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Zhang Y, Zhang R, Song Z, Fu W, Yun L, Gao J, Hu G, Wang Z, Wu H, Zhang G, Wu J. Iris lactea var. chinensis plant drought tolerance depends on the response of proline metabolism, transcription factors, transporters and the ROS-scavenging system. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 36617566 PMCID: PMC9827652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iris lactea var. chinensis, a perennial herbaceous species, is widely distributed and has good drought tolerance traits. However, there is little information in public databases concerning this herb, so it is difficult to understand the mechanism underlying its drought tolerance. RESULTS In this study, we used Illumina sequencing technology to conduct an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of I. lactea var. chinensis plants under water-stressed conditions and rehydration to explore the potential mechanisms involved in plant drought tolerance. The resulting de novo assembled transcriptome revealed 126,979 unigenes, of which 44,247 were successfully annotated. Among these, 1187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from a comparison of the water-stressed treatment and the control (CK) treatment (T/CK); there were 481 upregulated genes and 706 downregulated genes. Additionally, 275 DEGs were identified in the comparison of the rehydration treatment and the water-stressed treatment (R/T). Based on Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, the expression levels of eight randomly selected unigenes were consistent with the transcriptomic data under water-stressed and rehydration treatment, as well as in the CK. According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, proline metabolism-related DEGs, including those involved in the 'proline catabolic process', the 'proline metabolic process', and 'arginine and proline metabolism', may play important roles in plant drought tolerance. Additionally, these DEGs encoded 43 transcription factors (TFs), 46 transporters, and 22 reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system-related proteins. Biochemical analysis and histochemical detection showed that proline and ROS were accumulated under water-stressed conditions, which is consistent with the result of the transcriptomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our transcriptomic data revealed that the drought tolerance of I. lactea var. chinensis depends on proline metabolism, the action of TFs and transporters, and a strong ROS-scavenging system. The related genes found in this study could help us understand the mechanisms underlying the drought tolerance of I. lactea var. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ruihai Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weidong Fu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lingling Yun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hanwen Wu
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650 Australia
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Ma WF, Li YB, Nai GJ, Liang GP, Ma ZH, Chen BH, Mao J. Changes and response mechanism of sugar and organic acids in fruits under water deficit stress. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13691. [PMID: 36039369 PMCID: PMC9419716 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The content and the ratio of soluble sugars and organic acids in fruits are significant indicators for fruit quality. They are affected by multiple environmental factors, in which water-deficient is the most concern. Previous studies found that the content of soluble sugars and organic acids in fruit displayed great differences under varied water stress. It is important to clarify the mechanism of such difference and to provide researchers with systematic knowledge about the response to drought stress and the mechanism of sugar and acid changes in fruits, so that they can better carry out the study of fruit quality under drought stress. Therefore, the researchers studied dozens of research articles about the content of soluble sugar and organic acid, the activity of related metabolic enzymes, and the expression of related metabolic genes in fruits under water stress, and the stress response of plants to water stress. We found that after plants perceived and transmitted the signal of water deficit, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of soluble sugars and organic acids changed. It was then affected the synthesis of metabolic enzymes and changed their metabolic rate, ultimately leading to changes in soluble sugar and organic acid content. Based on the literature review, we described the pathway diagrams of sugar metabolism, organic acid metabolism, mainly malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid metabolism, and of the response to drought stress. From many aspects including plants' perception of water stress signal, signal conversion and transmission, induced gene expression, the changes in soluble sugar and the enzyme activities of organic acids, as well as the final sugar and acid content in fruits, this thesis summarized previous studies on the influence of water stress on soluble sugars and the metabolism of organic acids in fruits.
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Parrilla J, Medici A, Gaillard C, Verbeke J, Gibon Y, Rolin D, Laloi M, Finkelstein RR, Atanassova R. Grape ASR Regulates Glucose Transport, Metabolism and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116194. [PMID: 35682874 PMCID: PMC9181829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To decipher the mediator role of the grape Abscisic acid, Stress, Ripening (ASR) protein, VvMSA, in the pathways of glucose signaling through the regulation of its target, the promoter of hexose transporter VvHT1, we overexpressed and repressed VvMSA in embryogenic and non-embryogenic grapevine cells. The embryogenic cells with organized cell proliferation were chosen as an appropriate model for high sensitivity to the glucose signal, due to their very low intracellular glucose content and low glycolysis flux. In contrast, the non-embryogenic cells displaying anarchic cell proliferation, supported by high glycolysis flux and a partial switch to fermentation, appeared particularly sensitive to inhibitors of glucose metabolism. By using different glucose analogs to discriminate between distinct pathways of glucose signal transduction, we revealed VvMSA positioning as a transcriptional regulator of the glucose transporter gene VvHT1 in glycolysis-dependent glucose signaling. The effects of both the overexpression and repression of VvMSA on glucose transport and metabolism via glycolysis were analyzed, and the results demonstrated its role as a mediator in the interplay of glucose metabolism, transport and signaling. The overexpression of VvMSA in the Arabidopsis mutant abi8 provided evidence for its partial functional complementation by improving glucose absorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parrilla
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Medici
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), UMR CNRS/INRAE/Institut Agro/Université de Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gaillard
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Jérémy Verbeke
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- GReD-UMR CNRS 6293/INSERM U1103, CRBC, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP), INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Bordeaux, France; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Dominique Rolin
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie (BFP), INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Bordeaux, France; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Maryse Laloi
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruth R. Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- UMR CNRS 7267 Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Équipe Sucres & Echanges Végétaux Environnement, Université de Poitiers, 3 Rue Jacques Fort, 86073 Poitiers, France; (J.P.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (J.V.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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De Rosa V, Falchi R, Moret E, Vizzotto G. Insight into Carbohydrate Metabolism and Signaling in Grapevine Buds during Dormancy Progression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1027. [PMID: 35448755 PMCID: PMC9028844 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perennial fruit crops enter dormancy to ensure bud tissue survival during winter. However, a faster phenological advancement caused by global warming exposes bud tissue to a higher risk of spring frost damage. Tissue dehydration and soluble sugars accumulation are connected to freezing tolerance, but non-structural carbohydrates also act as metabolic substrates and signaling molecules. A deepened understanding of sugar metabolism in the context of winter freezing resistance is required to gain insight into adaptive possibilities to cope with climate changes. In this study, the soluble sugar content was measured in a cold-tolerant grapevine hybrid throughout the winter season. Moreover, the expression of drought-responsive hexose transporters VvHT1 and VvHT5, raffinose synthase VvRS and grapevine ABA-, Stress- and Ripening protein VvMSA was analyzed. The general increase in sugars in December and January suggests that they can participate in protecting bud tissues against low temperatures. The modulation of VvHT5, VvINV and VvRS appeared consistent with the availability of the different sugar species; challenging results were obtained for VvHT1 and VvMSA, suggesting interesting hypotheses about their role in the sugar-hormone crosstalk. The multifaceted role of sugars on the intricate phenomenon, which is the response of dormant buds to changing temperature, is discussed.
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Stanfield RC, Bartlett MK. Coordination Between Phloem Loading and Structure Maintains Carbon Transport Under Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:787837. [PMID: 35251074 PMCID: PMC8891486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.787837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining phloem transport under water stress is expected to be crucial to whole-plant drought tolerance, but the traits that benefit phloem function under drought are poorly understood. Nearly half of surveyed angiosperm species, including important crops, use sucrose transporter proteins to actively load sugar into the phloem. Plants can alter transporter abundance in response to stress, providing a potential mechanism for active-loading species to closely regulate phloem loading rates to avoid drought-induced reductions or failures in phloem transport. We developed an integrated xylem-phloem-stomatal model to test this hypothesis by quantifying the joint impacts of transporter kinetics, phloem anatomy, and plant water status on sucrose export to sinks. We parameterized the model with phloem hydraulic resistances and sucrose transporter kinetic parameters compiled from the literature, and simulated loading regulation by allowing loading rates to decline exponentially with phloem pressure to prevent excessive sucrose concentrations from inducing viscosity limitations. In the absence of loading regulation, where loading rates were independent of phloem pressure, most resistance values produced unrealistic phloem pressures owing to viscosity effects, even under well-watered conditions. Conversely, pressure-regulated loading helped to control viscosity buildup and improved export to sinks for both lower and higher resistant phloem pathways, while maintaining realistic phloem pressures. Regulation also allowed for rapid loading and export in wet conditions while maintaining export and viable phloem pressures during drought. Therefore, we expect feedbacks between phloem pressure and loading to be critical to carbon transport in active-loading species, especially under drought, and for transporter kinetics to be strongly coordinated with phloem architecture and plant water status. This work provides an important and underexplored physiological framework to understand the ecophysiology of phloem transport under drought and to enhance the genetic engineering of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Stanfield
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Grape ASR-Silencing Sways Nuclear Proteome, Histone Marks and Interplay of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031537. [PMID: 35163458 PMCID: PMC8835812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to unravel the functions of ASR (Abscisic acid, Stress, Ripening-induced) proteins in the nucleus, we created a new model of genetically transformed grape embryogenic cells by RNAi-knockdown of grape ASR (VvMSA). Nuclear proteomes of wild-type and VvMSA-RNAi grape cell lines were analyzed by quantitative isobaric tagging (iTRAQ 8-plex). The most significantly up- or down-regulated nuclear proteins were involved in epigenetic regulation, DNA replication/repair, transcription, mRNA splicing/stability/editing, rRNA processing/biogenesis, metabolism, cell division/differentiation and stress responses. The spectacular up-regulation in VvMSA-silenced cells was that of the stress response protein VvLEA D-29 (Late Embryogenesis Abundant). Both VvMSA and VvLEA D-29 genes displayed strong and contrasted responsiveness to auxin depletion, repression of VvMSA and induction of VvLEA D-29. In silico analysis of VvMSA and VvLEA D-29 proteins highlighted their intrinsically disordered nature and possible compensatory relationship. Semi-quantitative evaluation by medium-throughput immunoblotting of eighteen post-translational modifications of histones H3 and H4 in VvMSA-knockdown cells showed significant enrichment/depletion of the histone marks H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9me1, H3K9me2, H3K36me2, H3K36me3 and H4K16ac. We demonstrate that grape ASR repression differentially affects members of complex nucleoprotein structures and may not only act as molecular chaperone/transcription factor, but also participates in plant responses to developmental and environmental cues through epigenetic mechanisms.
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7
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Han FX, Dun BQ, Zhang J, Wang Z, Sui Y, Zhu L, Li GY. Cloning and functional analysis of soluble acid invertase 2 gene (SbSAI-2) in sorghum. PLANTA 2021; 255:13. [PMID: 34862923 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sorghum soluble acid invertase gene SbSAI-2 was cloned and the function verified in Pichia pastoris and rice, showing the SbSAI-2 affects composition and content of sugar in stem juice. Sugar metabolism is one of the most important metabolic processes in plants, in which soluble acid invertase plays a key role. However, the structure and function of the soluble acid transferase gene in sorghum are still fully unclear. In this study, SbSAI-2 was cloned from the sorghum variety BTx623, and two transcripts were found through sequence analysis, with only one transcript translated into an active protein. There is 72% homology between SbSAI-2 and OsVIN2. The construction of Osvin2 mutant lines and SbSAI-2-1 overexpression lines in Oryza sativa L. japonica. cv. Nipponbare were produced to clarify the invertase functionality. While the invertase activity in the stem of the Osvin2 mutant line was reduced, with no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the contents of fructose and glucose in stem tissue did not change significantly (P > 0.05), and the content of sucrose increased by 38.89% (P < 0.01). In SbSAI-2-1 overexpression lines, the invertase activity in stem was increased by more than 20 times (P < 0.01). The contents of glucose and fructose in stem tissues were increased by two and three times, respectively (P < 0.01), while the content of sucrose was significantly decreased, which was below the detection limit (P < 0.01). This study indicated that SbSAI-2 is a key enzyme related to sucrose metabolism and affects the composition and content of sugar in stems. The result provided further the gene function verification and laid a foundation for the development of molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Xia Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bao-Qing Dun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Gui-Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Azri W, Jardak R, Cosette P, Guillou C, Riahi J, Mliki A. Physiological and proteomic analyses of Tunisian local grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Razegui in response to drought stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:25-39. [PMID: 34794542 DOI: 10.1071/fp21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental constraints threatening viticulture worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) drought stress tolerance useful to select new species with higher tolerance/resilience potentials. Drought-tolerant Tunisian local grapevine cultivar Razegui was exposed to water deficit for 16days. Subsequent proteomic analysis revealed 49 differentially accumulated proteins in leaves harvested on the drought-stressed vines. These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, stress defence, energy and carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis/turnover and amino acid metabolism. Physiological analysis revealed that reduction of photosynthesis under drought stress was attributed to the downregulation of the light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle and key enzymes of the photorespiration pathway. The accumulation of proteins involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism indicate enhanced need of energy during active stress acclimation. Accumulation of protein amino acids seems to play a protective role under drought stress due to their osmoprotectant and ROS scavenging potential. Reduced protein synthesis and turnover help plants preserving energy to fight drought stress. Proteins related to stress defence might scavenge ROS and transmit the ROS signal as an oxidative signal transducer in drought-stress signalling. All of these original results represent valuable information towards improving drought tolerance of grapevine and promoting sustainable viticulture under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Azri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Jardak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Laboratory of Polymers Biopolymers Surfaces, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; and Proteomic Platform PISSARO, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aigan, France
| | - Clément Guillou
- Laboratory of Polymers Biopolymers Surfaces, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; and Proteomic Platform PISSARO, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aigan, France
| | - Jawaher Riahi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, P.O. Box 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Precipitation before Flowering Determined Effectiveness of Leaf Removal Timing and Irrigation on Wine Composition of Merlot Grapevine. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091865. [PMID: 34579398 PMCID: PMC8466863 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine productivity, and berry and wine flavonoid concentration, depend on the interactions of cultivar, environment, and applied cultural practices. We characterized the effects that mechanical leaf removal and irrigation treatments had on the flavonoid concentration of ‘Merlot’ (Vitis vinifera, L.) grape berries and wines in a hot climate over two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. Leaves were removed by machine, either at prebloom (PBLR), or at post-fruit-set (PFLR), or not removed (control) and irrigation was either applied as sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) at 0.8 of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) from budbreak to fruit set, or regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) at 0.8 ETc from bud break to fruit set, 0.5 ETc from fruit set to veraison, and 0.8 ETc from veraison to harvest, of ETc In 2014, PFLR reduced the leaf area index (LAI) compared to control. The RDI decreased season-long leaf water potential (ΨInt) compared to SDI. However, in 2015, none of the treatments affected LAI or ΨInt. In 2014, berry flavonoid concentrations were reduced by PBLR as well as SDI. SDI increased the flavonoid concentrations in wine, and PFLR increased some wine flavonols in one season. No factor affected the concentrations of wine proanthocyanidins or mean degree of polymerization. Thus, mechanical PFLR and RDI may increase berry flavonoid accumulation without yield reduction, in red wine grapes cultivars grown in hot climates when precipitation after bud break is lacking. However, spring precipitation may influence the effectiveness of these practices as evidenced by this work in a changing climate.
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Dayer S, Murcia G, Prieto JA, Durán M, Martínez L, Píccoli P, Perez Peña J. Non-structural carbohydrates and sugar export in grapevine leaves exposed to different light regimes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:728-738. [PMID: 33159334 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light is a main environmental factor that determines leaf microclimate within the vine, as well as its photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed to examine the relationships between photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the expression of related genes in leaves of grapevine grown under different radiation regimes. During the 2014/2015 growing season, an experiment was conducted on a Malbec vineyard (Vitis vinifera L.) in which four radiation exposure treatments were established on the leaves: (1) East, (2) West, (3) Sun, and (4) Shade (i.e., reduction in light intensity). Diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis and non-structural carbohydrates were measured and leaf export rates were calculated. Transcript profiles of leaf sugar transporters (VvHT1, VvHT3, VvSUC27), a sucrose phosphate synthase enzyme (VvSPS), and invertases (VvGIN1, VvCWI) were also examined. We showed that East and Sun leaves had higher daily photosynthetic and export rates than West leaves, which was mainly explained by the environmental conditions (air and leaf temperature, VPDleaf-air ) and leaf water status. Shade leaves accumulated less starch and soluble sugars than exposed leaves, which correlated with a higher expression of hexose transporters and invertases. The hypotheses that these sugars in Shade leaves would play a role as signaling molecules and/or have increased sink strength and phloem unloading are discussed. These results allow us to understand the physiological and molecular behavior of leaves exposed to different radiation regimes, which can be used to design appropriate vineyard management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- Ecofisiologia de la vid, INTA EEA Mendoza, Luján de Cuyo, Argentina
- Ecophysiologie et Genomique Fonctionelle de la Vigne (EGFV), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Germán Murcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Prieto
- Ecofisiologia de la vid, INTA EEA Mendoza, Luján de Cuyo, Argentina
| | - Martin Durán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Liliana Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia Píccoli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Perez Peña
- Ecofisiologia de la vid, INTA EEA Mendoza, Luján de Cuyo, Argentina
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Torres N, Yu R, Martínez-Lüscher J, Kostaki E, Kurtural SK. Application of Fractions of Crop Evapotranspiration Affects Carbon Partitioning of Grapevine Differentially in a Hot Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633600. [PMID: 33692817 PMCID: PMC7938324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Majority of viticulture regions are located in mid-latitudes characterized by weather variability and stressful environments relying on irrigation for mitigating environmental stress during the growing season and to ensure a profitable yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) to different applied water amounts based on the replacement of fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments based on the weekly replacement of 25, 50, and 100% of ETc. Grapevine stem water potential decreased during the growing season reaching its lowest value (-1.5 and -1.2 MPa, respectively) at harvest in the more stressed vines (25 and 50% ETc). Leaf gas exchange variables were measured during the two seasons and 100% ETc had the highest rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and better instantaneous water use efficiency, also resulting in higher leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Mineral nutrient content for nitrogen and potassium increased linearly with the increase in applied water. At harvest, no differences were observed in the number of clusters per vine; however, the 25% ETc had the lowest berry size and yield per vine with no difference in sugar content of berry. Conversely, sugar allocation to reserve organs was highly affected by applied water leading to different shoot to root biomass partitioning, where shoot:root ratio, leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and photosynthetic pigments increased with greater applied water. Likewise sucrose:N ratio and root non-structural carbohydrates decreased with the lower applied water. Altogether, carbon allocation between the source and sink organs likely controlled the response of grapevines to water deficits in a hot climate, and replacing 50% ETc was sufficient to sustain the grapevine performance given the enhancement of sugar transport, which could slow down the detrimental effect of water deficits on yield.
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12
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Ghouili E, Sassi K, Jebara M, Hidri Y, Ouertani RN, Muhovski Y, Jebara SH, El Ayed M, Abdelkarim S, Chaieb O, Jallouli S, Kalleli F, M’hamdi M, Souissi F, Abid G. Physiological responses and expression of sugar associated genes in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) exposed to osmotic stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:135-150. [PMID: 33627968 PMCID: PMC7873190 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the major food legume crop in Tunisia. However, its growth and yield is strongly affected by water-limited environments. In this study, osmotic stress exhibited a negative effect on Bachar and Badii cultivar. Nevertheless, the deteriorating effects of osmotic stress were relatively low on studied parameters of Bachar due to its better efficiency to reduce oxidative damage by increasing enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Chlt), soluble sugars and leaf relative water content (RWC). GC-MS analysis determined a total of 11 soluble carbohydrates induced by osmotic stress and differentially accumulated in the both cultivars. Bachar showed elevated levels of mannose, glucose, galactose, ribose, rhamnose and myo-inositol which might help to maintain osmotic adjustment, membranes and proteins protection from the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species. Sugar metabolism related genes (VfNINV3, VfPHS2, VfFRK4, VfHXK1, VfGPI1, VfSTP1.1, VfpGlcT1.1, VfSTP5.1, VfpGlcT1.2, VfSWEET2.1, VfVINV2, VfSUS1, VfPGM1, VfSUT1.1, VfGPT1, VfSPS1, VfSPP1, VfPHS1, VfSUT4.1 and VfTMT1.1) were differentially expressed in both cultivars demonstrating their important roles in sugar accumulation. Most of these genes were upregulated in the leaves of Bachar under moderate and severe stress, which could lead to increase glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in order to accelerate energy production, necessary to increase osmotic regulation and consequently enhancing the osmotic stress tolerance in that cultivar. Overall, sugars accumulation ability can be used as a useful indicator for the osmotic stress tolerant potential in faba bean breeding programs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ghouili
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Sassi
- Laboratory of Agronomy, National Agronomy Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Avenue Charles Nicolle, BP 43, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Hidri
- Laboratory of Integrated Olive Production, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Rim Nefissi Ouertani
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Department of Life Sciences, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Chaussée de Charleroi, BP 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Salwa Harzalli Jebara
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Ayed
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Chaieb
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kalleli
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Vegetable Crops, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud M’hamdi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Vegetable Crops, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Souissi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Abid
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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13
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Lecourieux D, Kappel C, Claverol S, Pieri P, Feil R, Lunn JE, Bonneu M, Wang L, Gomès E, Delrot S, Lecourieux F. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling underlines the stage- and time-dependent effects of high temperature on grape berry metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1132-1158. [PMID: 31829525 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency, intensity, and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide. Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on berry growth and composition, it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production. Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings, we investigated the effects of high temperature (HT) on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study. Among the 2,279 proteins identified, 592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT. The gene ontology categories "stress," "protein," "secondary metabolism," and "cell wall" were predominantly altered under HT. High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment. Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries, highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress. Furthermore, this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening. Finally, we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Kappel
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Proteome Platform, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Center, Bordeaux University, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Pieri
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Proteome Platform, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Center, Bordeaux University, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Eric Gomès
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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14
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Ren R, Yue X, Li J, Xie S, Guo S, Zhang Z. Coexpression of Sucrose Synthase and the SWEET Transporter, Which Are Associated With Sugar Hydrolysis and Transport, Respectively, Increases the Hexose Content in Vitis vinifera L. Grape Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32457764 PMCID: PMC7221319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of grape berries is affected by many factors. To explore the hexose content in different cultivars, the photosynthesis, vegetative, and reproductive biomass, as well as the enzyme activities and expression levels of genes related to sugar metabolism and sugar contents were measured. Samples were collected 70-110 days after anthesis (DAA), from Riesling (RI), Petit Manseng (PM), and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) berries cultivated in the field. The results indicated that high expression levels of VvSWEET15 and VvSS3 and a high activity of sucrose synthase (SS) are associated with a higher hexose content in the berries of PM than in the berries of the other two cultivars. These genes promoted hexose accumulation in the berries by regulating sugar hydrolysis and transport. The results of this study indicate that active sugar hydrolysis and transport increase the hexose content of PM berries, which provides insights for grape berry quality improvement and breeding projects in wine production. Main Conclusion: The active VvSS3, sucrose synthase (SS), and VvSWEET15 increases the hexose content in Petit Manseng berries, which are associated with sugar hydrolysis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junnan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuihuan Guo
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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15
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Vishwakarma K, Mishra M, Patil G, Mulkey S, Ramawat N, Pratap Singh V, Deshmukh R, Kumar Tripathi D, Nguyen HT, Sharma S. Avenues of the membrane transport system in adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:861-883. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1616669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Steven Mulkey
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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16
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Khadka VS, Vaughn K, Xie J, Swaminathan P, Ma Q, Cramer GR, Fennell AY. Transcriptomic response is more sensitive to water deficit in shoots than roots of Vitis riparia (Michx.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30760212 PMCID: PMC6375209 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is an important constraint on grapevine sustainability. Vitis riparia, widely used in rootstock and scion breeding, has been studied in isolated leaf drying response studies; however, it is essential to identify key root and shoot water deficit signaling traits in intact plants. This information will aid improved scion and rootstock selection and management practices in grapevine. RNAseq data were generated from V. riparia roots and shoots under water deficit and well-watered conditions to determine root signaling and shoot responses to water deficit. RESULTS Shoot elongation, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in water deficit (WD) treated than in well-watered grapevines. RNAseq analysis indicated greater transcriptional differences in shoots than in roots under WD, with 6925 and 1395 genes differentially expressed, respectively (q-value < 0.05). There were 50 and 25 VitisNet pathways significantly enriched in WD relative to well-watered treatments in grapevine shoots and roots, respectively. The ABA biosynthesis genes beta-carotene hydroxylase, zeaxanthin epoxidase, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases were up-regulated in WD root and WD shoot. A positive enrichment of ABA biosynthesis genes and signaling pathways in WD grapevine roots indicated enhanced root signaling to the shoot. An increased frequency of differentially expressed reactive oxygen species scavenging (ROS) genes were found in the WD shoot. Analyses of hormone signaling genes indicated a strong ABA, auxin, and ethylene network and an ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm network in both WD shoot and WD root. CONCLUSIONS This work supports previous findings in detached leaf studies suggesting ABA-responsive binding factor 2 (ABF2) is a central regulator in ABA signaling in the WD shoot. Likewise, ABF2 may have a key role in V. riparia WD shoot and WD root. A role for ABF3 was indicated only in WD root. WD shoot and WD root hormone expression analysis identified strong ABA, auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling networks. These results present the first ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling network in roots under water deficit. These networks point to organ specific regulators that should be explored to further define the communication network from soil to shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedbar Singh Khadka
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- JABSOM Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Kimberley Vaughn
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Juan Xie
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Padmapriya Swaminathan
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Qin Ma
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
| | - Anne Y. Fennell
- McFadden BioStress Laboratory, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
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17
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Chitarra W, Cuozzo D, Ferrandino A, Secchi F, Palmano S, Perrone I, Boccacci P, Pagliarani C, Gribaudo I, Mannini F, Gambino G. Dissecting interplays between Vitis vinifera L. and grapevine virus B (GVB) under field conditions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2651-2666. [PMID: 30055094 PMCID: PMC6638183 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus infections are often difficult to characterize as they result from a complex molecular and physiological interplay between a pathogen and its host. In this study, the impact of the phloem-limited grapevine virus B (GVB) on the Vitis vinifera L. wine-red cultivar Albarossa was analysed under field conditions. Trials were carried out over two growing seasons by combining agronomic, molecular, biochemical and ecophysiological approaches. The data showed that GVB did not induce macroscopic symptoms on 'Albarossa', but affected the ecophysiological performances of vines in terms of assimilation rates, particularly at the end of the season, without compromising yield and vigour. In GVB-infected plants, the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the leaves and transcriptional changes in sugar- and photosynthetic-related genes seemed to trigger defence responses similar to those observed in plants infected by phytoplasmas, although to a lesser extent. In addition, GVB activated berry secondary metabolism. In particular, total anthocyanins and their acetylated forms accumulated at higher levels in GVB-infected than in GVB-free berries, consistent with the expression profiles of the related biosynthetic genes. These results contribute to improve our understanding of the multifaceted grapevine-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA‐VE)Via XVIII Aprile 26Conegliano31015Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Francesca Secchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
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18
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Yıldırım K, Yağcı A, Sucu S, Tunç S. Responses of grapevine rootstocks to drought through altered root system architecture and root transcriptomic regulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:256-268. [PMID: 29627732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the major interface between the plant and various stress factors in the soil environment. Alteration of root system architecture (RSA) (root length, spread, number and length of lateral roots) in response to environmental changes is known to be an important strategy for plant adaptation and productivity. In light of ongoing climate changes and global warming predictions, the breeding of drought-tolerant grapevine cultivars is becoming a crucial factor for developing a sustainable viticulture. Root-trait modeling of grapevine rootstock for drought stress scenarios, together with high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping techniques, may provide a valuable background for breeding studies in viticulture. Here, tree grafted grapevine rootstocks (110R, 5BB and 41B) having differential RSA regulations and drought tolerance were investigated to define their drought dependent root characteristics. Root area, root length, ramification and number of root tips reduced less in 110R grafted grapevines compared to 5BB and 41B grafted ones during drought treatment. Root relative water content as well as total carbohydrate and nitrogen content were found to be much higher in the roots of 110R than it was in the roots of other rootstocks under drought. Microarray-based root transcriptome profiling was also conducted on the roots of these rootstocks to identify their gene regulation network behind drought-dependent RSA alterations. Transcriptome analysis revealed totally 2795, 1196 and 1612 differentially expressed transcripts at the severe drought for the roots of 110R, 5BB and 41B, respectively. According to this transcriptomic data, effective root elongation and enlargement performance of 110R were suggested to depend on three transcriptomic regulations. First one is the drought-dependent induction in sugar and protein transporters genes (SWEET and NRT1/PTR) in the roots of 110R to facilitate carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation. In the roots of the same rootstock, expression increase in osmolyte producer genes revealed another transcriptomic regulation enabling effective root osmotic adjustment under drought stress. The third mechanism was linked to root suberization with upregulation of transcripts functional in wax producing enzymes (Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, Eceriferum3, 3-ketoacyl-CoAsynthase). These three transcriptomic regulations were suggested to provide essential energy and water preservation to the roots of 110R for its effective RSA regulation under drought. This phenotypic and genotypic knowledge could be used to develop root-dependent drought tolerant grapevines in breeding programs and could facilitate elucidation of genetic regulations behind RSA alteration in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Department of Bioengineering, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Adem Yağcı
- Department of Agriculture, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Seda Sucu
- Department of Agriculture, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Tunç
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Department of Bioengineering, Tokat, Turkey
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19
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Durand M, Mainson D, Porcheron B, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N. Carbon source-sink relationship in Arabidopsis thaliana: the role of sucrose transporters. PLANTA 2018; 247:587-611. [PMID: 29138971 PMCID: PMC5809531 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The regulation of source-to-sink sucrose transport is associated with AtSUC and AtSWEET sucrose transporters' gene expression changes in plants grown hydroponically under different physiological conditions. Source-to-sink transport of sucrose is one of the major determinants of plant growth. Whole-plant carbohydrates' partitioning requires the specific activity of membrane sugar transporters. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants, two families of transporters are involved in sucrose transport: AtSUCs and AtSWEETs. This study is focused on the comparison of sucrose transporter gene expression, soluble sugar and starch levels and long distance sucrose transport, in leaves and sink organs (mainly roots) in different physiological conditions (along the plant life cycle, during a diel cycle, and during an osmotic stress) in plants grown hydroponically. In leaves, the AtSUC2, AtSWEET11, and 12 genes known to be involved in phloem loading were highly expressed when sucrose export was high and reduced during osmotic stress. In roots, AtSUC1 was highly expressed and its expression profile in the different conditions tested suggests that it may play a role in sucrose unloading in roots and in root growth. The SWEET transporter genes AtSWEET12, 13, and 15 were found expressed in all organs at all stages studied, while differential expression was noticed for AtSWEET14 in roots, stems, and siliques and AtSWEET9, 10 expressions were only detected in stems and siliques. A role for these transporters in carbohydrate partitioning in different source-sink status is proposed, with a specific attention on carbon demand in roots. During development, despite trophic competition with others sinks, roots remained a significant sink, but during osmotic stress, the amount of translocated [U-14C]-sucrose decreased for rosettes and roots. Altogether, these results suggest that source-sink relationship may be linked with the regulation of sucrose transporter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Durand
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Dany Mainson
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoît Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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20
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Zhang C, Li X, He Y, Zhang J, Yan T, Liu X. Physiological investigation of C 4-phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase-introduced rice line shows that sucrose metabolism is involved in the improved drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:328-342. [PMID: 28415033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We compared the drought tolerance of wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice plants (PC) over-expressing the maize C4PEPC gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) gene, and evaluated the roles of saccharide and sugar-related enzymes in the drought response. Pot-grown seedlings were subjected to real drought conditions outdoors, and the yield components were compared between PC and untransformed wild-type (WT) plants. The stable yield from PC plants was associated with higher net photosynthetic rate under the real drought treatment. The physiological characters of WT and PC seedlings under a simulated drought treatment (25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol-6000 for 3 h; PEG 6000 treatment) were analyzed in detail for the early response of drought. The relative water content was higher in PC than in WT, and PEPC activity and the C4-PEPC transcript level in PC were elevated under the simulated drought conditions. The endogenous saccharide responses also differed between PC and WT under simulated drought stress. The higher sugar decomposition rate in PC than in WT under drought analog stress was related to the increased activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, acid invertase, and neutral invertase, increased transcript levels of VIN1, CIN1, NIN1, SUT2, SUT4, and SUT5, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves. The greater antioxidant defense capacity of PC and its relationship with saccharide metabolism was one of the reasons for the improved drought tolerance. In conclusion, PEPC effectively alleviated oxidative damage and enhanced the drought tolerance in rice plants, which were more related to the increase of the endogenous saccharide decomposition. These findings show that components of C4 photosynthesis can be used to increase the yield of rice under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yafei He
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ting Yan
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
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21
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Ren C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Liang Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the NF-Y gene family in grape (vitis vinifera L.). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:605. [PMID: 27516172 PMCID: PMC4982312 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor is composed of three distinct subunits: NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. Many members of NF-Y family have been reported to be key regulators in plant development, phytohormone signaling and drought tolerance. However, the function of the NF-Y family is less known in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Results A total of 34 grape NF-Y genes that distributed unevenly on grape (V. vinifera) chromosomes were identified in this study. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to predict functional similarities between Arabidopsis thaliana and grape NF-Y genes. Comparison of the structures of grape NF-Y genes (VvNF-Ys) revealed their functional conservation and alteration. Furthermore, we investigated the expression profiles of VvNF-Ys in response to various stresses, phytohormone treatments, and in leaves and grape berries with various sugar contents at different developmental stages. The relationship between VvNF-Y transcript levels and sugar content was examined to select candidates for exogenous sugar treatments. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) indicated that many VvNF-Ys responded to different sugar stimuli with variations in transcript abundance. qPCR and publicly available microarray data suggest that VvNF-Ys exhibit distinct expression patterns in different grape organs and developmental stages, and a number of VvNF-Ys may participate in responses to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses, phytohormone treatments and sugar accumulation or metabolism. Conclusions In this study, we characterized 34 VvNF-Ys based on their distributions on chromosomes, gene structures, phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis NF-Y genes, and their expression patterns. The potential roles of VvNF-Ys in sugar accumulation or metabolism were also investigated. Altogether, the data provide significant insights on VvNF-Ys, and lay foundations for further functional studies of NF-Y genes in grape. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2989-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Murcia G, Pontin M, Reinoso H, Baraldi R, Bertazza G, Gómez-Talquenca S, Bottini R, Piccoli PN. ABA and GA3 increase carbon allocation in different organs of grapevine plants by inducing accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, enhancement of phloem area and expression of sugar transporters. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:323-37. [PMID: 26411544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grape quality for winemaking depends on sugar accumulation and metabolism in berries. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) have been reported to control sugar allocation in economically important crops, although the mechanisms involved are still unknown. The present study tested if ABA and gibberellin A3 (GA3) enhance carbon allocation in fruits of grapevines by modifying phloem loading, phloem area and expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries. Pot-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec plants were sprayed with ABA and GA3 solutions. The amount of soluble sugars in leaves and berries related to photosynthesis were examined at three points of berry growth: pre-veraison, full veraison and post-veraison. Starch levels and amylase activity in leaves, gene expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries and phloem anatomy were examined at full veraison. Accumulation of glucose and fructose in berries was hastened in ABA-treated plants at the stage of full veraison, which was correlated with enhancement of Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 2 (VvHT2) and Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 6 (VvHT6) gene expression, increases of phloem area and sucrose content in leaves. On the other hand, GA3 increased the quantity of photoassimilates delivered to the stem thus increasing xylem growth. In conclusion, stimulation of sugar transport by ABA and GA3 to berries and stems, respectively, was due to build-up of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, modifications in phloem tissue and modulation in gene expression of sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Murcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Mariela Pontin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, EEA-INTA La Consulta, La Consulta, Argentina
| | - Herminda Reinoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Instituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Bologna, Italia
| | | | | | - Rubén Bottini
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Patricia N Piccoli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
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23
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Pertl-Obermeyer H, Trentmann O, Duscha K, Neuhaus HE, Schulze WX. Quantitation of Vacuolar Sugar Transporter Abundance Changes Using QconCAT Synthtetic Peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:411. [PMID: 27148277 PMCID: PMC4828444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of protein abundance changes are important for biological conclusions on protein-related processes such as activity or complex formation. Proteomic analyses in general are almost routine tasks in many laboratories, but a precise and quantitative description of (absolute) protein abundance changes require careful experimental design and precise data quality. Today, a vast choice of metabolic labeling and label-free quantitation protocols are available, but the trade-off between quantitative precision and proteome coverage of quantified proteins including missing value problems remain. Here, we provide an example of a targeted proteomic approach using artificial standard proteins consisting of concatenated peptides of interest (QconCAT) to specifically quantify abiotic stress-induced abundance changes in low abundant vacuolar transporters. An advantage of this approach is the reliable quantitation of alimited set of low-abundant target proteins throughout different conditions. We show that vacuolar ATPase AVP1 and sugar transporters of the ERDL (early responsive to dehydration-like) family and TMT2 (tonoplast monosaccharide transporter 2) showed increased abundance upon salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- Plant Physiology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kerstin Duscha
- Plant Physiology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Waltraud X. Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Waltraud X. Schulze,
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24
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Xu F, Xi ZM, Zhang H, Zhang CJ, Zhang ZW. Brassinosteroids are involved in controlling sugar unloading in Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries during véraison. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:197-208. [PMID: 26760954 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugar unloading in grape berries is a crucial step in the long-distance transport of carbohydrates from grapevine leaves to berries. Brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate many physiological processes in plants including carbohydrate metabolism. Here, 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera L.) grape berries cultivated in clay loam fields were treated with an exogenous BR (24-epibrassinolide; EBR), a BR synthesis inhibitor (brassinazole; Brz), Brz + EBR (sprayed with EBR 24 h after a Brz treatment), and deionized water (control) at the onset of véraison. The EBR treatment sharply increased the soluble sugars content in the berries, but decreased it in the skins. The EBR and Brz + EBR treatments significantly promoted the activities of both invertases (acidic and neutral) and sucrose synthase (sucrolytic) at various stages of ripening. The mRNA levels of genes encoding sucrose metabolic invertase (VvcwINV), and monosaccharide (VvHT3, 4, 5 and 6) and disaccharide (VvSUC12 and 27) transporters were increased by the EBR and/or Brz + EBR treatments. Generally, the effects of the Brz treatment on the measured targets contrasted with the effects of the EBR treatments. The EBR and Brz treatments inhibited the biosynthesis of the endogenous BRs 6-deoxocastastarone and castasterone. Both EBR and Brz + EBR treatments increased the brassinolide contents, down-regulated the expression of genes encoding BRs biosynthetic enzymes BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE and DWARF1, (VvBR6OX1 and VvDWF1) and induced BR receptor gene BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (VvBRI1) expression in deseeded berries. Together, these results show that BRs are involved in controlling sugar unloading in grape berries during véraison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhu-Mei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China.
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25
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Hochberg U, Degu A, Cramer GR, Rachmilevitch S, Fait A. Cultivar specific metabolic changes in grapevines berry skins in relation to deficit irrigation and hydraulic behavior. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 88:42-52. [PMID: 25635762 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Deficit irrigation techniques are widely used in commercial vineyards. Nevertheless, varieties respond differently to water availability, prompting the need to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between genotypes and their environment. In the present study, the variability in berry metabolism under deficit irrigation was investigated in the field on Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), known for their hydraulic variability. Berry skin metabolite profiling of the two cultivars was performed by parallel GC-MS and LC-MS at four development stages. Under similar irrigation, the cultivars differed in stomata regulation. In response to water deficit, CS exhibited lessened loss in berry weight and milder metabolic alteration of berry-skin primary metabolites, as compared with Shiraz. The metabolic stress responses were shown to depend on berry phenology. Characteristic metabolic changes included a decrease in amino acids and TCA cycle intermediates from veraison onward. In contrast, water deficit induced the accumulation of stress-related metabolites such as: proline, beta-alanine, raffinose, nicotinate and ascorbate, to a greater extent in Shiraz. Polyphenol metabolism in response to water stress also underwent significant changes, unique to each cultivar. Results suggest a link between the vine hydraulics and water-deficit driven changes in the berry skin metabolism, with significant consequences on the metabolic composition of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
| | - Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel.
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