathies, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM. Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 9-11, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Research in Otoneurosurgery. Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo La Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Neuropathology of Hearing and Myelinopathies, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM. Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 9-11, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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7
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Nickl V, Ziebolz D, Rumpel C, Klein D, Nickl R, Rampeltshammer E, Monoranu CM, Ernestus RI, Matthies C, Löhr M, Hagemann C, Breun M. Analysis of tumor microenvironment composition in vestibular schwannomas: insights into NF2-associated and sporadic variations and their clinical correlations. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1340184. [PMID: 38817895 PMCID: PMC11137168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1340184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Vestibular schwannomas (VS), benign tumors stemming from the eighth cranial nerve's Schwann cells, are associated with Merlin gene mutations, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing tumor initiation, maintenance, and potential neural dysfunction. Understanding TME composition holds promise for systemic therapeutic interventions, particularly for NF2-related schwannomatosis. Methodology A retrospective analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue from 40 patients (2013-2020), evenly divided by neurofibromatosis type 2 status, with further stratification based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) progression and hearing function. Immunohistochemistry assessed TME components, including T-cell markers (CD4, CD8, CD25), NK cells (CD7), and macrophages (CD14, CD68, CD163, CCR2). Fiji software facilitated image analysis. Results T-cell markers (CD4, CD8, CD7) exhibited low expression in VS, with no significant NF2-associated vs. sporadic distinctions. Macrophage-related markers (CD14, CD68, CD163, CCR2) showed significantly higher expression (CD14: p = 0.0187, CD68: p < 0.0001, CD163: p = 0.0006, CCR2: p < 0.0001). CCR2 and CD163 significantly differed between NF2-associated and sporadic VS. iNOS, an M1-macrophage marker, was downregulated. CD25, a regulatory T-cell marker, correlated significantly with tumor growth dynamics (p = 0.016). Discussion Immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages, crucially contribute to VS pathogenesis in both NF2-associated and sporadic cases. Significant differences in CCR2 and CD163 expression suggest distinct immune responses. Regulatory T-cells may serve as growth dynamic markers. These findings highlight immune cells as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Nickl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Ziebolz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rumpel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Klein
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Nickl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Rampeltshammer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M. Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Breun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Wu M, Hu L, He L, Yuan L, Yang L, Zhao B, Zhang L, He X. The tumor suppressor NF2 modulates TEAD4 stability and activity in Hippo signaling via direct interaction. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107212. [PMID: 38522513 PMCID: PMC11046300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As an output effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, the TEAD transcription factor and co-activator YAP play crucial functions in promoting cell proliferation and organ size. The tumor suppressor NF2 has been shown to activate LATS1/2 kinases and interplay with the Hippo pathway to suppress the YAP-TEAD complex. However, whether and how NF2 could directly regulate TEAD remains unknown. We identified a direct link and physical interaction between NF2 and TEAD4. NF2 interacted with TEAD4 through its FERM domain and C-terminal tail and decreased the protein stability of TEAD4 independently of LATS1/2 and YAP. Furthermore, NF2 inhibited TEAD4 palmitoylation and induced the cytoplasmic translocation of TEAD4, resulting in ubiquitination and dysfunction of TEAD4. Moreover, the interaction with TEAD4 is required for NF2 function to suppress cell proliferation. These findings reveal an unanticipated role of NF2 as a binding partner and inhibitor of the transcription factor TEAD, shedding light on an alternative mechanism of how NF2 functions as a tumor suppressor through the Hippo signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; College of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Pipchuk A, Kelly T, Carew M, Nicol C, Yang X. Development of Novel Bioluminescent Biosensors Monitoring the Conformation and Activity of the Merlin Tumour Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1527. [PMID: 38338806 PMCID: PMC10855677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours can universally evade contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP), a mechanism halting cell proliferation when cell-cell contact occurs. Merlin, an ERM-like protein, crucially regulates CIP and is frequently deactivated in various cancers, indicating its significance as a tumour suppressor in cancer biology. Despite extensive investigations into Merlin's role in cancer, its lack of intrinsic catalytic activity and frequent conformation changes have made it notoriously challenging to study. To address this challenge, we harnessed innovative luciferase technologies to create and validate a NanoBiT split-luciferase biosensor system in which Merlin is cloned between two split components (LgBiT and SmBiT) of NanoLuc luciferase. This system enables precise quantification of Merlin's conformation and activity both in vitro and within living cells. This biosensor significantly enhances the study of Merlin's molecular functions, serving as a potent tool for exploring its contributions to CIP and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (A.P.); (T.K.); (M.C.); (C.N.)
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10
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Jovanović A, Tošić N, Marjanović I, Komazec J, Zukić B, Nikitović M, Ilić R, Grujičić D, Janić D, Pavlović S. Germline Variants in Cancer Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17387. [PMID: 38139220 PMCID: PMC10744041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors comprise around 20% of childhood malignancies. Germline variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) are found in approximately 10% of pediatric patients with CNS tumors. This study aimed to characterize variants in CPGs in pediatric patients with CNS tumors and correlate these findings with clinically relevant data. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 pediatric patients and further analyzed by the next-generation sequencing approach. Bioinformatic analysis was done using an "in-house" gene list panel, which included 144 genes related to pediatric brain tumors, and the gene list panel Neoplasm (HP:0002664). Our study found that 27% of pediatric patients with CNS tumors have a germline variant in some of the known CPGs, like ALK, APC, CHEK2, ELP1, MLH1, MSH2, NF1, NF2 and TP53. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of germline variants in pediatric patients with CNS tumors in the Western Balkans region. Our results indicate the necessity of genomic research to reveal the genetic basis of pediatric CNS tumors, as well as to define targets for the application and development of innovative therapeutics that form the basis of the upcoming era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Jovanović
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Nataša Tošić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Irena Marjanović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jovana Komazec
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Branka Zukić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Pediatric Radiation Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
- Neurooncology Department, Neurosurgery Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
- Neurooncology Department, Neurosurgery Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Janić
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Sonja Pavlović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
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11
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Li Q, Gao P. Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling. Front Med 2023; 17:855-866. [PMID: 37906339 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation are widespread and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. cGAS-STING signaling functions to detect aberrant DNA signals to initiate anti-infection defense and antitumor immunity. At the same time, cGAS-STING signaling must be carefully regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. Interestingly, exciting recent studies have reported that biomolecular phase separation exists and plays important roles in different steps of cGAS-STING signaling, including cGAS condensates, STING condensates, and IRF3 condensates. In addition, several intracellular and extracellular factors have been proposed to modulate the condensates in cGAS-STING signaling. These studies reveal novel activation and regulation mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling and provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances in the phase separation of cGAS-STING signaling and the development of potential drugs targeting these innate immune condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Pu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Zheng R, Li Z, Ma J. Liquid-liquid Phase Separation in Viral Function. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167955. [PMID: 36642156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An emerging set of results suggests that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is the basis for the formation of membrane-less compartments in cells. Evidence is now mounting that various types of virus-induced membrane-less compartments and organelles are also assembled via LLPS. Specifically, viruses appear to use intracellular phase transitions to form subcellular microenvironments known as viral factories, inclusion bodies, or viroplasms. These compartments - collectively referred to as viral biomolecular condensates - can be used to concentrate replicase proteins, viral genomes, and host proteins that are required for virus replication. They can also be used to subvert or avoid the intracellular immune response. This review examines how certain DNA or RNA viruses drive the formation of viral condensates, the possible biological functions of those condensates, and the biophysical and biochemical basis for their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Run Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China.
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13
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Nobee A, Xu M, Seth A, Rong Y. Atypical Intraparenchymal Meningioma with YAP1-MAML2 Fusion in a Young Adult Male: A Case Report and Mini Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12814. [PMID: 37628996 PMCID: PMC10454436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP) 1 fusions have been recently identified in several cases of meningioma mostly involving pediatric patients. The meningiomas harboring YAP1-MAML2, which is the most frequent fusion subtype, exhibit activated YAP1 signaling and share similarities with NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2 gene) mutant meningiomas. We reported a rare case of atypical intraparenchymal meningioma with YAP1-MAML2 fusion in a 20-year-old male. The patient presented with an episode of seizure without a medical history. MRI revealed a lesion in the right temporal lobe without extra-axial involvement. The radiological and morphological findings, however, were indistinctive from other intracranial diseases, e.g., vascular malformation and glioma. Immunohistochemical results confirmed the presence of abundant meningothelial cells in the tumor and indicated brain invasion, supporting the diagnosis of atypical intraparenchymal meningioma. Targeted RNA fusion analysis further identified a YAP1-MAML2 rearrangement in the tumor. Non-dural-based intraparenchymal meningiomas are uncommon, and the careful selection of specific tumor markers is crucial for an accurate diagnosis. Additionally, the detection of the fusion gene provides valuable insights into the oncogenic mechanism of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Nobee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Anjali Seth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Breun M, Flock K, Feldheim J, Nattmann A, Monoranu CM, Herrmann P, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Hagemann C, Stein U. Metastasis Associated in Colorectal Cancer 1 (MACC1) mRNA Expression Is Enhanced in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma and Correlates to Deafness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4089. [PMID: 37627117 PMCID: PMC10452285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are benign cranial nerve sheath tumors of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Their incidence is mostly sporadic, but they can also be associated with NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2), a hereditary tumor syndrome. Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is known to contribute to angiogenesis, cell growth, invasiveness, cell motility and metastasis of solid malignant cancers. In addition, MACC1 may be associated with nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Therefore, we evaluated whether MACC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of VS. Sporadic VS, recurrent sporadic VS, NF2-associated VS, recurrent NF2-associated VS and healthy vestibular nerves were analyzed for MACC1 mRNA and protein expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. MACC1 expression levels were correlated with the patients' clinical course and symptoms. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in sporadic VS compared to NF2-associated VS (p < 0.001). The latter expressed similar MACC1 concentrations as healthy vestibular nerves. Recurrent tumors resembled the MACC1 expression of the primary tumors. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with deafness in sporadic VS patients (p = 0.034). Therefore, MACC1 might be a new molecular marker involved in VS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breun
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Katharina Flock
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Jonas Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Nattmann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M. Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pia Herrmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Mario Löhr
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Hiruta R, Saito K, Bakhit M, Fujii M. Current progress in genomics and targeted therapies for neurofibromatosis type 2. Fukushima J Med Sci 2023; 69:95-103. [PMID: 37468280 PMCID: PMC10480513 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), a multiple neoplasia syndrome, is a manifestation of an impaired expression of the merlin protein, exerting inhibitory effects on cell proliferation signals due to abnormalities of the NF2 gene located on chromosome 22. About half of patients inherit a germline mutation from a parent, and nearly 60% of de novo NF2 patients are estimated to have somatic mosaicism. The development of technical methods to detect NF2 gene mutation, including targeted deep sequencing from multiple tissues, improved the diagnostic rate of mosaic NF2. With improved understanding of genetics and pathogenesis, the diagnostic criteria for NF2 were updated to assist in identifying and diagnosing NF2 at an earlier stage. The understanding of cell signaling pathways interacting with merlin has led to the development of molecular-targeted therapies. Currently, several translational studies are searching for possible therapeutic agents targeting VEGF or VEGF receptors. Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, is widely used in many clinical trials aiming for hearing improvement or tumor volume control. Currently, a randomized, double-masked trial to assess bevacizumab is underway. In this randomized control trial, 12 other Japanese institutions joined the principal investigators in the clinical trial originating at Fukushima Medical University. In this review, we will be discussing the latest research developments regarding NF2 pathophysiology, including molecular biology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hiruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kiyoshi Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Rosai Hospital
| | | | - Masazumi Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University
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16
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Moesslacher CS, Auernig E, Woodsmith J, Feichtner A, Jany-Luig E, Jehle S, Worseck JM, Heine CL, Stefan E, Stelzl U. Missense variant interaction scanning reveals a critical role of the FERM domain for tumor suppressor protein NF2 conformation and function. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302043. [PMID: 37280085 PMCID: PMC10244618 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NF2 (moesin-ezrin-radixin-like [MERLIN] tumor suppressor) is frequently inactivated in cancer, where its NF2 tumor suppressor functionality is tightly coupled to protein conformation. How NF2 conformation is regulated and how NF2 conformation influences tumor suppressor activity is a largely open question. Here, we systematically characterized three NF2 conformation-dependent protein interactions utilizing deep mutational scanning interaction perturbation analyses. We identified two regions in NF2 with clustered mutations which affected conformation-dependent protein interactions. NF2 variants in the F2-F3 subdomain and the α3H helix region substantially modulated NF2 conformation and homomerization. Mutations in the F2-F3 subdomain altered proliferation in three cell lines and matched patterns of disease mutations in NF2 related-schwannomatosis. This study highlights the power of systematic mutational interaction perturbation analysis to identify missense variants impacting NF2 conformation and provides insight into NF2 tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Moesslacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Auernig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan Woodsmith
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Feichtner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyne Jany-Luig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Jehle
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine M Worseck
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian L Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Ali M, Khramushin A, Yadav VK, Schueler-Furman O, Ivarsson Y. Elucidation of Short Linear Motif-Based Interactions of the FERM Domains of Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin, and Merlin. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37224425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) family of proteins and the related protein merlin participate in scaffolding and signaling events at the cell cortex. The proteins share an N-terminal FERM [band four-point-one (4.1) ERM] domain composed of three subdomains (F1, F2, and F3) with binding sites for short linear peptide motifs. By screening the FERM domains of the ERMs and merlin against a phage library that displays peptides representing the intrinsically disordered regions of the human proteome, we identified a large number of novel ligands. We determined the affinities for the ERM and merlin FERM domains interacting with 18 peptides and validated interactions with full-length proteins through pull-down experiments. The majority of the peptides contained an apparent Yx[FILV] motif; others show alternative motifs. We defined distinct binding sites for two types of similar but distinct binding motifs (YxV and FYDF) using a combination of Rosetta FlexPepDock computational peptide docking protocols and mutational analysis. We provide a detailed molecular understanding of how the two types of peptides with distinct motifs bind to different sites on the moesin FERM phosphotyrosine binding-like subdomain and uncover interdependencies between the different types of ligands. The study expands the motif-based interactomes of the ERMs and merlin and suggests that the FERM domain acts as a switchable interaction hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alisa Khramushin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Vikash K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Ghalavand MA, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Garshasbi M, Falah M. The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37217995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic condition marked by the development of multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. The most common tumors associated with NF2 are bilateral vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma. The clinical manifestations of NF2 depend on the site of involvement. Vestibular schwannoma can present with hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus, while spinal tumor leads to debilitating pain, muscle weakness, or paresthesias. Clinical diagnosis of NF2 is based on the Manchester criteria, which have been updated in the last decade. NF2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22, leading the merlin protein to malfunction. Over half of NF2 patients have de novo mutations, and half of this group are mosaic. NF2 can be managed by surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, and close observation. However, the nature of multiple tumors and the necessity of multiple surgeries over the lifetime, inoperable tumors like meningiomatosis with infiltration of the sinus or in the area of the lower cranial nerves, the complications caused by the operation, the malignancies induced by radiotherapy, and inefficiency of cytotoxic chemotherapy due to the benign nature of NF-related tumors have led a march toward exploring targeted therapies. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have allowed identifying and targeting of underlying pathways in the pathogenesis of NF2. In this review, we explain the clinicopathological characteristics of NF2, its genetic and molecular background, and the current knowledge and challenges of implementing genetics to develop efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Gerardo-Ramírez M, Giam V, Becker D, Groth M, Hartmann N, Morrison H, May-Simera HL, Radsak MP, Marquardt JU, Galle PR, Herrlich P, Straub BK, Hartmann M. Deletion of Cd44 Inhibits Metastasis Formation of Liver Cancer in Nf2-Mutant Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091257. [PMID: 37174657 PMCID: PMC10177437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway plays a critical role in restricting cell proliferation and determining cell fate during physiological and pathological processes in the liver. Merlin (Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-like protein) encoded by the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2) gene is an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Targeting of Merlin to the plasma membrane seems to be crucial for its major tumor-suppressive functions; this is facilitated by interactions with membrane-associated proteins, including CD44 (cluster of differentiation 44). Mutations within the CD44-binding domain of Merlin have been reported in many human cancers. This study evaluated the relative contribution of CD44- and Merlin-dependent processes to the development and progression of liver tumors. To this end, mice with a liver-specific deletion of the Nf2 gene were crossed with Cd44-knockout mice and subjected to extensive histological, biochemical and molecular analyses. In addition, cells were isolated from mutant livers and analyzed by in vitro assays. Deletion of Nf2 in the liver led to substantial liver enlargement and generation of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), as well as mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas. Whilst deletion of Cd44 had no influence on liver size or primary liver tumor development, it significantly inhibited metastasis formation in Nf2-mutant mice. CD44 upregulates expression of integrin β2 and promotes transendothelial migration of liver cancer cells, which may facilitate metastatic spreading. Overall, our results suggest that CD44 may be a promising target for intervening with metastatic spreading of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Giam
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helen L May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23558 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Lee J, Roh JL. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity: Implications for Ferroptosis Vulnerability and Cancer Therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103964. [PMID: 36931615 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers polarized to a mesenchymal or poorly differentiated state can often evade cell death induced by conventional therapies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is involved in lipid metabolism and increases polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in cancer cells, contributing to chemo- and radio-resistance. Altered metabolism in cancer enables invasion and metastasis but is prone to lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Cancers with mesenchymal rather than epithelial signatures are highly vulnerable to ferroptosis. Therapy-resistant persister cancer cells show a high mesenchymal cell state and dependence on the lipid peroxidase pathway, which can respond more sensitively to ferroptosis inducers. Cancer cells may survive under specific metabolic and oxidative stress conditions, and targeting this unique defense system can selectively kill only cancer cells. Therefore, this article summarizes the core regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in cancer, the relationship between ferroptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, and the implications of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Villalonga E, Mosrin C, Normand T, Girardin C, Serrano A, Žunar B, Doudeau M, Godin F, Bénédetti H, Vallée B. LIM Kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, Are Crucial Node Actors of the Cell Fate: Molecular to Pathological Features. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050805. [PMID: 36899941 PMCID: PMC10000741 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and the only two members of the LIM kinase family. They play a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling actin filaments and microtubule turnover, especially through the phosphorylation of cofilin, an actin depolymerising factor. Thus, they are involved in many biological processes, such as cell cycle, cell migration, and neuronal differentiation. Consequently, they are also part of numerous pathological mechanisms, especially in cancer, where their involvement has been reported for a few years and has led to the development of a wide range of inhibitors. LIMK1 and LIMK2 are known to be part of the Rho family GTPase signal transduction pathways, but many more partners have been discovered over the decades, and both LIMKs are suspected to be part of an extended and various range of regulation pathways. In this review, we propose to consider the different molecular mechanisms involving LIM kinases and their associated signalling pathways, and to offer a better understanding of their variety of actions within the physiology and physiopathology of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villalonga
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Christine Mosrin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Thierry Normand
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Caroline Girardin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Amandine Serrano
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Bojan Žunar
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michel Doudeau
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Fabienne Godin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Béatrice Vallée
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-38-25-76-11
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22
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Alwahsh M, Farhat J, Talhouni S, Hamadneh L, Hergenröder R. Bortezomib advanced mechanisms of action in multiple myeloma, solid and liquid tumors along with its novel therapeutic applications. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:146-168. [PMID: 36998701 PMCID: PMC10043448 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class reversible and selective proteasome inhibitor. It inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway that leads to the degradation of many intracellular proteins. Initially, BTZ was FDA approved for the treatment of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) in 2003. Later, its usage was approved for patients with previously untreated MM. In 2006, BTZ was approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and, in 2014, for previously untreated MCL. BTZ has been extensively studied either alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different liquid tumors especially in MM. However, limited data evaluated the efficacy and safety of using BTZ in patients with solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the advanced and novel mechanisms of action of BTZ documented in MM, solid tumors and liquid tumors. Moreover, we will shed the light on the newly discovered pharmacological effects of BTZ in other prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Research Center (ZMF), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Alwahsh, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan, E-mail:
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahd Talhouni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Splicing-Disrupting Mutations in Inherited Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235967. [PMID: 36497448 PMCID: PMC9739414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hereditary cancer in children was estimated to be very low until recent studies suggested that at least 10% of pediatric cancer patients carry a germline mutation in a cancer predisposition gene. A significant proportion of pathogenic variants associated with an increased risk of hereditary cancer are variants affecting splicing. RNA splicing is an essential process involved in different cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and alterations in this pathway have been implicated in many human cancers. Hereditary cancer genes are highly susceptible to splicing mutations, and among them there are several genes that may contribute to pediatric solid tumors when mutated in the germline. In this review, we have focused on the analysis of germline splicing-disrupting mutations found in pediatric solid tumors, as the discovery of pathogenic splice variants in pediatric cancer is a growing field for the development of personalized therapies. Therapies developed to correct aberrant splicing in cancer are also discussed as well as the options to improve the diagnostic yield based on the increase in the knowledge in splicing.
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24
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Kumar A, Baker NE. The CRL4 E3 ligase Mahjong/DCAF1 controls cell competition through the transcription factor Xrp1, independently of polarity genes. Development 2022; 149:dev200795. [PMID: 36278853 PMCID: PMC9845748 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell competition, the elimination of cells surrounded by more fit neighbors, is proposed to suppress tumorigenesis. Mahjong (Mahj), a ubiquitin E3 ligase substrate receptor, has been thought to mediate competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl), a neoplastic tumor suppressor that defines apical-basal polarity of epithelial cells. Here, we show that Drosophila cells mutated for mahjong, but not for lgl [l(2)gl], are competed because they express the bZip-domain transcription factor Xrp1, already known to eliminate cells heterozygous for ribosomal protein gene mutations (Rp/+ cells). Xrp1 expression in mahj mutant cells results in activation of JNK signaling, autophagosome accumulation, eIF2α phosphorylation and lower translation, just as in Rp/+ cells. Cells mutated for damage DNA binding-protein 1 (ddb1; pic) or cullin 4 (cul4), which encode E3 ligase partners of Mahj, also display Xrp1-dependent phenotypes, as does knockdown of proteasome subunits. Our data suggest a new model of mahj-mediated cell competition that is independent of apical-basal polarity and couples Xrp1 to protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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25
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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26
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A novel NF2 splicing mutant causes neurofibromatosis type 2 via liquid-liquid phase separation with large tumor suppressor and Hippo pathway. iScience 2022; 25:105275. [PMID: 36300003 PMCID: PMC9589172 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome and is usually caused by mutations in the neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor and initiates the Hippo pathway. However, the mechanism by which NF2 functions in the Hippo pathway isn’t fully understood. Here we identified a NF2 c.770-784del mutation from a neurofibromatosis type 2 family. MD simulations showed that this mutation significantly changed the structure of the F3 module of the NF2-FERM domain. Functional assays indicated that the NF2 c.770-784del variant formed LLPS in the cytoplasm with LATS to restrain LATS plasma membrane localization and inactivated the Hippo pathway. Besides, this deletion partly caused a skipping of exon 8 and reduced the protein level of NF2, collectively promoting proliferation and tumorigenesis of meningeal cells. We identified an unrecognized mechanism of LLPS and splicing skipping for the NF2-induced Hippo pathway, which provided new insight into the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis type 2. NF2 c.770-784 deletion is a novel mutation related to Neurofibromatosis type 2 NF2 variant forms LLPS in the cytoplasm with LATS and inhibits the Hippo pathway NF2 variant causes an aberrant skipping of exon 8 and reduces NF2 protein level NF2 variant promotes proliferation and tumorigenesis of meningeal cells
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27
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Collins K, Hwang M, Antic T, Paintal A, Argani P, Matoso A, Gopinath A, Baskovich B, Mehra R, Williamson SR, Idrees MT, Barletta JA, Anderson WJ, Hirsch MS, Hornick JL, Acosta AM. Merlin Immunohistochemistry Is Useful in Diagnosis of Tumors within the Spectrum of Biphasic Hyalinizing Psammomatous Renal Cell Carcinoma. Histopathology 2022; 81:577-586. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Collins
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Michael Hwang
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Tatjana Antic
- The Department of Pathology of The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Ajit Paintal
- The Department of Pathology of NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston IL USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- The Department of Pathology ofJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA
| | - Andres Matoso
- The Department of Pathology ofJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA
| | - Arun Gopinath
- The Department of Pathology of University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Brett Baskovich
- The Department of Pathology of University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- The Department of Pathology of Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | | | - Muhammad T. Idrees
- The Department of Pathology of Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - William J. Anderson
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michelle S. Hirsch
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Andres M. Acosta
- The Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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28
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Doherty J, Mandati V, González-Rodriguez MA, Troutman S, Shepard A, Harbaugh D, Brody R, Miller DC, Kareta MS, Kissil JL. Validation of BET proteins as therapeutic targets in Neurofibromatosis type 2. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac072. [PMID: 35855490 PMCID: PMC9278623 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by development of schwannomas on the VIIIth (vestibular) cranial nerves. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins regulate gene transcription and their activity is required in a variety of cancers including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The use of BET inhibitors as a therapeutic option to treat NF2 schwannomas has not been explored and is the focus of this study. Methods A panel of normal and NF2-null Schwann and schwannoma cell lines were used to characterize the impact of the BET inhibitor JQ1 in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action was explored by chromatin immunoprecipitation of the BET BRD4, phospho-kinase arrays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of BRD4 in vestibular schwannomas. Results JQ1 inhibited proliferation of NF2-null schwannoma and Schwann cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Further, loss of NF2 by CRISPR deletion or siRNA knockdown increased sensitivity of cells to JQ1. Loss of function experiments identified BRD4, and to a lesser extent BRD2, as BET family members mediating the majority of JQ1 effects. IHC demonstrated elevated levels of BRD4 protein in human vestibular schwannomas. Analysis of signaling pathways effected by JQ1 treatment suggests that the effects of JQ1 treatment are mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling. Conclusions NF2-deficient Schwann and schwannoma cells are sensitive to BET inhibition, primarily mediated by BRD4, which is overexpressed in human vestibular schwannomas. Our results suggest BRD4 regulates PI3K signaling and likely impedes NF2 schwannoma growth via this inhibition. These findings implicate BET inhibition as a therapeutic option for NF2-deficient schwannomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Doherty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Vinay Mandati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Scott Troutman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alyssa Shepard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - David Harbaugh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Kareta
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104, USA
| | - Joseph L Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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29
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Su Q, Nasser MI, He J, Deng G, Ouyang Q, Zhuang D, Deng Y, Hu H, Liu N, Li Z, Zhu P, Li G. Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865266. [PMID: 35602558 PMCID: PMC9120533 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the central nervous system, the adult peripheral nervous system possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is due to the strong plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) in peripheral nerves. After peripheral nervous injury, SCs de-differentiate and transform into repair phenotypes, and play a critical role in axonal regeneration, myelin formation, and clearance of axonal and myelin debris. In view of the limited self-repair capability of SCs for long segment defects of peripheral nerve defects, it is of great clinical value to supplement SCs in necrotic areas through gene modification or stem cell transplantation or to construct tissue-engineered nerve combined with bioactive scaffolds to repair such tissue defects. Based on the developmental lineage of SCs and the gene regulation network after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), this review summarizes the possibility of using SCs constructed by the latest gene modification technology to repair PNI. The therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve constructed by materials combined with Schwann cells resembles autologous transplantation, which is the gold standard for PNI repair. Therefore, this review generalizes the research progress of biomaterials combined with Schwann cells for PNI repair. Based on the difficulty of donor sources, this review also discusses the potential of “unlimited” provision of pluripotent stem cells capable of directing differentiation or transforming existing somatic cells into induced SCs. The summary of these concepts and therapeutic strategies makes it possible for SCs to be used more effectively in the repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Su
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhetao Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu,
| | - Ge Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Ge Li,
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Russell JO, Camargo FD. Hippo signalling in the liver: role in development, regeneration and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:297-312. [PMID: 35064256 PMCID: PMC9199961 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway has emerged as a major player in many aspects of liver biology, such as development, cell fate determination, homeostatic function and regeneration from injury. The regulation of Hippo signalling is complex, with activation of the pathway by diverse upstream inputs including signals from cellular adhesion, mechanotransduction and crosstalk with other signalling pathways. Pathological activation of the downstream transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, encoded by WWTR1), which are negatively regulated by Hippo signalling, has been implicated in multiple aspects of chronic liver disease, such as the development of liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis. Thus, development of pharmacological inhibitors of YAP-TAZ signalling has been an area of great interest. In this Review, we summarize the diverse roles of Hippo signalling in liver biology and highlight areas where outstanding questions remain to be investigated. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of Hippo signalling in liver function should help facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn O Russell
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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31
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Shields CE, Schnepp RW, Haynes KA. Differential Epigenetic Effects of BMI Inhibitor PTC-028 on Fusion-Positive Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines from Distinct Metastatic Sites. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Kim CL, Lim SB, Kim K, Jeong HS, Mo JS. Phosphorylation analysis of the Hippo-YAP pathway using Phos-tag. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Leite Rocha D, Ashton-Prolla P, Rosset C. Reviewing the occurrence of large genomic rearrangements in patients with inherited cancer predisposing syndromes: importance of a comprehensive molecular diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:319-346. [PMID: 35234551 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2049247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes are caused by germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPG). The majority of pathogenic variants in CPGs are point mutations, but large gene rearrangements (LGRs) are present in several CPGs. LGRs can be much more difficult to characterize and perhaps they may have been neglected in molecular diagnoses. AREAS COVERED We aimed to evaluate the frequencies of germline LGRs in studies conducted in different populations worldwide through a qualitative systematic review based on an online literature research in PubMed. Two reviewers independently extracted data from published studies between 2009 and 2020. In total, 126 studies from 37 countries and 5 continents were included in the analysis. The number of studies in different continents ranged from 3 to 48 and for several countries there was an absolute lack of information. Asia and Europe represented most of the studies, and LGR frequencies varied from 3.04 to 15.06% in different continents. MLPA was one of the methods of choice in most studies (93%). EXPERT OPINION The LGR frequencies found in this review reinforce the need for comprehensive molecular testing regardless of the population of origin and should be considered by genetic counseling providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Leite Rocha
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ashton-Prolla
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Prédio 43312 M, CEP: 91501-970, Caixa Postal 1505, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clévia Rosset
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP: 90035-930, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Shimada H, Kohno T, Konno T, Okada T, Saito K, Shindo Y, Kikuchi S, Tsujiwaki M, Ogawa M, Matsuura M, Saito T, Kojima T. The Roles of Tricellular Tight Junction Protein Angulin-1/Lipolysis-Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor (LSR) in Endometriosis and Endometrioid-Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6341. [PMID: 34944960 PMCID: PMC8699113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction proteins play roles beyond permeability barriers functions and control cell proliferation and differentiation. The relation between tight junctions and the signal transduction pathways affects cell growth, invasion and migration. Abnormality of tight junction proteins closely contributes to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignancy of various cancers. Angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) forms tricellular contacts that has a barrier function. Downregulation of angulin-1/LSR correlates with the malignancy in various cancers, including endometrioid-endometrial carcinoma (EEC). These alterations have been shown to link to not only multiple signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, HDAC, AMPK, but also cell metabolism in ECC cell line Sawano. Moreover, loss of angulin-1/LSR upregulates claudin-1, and loss of apoptosis stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) downregulates angulin-1/LSR. Angulin-1/LSR and ASPP2 concentrate at both midbody and centrosome in cytokinesis. In EEC tissues, angulin-1/LSR and ASPP2 are reduced and claudin-2 is overexpressed during malignancy, while in the tissues of endometriosis changes in localization of angulin-1/LSR and claudin-2 are seen. This review highlights how downregulation of angulin-1/LSR promotes development of endometriosis and EEC and discusses about the roles of angulin-1/LSR and its related proteins, including claudins and ASPP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tadahi Okada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kimihito Saito
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuma Shindo
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Marie Ogawa
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Motoki Matsuura
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Departments of Obstetrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.O.); (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
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Ishan M, Chen G, Yu W, Wang Z, Giovannini M, Cao X, Liu HX. Deletion of Nf2 in neural crest-derived tongue mesenchyme alters tongue shape and size, Hippo signalling and cell proliferation in a region- and stage-specific manner. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13144. [PMID: 34697858 PMCID: PMC8666282 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The mammalian tongue develops from the branchial arches (1–4) and comprises highly organized tissues compartmentalized by mesenchyme/connective tissue that is largely derived from neural crest (NC). This study aimed to understand the roles of tumour suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme in regulating Hippo signalling and cell proliferation for the proper development of tongue shape and size. Materials and methods Conditional knockout (cKO) of Nf2 in NC cell lineage was generated using Wnt1‐Cre (Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO). Nf2 expression, Hippo signalling activities, cell proliferation and tongue shape and size were thoroughly analysed in different tongue regions and tissue types of Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO and Cre‐/Nf2fx/fx littermates at various stages (E10.5–E18.5). Results In contrast to many other organs in which the Nf2/Hippo pathway activity restrains growth and cell proliferation and as a result, loss of Nf2 decreases Hippo pathway activity and promotes an enlarged organ development, here we report our observations of distinct, tongue region‐ and stage‐specific alterations of Hippo signalling activity and cell proliferation in Nf2cKO in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme. Compared to Cre−/Nf2fx/fx littermates, Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO depicted a non‐proportionally enlarged tongue (macroglossia) at E12.5–E13.5 and microglossia at later stages (E15.5–E18.5). Specifically, at E12.5 Nf2cKO mutants had a decreased level of Hippo signalling transcription factor Yes‐associated protein (Yap), Yap target genes and cell proliferation anteriorly, while having an increased Yap, Yap target genes and cell proliferation posteriorly, which lead to a tip‐pointed and posteriorly widened tongue. At E15.5, loss of Nf2 in the NC lineage resulted in distinct changes in cell proliferation in different regions, that is, high in epithelium and mesenchyme subjacent to the epithelium, and lower in deeper layers of the mesenchyme. At E18.5, cell proliferation was reduced throughout the Nf2cKO tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zhonghou Wang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinwei Cao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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36
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Meng F, Yu Z, Zhang D, Chen S, Guan H, Zhou R, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Liu S, Venkat Ramani MK, Yang B, Ba XQ, Zhang J, Huang J, Bai X, Qin J, Feng XH, Ouyang S, Zhang YJ, Liang T, Xu P. Induced phase separation of mutant NF2 imprisons the cGAS-STING machinery to abrogate antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4147-4164.e7. [PMID: 34453890 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Missense mutations of the tumor suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (NF2/Merlin/schwannomin) result in sporadic to frequent occurrences of tumorigenesis in multiple organs. However, the underlying pathogenicity of NF2-related tumorigenesis remains mostly unknown. Here we found that NF2 facilitated innate immunity by regulating YAP/TAZ-mediated TBK1 inhibition. Unexpectedly, patient-derived individual mutations in the FERM domain of NF2 (NF2m) converted NF2 into a potent suppressor of cGAS-STING signaling. Mechanistically, NF2m gained extreme associations with IRF3 and TBK1 and, upon innate nucleic acid sensing, was directly induced by the activated IRF3 to form cellular condensates, which contained the PP2A complex, to eliminate TBK1 activation. Accordingly, NF2m robustly suppressed STING-initiated antitumor immunity in cancer cell-autonomous and -nonautonomous murine models, and NF2m-IRF3 condensates were evident in human vestibular schwannomas. Our study reports phase separation-mediated quiescence of cGAS-STING signaling by a mutant tumor suppressor and reveals gain-of-function pathogenesis for NF2-related tumors by regulating antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HCT116 Cells
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neurofibromin 2/genetics
- Neurofibromin 2/metabolism
- Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansen Meng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Venkat Ramani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ba
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092462. [PMID: 34572111 PMCID: PMC8471828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell–cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell–cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell–cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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38
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Roehrig AE, Klupsch K, Oses-Prieto JA, Chaib S, Henderson S, Emmett W, Young LC, Surinova S, Blees A, Pfeiffer A, Tijani M, Brunk F, Hartig N, Muñoz-Alegre M, Hergovich A, Jennings BH, Burlingame AL, Rodriguez-Viciana P. Cell-cell adhesion regulates Merlin/NF2 interaction with the PAF complex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254697. [PMID: 34424918 PMCID: PMC8382200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAF complex (PAFC) coordinates transcription elongation and mRNA processing and its CDC73/parafibromin subunit functions as a tumour suppressor. The NF2/Merlin tumour suppressor functions both at the cell cortex and nucleus and is a key mediator of contact inhibition but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we have used affinity proteomics to identify novel Merlin interacting proteins and show that Merlin forms a complex with multiple proteins involved in RNA processing including the PAFC and the CHD1 chromatin remodeller. Tumour-derived inactivating mutations in both Merlin and the CDC73 PAFC subunit mutually disrupt their interaction and growth suppression by Merlin requires CDC73. Merlin interacts with the PAFC in a cell density-dependent manner and we identify a role for FAT cadherins in regulating the Merlin-PAFC interaction. Our results suggest that in addition to its function within the Hippo pathway, Merlin is part of a tumour suppressor network regulated by cell-cell adhesion which coordinates post-initiation steps of the transcription cycle of genes mediating contact inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Roehrig
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Klupsch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A. Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Selim Chaib
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Emmett
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. Young
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Surinova
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Blees
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anett Pfeiffer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maha Tijani
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Brunk
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Hartig
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alma L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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39
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Zhou Z, Chen Y, Min HS, Wan Y, Shan H, Lin Y, Xia W, Yin F, Jiang C, Yu X. Merlin functions as a critical regulator in Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:815-823. [PMID: 34378805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Merlin is known as a tumor suppressor, while its role in osteomyelitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Merlin in Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis and its underlying mechanisms. S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis mouse model was established in Merlinfl/fl Lyz2cre/+ and Merlinfl/fl Lyz2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioassays, including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, were conducted to determine the levels of target genes or proteins. Immunoprecipitation was applied to determine the interactions between proteins. DCAF1fl/fl mice were further crossed with Lyz2-Cre mice to establish myeloid cell conditional knockout mice (DCAF1fl/fl Lyz2cre/+ ). It was found that the level of Merlin was elevated in patients with osteomyelitis and S. aureus-infected BMDMs. Merlin deficiency in macrophages suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated the symptoms of osteomyelitis induced by S. aureus. Merlin deficiency in macrophages also suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines in BMDMs induced by LPS. The inhibitory effects of Merlin deficiency on the inflammatory response were associated with DDB1-Cul4-associated factor 1 (DCAF1). In summary, Merlin deficiency ameliorates S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis through the regulation of DCAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanliang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hong Sung Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbai Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Catasús N, Garcia B, Galván-Femenía I, Plana A, Negro A, Rosas I, Ros A, Amilibia E, Becerra JL, Hostalot C, Rocaribas F, Bielsa I, Lazaro Garcia C, de Cid R, Serra E, Blanco I, Castellanos E. Revisiting the UK Genetic Severity Score for NF2: a proposal for the addition of a functional genetic component. J Med Genet 2021; 59:678-686. [PMID: 34348961 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the development of multiple schwannomas, especially on vestibular nerves, and meningiomas. The UK NF2 Genetic Severity Score (GSS) is useful to predict the progression of the disease from germline NF2 pathogenic variants, which allows the clinical follow-up and the genetic counselling offered to affected families to be optimised. METHODS 52 Spanish patients were classified using the GSS, and patients' clinical severity was measured and compared between GSS groups. The GSS was reviewed with the addition of phenotype quantification, genetic variant classification and functional assays of Merlin and its downstream pathways. Principal component analysis and regression models were used to evaluate the differences between severity and the effect of NF2 germline variants. RESULTS The GSS was validated in the Spanish NF2 cohort. However, for 25% of mosaic patients and patients harbouring variants associated with mild and moderate phenotypes, it did not perform as well for predicting clinical outcomes as it did for pathogenic variants associated with severe phenotypes. We studied the possibility of modifying the mutation classification in the GSS by adding the impact of pathogenic variants on the function of Merlin in 27 cases. This revision helped to reduce variability within NF2 mutation classes and moderately enhanced the correlation between patient phenotype and the different prognosis parameters analysed (R2=0.38 vs R2=0.32, p>0001). CONCLUSIONS We validated the UK NF2 GSS in a Spanish NF2 cohort, despite the significant phenotypic variability identified within it. The revision of the GSS, named Functional Genetic Severity Score, could add value for the classification of mosaic patients and patients showing mild and moderate phenotypes once it has been validated in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Catasús
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Belen Garcia
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain.,Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Iván Galván-Femenía
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab Group, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrià Plana
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Negro
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain.,Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Inma Rosas
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain.,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ros
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain.,Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Emilio Amilibia
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Becerra
- Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hostalot
- Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Rocaribas
- Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Bielsa
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro Garcia
- Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL-CIBERONC, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab Group, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain.,Genetic Counseling Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP-PMPPC), Badalona, Spain .,Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Panizzutti B, Bortolasci CC, Spolding B, Kidnapillai S, Connor T, Richardson MF, Truong TTT, Liu ZSJ, Morris G, Gray L, Hyun Kim J, Dean OM, Berk M, Walder K. Transcriptional Modulation of the Hippo Signaling Pathway by Drugs Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7164. [PMID: 34281223 PMCID: PMC8268913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest a link between positive regulation of the Hippo pathway with bipolar disorder (BD), and the Hippo pathway is known to interact with multiple other signaling pathways previously associated with BD and other psychiatric disorders. In this study, neuronal-like NT2 cells were treated with amisulpride (10 µM), aripiprazole (0.1 µM), clozapine (10 µM), lamotrigine (50 µM), lithium (2.5 mM), quetiapine (50 µM), risperidone (0.1 µM), valproate (0.5 mM), or vehicle control for 24 h. Genome-wide mRNA expression was quantified and analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), with genes belonging to Hippo, Wnt, Notch, TGF- β, and Hedgehog retrieved from the KEGG database. Five of the eight drugs downregulated the genes of the Hippo pathway and modulated several genes involved in the interacting pathways. We speculate that the regulation of these genes, especially by aripiprazole, clozapine, and quetiapine, results in a reduction of MAPK and NFκB pro-inflammatory signaling through modulation of Hippo, Wnt, and TGF-β pathways. We also employed connectivity map analysis to identify compounds that act on these pathways in a similar manner to the known psychiatric drugs. Thirty-six compounds were identified. The presence of antidepressants and antipsychotics validates our approach and reveals possible new targets for drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Panizzutti
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara C. Bortolasci
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Briana Spolding
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Srisaiyini Kidnapillai
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Timothy Connor
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mark F. Richardson
- Genomics Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia;
| | - Trang T. T. Truong
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Zoe S. J. Liu
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Gerwyn Morris
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Gray
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, IMPACT, Geelong 3220, Australia; (B.P.); (C.C.B.); (B.S.); (S.K.); (T.C.); (T.T.T.T.); (Z.S.J.L.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (J.H.K.); (O.M.D.); (M.B.)
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Primi MC, Rangarajan ES, Patil DN, Izard T. Conformational flexibility determines the Nf2/merlin tumor suppressor functions. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100074. [PMID: 34337379 PMCID: PMC8318988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neurofibromatosis type 2 gene encodes the Nf2/merlin tumor suppressor protein that is responsible for the regulation of cell proliferation. Once activated, Nf2/merlin modulates adhesive signaling pathways and thereby inhibits cell growth. Nf2/merlin controls oncogenic gene expression by modulating the Hippo pathway. By responding to several physical and biochemical stimuli, Hippo signaling determines contact inhibition of proliferation as well as organ size. The large tumor suppressor (LATS) serine/threonine-protein kinase is the key enzyme in the highly conserved kinase cascade that negatively regulates the activity and localization of the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralogue transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Nf2/merlin belongs to the band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) gene family that links the actin cytoskeleton to adherens junctions, remodels adherens junctions during epithelial morphogenesis and maintains organized apical surfaces on the plasma cell membrane. Nf2/merlin and ERM proteins have a globular N-terminal cloverleaf head domain, the FERM domain, that binds to the plasma membrane, a central α-helical domain, and a tail domain that binds to its head domain. Here we present the high-resolution crystal structure of Nf2/merlin bound to LATS1 which shows that LATS1 binding to Nf2/merlin displaces the Nf2/merlin tail domain and causes an allosteric shift in the Nf2/merlin α-helix that extends from its FERM domain. This is consistent with the fact that full-length Nf2/merlin binds LATS1 ~10-fold weaker compared to LATS1 binding to the Nf2/merlin-PIP2 complex. Our data increase our understanding of Nf2/merlin biology by providing mechanistic insights into the Hippo pathway that are relevant to several diseases in particular oncogenic features that are associated with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Primi
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter 33458, FL, United States
| | - Erumbi S Rangarajan
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter 33458, FL, United States
| | - Dipak N Patil
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter 33458, FL, United States
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter 33458, FL, United States
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Yu Y, Tao M, Xu L, Cao L, Le B, An N, Dong J, Xu Y, Yang B, Li W, Liu B, Wu Q, Lu Y, Xie Z, Lian X. Systematic screening reveals synergistic interactions that overcome MAPK inhibitor resistance in cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0560. [PMID: 34106558 PMCID: PMC8832956 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective adjuvant therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to overcome MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) resistance, which is one of the most common forms of resistance that has emerged in many types of cancers. Here, we aimed to systematically identify the genetic interactions underlying MAPKi resistance, and to further investigate the mechanisms that produce the genetic interactions that generate synergistic MAPKi resistance. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive pair-wise sgRNA-based high-throughput screening assay to identify synergistic interactions that sensitized cancer cells to MAPKi, and validated 3 genetic combinations through competitive growth, cell viability, and spheroid formation assays. We next conducted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and conducted immunohistochemistry to determine the clinical relevance of these synergistic combinations. We also investigated the MAPKi resistance mechanisms of these validated synergistic combinations by using co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS We constructed a systematic interaction network of MAPKi resistance and identified 3 novel synergistic combinations that effectively targeted MAPKi resistance (ITGB3 + IGF1R, ITGB3 + JNK, and HDGF + LGR5). We next analyzed their clinical relevance and the mechanisms by which they sensitized cancer cells to MAPKi exposure. Specifically, we discovered a novel protein complex, HDGF-LGR5, that adaptively responded to MAPKi to enhance cancer cell stemness, which was up- or downregulated by the inhibitors of ITGB3 + JNK or ITGB3 + IGF1R. CONCLUSIONS Pair-wise sgRNA library screening provided systematic insights into elucidating MAPKi resistance in cancer cells. ITGB3- + IGF1R-targeting drugs (cilengitide + linsitinib) could be used as an effective therapy for suppressing the adaptive formation of the HDGF-LGR5 protein complex, which enhanced cancer stemness during MAPKi stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Minzhen Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Libin Xu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Baoyu Le
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na An
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jilin Dong
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoxing Yang
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Beijing Syngentech Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- The Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The 5th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Molecular features of tumor-derived genetic alterations in circulating cell-free DNA in virtue of autopsy analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8398. [PMID: 33863951 PMCID: PMC8052353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer patients, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) includes tumor-derived DNA (tDNA). cfDNA has been used clinically for non-invasive gene mutation testing. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of the genetic alterations detected in cfDNA. This study included 6 patients with primary lung cancer who died due to cancer progression. Tumors were biopsied at autopsy. Genetic alteration profiles were obtained using next generation sequencing. The features of the tDNA genetic alterations detected in cfDNA included a higher frequency of being present in multiple tumors (67% truncal mutations, 36% shared mutations, and 4% individual mutations) and a higher variant allele frequency (VAF; 47.6% versus 4.1% for tDNA alterations detected in cfDNA versus not detected in cfDNA, respectively). The data revealed that the tumor-derived genetic alterations most easily detected in cfDNA were truncal mutations with a high VAF. These results showed that essential genetic alterations enriched in cfDNA could help to characterize cancer cells and that genetic testing using cfDNA has advantages in the detection of fundamental regulatory aberrations occurring during tumorigenesis.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the genetics and epigenetics of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in relation to hearing loss. A multistep and sequential genetic algorithm suitable for the identification of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) constitutional and somatic mutations is discussed. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION A review was performed of the English literature from 1990 to 2019 using PubMed regarding genetics and epigenetics of vestibular schwannoma and NF2. CONCLUSION NF2 is a genetic disorder characterized by NF2 mutations that affect the function of a tumor suppressor called merlin. In particular, individuals with NF2 develop bilateral VS that can lead to hearing loss and even deafness. Recent advances in genetic and epigenetic studies have improved our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships that affect hearing in NF2 patients. Specific constitutional NF2 mutations including particular truncating, deletion, and missense mutations have been associated with poorer hearing outcomes and more severe clinical manifestations. Epigenetic events, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, also contribute to the development and progression of hearing loss in NF2 patients. Furthermore, the accumulation of multiple NF2 and non-NF2 genetic and epigenetic abnormalities at the level of the tumor may contribute to worse hearing outcomes. Understanding genetic and epigenetic signatures in individual NF2 patients and particularly in each VS will allow us to develop novel gene therapies and precision medicine algorithms to preserve hearing in NF2 individuals.
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de Paula A, Abdolrahimzadeh S, Fragiotta S, Di Pippo M, Scuderi G. Current concepts on ocular vascular abnormalities in the phakomatoses. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:549-560. [PMID: 33755531 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis, Von Hippel Lindau disease, and tuberous sclerosis complex are classified under the term phakomatoses. They are characterized by ocular vascular abnormalities such as vascular tortuosity, corkscrew retinal vessel configuration, moyamoya-like aspect, microaneurysms, hemangioblastomas, and focal sheathing of retinal arteries, possibly due to abnormal formation, migration, and differentiation of neural crest cells. These alterations can be the first sign or the hallmark of disease and can be related to vasoproliferative tumors. PURPOSE Novel imaging technologies in ophthalmology, such as near-infrared reflectances and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, have improved our knowledge in the diagnosis of these pathologies. Previously undetected macular vascular alterations have been reported in phakomatoses using optical coherence tomography angiography. This review will summarize the ophthalmic vascular abnormalities and novel imaging methods in the phakomatoses. CONCLUSION Active research is being led into the ophthalmic management of these conditions and their complications, and owing to elevated vascular endothelial growth factor production from hemangioblastoma, hamartoma, and retinal vascular proliferative tumors, increasing interest in this line of therapy has been conducted although research is still ongoing in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Paula
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fragiotta
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Di Pippo
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- NESMOS Department, Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Zhang F, Liu B, Gao Y, Long J, Zhou H. The crystal structure of the FERM and C-terminal domain complex of Drosophila Merlin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:92-98. [PMID: 33765559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NF2/Merlin is an upstream regulator of hippo pathway, and it has two states: an auto-inhibited "closed" state and an active "open" form. Previous studies showed that Drosophila Merlin adopts a more closed conformation. However, the molecular mechanism of conformational regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we first confirmed the strong interaction between FERM and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Merlin, and then determined the crystal structure of the FERM/CTD complex, which reveals the structural basis of Merlin adopting a more closed conformation compared to its human cognate NF2. Interestingly, we found that the conserved lipid-binding site of Merlin might be masked by a linker. Confocal analyses confirmed that all putative lipid-binding site are very important for the membranal location of Merlin. More, we found that the phosphomimic Thr616Asp mutation weakens the interaction between FERM and CTD of Merlin. Collectively, the crystal structure of the FERM/CTD complex not only provides a mechanistic explanation of functionally dormant conformation of Merlin may also serve as a foundation for revealing the mechanism of conformational regulation of Merlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiafu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Patel H, Ashton NJ, Dobson RJB, Andersson LM, Yilmaz A, Blennow K, Gisslen M, Zetterberg H. Proteomic blood profiling in mild, severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6357. [PMID: 33737684 PMCID: PMC7973581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic manifests itself as a mild respiratory tract infection in most individuals, leading to COVID-19 disease. However, in some infected individuals, this can progress to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), leading to multi-organ failure and death. This study explores the proteomic differences between mild, severe, and critical COVID-19 positive patients to further understand the disease progression, identify proteins associated with disease severity, and identify potential therapeutic targets. Blood protein profiling was performed on 59 COVID-19 mild (n = 26), severe (n = 9) or critical (n = 24) cases and 28 controls using the OLINK inflammation, autoimmune, cardiovascular and neurology panels. Differential expression analysis was performed within and between disease groups to generate nine different analyses. From the 368 proteins measured per individual, more than 75% were observed to be significantly perturbed in COVID-19 cases. Six proteins (IL6, CKAP4, Gal-9, IL-1ra, LILRB4 and PD-L1) were identified to be associated with disease severity. The results have been made readily available through an interactive web-based application for instant data exploration and visualization, and can be accessed at https://phidatalab-shiny.rosalind.kcl.ac.uk/COVID19/ . Our results demonstrate that dynamic changes in blood proteins associated with disease severity can potentially be used as early biomarkers to monitor disease severity in COVID-19 and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamel Patel
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the SAHLGRENSKA Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, MedTech West, Röda stråket 10B, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Lars-Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aylin Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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Otsu K, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ikezaki S, Ema M, Hitomi J, Ohshima H, Harada H. Oxygen regulates epithelial stem cell proliferation via RhoA-actomyosin-YAP/TAZ signal in mouse incisor. Development 2021; 148:dev.194787. [PMID: 33472844 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are maintained in specific niches that strictly regulate their proliferation and differentiation for proper tissue regeneration and renewal. Molecular oxygen (O2) is an important component of the niche microenvironment, but little is known about how O2 governs epithelial stem cell (ESC) behavior. Here, we demonstrate that O2 plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation of ESCs using the continuously growing mouse incisors. We have revealed that slow-cycling cells in the niche are maintained under relatively hypoxic conditions compared with actively proliferating cells, based on the blood vessel distribution and metabolic status. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that, during hypoxia, HIF1α upregulation activates the RhoA signal, thereby promoting cortical actomyosin and stabilizing the adherens junction complex, including merlin. This leads to the cytoplasmic retention of YAP/TAZ to attenuate cell proliferation. These results shed light on the biological significance of blood-vessel geometry and the signaling mechanism through microenvironmental O2 to orchestrate ESC behavior, providing a novel molecular basis for the microenvironmental O2-mediated stem cell regulation during tissue development and renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shojiro Ikezaki
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Division of Human Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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Mota M, Metge BJ, Hinshaw DC, Alsheikh HA, Chen D, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Merlin deficiency alters the redox management program in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:942-956. [PMID: 33410252 PMCID: PMC8024723 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Merlin tumor suppressor protein encoded by Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene is remarkably decreased in metastatic breast cancer tissues. In order to recapitulate clinical evidence, we generated a unique, conditional Nf2‐knockout (Nf2−/−) mouse mammary tumor model. Merlin‐deficient breast tumor cells and Nf2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed a robustly invasive phenotype. Moreover, Nf2−/− MEFs presented with notable alterations in redox management networks, implicating a role for Merlin in redox homeostasis. This programmatic alteration resonated with pathways that emerged from breast tumor cells engineered for Merlin deficiency. Further investigations revealed that NF2‐silenced cells supported reduced activity of the Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 antioxidant transcription factor, concomitant with elevated expression of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Importantly, mammary‐specific Nf2−/− in an Mouse mammary tumor virus Neu + murine breast cancer model demonstrated accelerated mammary carcinogenesis in vivo. Tumor‐derived primary organoids and cell lines were characteristically invasive with evidence of a dysregulated cellular redox management system. As such, Merlin deficiency programmatically influences redox imbalance that orchestrates malignant attributes of mammary/breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Heba A Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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